Academic literature on the topic 'Defence force'

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Journal articles on the topic "Defence force"

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YOUSFI, Dr Safia. "THE RIGHT TO LEGITIMATE DEFENSE BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND PRACTICE IN THE PALESTINIAN AND ISRAELI CONFLICT." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 06, no. 02 (April 1, 2024): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.25.11.

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Following the flood Al-Aqsa on October 7, 2023, the Israeli- Palestinian conflict witnessed an unprecedented escalation in terms of Israel’s excessive use of force and the civilian casualties in Palestinian side. Furthermore, the majority of western countries aligned themselves with Israel under the pretext of its right to self defense. Israel and its allies have often resorted to this justification to justify repeated Israeli attacks on the Palestinian people. The Importance of researching this topic lies in the fact that legitimate self-defence is a right recognized by both international law and international humanitarian law. And it is a common denominator between the conflicting parties. Just as Israel invokes this right in its military operation, the Palestinian side also asserts right to self-defense using all available means. The objectives of the study can be summarized as follows: to research and explain the provisions related to legitimate self-defense in the united nations charter and its resolutions, as well as in the texts of Geneva Convention, particularly in the first additional protocol. This is done to understand the legal conditions and regulations associated with use of force in any conflict, which, when met, can exempt the practitioner from international responsibility. However, in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, given the defences in the legal positions of the two parties and in light of the conditions of legitimate self-defense the problem in this issue revolves around determining which party’s use force towards the other is considered a justified use falling within the realm of legitimate self defense? and what is the legal assessment of the other party using force outside the scope of legitimate self-defence?. To address this issue, this topic has been divided according to the following methodology : Firstly: the international legal system of to legitimate defense. 1- the legal basis for the right to legitimate defense. 2- conditions for the legitimacy of the right legitimate defence Secondly: legal evaluation of the use of in the Palestinian, Israel conflict under the pretext of legitimate defence. 1- the legal basis for Palestinian party’s right to legitimate defense. 2- the legal nature of Israel’s use of force against the Palestinian people
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HENK, DAN. "THE BOTSWANA DEFENCE FORCE." African Security Review 13, no. 4 (January 2004): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2004.9627322.

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Zetocha, Karel. "Modular Force Structure: Risk for NATO Common Defence?" Vojenské rozhledy 28, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3849/2336-2995.28.2019.01.048-058.

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le Roux, Len. "Defining defence requirements: Force design considerations for the South African National Defence Force." African Security Review 8, no. 5 (January 1999): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1999.9627764.

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Nyambuya, Michael. "NATIONAL DEFENCE: THE EXPERIENCE OF THE ZIMBABWE DEFENCE FORCE." African Security Review 5, no. 3 (January 1996): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1996.9627813.

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Baldino, Daniel, and Andrew Carr. "Defence diplomacy and the Australian defence force: smokescreen or strategy?" Australian Journal of International Affairs 70, no. 2 (January 12, 2016): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2015.1113229.

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GRAYSTON, NEIL. "THE REFORM AND EVOLUTION OF THE SLOVENIAN ARMED FORCES – A VIEW FROM ABROAD." CONTEMPORARY MILITARY CHALLENGES, Volume 2019 Issue 21/3 (September 3, 2019): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33179/bsv.99.svi.11.cmc.21.3.9.

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Abstract The Republic of Slovenia has been a member of NATO for 15 years. In preparing for NATO membership the Slovenian Armed Forces (SAF) were required to prepare for radical change, from a territorial defence force to one that could contribute to NATO missions. The need for change became even more significant after the government decision in 2002 to end conscription and move to a fully professional SAF. A revised force structure for the SAF was agreed in 2003, prior to Slovenia joining NATO in 2004. Progress in developing the SAF in the first five years of NATO membership, while encountering a number of challenges, showed a positive trend, with a commensurate increase in defence expenditure. In the following five years the economic crisis which affected most NATO countries had a particularly damaging effect on the continued development of the SAF, with very severe reductions in defence expenditure. Today, after 15 years of NATO membership, the SAF has still not recovered from the cuts made in defence spending. Spending remains close to 1.0% of GDP and is inadequate to support the force plans of the SAF. The SAF is unable to make an effective contribution to NATO and a decision needs to be made on the future size and shape of the SAF which matches plans for future defence expenditure. Key words NATO, Slovenia, Professionalization, Defence Planning, Defence Expenditure, Missions, Force Structure, Democratic Control.
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Palchetti, Paolo. "Armed Attack against the Military Force of an International Organization and Use of Force in Self-Defence by a Troop-Contributing State: A Tentative Legal Assessment of an Unlikely Scenario." International Organizations Law Review 7, no. 2 (2010): 241–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157237410x543350.

