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Journal articles on the topic 'Defence mechanisms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Fatima Akram and Mahwesh Arooj Naz. "Ego defense mechanisms, medication adherence and self-management of the patients with type 2 diabetes." Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 71, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 624–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.706.

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Objective: To explore relationship involving Ego Defence Mechanism, Medication Adherence and Self-Management of patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: The cross-sectional co-relational study was conducted at the Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan, from November 2017 to November 2018, and comprised diabetics aged 25-55 years. Other than demographic information, data was collected using the Urdu versions of the Defense Style Questionnaire, the Medication Adherence Scale, and the Diabetic Self-management Questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 22. Results: Of the 150 patients, 75(50%) each were females and males. Mature defence mechanisms, like sublimation, suppression and humour, were significant predictors of self-management (p<0.001), and mature defence mechanism, like sublimation, was a significant predictor of medication adherence (p<0.05). Females were high on neurotic defence mechanism, like pseudo-altruism, compared to the males (p=0.001). Conclusion: Medication adherence and self-management were found to be dependent on mature defence mechanisms. Key Words: Ego defence mechanisms, Medication adherence, Self-management, Immature defences, Mature defences, Neurotic defences. Continuous...

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2

Williams, Ruth. "Defence mechanisms." Nursing Standard 14, no. 30 (April 12, 2000): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.14.30.24.s41.

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3

S. Wilkinson, Thomas, Jean-Michel Sallenave, and John Simpson. "Pulmonary Defence Mechanisms." Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 8, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339812800493322.

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4

Cox, Frank E. G. "Immunological defence mechanisms." Trends in Parasitology 17, no. 4 (April 2001): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4922(01)01884-0.

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5

Nicod, LaurentP. "Pulmonary Defence Mechanisms." Respiration 66, no. 1 (1999): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000029329.

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6

Hopwood, David. "Oesophageal Defence Mechanisms." Digestion 56, no. 1 (1995): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000201294.

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7

Willemsen, Jochem. "Defence mechanisms in crime narratives of psychopathic violent offenders." International Journal of Forensic Psychotherapy 4, no. 1 (July 25, 2022): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/ijfp.v4n1.2022.37.

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The literature on crime narratives has demonstrated the relevance of studying offenders’ personal perspectives on crime as a means to gain insight in criminal behaviour. In this exploratory study, we examine the presence of defence mechanisms in crime narratives produced by violent offenders with psychopathic traits. The Defence Mechanism Rating Scale (DMRS) is used to assess defence mechanisms in crime narratives produced by 36 male inmates. The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is used to assess psychopathic traits. Statistical analyses demonstrate the increased presence of obsessional defences (intellectualisation). The affective and lifestyle traits of psychopathy are positively associated with rationalisation. Our results indicate that psychopathic offenders tend to describe their violent crime in general and abstract terms and represent themselves as rational actors whose behaviour is normal and well-founded given the abnormal or irrational environment. We conclude that the narrative strategies deployed by offenders with psychopathic traits are characterised by defence mechanisms to deal with threats to the self.

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8

Kline, Paul. "Defence mechanisms. Their classification, correlates, and measurement with the defence mechanism inventory." Personality and Individual Differences 13, no. 9 (September 1992): 1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(92)90140-k.

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9

Turnberg, L. A. "Gastric Mucosal Defence Mechanisms." Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 20, sup110 (January 1985): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00365528509095829.

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10

Bagaric, Ante, Mihovil Bagaric, and Zvonimir Pastar. "Defence Mechanisms in Addicts." Socijalna psihijatrija 46, no. 2 (August 19, 2018): 142–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24869/spsih.2018.142.

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11

Scratcherd, T. "Gastric mucosal defence mechanisms." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2, no. 6 (November 1986): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198611000-00003.

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12

Scratcherd, T. "Gastric mucosal defence mechanisms." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 3, no. 6 (November 1987): 916–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198711000-00003.

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13

Scratcherd, T. "Gastroduodenal mucosal defence mechanisms." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 4, no. 6 (November 1988): 926–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198811000-00002.

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14

Chilvers, M. A., and C. O’Callaghan. "Local mucociliary defence mechanisms." Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 1, no. 1 (March 2000): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/prrv.2000.0009.

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15

Fokkens, W. J., and R. A. Scheeren. "Upper airway defence mechanisms." Paediatric Respiratory Reviews 1, no. 4 (December 2000): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/prrv.2000.0073.

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16

Shaw, Richard J., Maria K. Geurse, and Hans Steiner. "Defence mechanisms in schizophrenia." Personality and Mental Health 2, no. 4 (November 2008): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmh.47.

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17

Yu, Calvin Kai-Ching. "Defence mechanisms and suggestibility." Contemporary Hypnosis 23, no. 4 (2006): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ch.321.

