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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Defence'
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1
Mayers, Carl Nicholas. "Cucumber mosaic virus : defence and counter-defence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621673.
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Van, Dyk Johannes Jacobus. "An evaluation of the South African Department of Defence's policy on Defence Industrial Participation (DIP) as a defence industrial development mechanism." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1067.
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This dissertation focuses on the local defence-related industry as a beneficiary under the Department of Defence’s defence industrial participation (DIP) programme, managed by Armscor. Attention is given to the main construct of the development theory and how the DIP process in South Africa compares with the international reciprocal trade phenomena commonly referred to as ‘countertrade’. The author does an in-depth analysis of the Government’s policy regarding the defence-related industry (DRI) that forms part of the local defence industrial base (DIB), as well as the DIP policy, procedures and practices and their subsequent bearing on the local defence industry. The study is further substantiated with a comprehensive review of the consequences and outcomes resulting from the largest defence package deal (SDP), signed in December 1999, between the Department of Defence and several major foreign original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and subsequently benchmarked against academic discourse on the subjects of international countertrade and development theories.
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Silber, Stephane Carleton University Dissertation Management Studies. "Defence conversion: A comparison of the innovation processes of defence and non-defence products in the electronic sector of the Canadian defence industry." Ottawa, 1996.
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Harris, Liam Jon Kieran. "Dual-use technology transfer between defence and non-defence markets." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/18938.
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Defence procurement easily matches and exceeds virtually any other form of technology-intensive procurements by the government. Additionally, defence procurement often focuses on technologically advanced, engineering-intensive equipment. This represents a significant potential for technological innovation and subsequent diffusion of this innovation throughout the economy. The defence industry has often been considered insular and idiosyncratic, meeting the demands of a bureaucratic, central buyer, creating firms unable to compete in dynamic commercial markets, and posing a barrier for innovative firms to enter. This study poses the question: When is technology likely to transfer into or out of the defence sector? Which organisational-level factors facilitate or hinder the likelihood and success of such technology transfer? By combining organisational identity, capabilities and institutional theories, this thesis pursues a novel approach to the problem, and we find that organisational identity moderates the capability-performance relationship – in essence, a strong organisational identity is negatively associated with the likelihood that a firm will deploy its resources in unfamiliar markets, or to exploit technologies present in them. The defence industry provides a salient context for the study of this phenomenon. This thesis presents a current overview of the UK defence sector, by reviewing the existing literature in the field and updating it with consideration to the significant changes which the industry has faced. This includes a review of the previous research on firm-level factors which influence the transfer of technology into and out of the sector. An organisational identity theory of capability deployment is then developed, and tested with a combination of expert interviews and quantitative analysis of the results of a survey of firms in the UK defence sector. The resulting analysis and discussion contribute to the understanding of the UK defence sector in the modern world, and the potential barriers to fully exploit technology developed in the defence context, and to the factors which may influence the UK armed forces’ access to technologies from non-traditional sources. Further, the recognition that institutional forces can influence organisational identity and subsequently affect the deployment of capabilities, I contribute to the management literature by suggesting a link between the rarely connected literatures on organisational identity and capabilities.
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Field, Sean Jeffrey. "A limited defence for C3I-disarmament and the Strategic Defence Initiative /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09Ar/09arf456.pdf.
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Rush, Michael. "The defence of disimpoverishment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416854.
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Rodin, David. "Self-defence and war." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285411.
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Bourne, C. "A defence of presentism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596805.
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In Chapter 1, I argue that there are only two tenable theories of time: the tenseless theory, and presentism. The tenseless theory currently dominants the philosophy of time, whereas presentism has been neglected. The aim of the Ph.D, is therefore to develop and defend presentism, given that it is what I take to be the only serious rival to the tenseless theory. Chapter 2 specifies some conditions that any satisfactory theory of time should meet. I argue that previous attempts at formulating presentism have violated at least one of these conditions. I then develop a suitable metaphysics and semantics for presentism that meets the conditions. Chapter 3 meets further philosophical problems that presentism faces, such as McTaggart's argument, how to treat transtemporal relations, how names for past objects can have any meaning without a referent, and how it is possible to hold that future contingent statements have indeterminate truth-values without having to reject the laws of non-contradiction and excluded middle. Presentism has also come under attack from arguments from the special and general theories of relativity (STR and GTR, respectively). Chapter 4 deals with the implications of STR, and argues that, contra majority opinion, STR and presentism are perfectly compatible. Chapter 5 deals with the implications of the pathological space-time models is GTR, such as Gödel's, which includes the existence of closed timelike curves. Gödel argues: The flow of time is an essential feature of time; there is a world where time cannot flow; therefore, time cannot flow in any world, and hence is unreal in all worlds (even the actual world, in which time is linear). I analyse the most interesting ways one can attack this argument, which results in wide-ranging and unexpected conclusions: Gödel's model does constrain theses about time in the actual world, Gödel's own conclusion - that time is unreal - is, however, too strong: both the tenseless theory and presentism survive. Chapter 6 discusses whether, as has been thought by some, expanding models of the universe can help to define the notion of temporal becoming. I use some arguments from the previous chapter to argue that it cannot. Chapter 7 discusses the analogies between space, time and modality, and argues that although it is plausible to hold that only the actual world and only one temporal location exists, we need not hold the analogous but implausible position with regard to space.
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Boren, David K. "Britain's 1981 defence review." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1992. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/britains-1981-defence-review(3124c973-9707-4d58-9de9-df7731d807f3).html.
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Owens, Gregory Ashley. "A defence of dispositionalism." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6914/.
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In this thesis, I develop and defend a distinctive version of a position I call (following Schwitzgebel (2002)) phenomenal dispositionalism. On this view, having such-and-such beliefs, desires, character traits etc. is just a matter of having such-and-such behavioural, cognitive and phenomenal dispositions; dispositions, roughly, to act, think and feel thus-and-so in such-and-such circumstances. Phenomenal dispositionalism has its roots in Ryle (2000) (who, I argue, is no behaviourist). Just as Ryle frames his position as an alternative to the Cartesian ‘Official Doctrine’ of his day, I frame mine as an alternative to what Baker (1995) calls the ‘Standard View’ in contemporary philosophy of mind (roughly, the view that mental states are brain states). In Baker’s view and in mine, Standard View theorists repeat the Cartesian error of construing the mind as a causal system. I attack this error at what I take to be its root, arguing (contra Mumford (1998)) that disposition ascription does not and cannot work by picking out particular internal properties or states of the object of ascription, occupying particular causal roles. Nonetheless, I argue, disposition ascriptions (including mental state ascriptions) can explain - and (pace Ryle) explain causally. The role of ‘folk psychological’ language, I argue, is not to pick out internal states occupying particular causal roles. Nor (pace Schwitzgebel) is it to assert subjects’ conformity to ‘dispositional stereotypes’ for each individual mental state ascribed to them. Rather, it is holistically to describe subjects’ dispositional profiles - their overall sets of behavioural, phenomenal and cognitive dispositions. I argue that our rich, everyday mental-state taxonomy is fit for this purpose, and stands in no need of revision either by those who are inclined to boil it down to beliefs and desires, or those who posit ‘aliefs’ in order to fill the explanatory gaps this leaves us with (Gendler, 2008a).