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AbstractIf the military force of an international organization is made the object of a military attack by a State, that international organization may be regarded as being entitled to use force in self-defence. However, since the forces of international organizations are generally composed of national contingents which States put at the disposal of the international organizations, the question may be raised as to whether, in case of an armed attack against such forces, the sending State would also be entitled to use force in self-defence to protect its national contingent. This question, which was addressed, albeit in a very cursory manner, in the 2009 Report of the EU Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on the Conflict in Georgia, has to be answered taking into account the status of national contingents as organs of the sending States. By attaching relevance to the contingent's dual status and to the rationale underlying the rule on self-defence, this study argues that whenever the national contingent is made the object of an armed attack the possibility for the sending State to invoke self-defence cannot be excluded. In particular, the invocability of self-defence by the sending State should be admitted in those cases in which the armed attack is clearly aimed at targeting that State.
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Sharwood, P. F. "IF01�AUSTRALIAN DEFENCE FORCE EDUCATION PROGRAMS." ANZ Journal of Surgery 79 (May 2009): A47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2009.04921_1.x.

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Gulam, Hyder. "Disability and the Australian Defence Force." Alternative Law Journal 29, no. 4 (August 2004): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0402900407.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Defence force"

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Murphy, Lee. "The Japanese self defence force : a force in transition 1990-2001 /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arm9783.pdf.

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Bridges, Donna V., University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Humanities. "The gendered battlefield : women in the Australian Defence Force." THESIS_CAESS_HUM_Bridges_D.xml, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/471.

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This thesis seeks to understand and critically discuss gender inequalities in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) as a barrier to full integration. This is achieved through an exploration of current literature, policy and legal documents, and from the point of view of a sample of ADF women. The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether constructions of gender devalue, exclude and therefore oppress women in the ADF and to determine whether constructions of gender legitimise the subordinate position of female personnel within the ADF. The study locates the ‘voices’, the experiences, and opinions of a group of female ADF personnel in order to hear from the ‘central’ players. The thesis contributes to current debates by: providing a platform for female members of the ADF to relate their experiences and opinions, thereby, giving a voluntary voice to women who are often not heard from in the debates; providing a feminist perspective -which in the Australian context is scant, as Australian feminisms have been reluctant to approach this controversial area; providing a critical perspective that is complementary to in-house research, through conducting the research from a position outside the ADF. The aims of the research are to explore the culture of the ADF, with the purpose of illustrating the underlying causes of barriers to full integration. It aims to understand where unequal treatment arises from, how inequity manifests, how this impacts on women, and how ADF resources are ultimately misused by the excluding of women from certain employments. Coming from a pacifist position I originally wanted to know why women would want to join the ADF, this question was easily answered through the beginning phases of the research. Through the research fieldwork I was led in the direction of focusing on the gendered nature of Defence culture. Government and ADF policy on combat exclusions I found to be a barrier to integration that impact upon career progression in the ADF. The research further revealed a disturbing realisation that Australian women continue to be denied full citizenship rights and responsibilities due to the inequities of restrictions on military service. The research led to the finding that women are excluded from roles in the ADF based on the mythology that women’s service is inferior to that of males. Issues presented in the arguments for cohesion, physical strength, and protectionism are military myths that seek to continue to exclude from positions of leadership, prestige and power in the ADF. Women’s current and potential roles in combat and peacekeeping are presented in the thesis as ultimate case studies revealing how women are denied equal employment rights in the ADF
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Louw, Gerhard Martin. "South African defence policy and capability : the case of the South African National Defence Force." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85766.