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18

Meldau, Stefan, Matthias Erb, and Ian T. Baldwin. "Defence on demand: mechanisms behind optimal defence patterns." Annals of Botany 110, no. 8 (September 28, 2012): 1503–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs212.

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19

Zhu, Sencun, Kevin Jones, and Leandros Maglaras. "Defence Mechanisms for Public Systems." ICST Transactions on Security and Safety 4, no. 13 (January 4, 2018): 153524. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.4-1-2018.153524.

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20

Korpáš, J., and Y. Honda. "Aspects of airway defence mechanisms." Pathophysiology 3, no. 2 (May 1996): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0928-4680(96)00004-1.

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21

Song, Linsheng. "Immune defence mechanisms of bivalves." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 53 (June 2016): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.109.

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22

MIZUTANI, Junya. "Defence mechanisms in higher plants." Journal of the agricultural chemical society of Japan 62, no. 6 (1988): 983–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.62.983.

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23

Sarosiek, Jerzy, and Richard W. McCallum. "Mechanisms of oesophageal mucosal defence." Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology 14, no. 5 (October 2000): 701–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/bega.2000.0119.

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24

Buret, André. "Defence Mechanisms during Intestinal Infection." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 5, no. 1 (1991): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/210541.

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This review examines and compares host defence mechanisms during intestinal infection with three types of organisms: a virus, a bacterium and a nematode parasite (ie, transmissible gastroenteritis virus [TGEV],Helicobacter jejuniandTrichinella spiralis). Diarrhea is commonly associated with all of these infections. It appears thatT spiralisinitiates the most elaborate defence system of the three organisms, involving full range humoral and cellular immunity, as well as mucus hypersecretion, epithelial alterations, altered gut motility and parasite impairment (morphological and physiological). In contrast, intestinal defence againstH jejuniand TGEV involves fewer components. The latter seems to initiate the most rudimentary host response. Despite such differences, these mechanisms exhibit many similarities, thus further illustrating the relatively limited repertoire of defence systems that the intestine can mount. The mediators translating the insult of any intestinal pathogen into a common response deserve further investigation.

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25

Eysenck, H. J. "The development of defence mechanisms." Behaviour Research and Therapy 30, no. 3 (May 1992): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(92)90084-t.

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26

Benzie, Iris F. F. "Evolution of antioxidant defence mechanisms." European Journal of Nutrition 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003940070030.

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27

Merrill, W. "Lung defence mechanisms against infection." European Respiratory Journal 3, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 372–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.03030372.

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28

Korkmaz, Hasan, Mehdi Karasu, Metin Ateşçelik, Filiz Özsoy, and Sevda Korkmaz. "The relationship between defence mechanisms and clinical variables in myocardial infarction patients." Archives of Medical Science – Atherosclerotic Diseases 7, no. 1 (October 18, 2022): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/amsad/154594.

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IntroductionAlthough patients with myocardial infarction (MI) history exhibit individual differences, several psychological problems can be observed in these patients. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between defence mechanisms and other clinical and sociodemographic data in the early period in patients with MI history.Material and methodsSixty patients diagnosed with MI and hospitalized in the cardiology department were included in the study. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Defence Styles Questionnaire (DSQ) were applied.ResultsIt was determined that the mean BDI score of the participants was 15.9 ±11.2, and the mean BAI score was 15.98 ±10.9. There was a positive correlation between the depression and immature defence mechanism scores of the patients, and there was a negative correlation between the depression and mature defence mechanism scores of the patients (p = 0.001, r = 0.412; p = 0.005, r = –0.359). A negative correlation was determined between anxiety scores and mature defence mechanism scores (p = 0.002, r = –0. 397).ConclusionsThe findings demonstrated that depressive complaints of the post-MI patients increased as the immature defence mechanism score increased, and depressive complaints decreased as the maturity defence mechanism score increased. The correlation between the defence mechanisms adopted by MI patients and depression and anxiety symptoms should not be neglected.

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29

Chainy, Gagan Bihari Nityananda, Biswaranjan Paital, and Jagneswar Dandapat. "An Overview of Seasonal Changes in Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defence Parameters in Some Invertebrate and Vertebrate Species." Scientifica 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6126570.

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Antioxidant defence system, a highly conserved biochemical mechanism, protects organisms from harmful effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a by-product of metabolism. Both invertebrates and vertebrates are unable to modify environmental physical factors such as photoperiod, temperature, salinity, humidity, oxygen content, and food availability as per their requirement. Therefore, they have evolved mechanisms to modulate their metabolic pathways to cope their physiology with changing environmental challenges for survival. Antioxidant defences are one of such biochemical mechanisms. At low concentration, ROS regulates several physiological processes, whereas at higher concentration they are toxic to organisms because they impair cellular functions by oxidizing biomolecules. Seasonal changes in antioxidant defences make species able to maintain their correct ROS titre to take various physiological functions such as hibernation, aestivation, migration, and reproduction against changing environmental physical parameters. In this paper, we have compiled information available in the literature on seasonal variation in antioxidant defence system in various species of invertebrates and vertebrates. The primary objective was to understand the relationship between varied biological phenomena seen in different animal species and conserved antioxidant defence system with respect to seasons.