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Tait, D. I. "A defence of analyticity." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1306878/.
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There is prima facie reason to suppose that there are analytic truths, our knowledge of which is explained simply by our understanding them. One recent line of argument challenges this view on the grounds that, for any given proposition, it is always possible to understand it without knowing it. If understanding is to explain our knowledge of certain truths, then, how is it possible for someone to understand them and yet fail to know them? We can accommodate these cases of disagreement by construing the epistemic state in which a subject is placed by understanding an analytic truth as one of being in a position to know. In understanding an analytic truth, a subject may have the epistemic resources required for knowledge and yet be unable to exploit this position; this allows for the possibility that in those cases where a subject does know such a truth, the knowledge is explained by the subject’s understanding. This sense of being in a position to know receives support from the need for such a notion in describing certain features of our perceptual knowledge. Understanding an analytic truth enables a subject to recognise that its truth-conditions must be fulfilled. This is ultimately made possible by there being certain propositions that have the status of structuring the linguistic practice in which the subject participates. These propositions are held fixed as we evaluate the possible ways that the world could be and so come out as true in all possible worlds. A subject who is sufficiently integrated within the practice and who understands an analytic truth is thereby in a position to recognise its status within the practice. Using this model we can identify two kinds of disagreement consistent with the claim that understanding an analytic truth puts one in a position to know it.
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Kuisma, Oiva. "Proclus' defence of Homer /." Helsinki : Societas scientarium Fennica, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39233698h.
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Stagg, Robert. "Shakespeare's defence of verse." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422264/.
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‘I heard a fair lady sigh: “I wish someone would write a good treatise on prosody”’ (Ezra Pound, ABC of Reading (1934)). This thesis is about Shakespeare’s prosody, and it tries to be good. The first section is composed of four chapters, each of which examines one of the four metrical traditions available to early modern writers (quantitative prosody in Chapter 1, rhyming verse in Chapter 2, syllabic prosody in Chapter 3 and accentual prosody in Chapter 4) and what Shakespeare may have brought or wrought from it. It evokes how many of the things we have valued in Shakespeare – the sophistication of onstage action (Chapter 1), the wild sequences of language (Chapter 2), the verisimilar worlds of the plays (Chapter 3), the unusually ‘deep’ characters (Chapter 4) – have origins in his handling of metre and rhythm. The second part of the thesis considers how Shakespeare uneasily binds these four prosodic inheritances, and what they gave him, into a new blank verse (Chapter 5) which frequently risks something like free verse (Chapter 6). In doing all of this, it hopes to uncover Shakespeare’s ‘defence of verse’ – the treatise he never wrote.
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Leek, Tobias, and Johan Hassel. "Cost-Efficiency in Swedish Defence Procurement : Comparing the view of the Swedish Defence Material Administration and the Swedish Ministry of Defence." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-886.
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The Swedish defence has, during the last couple of years, been under major restructuring that has influenced defence procurements as well. Cost-efficiency has become increasingly important in defence procurement due to higher demand from shrinking defence budgets. The purpose of this study has been to compare the view on cost-efficiency between Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) and the Swedish Ministry of Defence and to discuss the potential differences. In order to compare the views, the study has looked at what is considered as cost-efficiency in Swedish defence procurement and how it could be achieved. The study has also considered the importance of Swedish defence industry in achieving cost-efficient procurements. For collecting data to make the comparison, focus group interviews were used as data collecting method. The use of focus groups has the advantage of allowing discussion and interaction between the participants. The study includes three focus group interviews, two were made at FMV and the third one was made at the Ministry of Defence.
When comparing the view on cost-efficiency in Swedish defence procurement between the three groups, there are no clear definition of what cost-efficiency is. However, a definition is suggested that combines the view of the three groups into the following definition; cost-efficient procurements should be good enough in order to satisfy the demand of the Armed Forces throughout the systems entire lifecy-cle. The study also concludes that the objective of becoming more cost-efficient is shared between the Defence Materiel Administration and the Ministry of Defence. However, there are differences on how this objective is to be achieved. The Ministry of Defence wants to use economical measures to make the organization around defence procurement more efficient and thus more cost-efficient procurement. The Defence Materiel Administration on the other hand would like to increase the per-sonnel since that would make it possible to utilize the market in a better way through competitive procurement.
The role of the Swedish defence industry is considered by all three groups as important for international cooperation and is said to contribute to cost-efficiency in procurements since the defence materiel market is characterised by barter transactions. With the intention of involving the industry in more parts of the system lifecycle through Public Private Partnerships, the importance of the defence industry will in-crease in order to make cost-efficient procurements.
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Wing, Ian Politics Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Australian Defence in transition: responding to new security challenges." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Politics, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38662.
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The conceptual understanding of security and the practicalities of national defence are interdependent. In many countries both are undergoing significant change. This work provides an international context but focuses on Australian defence, arguing that a transition is underway from old security thinking to new, and that this is evidenced by changes in policies and practical activities. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the interdependence between the current reconceptualisation of security and the practicalities of national defence. Old security thinking concerns military power relationships between states, in contrast with new security thinking, which uses a broader conceptual framework. These are described, providing benchmarks for the subsequent analysis. While it is acknowledged that change has occurred in security thinking throughout history, those developments observed since the end of the Cold War and the rise of globalisation signify a fundamental shift. To explore this shift, recent developments in the defence policies and military activities of four relevant nations are examined, providing an international context for the consideration of the primary case study of Australian defence. This case study draws on historical descriptions and empirical data to analyse developments in four spheres - Australian defence policy, current Australian Defence Force activities, recent military developments and contemporary Australian public debate. The weight of evidence supports the thesis of a transition in both security thinking, described as transitional security thinking, and ADF activities. Tensions are observed between the requirements of defending a nation against attack, and contributing to the expanding requirements of the broadened security agenda. Despite these tensions, the expansion in both security thinking and the associated activities of armed forces, is likely to continue. This expansion has important implications for Australia???s defence capabilities which are increasingly required to meet the demands of refocused national security. These demands contribute to the pressing challenges of convergence and overstretch. A strategy of integration is recommended to address these challenges and it follows the principles of whole-of-government security and sustainable partnerships. The application of these principles will require the ADF to emphasise capabilities with versatility and adaptability.
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Dentith, Matthew Richard. "In defence of conspiracy theories." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/17107.