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Thesis (MMil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Armed forces the world over have three primary functions — force development, force deployment and force employment. Defence policy plays a guiding role in all of these, but is especially important in establishing the rationale for the creation of those military capabilities that force development brings about. The end of the Cold War, which coincided with a new political dispensation in South Africa, also gave rise to a new security paradigm: a theory implying both a reduction in the utility of military force, and an adjustment in the use of military forces. This phenomenon changed the context within which states generate modern defence policy, but did not affect the causal relationship between policy publications and the outcomes of a military’s force development activities. Usually, a defence policy presupposes the development of armed forces that are effective and efficient at executing their mandate — a condition that is measurable in terms of the organisation’s levels integration, skill, quality and responsiveness. The thesis uses this concept, both as a point of departure and as a structural organising device, to describe the variance between defence policy and military capabilities. A general analysis of South Africa’s defence policy publications indicates that, indeed, the policymakers had thoroughly considered the armed forces’ effectiveness when they wrote the White Paper (1996) and the Defence Review (1998). By 2006, the South African Army has interpreted national defence policy and formulated a future strategy of its own, very much in alignment with the ‘modern system’ approach of the original policy publications. However, further analysis of the actual capabilities of the South African National Defence Force indicates a major variance between the relevant defence policy publications, the military’s force development outcomes, and the present demands of the South African security environment. There appears to be quite serious deficiencies in the attribute of integration, which arise primarily from political influences; furthermore, the military’s quality is under strain, mainly because of the defence force’s seeming inability to formulate a strategy that is not only acceptable, but also suitable and feasible. While the armed forces appear to be skilful enough to execute their present (peacetime) missions, success in the type of operations that policy demands is unlikely. In summary, the study suggests that the principal reason for the large variance between defence policy, military capabilities, and real operational demands stems from defence’s lack of responsiveness to its resource constraints and operational realities. The thesis therefore concludes that the defence force has been largely unsuccessful in complying with the demands of defence policy, irrespective of the fact that the policy by itself may be obsolete and/or inappropriate for the South African context; furthermore, that military effectiveness in meeting current operational demands is also doubtful. Finally, the defence force’s schizophrenic organisational culture may be the primary cause of it moving ever closer to reneging on its constitutional mandate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gewapende magte wêreldwyd het drie primêre funksies — magsontwikkeling, magsontplooiing en magsaanwending. Verdedigingsbeleid vervul ‘n rigtinggewende rol in al hierdie funksies, maar is veral belangrik om die skepping van die militêre vermoëns, wat deur magsontwikkelingsaktiwiteite daargestel word, te regverdig. Gevolglik beoog hierdie tesis om die mate van ooreenkoms tussen die voorskrifte van Suid-Afrikaanse verdedigingsbeleid en die werklike militêre vermoëns van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag te beskryf, soos dit ontwikkel het tussen 2000 en 2011. Die einde van die Koue Oorlog (samelopend met die totstandkoming van ‘n nuwe bedeling in Suid-Afrika) het geboorte gegee aan nuwe denke betreffende veiligheid, wat ook ‘n afname in die nuttigheid van militêre mag en ‘n aanpassing in die aanwending van militêre magte tot gevolg gehad het. Hierdie verskynsel het die omgewing waarbinne moderne state verdedigingsbeleid ontwikkel verander, maar nie die kousale verband tussen beleidspublikasies en die uitkomste van ‘n weermag se magsontwikkelingsaktiwiteite aangeraak nie. Gewoonlik veronderstel ‘n verdedigingsbeleid die ontwikkeling van gewapende magte wat doeltreffend en doelmatig is in die uitvoering van hul mandaat — ‘n toestand wat meetbaar is in terme van die organisasie se vlakke van integrasie, vaardigheid, kwaliteit, en hul vermoë om toepaslik op omgewigsinvloede te reageer. Die tesis gebruik hierdie konsep, beide as ‘n vertrekpunt en as ‘n strukturele ordeningsmeganisme, en om die verskille tussen verdedigingsbeleid en militêre vermoëns te beskryf. ‘n Algemene ontleding van Suid-Afrika se verdedigingsbeleidspublikasies toon dat, met die skryf van die Witskrif (1996) en Verdedigingsoorsig (1998), beleidmakers wel deeglike oorweging geskenk het aan die weermag se doeltreffenheid; so ook die Suid-Afrikaanse Leër, wat teen 2006 sy eie toekomsstrategie die lig laat sien het. Desnieteenstaande getuig verdere ontleding van die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasional Weermag se werklike vermoëns van diepgaande verskille tussen verbandhoudende beleidspublikasies, die weermag se ontwikkelingsuitkomste, en die huidige eise van die Suid-Afrikaanse veiligheidsomgewing. Dit wil voorkom asof daar ernstige integrasie-leemtes is, komende hoofsaaklik vanuit die politieke omgewing; verder is die gewapende magte se kwaliteit onder druk, hoofsaaklik vanweë die weermag se onvermoë om ‘n strategie te formuleer wat gelyktydig aanvaarbaar, geskik en uitvoerbaar is. Die gewapende magte mag dalk vaardig genoeg wees om hul huidige (vredestydse) take te verrig, maar dit is te betwyfel of hulle suksesvol sal wees in die voer van die tipe operasies soos beleid voorgeskryf. Ter opsomming dui die studie aan dat die groot verskille tussen verdedigingsbeleid, militêre vermoëns en werklike operasionel eise voor die deur van ‘n gebrek aan doelmatige aanpassing by hulpbrontekorte en operasionele werklikhede gelê kan word. Die tesis maak dus die gevolgtrekking dat die weermag grootliks onsuksesvol was om aan die vereistes van verdedigingsbeleid te voldoen, ongeag die feit dat verdedigingsbeleid op sigself verouderderd en/of ontoepaslik binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks mag wees; verder, dat militêre effektiwiteit ter voldoening aan huidige operasionele eise tans ook verdag is. Ten slotte is die weermag se tweeslagtige organisasiekultuur moontlik die belangrikste oorsaak van die neiging na die versaking van verdediging se grondwetlike mandaat.
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Bridges, Donna V. "The gendered battlefield : women in the Australian Defence Force." Thesis, View Thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/471.