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30

Dadiani, Archil. "Traditional and Modern Mechanisms of Defence and Deterrence – Georgia’s Reality and Prospects." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 2(524) (June 6, 2022): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2022-2-154-166.

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The traditional and modern mechanisms of defence and deterrence, the Georgia’s defence capabilities and its future prospects are discussed. Moreover, the international experience, implemented reforms and practices applied to cope with modern threats are highlighted. The paper analyzes Russian-Georgian 2008 war, 1994 Russia-Chechnya War and confrontation between Israel and Hezbollah, 2006 Lebanon war. In order to support the strengthening of Georgia's defense and detrrence mechanisms, the paper presents recommendations based on scientific-analytical documents of local agencies and international organizations.

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31

Dadiani, Archil. "Traditional and Modern Mechanisms of Defence and Deterrence – Georgia’s Reality and Prospects." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 2(524) (June 6, 2022): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2022-2-154-166.

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The traditional and modern mechanisms of defence and deterrence, the Georgia’s defence capabilities and its future prospects are discussed. Moreover, the international experience, implemented reforms and practices applied to cope with modern threats are highlighted. The paper analyzes Russian-Georgian 2008 war, 1994 Russia-Chechnya War and confrontation between Israel and Hezbollah, 2006 Lebanon war. In order to support the strengthening of Georgia's defense and detrrence mechanisms, the paper presents recommendations based on scientific-analytical documents of local agencies and international organizations.

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32

Sato, Nozomu J., Kihoko Tokue, Richard A. Noske, Osamu K. Mikami, and Keisuke Ueda. "Evicting cuckoo nestlings from the nest: a new anti-parasitism behaviour." Biology Letters 6, no. 1 (September 23, 2009): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0540.

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As avian brood parasitism usually reduces hosts' reproductive success, hosts often exhibit strong defence mechanisms. While such host defences at the egg stage (especially egg rejection) have been extensively studied, defence mechanisms at the nestling stage have been reported only recently. We found a previously unknown anti-parasitism behaviour in the large-billed Gerygone, which is a host species of the little bronze-cuckoo, a host-evicting brood parasite. The hosts forcibly pulled resisting nestlings out of their nests and dumped them. Although it has been suggested that defence mechanisms at the nestling stage may evolve when host defence at the egg stage is evaded by the parasite, the studied host seems to lack an anti-parasitism strategy at the egg stage. This suggests that the evolutionary pathway may be quite different from those of previously studied cuckoo–host systems. Future research on this unique system may give us new insights into the evolution of avian brood parasitism.

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33

Cabarkapa, Milanko, and Gordana Dedic. "The onset, development, basic patterns and empirical norms of DSQ-40 psychological test." Vojnosanitetski pregled 59, no. 5 (2002): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0205507c.

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Psychological defence mechanisms represent relatively stable aspect of personality, while character and frequency of defence mechanisms which a person uses, points to the character structure of personality. Measuring psychological defence mechanisms is very difficult and very unreliable, so that only several instruments have been developed for the estimation of such characteristics. The most notable instrument of this kind in the world is DSQ-40 (Defense Style Questionnaire), which has lately been more often used in our country. As DSQ-40 is still not widely known in our environment, the aim of this study was to represent the onset and the development of this test, its basic characteristics and empirical norms acquired on our population. Examination included two examined groups in military population of male sex only: soldiers of adolescent age (n=400) and officers of the adult age (n=165). Statistical analysis and the comparison of the results with corresponding standards obtained in foreign researches showed that defence style and structure of psychological defence mechanisms were connected with socio-demographic and cultural characteristics of examinees. It was concluded that norms of the test DSQ-40 must be adjusted to the concrete population, which hasn't diminished its practical values and employment in diagnostic and selection purposes.

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34

James, Alex, Ken Morison, and Simon Todd. "A mathematical model of the defence mechanism of a bombardier beetle." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 79 (February 6, 2013): 20120801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0801.

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Previous studies of bombardier beetles have shown that some species have a continuous discharge while others exhibit a pulsed discharge. Here, a mathematical model of the defence mechanism of the bombardier beetle is developed and the hypothesis that almost all bombardiers' defences have some sort of cyclic behaviour at frequencies much higher than previously thought is put forward. The observation of pulses arises from secondary lower frequency cycles that appear for some parameter values. For realistic parameter values, the model can exhibit all the characteristics seen in the various species of bombardier. The possibility that all bombardiers have the same underlying defence mechanism gives weight to the theory that all bombardiers' explosive secretory mechanisms have diversified from a common ancestral mechanism.

