Relevant bibliographies by topics / Defects

Academic literature on the topic 'Defects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Defects.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Defects"

1

Mostovoy, Sergey, and Oleg Pavlovsky. "Simulation of lattice statistical models with defects: Critical Casimir Effect." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817503005.

Full text
Abstract:
The influence of lattice structure defects on phase transition phenomena was studied in framework of 2D spin model. Effective mass of defect was proposed for investigation of conformal properties of the model at critical point. The volume dependence of defect’s mass at critical point and the Critical Casimir interaction of two defects were studied. It was shown that this Casimir interaction is attraction for any value of hopping parameter. The confinement of the defect on the defects line and the process of defects line collapse were studied. Applications in nanophysics and biophysics were discussed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Garabano, Germán, César Pesciallo, Alfredo Montero Vinces, Diego José Gómez, Fernando Bidolegui, and Alberto Cid Casteulani. "Defectos óseos segmentarios infectados en huesos largos: tratamiento con técnica de Masquelet.[Masquelet technique for the treatment of infected segmental long-bone defects]." Revista de la Asociación Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatología 84, no. 1 (February 20, 2019): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15417/issn.1852-7434.2019.84.1.853.

Full text
Abstract:
Introducción: Los defectos óseos segmentarios infectados son entidades de complejo tratamiento. La técnica de Masquelet representa una alternativa para estos casos. El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo, multicéntrico fue mostrar los resultados clínicos y radiológicos obtenidos con esta técnica de reconstrucción en defectos óseos segmentarios infectados de fémur y tibia, caracterizar los defectos tratados y describir los diferentes aspectos de la técnica quirúrgica.Materiales y Métodos: Analizamos a 24 pacientes (14 hombres y 10 mujeres; edad promedio 36.16 años [rango 18-67]) tratados con la técnica de Masquelet, operados entre 2011 y 2016. El seguimiento promedio fue de 16.5 meses (rango 12-27) desde el segundo tiempo quirúrgico. Se analizaron el hueso afectado, la longitud del defecto (en cm), el tiempo de consolidación y el control del proceso infeccioso.Resultados: La longitud del defecto óseo tratado fue, en promedio, de 5,7 cm (rango 3-12), fue superior a 4 cm en el 50% de los casos, el defecto óseo segmentario de mayor tamaño en la tibia fue de 12 cm y de 10 cm en el fémur. Se logró la consolidación ósea en todos los casos, en 4.5 meses. Un paciente presentó una recidiva del proceso infeccioso a los 12 meses de la consolidación.Conclusiones: La técnica de Masquelet o de la membrana inducida ofrece una alternativa razonable y sencilla para un problema altamente desafiante como son los defectos óseos segmentario infectados. La tasa de consolidación es superior al 90% aun en casos complejos. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Infected segmental bone defects are challenging conditions which require a complex treatment. The Masquelet technique is an alternative for these cases. The aim of this retrospective, multicenter study was to show the clinical and radiological outcomes achieved with the use of this reconstruction technique in infected femoral and tibial segmental defects in order to characterize the defects treated and describe different aspects of this surgical approach.Methods: We analyzed 24 patients (14 men and 10 women; average age 36.16 years [range 18-67]) treated with the Masquelet technique between 2011 and 2016. The average follow-up was 16.5 months (range 12-27) from the second surgical stage. We analyzed the affected bone, defect length (cm), consolidation time and infection control.Results: Average length of treated bone defect was 5.7 cm (range 3-12), exceeding 4 cm in 50% of the cases. The largest segmental bone defect was 12 cm at the tibia and 10 cm at the femur. Bone consolidation was achieved in all cases, on an average of 4.5 months. One patient presented a recurrent infection 12 months after successful consolidation.Conclusions: The Masquelet technique, or induced membrane technique, offers a reasonable and simple alternative to a highly challenging problem, such as infected segmental bone defects, achieving a consolidation rate greater than 90% even in complex cases.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Pond, R. C. "TEM studies of line defects in interfaces." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 586–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100104996.

Full text
Abstract:
Line defects are ubiquitious features in interfaces, and have important structural and mechanistic role. Recently, a crystallographic theory of such defects has been presented which appears to offer a comprehensive framework for their classification. The object of the present paper is firstly to outline the characterisation and classification of defects according to this treatment. Secondly, we illustrate examples of defects in the distinctive classes observed using tern, and discuss the various imaging techniques which have been employed.In the absence of a rigorous treatment of line defects in single crystals and interfaces, which would require the development of a discrete field theory, approximate methods of defect characterisation are used. The most popular method involves mapping a contour, initially constructed around a defect of interest, into a reference space. For defeats in single crystals this Burgers circuit method, introduced by Frank, is very helpful, but suffers from certain procedural inconveniences in the case of interfacial defects.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Zhan, Hai Fei, and Yuan Tong Gu. "Exploration of the Defect’s Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Different Orientated Nanowires." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1239.