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This thesis seeks to understand and critically discuss gender inequalities in the Australian Defence Force (ADF) as a barrier to full integration. This is achieved through an exploration of current literature, policy and legal documents, and from the point of view of a sample of ADF women. The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether constructions of gender devalue, exclude and therefore oppress women in the ADF and to determine whether constructions of gender legitimise the subordinate position of female personnel within the ADF. The study locates the ‘voices’, the experiences, and opinions of a group of female ADF personnel in order to hear from the ‘central’ players. The thesis contributes to current debates by: providing a platform for female members of the ADF to relate their experiences and opinions, thereby, giving a voluntary voice to women who are often not heard from in the debates; providing a feminist perspective -which in the Australian context is scant, as Australian feminisms have been reluctant to approach this controversial area; providing a critical perspective that is complementary to in-house research, through conducting the research from a position outside the ADF. The aims of the research are to explore the culture of the ADF, with the purpose of illustrating the underlying causes of barriers to full integration. It aims to understand where unequal treatment arises from, how inequity manifests, how this impacts on women, and how ADF resources are ultimately misused by the excluding of women from certain employments. Coming from a pacifist position I originally wanted to know why women would want to join the ADF, this question was easily answered through the beginning phases of the research. Through the research fieldwork I was led in the direction of focusing on the gendered nature of Defence culture. Government and ADF policy on combat exclusions I found to be a barrier to integration that impact upon career progression in the ADF. The research further revealed a disturbing realisation that Australian women continue to be denied full citizenship rights and responsibilities due to the inequities of restrictions on military service. The research led to the finding that women are excluded from roles in the ADF based on the mythology that women’s service is inferior to that of males. Issues presented in the arguments for cohesion, physical strength, and protectionism are military myths that seek to continue to exclude from positions of leadership, prestige and power in the ADF. Women’s current and potential roles in combat and peacekeeping are presented in the thesis as ultimate case studies revealing how women are denied equal employment rights in the ADF
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Bridges, Donna V. "The gendered battlefield women in the Australian Defence Force /." View Thesis, 2005. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20060210.095046/index.html.

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Vermaak, JIC, and L. Fourie. "Continuous performance improvement in the South African National Defence Force." The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001286.

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Abstract: This article concentrates on the South African National Defence Force (SANDF), as a South African public sector department, its acceptance of the Batho Pele principles and the implementation of various organisational performance improvement programmes. However, despite accepting the principles and the programmes, it is uncertain whether the SANDF institutionalised them in order to effect continuous performance improvement.
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Vermaak, JCI, and L. Fourie. "Continuous performance improvement in the South African National Defence Force." The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001365.

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Abstract: This article concentrates on the South African National Defence Force (SANDF), as a South African public sector department, its acceptance of the Batho Pele principles and the implementation of various organisational performance improvement programmes. However, despite accepting the principles and the programmes, it is uncertain whether the SANDF institutionalised them in order to effect continuous performance improvement.
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Vermaak, JIC, and W. Fourie L. De. "Continuous performance improvement in the South African National Defence Force." The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa, 2007. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001451.

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Abstract: This article concentrates on the South African National Defence Force (SANDF), as a South African public sector department, its acceptance of the Batho Pele principles and the implementation of various organisational performance improvement programmes. However, despite accepting the principles and the programmes, it is uncertain whether the SANDF institutionalised them in order to effect continuous performance improvement.
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Kitunen, Anna K. "Healthy Eating in The Australian Defence Force: A Segmentation Study." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/393609.