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The purpose of this doctoral project is to explore the epistemic issues surrounding the concept of the conspiracy theory and to advance the analysis and evaluation of the conspiracy theory as a mode of explanation. The candidate is interested in the circumstances under which inferring to the truth or likeliness of a given conspiracy theory is, or is not, warranted.
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Danielsson, Marie. "Chemical defence in Norway spruce." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Organisk kemi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-31133.
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Norway spruce (Picea abies) responds to stress by biosynthesis of chemical substances, which can deter invading insects or pathogens. Some of these substances are volatile and can be emitted to the surroundings while others are accumulated within the tree. Information about the susceptibility of individual plants to infestation, their volatile emissions and chemical defence is of interest, for example, in selecting plants for tree breeding programs. The first part of this research focused on volatiles emitted by Norway spruce plants. Collection of headspace volatiles by SPME and subsequent separation and identification with GC-MS was used to investigate Norway spruce plants of different ages and stress conditions as well as trapping semiochemicals like nepetalactone emitted by the spruce shoot aphids. It was even possible to analyse the emission of single needles in vivo and obtain spatial localisation of the stress reaction to methyl jasmonate or spruce spinning mites. Seedlings of different ages showed differences in chemical composition of emitted volatiles, with the pine weevil repellent, (4S)-(-)-limonene, one of the main compounds. Wounded phloem of conventional plants emitted high amounts of monoterpenes while the phloem of mini plants emitted (3Z)-hexenal and (3Z)-hexen-1-ol. In addition, a method to separate and identify the four diastereomers of nepetalactone by GC-MS and characteristic m/z-fragments was accomplished. The second part of the research deals with the chemical response of Norway spruce roots to inoculation with Heterobasidion annosum. Terpene concentrations increased after inoculation or wounding but the composition was mainly associated with clone identity and not to susceptibility or treatment. In contrast, inoculation with H. annosum induced a treatment-specific alteration of phenol composition. The constitutive phenol composition differed between more and less susceptible clones. The phenols astringin and astringin dimers (piceasides) as well as the terpene α-longipinene may be suitable markers of low susceptibility for P. abies to Heterobasidion.QC 20110314
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McKaiser, Eusebius. "In defence of moral objectivity." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007599.
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This thesis examines the problem of moral objectivity, which is constituted by the ontological, epistemological and motivational challenges. It gradually develops an account of moral objectivity that has the dual function of dealing with the enemies of moral objectivity as well as giving a positive account of what moral objectivity is. It establishes these aims by arguing for the following theses. The first set of arguments show that relativist theories of ethics provide us with no forceful grounds for being sceptical about moral objectivity. The second set of arguments deepens the response to those who are sceptical about moral objectivity. It does so by showing in greater detail how rationality plays a substantive role in our practical deliberation, our notion of agency as well as our reactive attitudes. These arguments provide further reasons why we should have faith in the possibility of developing an adequate account of moral objectivity. The last set of arguments provides the positive account of moral objectivity. This positive account ends with the discussion of a paradigmatic moral fact that gives full expression (to the features of moral objectivity that have been articulated and defended.
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Bant, Elise. "The change of position defence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479399.
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Conduct, Matthew. "In defence of naïve realism." Thesis, Durham University, 2008. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2217/.
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This thesis offers a defence of naive realism. As I understand it, naive realism involves a claim about the structure of perception, and about the nature of perceptual experience, that is, the sensory experience that one enjoys when perceiving something. It claims that perception is psychologically direct, in that perceptual experience, in its very nature, suffices to put one in contact with normal, mind-independent objects. And it understands this nature in terms of it being presentational of these objects. After explaining the core commitments of naive realism and presenting the salient alternative views of the nature of perceptual experience and perception, I go on to consider motivations for why it is a position that is worth defending. I discuss epistemological, metaphysical and phenomenological reasons for why naive realism should be the place where we begin our theorising about perception, and why we should defend it as strongly as we can. I then present the two main challenges to the naive realist view, the arguments from illusion and hallucination. The possibility of these two kinds of sensory experience is held to make the naive realist view of the nature of perceptual experience untenable. I present a modified form of adverbialism as the best way for the naive realist to understand the nature of perceptual experience if they want to successfully accommodate the possibility of illusory experience. On this approach, perceptual experience is the sensing of the object of perception by a subject. Next I consider the disjunctive response to the challenge that hallucination presents to the naive realist, according to which we should conceive of perceptual and hallucinatory experience as having fundamentally different natures. I argue that such a disjunctivism needs to take an extreme form in which the only positive nature to hallucinatory experience is its being subjectively indiscriminable from perceptual experience. This position is rejected on the grounds that it maintains an implausible view about the nature of sensory experience. Finally, I consider an alternative way in which the naive realist can deal with hallucination. This is to claim that perceptual and hallucinatory experience can share the same nature, while at the same time perceptual experience can be understood as presentational of the objects of perception. This strategy will require the naive realist to adopt a stance about the metaphysical nature of the entities to which one can be related in experience.
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Ashworth, B. "A defence of clinical judgment." Thesis, Swansea University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.635803.
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Clinical consultation begins when a patient seeks help from a doctor. The doctor is called upon to advise and this advice is based on judgments in the areas of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The logic of diagnosis is discussed and the importance of probability emphasised. Theories of knowledge, interpretation, and the use of models are reviewed. Judgment analysis is noted as a developing area and mistakes in clinical practice are discussed. Mention of treatment includes orthodox therapy, complementary methods, and factors contributing to quality of life. Prognosis is considered in relation to some common conditions and the impact of chaos theory. Clinical judgment is concerned with prudence and knowledge sufficient for action. The ability to make an appropriate judgment from imperfect materials is of crucial importance in medical consultation. It requires a capacity to take account of all relevant factors bearing on the case and apportioning due weight to each. Good clinical judgment is closely linked to wisdom. This thesis considers the meaning of normal in the setting of health, examines the relationship between traditional medical practice, models and computer methods, and assesses whether the capacity for clinical judgment can be improved by teaching and experience. It explores the new methods and the extent to which they can supplement or replace established practices. It is concluded that clinical judgment based on extensive knowledge and appreciation of the circumstances of the individual is a continuing need which cannot be replaced by an artificial system.
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吳嘉寶 and Ka-po Ng. "China's defence modernisation since 1977." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B13775807.
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The Best MPhil Thesis in the Faculties of Architecture, Arts, Business & Economics, Education, Law and Social Sciences (University of Hong Kong), Li Ka Shing Prize, 1993-1995.toc
Politics and Public Administration
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Coker, Christine. "Changes in the defence industry." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360938.
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Foster, Lesley. "Alternative splicing in plant defence." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/92754/.