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35

Schaab, Peter, Kristian Beckers, and Sebastian Pape. "Social engineering defence mechanisms and counteracting training strategies." Information & Computer Security 25, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 206–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ics-04-2017-0022.

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Purpose This paper aims to outline strategies for defence against social engineering that are missing in the current best practices of information technology (IT) security. Reason for the incomplete training techniques in IT security is the interdisciplinary of the field. Social engineering is focusing on exploiting human behaviour, and this is not sufficiently addressed in IT security. Instead, most defence strategies are devised by IT security experts with a background in information systems rather than human behaviour. The authors aim to outline this gap and point out strategies to fill the gaps. Design/methodology/approach The authors conducted a literature review from viewpoint IT security and viewpoint of social psychology. In addition, they mapped the results to outline gaps and analysed how these gaps could be filled using established methods from social psychology and discussed the findings. Findings The authors analysed gaps in social engineering defences and mapped them to underlying psychological principles of social engineering attacks, for example, social proof. Furthermore, the authors discuss which type of countermeasure proposed in social psychology should be applied to counteract which principle. The authors derived two training strategies from these results that go beyond the state-of-the-art trainings in IT security and allow security professionals to raise companies’ bars against social engineering attacks. Originality/value The training strategies outline how interdisciplinary research between computer science and social psychology can lead to a more complete defence against social engineering by providing reference points for researchers and IT security professionals with advice on how to improve training.

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36

Shittu, Hakeem Olalekan. "PLANTS’ INNATE DEFENCE MECHANISMS AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENS." Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences 9, no. 2 (September 2019): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/jmbfs.2019.9.2.314-319.

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37

Schmid-Hempel, Paul. "Function and mechanisms in defence strategies." Current Opinion in Insect Science 49 (February 2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2021.10.005.

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38

Prager, Shirley. "Defence Mechanisms and the Marital Relationship." Australasian Psychiatry 1, no. 2 (June 1993): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569309081328.

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39

Hart, C. "Defence mechanisms against infection in pregnancy." Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 12, sup1 (January 1992): S14—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01443619209044739.

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40

Sweeney, Breda, and Bernard Pierce. "Audit team defence mechanisms: auditee influence." Accounting and Business Research 41, no. 4 (September 2011): 333–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2011.559575.

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41

Wellburn, A. R., and F. A. M. Wellburn. "Gaseous pollutants and plant defence mechanisms." Biochemical Society Transactions 24, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 461–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0240461.

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42

Korpas, J. "Aspects of the airway defence mechanisms." Pathophysiology 1 (November 1994): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0928-4680(94)90226-7.

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43

Weltevreden, Evert F. "Pulmonary defence mechanisms: Damage and repair." Pharmaceutisch Weekblad Scientific Edition 11, no. 4 (August 1989): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01987951.

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44

Boldyrev, Alexander A. "Carnosine and free-radical defence mechanisms." Trends in Neurosciences 17, no. 11 (January 1994): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(94)90134-1.

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45

MACHIDA, Toyohei, and Hiroshi KIYOTA. "Synergism between defence mechanisms and chemotherapy." Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi 43, no. 6 (1988): 971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3412/jsb.43.971.

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46

BENNETT, RICHARD N., and ROGER M. WALLSGROVE. "Secondary metabolites in plant defence mechanisms." New Phytologist 127, no. 4 (August 1994): 617–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb02968.x.

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47

Deakin, J. F. William, and Frederico G. Graeff. "5-HT and mechanisms of defence." Journal of Psychopharmacology 5, no. 4 (July 1991): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026988119100500414.

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48

Katila, T. "Uterine defence mechanisms in the mare." Animal Reproduction Science 42, no. 1-4 (April 1996): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4320(96)01507-2.

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49

Alexander, John B., and George A. Ingram. "Noncellular nonspecific defence mechanisms of fish." Annual Review of Fish Diseases 2 (1992): 249–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-8030(92)90066-7.

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50

MAVROGIANNI (Β. Σ. ΜΑΥΡΟΓΙΑΝΝΗ), V. S., and G. C. FTHENAKIS (Γ. Χ. ΦΘΕΝΑΚΗΣ). "Defense mechanisms in the bovine mammary gland." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 55, no. 3 (December 6, 2017): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15099.

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In the present article the literature on the defence mechanisms of the bovine mammary gland is reviewed. The article is divided into three sections: (i) The teat, (ii) Cellular defence mechanisms (number of somatic cells, type of somatic cells, counting of somatic cells, defence role of somatic cells: macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes) and (iii) Chemoral defence mechanisms (cytokines: IL-1, IL-2, IL-8, granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor and TNF-a, immunoglobulins, complement, lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase/thiocyanate/ H 2 0 2 system, lysozyme).

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