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Australia has faced the growing problem of overweight and obesity along with other developed countries and almost two thirds of Australians are considered to be overweight or obese (Sturgiss, van Weel, Ball, Jansen, & Douglas, 2017). The surrounding environment encouraging excessive food intake and discouraging physical activity is the main cause for the current overweight and obesity epidemic (Velema, Vyth, & Steenhuis, 2017). Studies show that Australian Military personnel are no exception, even though considered as physically fit, they possess poor dietary habits (Booth & Coad, 2001; Forbes-Ewan, Probert, Booth, & Coad, 2008; Skiller, Booth, Coad, & Forbes-Ewan, 2005) and the occurrence of obesity is similar when compared to the general Australian population (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2010). There is a pressing need for effective programs that can accomplish positive behaviour change to decrease the incidence of overweight and obesity in the Australian Defence Force. Social marketing is a discipline that applies commercial marketing techniques and concepts to improve the welfare of individuals and/or society by centring program design on individuals and an understanding of the environment in which they are located (Gordon, 2011). At its core the planning, analysis, execution and evaluation of social marketing programs is designed to influence the behaviour of target audiences (Andreasen, 2003; Lefebvre, 2013; Rundle-Thiele, 2015). In recent years social marketing has been used to increase healthful eating behaviour, mainly among children and adolescents (Keihner et al., 2011; Rosi et al., 2016; Young, Anderson, Beckstrom, Bellows, & Johnson, 2004), with relatively few interventions focusing on targeting young adults (Carins & Rundle-Thiele, 2014b). Andreasen’s (2002) social marketing benchmark criteria offers a useful guide to specify the extent that social marketing is employed within a change intervention and it includes six benchmarks namely behavioural change, formative research, segmentation, the use of marketing mix, exchange and competition. The National Social Marketing Centre (NSMC) extended the benchmark criteria by including eight elements, namely behaviour change, audience orientation, insight, segmentation, exchange, marketing mix, theory and competition (French & Blair- Stevens, 2006). This research includes consumer orientation, insight and healthful eating behaviour and is focussed on segmentation and theory. Segmentation is a process that groups target audiences into somewhat homogenous subgroups, or segments, and handles each segment separately based on the wants, needs and behaviours of the segments (Moss, Kirby, & Donodeo, 2009). Research shows that social marketing is more effective when more of the social marketing benchmarks are used (Carins & Rundle-Thiele, 2014b) and that segmentation is one of the least applied benchmarks (Kubacki, Rundle-Thiele, Lahtinen, & Parkinson, 2015). Segmentation discovers patterns of needs, wants and behaviours among groups within one target population and according to segmentation theory, different strategies should be tailored to each group to extend uptake (Donovan & Henley, 2010). Researchers have found that a better outcome may be produced when a program includes different strategies designed for different segments providing solutions that are more closely aligned to segment needs and wants (Dietrich, Rundle‐Thiele, Leo, & Connor, 2015). Theory offers a structured framework that can guide researchers and practitioners in the development and implementation of social marketing programs. Researchers have found that theory use is essential to accomplish successful programs (Eagle et al., 2013; Lefebvre, 2000). However, research shows that theory use in social marketing is rare (Luca & Suggs, 2013; Truong, 2014; Truong & Dang, 2017) and when theory use is reported its application is mainly weak (Pang, Kubacki, & Rundle-Thiele, 2017; Willmott, Pang, Rundle-Thiele, & Badejo, 2019). This thesis aims to test the replicability of theory-driven segments for healthful eating in young adult samples. This thesis begins by understanding the previously used segmentation bases and how (if at all) theory has been applied in social marketing healthful eating studies. Additionally, this thesis empirically tests the Motivation, Opportunity and Ability (MOA) framework in two young adult healthful eating contexts. More specifically, the aim of this research is to test if theory-driven healthful eating segments emerge from two young adult samples and to understand how each segment identified can be engaged to participate in a healthful eating program. To accomplish the aims of this research, two studies were conducted. Study 1 examined whether unique theory-driven segments emerged from a young adult sample. This study aimed to investigate which segmentation bases have previously been used to inform segment solutions; and apply the MOA framework (Rothschild, 1999) to determine if segments are evident in a young adult population. Post-hoc segmentation was used to establish the number and characteristics of segments with two-step cluster analysis. The findings from Study 1 indicate that the MOA framework can be used to explain healthful eating behaviour and two distinct segments were revealed with education, motivation to eat healthily and the Turconi eating behaviour score being the most important variables in segment formation. This study provides evidence of the value of including behavioural theory in segment formation. Study 2 was an empirical replication study that aimed to investigate to what extent similar healthful eating segments can be derived in two young adult populations. In line with replication principles Study 2 followed procedures applied in Study 1. The same segmentation variables were used to establish the number and characteristics of the segments. The findings from Study 2 indicate that the MOA framework once again explains eating behaviour in the second young adult sample and similar to Study 1 education was the most important variable. While the segment structure is similar to Study 1, differences were clear. Notably, the number of segments increased from two to three. The key outcome of this study is that care should be taken for segment identification given the number of segments differs in two different young adult populations. This research contributes to literature in four ways. First, this thesis identified segmentation bases that have previously been used by social marketers to derive segments and it identifies theories that have previously been used to inform segment solutions. Second, this thesis delivers a clear case study demonstrating that theory-informed segments exist within target populations. Application of a theoretically derived segmentation process can identify groups that have demonstrably different needs, wants and behaviours delivering actionable insights to inform program planning. Third, this thesis demonstrates the importance of generating a segmentation based profile in new young adult target populations given that differences emerge. Finally, this thesis delivers a practical contribution establishing how the segmentation process can be used to understand how each segment can be engaged to participate in a healthful eating program. Limitations and futures research directions are outlined.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept of Marketing
Griffith Business School
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Young, Marie Elizabeth Magdalena. "Stress management through therapeutic recreation in the Botswana Defence Force." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40276.