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With an increasing world population and finite resources for growing crops, producing plants that can adapt well to adverse conditions is crucial to enable adequate food production. The development of crops that have enhanced disease resistance form a core part of this strategy. We investigate the potential of Alternative splicing (AS), the mechanism whereby the same pre-mRNA can lead to different mRNA transcripts, as a mechanism for plants to regulate their defence. We show that Botrytis cinerea infection has wide ranging effects on the Arabidopsis transcriptome, with approximately one third of intron-containing genes displaying B. cinerea-mediated differential alternative splicing (DAS), including a wide variety of defence-related genes from all stages of the defence pathway. Our work suggests, that in-line with known AS mechanisms, B. cinerea-mediated DAS influences the plant defence response to B. cinerea by enabling the plant to mount a rapid response to pathogens via circumventing the time required for transcript initiation and mRNA accumulation, altering signal transduction by affecting functional domains of proteins, as well as altering regulatory feedback loops. For one gene, encoding a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, we demonstrate that B. cinerea-mediated DAS occurs, and that expression of this gene influences resistance to B. cinerea. We determine that DAS of this gene is altered in loss-of-function mutants of one component of the MOS4 associated complex (MAC), AtCDC5, which also has a defence phenotype to B. cinerea. With genome-wide investigations of MAC loss-of-function mutants indicating that splicing factor associated genes form highly interconnected networks. We add substantially to the body of evidence showing genome-wide DAS occurs in response to stress. We identify some putative DAS stress core genes, and splicing regulatory element motifs, which with additional work, could be used to help design crops with added disease resistance, contributing towards food security in the 21st century.
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Dicken, Paul Edward Trueman. "A defence of constructive empiricism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613381.
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Ivanovski, Hristijan. "A common defence for Europe." Israel Defence, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31255.
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One of the major analytical shortcomings regularly made by EU and NATO experts today lies with exclusively seeing the European defence project as a post-World War II (WWII) phenomenon and the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) as mainly a post-Cold War product. No analyst has so far seriously explored the idea of European defence predating WWII and the 20th century. Instead, since 1999 one frequently reads and hears about the ‘anomalous,’ ‘elusive’ CSDP suddenly complicating transatlantic relations. But the CSDP is hardly an oddity or aberration, and it is certainly not as mysterious as some might suggest. Drawing extensively from primary sources and predicated on an overarching evolutionist approach, this thesis shows that the present CSDP is an ephemeral security and defence concept, only the latest of its kind and full of potential. Drawing its deepest ideational roots from the (pre-)Enlightenment era, the CSDP leads to a pan-European defence almost irreversibly. A common defence for Europe is quite possible and, due to the growing impact of the exogenous (multipolar) momentum, can be realized sooner rather than later even without a full-fledged European federation.May 2016
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Simpson, Katherine Hannah. "Public choice for flood defence." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/22596.
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Why do we want to value the environment? Environmental assets provide a flow of goods and services over time which benefit mankind. Valuing these services contributes towards their protection and enhancement, however many of these benefits cannot be valued in traditional markets and as such rely on non-market valuation techniques. One of these is contingent valuation (CV) which directly asks respondents whether they are willing to pay for an improvement in the good or service. This thesis seeks to explore methodological issues associated with this method by undertaking a CV survey to elicit willingness to pay (WTP) for a new type of flood defence (managed realignment) on the Tay Estuary, Scotland. One challenge for survey designers is to provide high quality, readily understandable information to mitigate bias in WTP estimates. This thesis contributes to the information provision literature by examining whether prior knowledge or new information has a greater effect on the WTP estimate when controlling for respondent experience and familiarity with the good. A field experiment was designed to test for respondent’s prior knowledge; allow for varying levels of information to be presented to respondents and identify information acquisition for each respondent. Specifically tested was the notion that respondents who learn the most about the good during the survey process will have a more robust WTP estimate. Results were mixed: a causal relationship between information provision and learning was established with respondents in the higher treatment groups scoring higher in the second quiz. However, there was no relationship identified between prior knowledge, information provision and WTP. Personal motivations were the strongest predictors of WTP: those who were most concerned about flood risk and who lived closest to the proposed flood defence were willing to pay the most. A second issue in CV is consequentiality. Carson and Groves (2007) argue that for a survey to produce meaningful information about respondent’s preferences the respondent must view their responses as potentially influencing the supply of the public good. This thesis seeks add to this relatively new literature by exploring the observable factors which may influence respondents perceived consequentiality; specifically the effects of familiarity and information. Respondents were asked to state how confident they were that the results of the survey would be used by policy makers on a Likert scale ranging from “very unconfident” through to “very confident”. Results conformed to the Carson and Groves knife edge result: consequential respondents had significantly different WTP distributions compared to inconsequential and unsure respondents and were willing to pay significantly more towards the scheme. Consequential respondents also conformed the theoretical considerations of construct validity whilst inconsequential respondents did not. Respondents with more prior knowledge also appeared to be more likely to perceive the survey as consequential, although this was not consistent across all treatment groups. There is a concern that WTP and consequentiality are endogenous: respondents who want the policy to go ahead may be more likely to state the survey is consequential and state a high WTP in the hope these responses combined contribute to the policy maker’s decision. From a policy perspective the high level of support for the new scheme was encouraging and in contrast to previous findings on preferences for managed realignment. From a flood risk management perspective a “miss-match” between actual and perceived flood risk was highlighted, with many respondents stating they were not at risk from flooding when they in fact were. This is potentially concerning as respondents may not be taking adequate steps to protect their home from future flood risks. Overall it is recognised that values derived from the CV survey form one small part of the planning process and while informative, the decision for a scheme to take place should not be based on these values alone.
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Borysenkov, Dmytro, and Serhii Rozhok. "Features of national cyber defence." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50755.
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https://www.act.nato.int/centres-of-excellence???history=4&pfid=1&sample=11&ref=0
5. KMU. National Security and Defense. Retrieved 03.03.2021 from
https://www.kmu.gov.ua/en/reformi/bezpeka-ta-oboronaBecause of Russia’s actions in April 2014, the Ukraine decided to make a step from historic alignment with Russia to find itself in NATO membership. On September 20, 2018 Ukraine’s president Petro Poroshenko said “We need to amend our constitution to make NATO membership a long-term goal” [1]. These words played an irreversible role of transformation our country toward European and Euro-Atlantic course integration. And one of the main goals was to transform consciousness of Ukrainian people to convince them that Ukraine is not a part of Russian Federation. The importance of this message made by Ukrainian law was directly counter to Putin’s influence operations attempting to convince the entire world that Ukrainians were ethnically Russians.
Через дії Росії у квітні 2014 року Україна вирішила зробити крок від історичного приєднання до Росії, щоб опинитися в членстві в НАТО. 20 вересня 2018 р. Президент України Петро Порошенко заявив: "Нам потрібно внести зміни в нашу Конституцію, щоб зробити членство в НАТО довгостроковою метою" [1]. Ці слова зіграли незворотну роль в трансформації нашої країни в бік європейської та євроатлантичної інтеграції курсів. І однією з головних цілей було перетворення свідомості українського народу, щоб переконати його в тому, що Україна не є частиною Російської Федерації. Важливість цього повідомлення, поданого українським законодавством, прямо суперечила операціям впливу Путіна, які намагалися переконати весь світ у тому, що українці є етнічно росіянами.