Full text
Abstract:
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out to investigate the defect’s effect on the mechanical properties of copper nanowire with different crystallographic orientations, under tensile deformation. Three different crystallographic orientations have been considered. The deformation mechanism has been carefully discussed. It is found that the Young’s modulus is insensitive to the defect, even when the nanowire’s crystallographic orientation is different. However, due to the defect’s effect, the yield strength and yield strain appear a large decrease. The defects have played a role of dislocation sources, the slips or stacking faults are first generated around the locations of the defects. The necking locations have also been affected by different defects. Due to the surface defect, the plastic deformation has received a large influence for the and orientated nanowires, and a relative small influence is seen for the nanowire.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Zhan, Hai Fei, Yuan Tong Gu, Cheng Yan, and Prasad K. D. V. Yarlagadda. "Numerical Exploration of the Defect’s Effect on Mechanical Properties of Nanowires under Torsion." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 498–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.498.

Full text
Abstract:
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been carried out to investigate the defect’s effect on the mechanical properties of single-crystal copper nanowire with different surface defects, under torsion deformation. The torsional rigidity is found insensitive to the surface defects and the critical angle appears an obvious decrease due to the surface defects, the largest decrease is found for the nanowire with surface horizon defect. The deformation mechanism appears different degrees of influence due to surface defects. The surface defects play a role of dislocation sources. Comparing with single intrinsic stacking faults formation for the perfect nanowire, much affluent deformation processes have been activated because of surface defects, for instance, we find the twins formation for the nanowire with a surface 45odefect.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Almazova, L. A., and O. S. Sedova. "SIMULATION OF THE SURFACE DEFECTS INFLUENCE ON THE ALUMINUM ALLOY BEHAVIOUR UNDER THE CYCLIC LOAD CONDITIONS." Frontier materials & technologies, no. 1 (2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2782-4039-2022-1-7-14.

Full text
Abstract:
Aluminum and its alloys, such as the Al–Si–Mg alloy, are widely used in various industrial and engineering fields due to their mechanical properties. In this case, the defects occurring during the casting process adversely affect the behavior of this alloy under cyclic load conditions. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the surface defect influence on the material's fatigue strength is currently of great importance. The paper presents a numerical investigation based on the finite element method intended to evaluate the effect of the interaction of the complex-shaped defects on the stress of the Al–Si–Mg aluminum alloy. The developed complex-defect model consists of a hemispherical main (base) defect and a secondary defect at the bottom of the main one. The authors use the Chaboche model to describe the material’s behavior under the cyclic load conditions. The paper contains the computational solution constructed with the ANSYS Workbench platform. The authors supposed that it is possible to approximate the considered complex defect form by an equivalent simplified defect. The study shows that the maximum von Mises stress values for the complex-shaped defects are achieved at the joint of the secondary defect with the main one. In the case of an equivalent defect, the maximum values are observed at the defect's bottom and on the periphery. The authors comparatively estimated the uncertainty obtained using an equivalent defect and the cases of three complex-shaped defects and three hemispherical defects without additional (secondary) damage. This estimation shows that in the case of a complex-shaped defect, the equivalent defect model has an error of 14.5 %, which is 6.5 % greater than in the case of the hemispherical defects without secondary damages at the bottom.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Mostovoy, S. D., and O. V. Pavlovsky. "Particle-like behavior of defects near a defect line in 2D Ising model: Defect–antidefect pair production and interaction." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 12 (May 10, 2019): 1950117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219501170.

Full text
Abstract:
The aim of this work is to investigate Casimir effect in a system comprising of a defect line along with isolated defects (vacancies) in 2D Ising model. We have found out that the interaction energy has a decaying exponent with distance between defects. We are interested in an analogy between Casimir behavior of this defect structure and quantum field theory. The simplest deformation of a defect line (a defect’s position change) can be treated as defect–“antidefect” pair creation. Single defect is attracted to a defect line. By means of Monte Carlo simulation, the energy of pair creation and Casimir interaction potential are calculated. The interaction turned out that a Yukawa potential turns to the Coulomb’s one at phase transition point.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Chen, Yue, Xuehao Pan, and Lingfang Deng. "Study on the Localization of Defects in Typical Steel Butt Welds Considering the Effect of Residual Stress." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2023): 2648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042648.