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Military staff are repeatedly exposed to stressful and unpleasant traumatic life events. These can cause psychological injury, leading to mental and emotional stress. The stigma of mental health problems in military settings runs deeper than in civil society. Being admitted with mental health problems while serving can be a career stopper, but at times can also be associated with cowardice or malingering. It is the primary responsibility of the military to maintain and promote high military/combat readiness among staff. The change in focus of modern military forces, such as the Botswana Defence Force (BDF), with units being deployed more often, places greater demands on troops. Such operations call for increased training exercises, planning sessions and equipment inspections. Training emphasizes discipline and integrity as the core values of the BDF. These form a foundation for healthy and successful coping strategies. The morale of employees is the starting point for measuring their wellness. Morale in the military is embedded in the fitness programs. These are biased towards military training, creating physical fitness, mental alertness and the qualities of military preparedness. The programs are normally involuntary, mandated through the commander, and form part of a soldier‘s military duties. Military recreation, morale and welfare programs were introduced as a way to provide soldiers with the opportunity to relax and rejuvenate. Recreation serves as a powerful tool for achieving an optimal experience, motivating people to change and improve their health and wellness. The problem identified for this study was that members of the BDF were exposed to situations in a military context, as well as in their personal lives, which caused stress. It was postulated that BDF members had little knowledge or the resources to utilize appropriate recreation-related coping strategies. The study aimed primarily to explore the use of sport and recreation activities in military settings as means to reduce and manage stress. To achieve this goal, it was necessary first to determine the current sport and recreation participation of BDF staff members, then to assess their existing stress levels, their overall psychological well-being, and any dysfunctional behaviours resulting from stress. On the basis of these findings, a Therapeutic Recreation Stress Management Intervention Model was proposed, designed to reduce stress and promote the psychological well-being of BDF members. A survey was carried out using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the collected data, offering a basic description of the data through frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, variances and relationships. Inferential statistics were used to draw conclusions from the data collected, giving the various factors. The results revealed that the BDF was a male-dominated institution, recruiting soldiers between the ages of 18 and 44, most of whom had some level of education. Most of the staff members came from the lower ranks and had experienced one or more deployments since being recruited into the military. The results further indicated that BDF staff members participated in sport and recreation activities, reflecting an active and healthy lifestyle, with satisfactory levels of involvement. Analysis of stress responses revealed that members experienced stress and that this was related not just to operational or non-operational military stressors but also to personal stressors resulting from their social, financial or emotional conditions. Members of the BDF did not receive the necessary social support from family members and friends to cope with these stressors. The findings on stress in relation to sport and recreation participation revealed that BDF members were intrinsically motivated to embrace healthy lifestyles which could contribute to lower levels of stress. This could even lead to a decrease in stress, supporting the literature which indicates that engaging in physical activities, as part of living a healthy lifestyle, might lead to a reduction in stress levels. The results on the stress-coping measures used by BDF members revealed that recreation activities were deliberately used to cope with stress. Although physical exercise was used as a way of coping with stress, sedentary recreation activities were more prevalent among BDF members. Positive stress-coping measures were adopted by respondents, contrary to the findings of previous studies which indicated that military staff adopted dysfunctional behaviour as a coping measure (e.g. excessive drinking) that formed part of the military culture. The stress-coping abilities of BDF members differed in terms of personal and military demographics from those of previous studies, posting a new contribution to military literature. The results further revealed that BDF members were not sufficiently skilled in coping with stress during military training. This study concluded that the Botswana Defence Force is no different from other military forces, experiencing operational and non-operational stress, as well as personal stress, which need to be addressed. Recommendations were made for further research on stress in military contexts and further guidelines were suggested to the BDF on the use of sport and recreation, together with more specific therapeutic recreation, as ways to reduce stress. A Therapeutic Recreation Stress Management Intervention Model was recommended for further testing in the BDF, as well as in other military forces.
Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Biokinetics, Sport and Leisure Sciences
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Books on the topic "Defence force"

1

Australia. Defence 2000: Our future defence force. [Canberra]: Defence Publishing Service, 2000.