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Bradley, Joseph E. (Joseph Edmund) Carleton University Dissertation Canadian Studies. "In defence of Charter review." Ottawa, 1992.
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Ng, Ka-po. "China's defence modernisation since 1977 /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13775807.
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Beard, James Richard Laurence. "Thin universalism : derivation and defence." Thesis, Swansea University, 2008. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42830.
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This thesis outlines a constructivist account of what has come to be known as 'thin universalism'. It makes the case for a substantively minimal account of universalism as a response to the facts of pluralism understood in a particular normative way. Following G.A. Cohen, it challenges conventional constructivist arguments about the privileged role of facts in the construction of normative principles and suggests that construction must be aimed not at 'first principles', which cannot be responsive to factual considerations, but at 'principles of regulation', which can. These principles are not fixed transcendental algorithms, but rather contingent and reflexive responses to a rapidly changing world, designed to have an impact upon it. This enables them to repel many of the traditional critiques of universalism and provides grounds for thinking that there is still a space and a need for universalism in the modern world. The thesis proposes a bicameral construction and considers firstly how such 'thin universal regulatory principles' might be constructed, and secondly how a basis of consent to them might also be constructed. Far from being distinct, there is significant overlap between the two constructions. Finally, the thesis suggests that a thin universalism can be expressed in two key political debates, which highlight its significance and assist in the construction process. First, as a more sensitive and yet more powerful human rights doctrine; one which recognises and celebrates pluralism, but which sets clear limits on the kind of society in which humans can exist. And, second, as a conception of toleration with limitations which prevent it from descending into a hollow relativism. Ultimately, the thesis seeks to establish and justify the plausibility of retaining universal principles which, while substantively thin, still resonate strongly and widely in and, as such, continue to be relevant to a modem plural world.
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Lundmark, Martin. "Transatlantic defence industry integration : discourse and action in the organizational field of the defence market." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institutionen för Marknadsföring och strategi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-1537.
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The integration of defence companies in Europe and the U.S. has in the defence market’s environment for a long time received considerable interest. Companies see business opportunities and attractive technology on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. Governments advocate in a public discourse that transatlantic defence industry integration is highly desirable and that it would benefit all concerned. This supportive discourse is compared to the action; the corporate integration that has occurred. The aim of the thesis is to understand and explain the level and nature of the transatlantic defence industry integration and its driving forces and inhibitors. A combination of three focal theoretical concepts has been used: integration, discourse and organizational field. The thesis shows that there is a marked discrepancy between the discourse for and the actual extent of transatlantic defence industry integration. This discrepancy and the nature of the corporate integration is analyzed and explained through the combination of discourse and integration within an organizational field. The thesis shows that defence companies’ in transatlantic acquisitions achieve very limited influence over the acquired company’s strategy and operations, and that synergies and rationalization are strongly disencouraged by governments. The processual integration within trans-national groups and in transatlantic defence materiel collaboration is highly restricted by governments. The thesis also shows that the defence innovation largely is separated between the U.S. and Europe. The defence market is an example of a political market showing a very different corporate rationality compared to ideal models of corporate rationality as the SCP paradigm. The findings suggest that defence companies’ strategy and integration appear non-rational in isolation, but become rational when understood through the lens of the defence market seen as an organizational field – a perspective that emphasizes the influence of the government field. If you want to understand, analyze or engage in transatlantic defence industry integration, you should benefit from this study. It should be of interest to researchers who study the defence industry, defence procurement, political markets, organizational fields, regulatory governance and corporate integration. It should be of interest to policymakers and others engaged in the discourse that concerns reforms of political markets in general, and of the defence market in particular. Martin Lundmark is a researcher at the Center for Marketing, Distribution and Industry Dynamics at the Stockholm School of Economics. His research focuses on the defence market, defence procurement, Europeanization and the transformation within political markets. Martin also works as defence market and defence procurement analyst and deputy research director at the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI).Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2011
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Pedrason, Rodon [Verfasser], and Aurel [Akademischer Betreuer] Croissant. "ASEAN’S DEFENCE DIPLOMACY: THE ROAD TO SOUTHEAST ASIAN DEFENCE COMMUNITY? / Rodon Pedrason ; Betreuer: Aurel Croissant." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1180986539/34.
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Louw, Gerhard Martin. "South African defence policy and capability : the case of the South African National Defence Force." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85766.
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Thesis (MMil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Armed forces the world over have three primary functions — force development, force deployment and force employment. Defence policy plays a guiding role in all of these, but is especially important in establishing the rationale for the creation of those military capabilities that force development brings about. The end of the Cold War, which coincided with a new political dispensation in South Africa, also gave rise to a new security paradigm: a theory implying both a reduction in the utility of military force, and an adjustment in the use of military forces. This phenomenon changed the context within which states generate modern defence policy, but did not affect the causal relationship between policy publications and the outcomes of a military’s force development activities. Usually, a defence policy presupposes the development of armed forces that are effective and efficient at executing their mandate — a condition that is measurable in terms of the organisation’s levels integration, skill, quality and responsiveness. The thesis uses this concept, both as a point of departure and as a structural organising device, to describe the variance between defence policy and military capabilities. A general analysis of South Africa’s defence policy publications indicates that, indeed, the policymakers had thoroughly considered the armed forces’ effectiveness when they wrote the White Paper (1996) and the Defence Review (1998). By 2006, the South African Army has interpreted national defence policy and formulated a future strategy of its own, very much in alignment with the ‘modern system’ approach of the original policy publications. However, further analysis of the actual capabilities of the South African National Defence Force indicates a major variance between the relevant defence policy publications, the military’s force development outcomes, and the present demands of the South African security environment. There appears to be quite serious deficiencies in the attribute of integration, which arise primarily from political influences; furthermore, the