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Bōeichō, Jieitai: Japan Defence Agency, Japan Defence Force. Tōkyō: Kaya Shobō, 1990.

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(Japan), Bōei Kenkyūkai, ed. Bōeichō, Jieitai: Japan Defence Agency, Japan Defence Force. Tōkyō: Kaya Shobō, 1990.

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Making the Australian Defence Force. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 2001.

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Australia. Parliament. Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence, and Trade. The Australian Defence Force reserves. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1991.

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Granger, David. National defence: A brief history of the Guyana Defence Force, 1965-2005. Georgetown, Guyana: Free Press, 2005.

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Botswana. Botswana Defence Force: Chapter 21:05. Gaborone: Govt. Printer, 1987.

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New Zealand. Office of the Auditor-General. New Zealand Defence Force: The civilianisation project. Wellington [N.Z.]: Office of the Auditor-General, 2013.

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Forsyth, D. R. King's commendations, military recipients, Union Defence Force. Aldermaston: Roberts MedalsPublications, 1991.

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Speed, F. W. Command structure of the Australian Defence Force. Canberra: Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Defence force"

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Henk, Dan. "The Botswana Defence Force." In The Botswana Defense Force in the Struggle for an African Environment, 31–47. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230610446_3.

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Heier, Tormod. "Britain’s Joint Expeditionary Force: A Force of Friends?" In The United Kingdom’s Defence After Brexit, 189–214. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97169-8_8.

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Singh, Jaswant. "Defence Spending and Force Structure." In Defending India, 213–64. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27191-7_4.

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Williams, Geoffrey Lee, and Alan Lee Williams. "Britain and the Third Force Syndrome." In The European Defence Initiative, 15–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07825-7_2.

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Everts, Philip P. "The Software of Defence Conversion — a Paradigm Shift?" In Democracy and Military Force, 70–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509863_5.

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Ostermann, Falk, Florian Böller, Flemming J. Christiansen, Fabrizio Coticchia, Daan Fonck, Anna Herranz-Surrallés, Juliet Kaarbo, et al. "Voting on the use of armed force *." In Research Methods in Defence Studies, 170–88. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, [2020]: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429198236-10.

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Allison, Roy. "Soviet Policy on Conventional Force Reductions." In Radical Reform in Soviet Defence Policy, 161–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21722-9_7.

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Siammas, Marios. "Cyprus Volunteer Force: Local Forces in Defence of the Island." In Cyprus and its Regiment in the Second World War, 41–69. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44149-3_3.

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Kölbel, Max. "Literal Force: A Defence of Conventional Assertion." In New Waves in Philosophy of Language, 108–37. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230248588_7.

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Lain, Russell. "Forensic Identification in the Australian Defence Force." In Legal and Forensic Medicine, 545–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32338-6_160.

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Conference papers on the topic "Defence force"

1

Finn, Anthony, Greg Chalmers, and Adrian Pincombe. "Force level EW in the Australian Defence Force." In Aerospace/Defense Sensing, Simulation, and Controls, edited by Raja Suresh. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.438309.

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Lama, Carlos E., and Joe E. Fagan. "Joint force protection advanced security system (JFPASS) "the future of force protection: integrate and automate"." In SPIE Europe Security + Defence, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.829443.

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BICZYK, Adam. "THE CONTEMPORARY NATURE AND FUTURE OF TERRITORIAL DEFENCE BASED ON AN ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT CONFLICT IN UKRAINE." In SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of "Henri Coanda" Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2022.23.6.

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Throughout human history, the aspect of territorial defence has changed. With the current conflict, in which one country invades another, it is possible to see certain factors in territorial defence that play a key role in carrying out effective defence actions. Due to the changes that conflicts bring, it is also possible to deduce which factors will play a central role in territorial defence in the future. The aim of this paper is to analyse and identify both contemporary and future possibilities for the development of territorial defence. The main research problem of the paper is: What elements will play a key role during territorial defence? For the realization of such an aim and providing answers to research problems, methods of analysis of the current conflict in Ukraine were applied, especially the means used by the Ukrainian side/
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MECLEA, Mihai-Alin, Liviu GĂINĂ, and Mircea BOȘCOIANU. "THE PRACTICAL LIMITS OF DIGITALIZATION IN MILITARY AIR DEFENCE." In SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of "Henri Coanda" Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2022.23.13.

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Digitalization involves a collective technological progress and a transformation process. Digitalization in the military environment has acquired new perspectives. The level of digitalization of different armies across Europe is not very well known but can be intuited. New current concepts such as AI - artificial intelligence, Internet of Things - IoT, blockchain, big data, Machine learning, augmented reality, virtual reality, extended reality, mixed reality, quantum computing, will be included in the existing military ones (e.g., C4I2SR). Even if the technological advance has increased in the military, the limits of digitalization are referring to the human factor. Reaching the limits of digitalization in the sphere of air defense forces us to design a non- digital backup plan.
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MILANDRU, Marius. "THE IMPORTANCE OF GOODS AND SERVICES REQUISITION PROCESS IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST." In SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE. Publishing House of “Henri Coanda” Air Force Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2021.22.3.

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Preparing the national economy and territory for defence is an important component in ensuring national security and, in the current geopolitical and military context, it is carried out in peacetime and involves the capitalization of human, material and financial resources in order to ensure the continuity of socio-economic processes and to satisfy the need for defence resources when a state of mobilisation or war is established. Thus, defence forces must be have a full range of resources at their disposal, depending on their specific needs, so that when a crisis, threat or aggression against the state arises, they should be able to carry out their specific missions. Based on the need to make resources available to national defence institutions in extreme situations that endanger the integrity or proper functioning of the State, one of the ways of ensuring the provision of resources is the requisition of goods and services in the public interest.
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Lapkova, Dora, Milan Adamek, and Zuzana Kominkova Oplatkova. "Analysis Of Direct Punch Force In Professional Defence." In 29th Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2015-0564.

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"Baselining the whole-of-force capability and capacity of the Australian Defence Force." In 23rd International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM2019). Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2019.b3.peacock.

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Cook, Stephen C., and Jaci M. Pratt. "Towards designing innovative SoSE approaches for the Australian defence force." In 2014 9th International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SOSE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sysose.2014.6892504.

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"Consideration of enabling and enterprise functions within Defence force design." In 24th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2021.m8.boyce.

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Lapkova, Dora, Michal Pluhacek, and Milan Adamek. "Using Artificial Neural Network for Force Profile Analysis in Professional Defence." In 2014 International Conference on Mathematics and Computers in Sciences and in Industry (MCSI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcsi.2014.61.

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Reports on the topic "Defence force"

1

Hoglin, Phillip. Respite (Dwell) Periods in the Australian Defence Force. Australian Army Research Centre, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61451/267503.

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Wing, Ian. The Australian Defence Force: Broadened Concepts of Security Operations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada386066.

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DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD WASHINGTON DC. Joint U.S. Defense Science Board, UK Defence Scientific Advisory Council Task Force on Defense Critical Technologies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada446196.

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Rangobana, Samuel A., and Hussain K. Alkebaisi. Was It Really Worth Pain? Refurbishment of Mercedes-Benz Trucks by Botswana Defence Force. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443274.

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Kelsall, Helen, Natasha Kinsman, Dee Tomic, and Karen Walker-Bone. Gender and health in Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel 2002-2023: A systematic review and synthesis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.2.0077.

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Kelsall, Helen, Natasha Kinsman, Dee Tomic, and Karen Walker-Bone. Affective disorders including depression in Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel 2002-2023: A systematic review of incidence, prevalence and risk factors. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.2.0078.

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King, Kylie, Angela Nicholas, Karolina Krysinska, Anna Ross, and Jane Pirkis. Suicide prevention for men. The Sax Institute, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/gzxb5988.

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This review aims to support program design, review, and development of suicide prevention initiatives targeting men; specifically male veterans and defence force personnel, separated men, and men who have experienced sexual assault. It aims to address two questions for each group: a) What is known about the risk of suicide? and b) What programs or interventions have been effective in reducing the risk of suicide? The review found a higher risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and suicide deaths in all groups but few prevention interventions targeting them. Further research is needed into how interactions with other factors (e.g. substance use, financial stress) contribute to this increased risk along with evaluation of implemented programs and research into the pathways to suicide by men in these groups.
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Ahola, Michael J. To Defend the Temple: Innovation in the Israeli Defense Force. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443516.

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Alsiri, Faisal M. Gulf Cooperation Council: Arabian Gulf Cooperation Continues Defense Forces (Peninsula Shield Force). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada623449.

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Blair, Dennis, Mike Carns, and Vince Vitto. Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on Future Strategic Strike Forces. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada421606.

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