military’s quality is under strain, mainly because of the defence force’s seeming inability to formulate a strategy that is not only acceptable, but also suitable and feasible. While the armed forces appear to be skilful enough to execute their present (peacetime) missions, success in the type of operations that policy demands is unlikely. In summary, the study suggests that the principal reason for the large variance between defence policy, military capabilities, and real operational demands stems from defence’s lack of responsiveness to its resource constraints and operational realities. The thesis therefore concludes that the defence force has been largely unsuccessful in complying with the demands of defence policy, irrespective of the fact that the policy by itself may be obsolete and/or inappropriate for the South African context; furthermore, that military effectiveness in meeting current operational demands is also doubtful. Finally, the defence force’s schizophrenic organisational culture may be the primary cause of it moving ever closer to reneging on its constitutional mandate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gewapende magte wêreldwyd het drie primêre funksies — magsontwikkeling, magsontplooiing en magsaanwending. Verdedigingsbeleid vervul ‘n rigtinggewende rol in al hierdie funksies, maar is veral belangrik om die skepping van die militêre vermoëns, wat deur magsontwikkelingsaktiwiteite daargestel word, te regverdig. Gevolglik beoog hierdie tesis om die mate van ooreenkoms tussen die voorskrifte van Suid-Afrikaanse verdedigingsbeleid en die werklike militêre vermoëns van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag te beskryf, soos dit ontwikkel het tussen 2000 en 2011. Die einde van die Koue Oorlog (samelopend met die totstandkoming van ‘n nuwe bedeling in Suid-Afrika) het geboorte gegee aan nuwe denke betreffende veiligheid, wat ook ‘n afname in die nuttigheid van militêre mag en ‘n aanpassing in die aanwending van militêre magte tot gevolg gehad het. Hierdie verskynsel het die omgewing waarbinne moderne state verdedigingsbeleid ontwikkel verander, maar nie die kousale verband tussen beleidspublikasies en die uitkomste van ‘n weermag se magsontwikkelingsaktiwiteite aangeraak nie. Gewoonlik veronderstel ‘n verdedigingsbeleid die ontwikkeling van gewapende magte wat doeltreffend en doelmatig is in die uitvoering van hul mandaat — ‘n toestand wat meetbaar is in terme van die organisasie se vlakke van integrasie, vaardigheid, kwaliteit, en hul vermoë om toepaslik op omgewigsinvloede te reageer. Die tesis gebruik hierdie konsep, beide as ‘n vertrekpunt en as ‘n strukturele ordeningsmeganisme, en om die verskille tussen verdedigingsbeleid en militêre vermoëns te beskryf. ‘n Algemene ontleding van Suid-Afrika se verdedigingsbeleidspublikasies toon dat, met die skryf van die Witskrif (1996) en Verdedigingsoorsig (1998), beleidmakers wel deeglike oorweging geskenk het aan die weermag se doeltreffenheid; so ook die Suid-Afrikaanse Leër, wat teen 2006 sy eie toekomsstrategie die lig laat sien het. Desnieteenstaande getuig verdere ontleding van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasional Weermag se werklike vermoëns van diepgaande verskille tussen verbandhoudende beleidspublikasies, die weermag se ontwikkelingsuitkomste, en die huidige eise van die Suid-Afrikaanse veiligheidsomgewing. Dit wil voorkom asof daar ernstige integrasie-leemtes is, komende hoofsaaklik vanuit die politieke omgewing; verder is die gewapende magte se kwaliteit onder druk, hoofsaaklik vanweë die weermag se onvermoë om ‘n strategie te formuleer wat gelyktydig aanvaarbaar, geskik en uitvoerbaar is. Die gewapende magte mag dalk vaardig genoeg wees om hul huidige (vredestydse) take te verrig, maar dit is te betwyfel of hulle suksesvol sal wees in die voer van die tipe operasies soos beleid voorgeskryf. Ter opsomming dui die studie aan dat die groot verskille tussen verdedigingsbeleid, militêre vermoëns en werklike operasionel eise voor die deur van ‘n gebrek aan doelmatige aanpassing by hulpbrontekorte en operasionele werklikhede gelê kan word. Die tesis maak dus die gevolgtrekking dat die weermag grootliks onsuksesvol was om aan die vereistes van verdedigingsbeleid te voldoen, ongeag die feit dat verdedigingsbeleid op sigself verouderderd en/of ontoepaslik binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks mag wees; verder, dat militêre effektiwiteit ter voldoening aan huidige operasionele eise tans ook verdag is. Ten slotte is die weermag se tweeslagtige organisasiekultuur moontlik die belangrikste oorsaak van die neiging na die versaking van verdediging se grondwetlike mandaat.
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Blake, Robin Michael. "Defence Diplomacy for Conflict Prevention : a Strategic Analysis of the South African Defence Review 2015." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58472.
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Most, if not all defence forces across the world make use of defence diplomacy and some, including South Africa utilise defence diplomacy for conflict prevention. However, the theoretical underpinnings concerning the defence diplomacy - conflict prevention nexus are inadequate as is the concept of non-coercive defence diplomacy, a policy term first mooted by the South African Department of Defence in 2011. In addition, the South African Department of Defence recently released the South African Defence Review 2015 which maps out the strategic direction for the next two to three decades. The 2015 Defence Review addresses, amongst others, policy guidance for defence diplomacy and conflict prevention.
The aim of the study was to conduct a strategic analysis of South Africa’s use of defence diplomacy for purposes of conflict prevention, as framed by the 2015 Defence Review. This was achieved by developing a framework for the defence diplomacy - conflict prevention nexus; applying it to the South African case study in a policy and operational context; and thereupon formulating recommendations for the 2015 Defence Review. The research problem is that the use of defence diplomacy by South Africa as an approach to conflict management is both under-theorised and under-emphasised. This raises two questions. Firstly, what is the link and relationship between defence diplomacy and the prevention of conflict? Secondly, how is or can defence diplomacy, as a supplementary form of preventive diplomacy, be strategically aligned with the 2015 Defence Review to extend its conflict prevention use?
In response to the first question it was found that defence diplomacy, if used non-coercively in a multilateral context with CSBMs, regulates the conflict situation (in terms of goal incompatibility), conflict attitudes and perceptions and conflict behaviour, and therefore prevents conflict escalation by keeping it within the bounds of pre-manifest conflict. In response to the second question it was found that South Africa’s non-coercive defence diplomacy, at both a policy and operational level, was partially aligned with the framework
The utility of non-coercive defence diplomacy for preventing an escalation in conflict was verified by exploring the policy and operational context of South Africa’s defence diplomacy. By applying the framework for analysis on the defence diplomacy - conflict prevention nexus to the South African case study, it was established that the DOD policy context for defence diplomacy from 1994 to 2015 was pursued in a stable foreign policy setting which had a predilection for the peaceful resolution of conflict and was framed by an identifiable DOD policy context. The DOD policy context was, however, initially vague as it failed to advocate defence diplomacy, referring instead to CSBMs. This resulted in a policy void which extended into the strategic realm, specifically the 2002 Military Strategy, which had a myopic focus on military foreign relations. This shortcoming has never been rectified. However, the Business Plans from 2003 to 2013 show an incremental convergence with the defence diplomacy - conflict prevention nexus but it is emphasised that there is an ongoing absence of defence policy synchronisation with the stages of pre-manifest conflict. Moreover, the purposive use of non-coercive defence diplomacy did not feature as such in the 2015 Defence Review. Continuing with the South African case study and considering the operational context of DOD defence diplomacy from 2011 to 2015, the defence diplomacy - conflict prevention nexus revealed that there is evidence to inductively ground a theory that non-coercive defence diplomacy prevents an escalation in pre-manifest conflict.
In conclusion, the policy context confirmed the link between defence diplomacy, more specifically non-coercive defence diplomacy with CSBMs, and conflict regulation; whereas the operational context provided evidence that non-coercive defence diplomacy subscribes to common values and principles, creates conditions, modifies attitudes and perceptions, and regulates behaviour that collectively prevent the escalation of pre-manifest conflict. These findings and limitations provided justification for recommendations concerning the 2015 Defence Review as a policy tool to direct and implement defence diplomacy for conflict prevention.Mini Dissertation (MSS)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Political Sciences
MSS
Unrestricted
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Smith, Andrew Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The factors influencing the employment of the Australian Defence Organisation in homeland security roles since 11 September 2001." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38735.
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This thesis makes an assessment of the factors influencing the involvement of the Australian Defence Organisation (ADO) in homeland security roles since 11 September 2001 (9/11). This is approached on a largely empirical basis, using document analysis and case studies supported with interviews with key individuals and experts. The thesis commences with an Introduction that provides brief context for the thesis and specifies its central question as ???what factors have shaped the role of the ADO in Australia's response to the homeland security environment that has emerged since 11 September 2001.??? Chapter One provides an historical and theoretical context for the key concepts of homeland security and the challenges confronting Western governments in the homeland security arena. Chapter Two explores the implications of those challenges for Australia, before outlining the research method and providing a literature review. Chapter Three is an historical exposition of homeland security in Australia from British settlement in 1788 until 2001. The Chapter examines events in increasing detail in the 30 years immediately prior to 2001, including a detailed case study of ADO support to the Sydney 2000 Olympic and Paralympic Games, before drawing some broad conclusions on the Australian experience of the involvement of its Defence Organisation in homeland security pre-9/11. Chapter Four establishes the pre-9/11 status quo in relation to the ADO???s involvement in homeland security role before analysing the general pattern of those roles. Chapter Five analyses and draws conclusions about the reasons for the ADO???s pre-9/11 involvement in homeland security roles, introducing an hypothetical construct to explain causal factors. Chapter Six examines the ADO???s involvement in homeland security roles post-9/11, including cases studies of ADO support to the conduct of the 2002 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting and the Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games. Chapter Seven analyses and identifies the factors led to the ADO???s pattern of involvement in homeland security post-9/11, further developing the hypothetical construct introduced in Chapter 5. Chapter Seven also contains supporting case studies on the ADO???s contribution to Australia???s national chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear response capability and on the state of New South Wales??? homeland security capabilities. Chapter Eight draws overall conclusions, including recommendations for Australian policy development and areas for further research. The essential conclusion reached is that the ADO???s involvement in homeland security roles, both before and since 9/11, has been shaped mostly by pragmatic political and managerial considerations of governments. Developments have normally occurred in an episodic and incremental fashion in response to ???trigger events,??? although 9/11 altered this pattern somewhat by acting as a ???threshold??? event that re-calibrated demands and expectations for ADO involvement. Supporting Appendices provide detail on the Australian Government???s strategic guidance on ADO involvement in homeland security since 1973; on Australia???s policy for Defence Assistance to the Civilian Community and Defence Force Aid to the Civil Authorities; and on the involvement of former Department of Defence employees in non-Defence homeland-security related roles. A Bibliography provides details of sources used.
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Dyson, Philip Thomas Adrian. "The politics of German defence policy : policy leadership, Bundeswehr reform and European defence and security policy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1778/.
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This thesis is a study of the role of policy leadership in German defence and security policy between 1990 and 2002, with particular reference to reform of the Bundeswehr. It situates this case study in the framework of a set of analytical perspectives about policy change derived from public policy theory, arguing that public policy theory has either underestimated policy leadership or failed to discriminate different leadership roles, styles and strategies. The author rejects the dominant contextualist and culturalist approach to leadership in studies of German defence and security policy in favour of an interactionist approach that stresses the dialectical interaction between policy skills and strategic context. The case study also shifts the focus in studies of policy leadership in Germany away from a preoccupation with the Chancellor to the role of ministerial and administrative leadership within the core executive. The thesis illustrates the strongly self-referential nature of Bundeswehr reform, despite adaptational pressures from Europeanisation and 'NATO-isation', and the domestic politics of base closures. It also shows how domestic macro-political arrangements predispose leadership roles in German defence and security policy towards brokerage and veto playing rather than towards entrepreneurship.
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Paul, Rishi Daven. "U.S. post-bipolar nuclear strategy and strategic defence : U.S. ballistic missile defence after mutual assured destruction." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.713691.
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On December 13, 2001, President George. W. Bush gave Russia notice that the U.S. would abrogate from the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems (ABM) Treaty. Signed in 1972, this treaty embodied profound significance; it codified Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) into the strategic doctrine of two competing superpowers. In dispensing with the treaty, President Bush signalled his intent to pursue a multi-layered ballistic missile defence system capable of intercepting adversary missiles in all stages of flight. This study seeks to explain why, in view of the uncertainty of the threat of emerging ballistic missile powers, the unproven technological feasibility of the system and the availability of alternative arms control options, the Bush administration still continued to pursue strategic defence. This was the case even after the focus of the national security threat shifted to international terrorism and non-state actors. This study demonstrates that the Bush administration's motivation to pursue strategic defence is is rooted within the shared values of a Republican conservative belief that the U.S. has the fundamental obligation to pursue international primacy. Missile defence as one part of a new Nuclear Triad is tested by this study as a capability designed to deliver this objective.
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Morris, Timothy Huson. "Neutrophil defence against bovine uterine infections." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522694.
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Kalliopi, Chainoglou. "Reconceptualising the law of self-defence." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.566223.
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Kosub, Timothy Alexander. "A defence of Kuhn's incommensurability thesis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28254.
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Kuhn's incommensurability thesis is the claim that successive scientific theories often conflict not only logically but also normatively: i.e. they differ both about nature and also about the use of common apparatus, concepts and experimental results, and what are proper scientific goals and methods. Critics commonly object that Kuhn's thesis attacks such traditional scientific values as objectivity and rationality. But their strongest response can be expressed as a dilemma: either, if taken literally, the incommensurability thesis is self-contradictory; or, if that literal reading is rejected, this thesis has no philosophical Import. Kuhn claims his critics have misinterpreted his thesis and he maintains both its intelligibility and relevance. The problem is whether his position can be sustained.
In support of Kuhn, I argue that his critics' reading of his thesis is based on a mistaken Identification of logic with formal logic and, more generally, of comparability with commensurabil-lty. I argue that logical comparison of theories that lack common concepts is possible if one can compare theories directly, as whole to whole, and that such direct logical comparison is actually commonplace in natural languages. I also argue more generally that Kuhn's critics' identification of comparison with com-mensuration leads to a vicious regress.
My attempt at resolving the dispute between Kuhn and his critics is informed by a simple "hermeneutic" principle: If one view seems either unintelligible or irrelevant to the other, then both sides probably disagree on the Interpretation of shared concepts. Once the focus of the dispute is located, arguments can often be given for preferring one interpretation over another. Thus if I am right that Kuhn's critics' view wrongly equates comparability with commensurability and logic with formal logic, that view clearly must be replaced by one that distinguishes them.
I argue that if those distinctions are made, incommensurability can be seen to represent no essential threat to scientific rationality and objectivity. In this light, I suggest Kuhn's major analytic concepts be viewed as Improvements on more traditional notions drawn from formal logic. I also use a historical case study of the original discovery of geometrical incommensurability to illustrate further Kuhn's concepts and to develop a more general notion of a proof of incommensurability that is applicable to scientific theories.Arts, Faculty of
Philosophy, Department of
Graduate
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Everett, Pauline. "A relational defence of surrogate motherhood." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4464/.
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This thesis explores surrogate motherhood using Christian ethics within a relational framework. A surrogate mother is a woman who has a child for a commissioning couple who are usually infertile. Chapter one explores how surrogacy is presented in three secular and three Church reports by focusing upon the surrogate, the commissioning couple and the child. The key theological and ethical objections to surrogacy are briefly explored: that it undermines motherhood, involves baby selling, coercion, exploitation and commodification. Chapter two analyses motherhood according to three secular feminists and three theologians. The secular feminists are criticised for not recognising the complexity of motherhood. By contrast, motherhood in Christianity is presented as multidimensional. Chapter three analyses whether paid surrogacy commodifies, exploits and coerces the participants. Theologically the chapter explores human beings as created in the image of God and as having dignity, which can mean that payment does not always have to lead to commodification, exploitation or coercion. Chapter four explores whether paid surrogacy involves baby selling. Theologically the chapter explores the concepts of the self and other in Augustine and Aquinas. It also explores agape in Anders Nygren and Gene Outka, arguing that self-interest and altruism can co-exist with care for the self and the other in a relational framework without detriment. Comparisons are made with blood donation to suggest that paid and unpaid surrogacy can operate together without paid surrogacy being regarded as baby selling or the purchase of parenthood. Finally, chapter five outlines three models towards surrogacy: a contract model, an adoption model and my relational approach, influenced by Louis Janssens’ personalism. My relationalism aims for a more sophisticated ontology of the relationship between the self and the other and calls for various solutions in a surrogacy custody dispute.
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Ogle, Peter, and n/a. "A defence of non-introspective simulationism." University of Otago. Department of Philosophy, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070117.085634.
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This thesis is a defence of non-introspective simulationism. It seeks to explain how we acquire everyday behavioural and psychological beliefs (henceforth interpretational beliefs) regarding both ourselves and others. The thesis is in three parts; the first states non-introspective simulationism, the second surveys some relevant empirical findings and shows how simulationism explains (or at least accomodates) these, and the third compares simulationism with rival theories.
The two main claims of non-introspecitve simulationism (as defended) are: simulation is central to the acquisition of interpretational beliefs. Introspection has no role whatever.
Further central claims are: beliefs about our own currently intended behaviours are acquired by practical reasoning. Other interpretational beliefs are, in various ways, the product of simulation. Simulation requires little if any machinery not already required for practical reasoning. Knowledge of our own psychological states is acquired after and as a result of knowledge of others�. Knowledge of phenomenal states is unnecessary for mastery of folk psychology and the product of dinkum science.
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Weatherbie, Jason. "Strategic responses to defence sector restructuring." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ36921.pdf.
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Britz, Malena. "The europeanization of defence industry policy /." Stockholm : Department of Political Science, Stockholm University, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-262.
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O'Connor, Brian Patrick. "Adorno's Kantian epistemology : interpretation and defence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260588.
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Schwartzman, Micah Jacob. "Towards a defence of public reason." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270472.
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Chonabayashi, Ryo. "A defence of metaphysical ethical naturalism." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/26860/.
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This dissertation is a defence of metaphysical ethical naturalism according to which there is a moral reality which is part of the natural world. The implication of this view is that moral properties, such as moral goodness, justice, compassion and so forth are part of the natural world, and inquiries concerning these moral entities are conducted in similar empirical ways of reasoning to that in which scientific inquiries are conducted. I defend metaphysical ethical naturalism by a variety of explanationist argument in the tradition of Cornell realism. I examine preceding proposals for this argument, and focus on one version of it, which I call ‘the abductive argument for moral realism’. Although there was a suggestion about the abductive argument, the argument has not been discussed enough in the literature. This dissertation is a defence and discussion about the abductive argument which has not been properly examined. The defence of the argument requires the examination of how first-order ethical theory can be developed in the similar empirical ways scientific theories are developed. This will be an attempt to show the analogy between scientific inquiries and ethical inquiries. Describing the analogy between science and ethics, I will argue that the analogy can be best explained in terms of the approximate truth of normative theory which implies the existence of mind-independent natural moral properties.
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Zilbauer, Matthias. "Innate immune defence to Campylobacter jejuni." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445170/.
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Campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of bacterial diarrhoea worldwide and is frequently associated with severe post-infectious complications such as the Guillain-Barre syndrome. Despite the serious health burden caused by the bacterium disease pathogenesis remains ill defined. Human (3-defensins (hBDs)), a family of epithelial antimicrobial peptides, are a major component of host innate defence at mucosal surfaces. In the present study we investigated the effect of C. jejuni on intestinal epithelial innate responses. Up-regulation of IL-8, hBD-2 and hBD-3 gene and peptide expression was observed in Caco-2 and HT-29 cell-lines in response to C. jejuni strains 11168H and 81-176. Furthermore, recombinant hBDs were found to exhibit potent bactericidal activity against C. jejuni suggesting a major role for these peptides in disease pathogenesis. Secondly, we aimed to identify host receptor(s) involved in sensing of C. jejuni and initiating innate defence. Given the invasive nature of infection, we investigated the potential role of cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain (NOD) proteins. Using small interfering (si) RNA targeting NODI and transfection of NOD2 overexpression plasmids, we identified NODI as a major pattern recognition receptor involved in mediating innate host defence to C. jejuni while NOD2 was found to play a minor role. Additionally, reduced NODI expression resulted in an increased number of intracellular C. jejuni thus highlighting a critical role for NODI mediated antimicrobial defence in limiting infection. In the final part of the study an ex-vivo model of C. jejuni infection using human intestinal biopsies was developed. Additionally, a vertical diffusion chamber system was utilised to improve culture conditions in C. jejuni infection models. In conclusion, this study highlights the important role of intestinal innate host defence to C. jejuni. The development of new and improved models of infections has the potential to provide previously unavailable opportunities to study C. jejuni disease pathogenesis.
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Graham, Gary. "Defence industry structure and supplier strategies." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296000.
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