Full text
Abstract:
When using magnetic memory detection technology to locate weld cracks and porous defects, the traditional zero-point polarity theory leads to misjudgments in defect location and difficulty in distinguishing between the residual stress and the magnetic signals generated by defects due to the influence of external noise and residual stress. Therefore, this paper considers the different mechanisms of magnetic signal generation in areas where crack- and porosity-type defects and residual stresses are located and discusses research focused on the detection of weld defect localization considering the influence of residual stresses. Using the mechanism of magnetic signal generation as a starting point, the three-dimensional magnetic modulus gradient polarity determination method is proposed to distinguish residual stress and defects’ magnetic signals. Through the COMSOL simulation of a welding defect’s finite element magnetic signal, the resulting magnetic signal is converted into a characteristic determination formula for characterization. To verify the accuracy of the simulated characterization, the 3D magnetic signal is extracted and verified manually. Finally, a double orthogonal wavelet transform is introduced to eliminate the random noise in the gradient of the three-dimensional magnetic modulus. The results show that the theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and experimental results agree with each other. The three-dimensional magnetic modulus gradient values of cracks and pores are much higher than that of the defect-free residual stress area. The three-dimensional magnetic gradient modulus can locate defects and characterize the lengths of defects. The dual orthogonal wavelet eliminates noise interference while improving the accuracy of locating three-dimensional magnetic modulus gradient defects.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Melikhova, Oksana, Jakub Čížek, Ivan Procházka, Tetyana E. Konstantinova, and Igor A. Yashchishyn. "Inhibition of Positronium Formation in Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Nanopowders Modified by Addition of Chromia." Materials Science Forum 733 (November 2012): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.733.249.

Full text
Abstract:
The effect of chromia additive on defects in yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanopowders was investigated in this work. It was found that positrons are trapped at vacancy-like misfit defect at grain boundaries and at larger defects situated at triple points. Moreover, a long-lived ortho-positronium contribution was found in YSZ nanopowder without chromia. Addition of chromia prolongs the lifetime of positrons trapped at vacancy-like misfit defects which indicates segregation of Cr ions at grain interfaces and interaction of Cr with vacancy-like misfit defets. Moreover addition of chromia completely suppresses formation of positronium.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Khoury, Muin J., José F. Cordero, Joseph Mulinare, and John M. Opitz. "Selected Midline Defect Associations: A Population Study." Pediatrics 84, no. 2 (August 1, 1989): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.2.266.

Full text
Abstract:
Using data from the population-based Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, the association of seven relatively common and easily ascertainable groups of midline defects was studied. These defects were neural tube defects (575 patients), oral clefts (633 patients), omphalocele (141 patients), esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (88 patients), imperforate anus (151 patients), conotruncal heart defects (289 patients), and diaphragmatic hernia (75 patients). Known syndromes were excluded from the analysis. Of 1743 infants with at least one midline defect, 86 (4.9%) had at least a second midline defect, and 9 (0.5%) had two additional midline defects. Pairwise analysis of the seven defects shows that, although most midline defects tend to be statistically associated with other midline defects, specific combinations of midline defects are seen. For example, neural tube defects are more strongly associated with cleft lip with or without cleft palate than with cleft palate alone; imperforate anus is more strongly associated with spina bifida than with anencephaly or encephalocele. Moreover, some combinations of defects are not observed (eg, neural tube defect and conotruncal heart defect, clefts and diaphragmatic hernia, omphalocele and esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula). These data point to the need for further refinement in the study of the association of midline defects in terms of embryologic and pathogenetic mechanisms because most midline defects tend to occur as an isolated defect, some midline defects occur with nonmidline defects (such as limb defects), and specific associations among midline defects are observed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Defects"

1

Bagués, Salguero Núria. "Atomic and electronic structure of self-organized defects in epitaxial films of functional perovskite-type oxides." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405668.

Full text
Abstract:
Les capes fines epitaxials d’òxids funcionals tipus perovskita (ABO3) presenten mecanismes d’acoblament d’intercara i de relaxació del desajust governats per un joc complex de graus de llibertat químics, electrònics i estructurals. Aquests mecanismes poden acomodar defectes, tals com dislocacions de desajust i parets de macla, que presenten una gran tendència a l’auto-organització amb escales característiques de desenes de nanòmetres. L’estructura de la xarxa en el nucli d’aquests defectes és diferent de la major part del material, i per tant pot ser considerat com una nano-fase amb propietats físiques probablement diferents, portant a la formació de nano-estructures funcionals. La correlació entre l’estructura del defecte i la funcionalitat, juntament amb la capacitat d’aquests defectes per auto-organitzar-se, ofereix una oportunitat única per l’elaboració bottom-up de nano-dispositius d’òxids funcionals complexes. Aquesta Tesi es centra en la caracterització de la microestructura, l’intercara i els defectes auto-organitzats de capes epitaxials i nanoestructures funcionals de materials d’òxids mitjançant l’ús de Microscòpia Electrònica de Transmissió. Es presta especial atenció a l’estructura atòmica i electrònica de les intercares i defectes generats, tals com dislocacions, parets de macla i segregacions de fases, així com als camps de deformació i la seva relació amb les homogeneïtats químiques. En aquesta direcció, dos sistemes diferents compostos per manganites de Lantà són considerats: nanocompost de LaMnO3:MnOx crescut sobre substrats de (001)SrTiO3 i de (001)LaAlO3; i capes de La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 amb defectes auto-organitzats crescudes sobre substrats de (001)SrTiO3 i de (001)LaAlO3. Els materials estudiats en aquest treball poden ser considerats com capes nanoestructurades resultants de l’autoorganització de defectes que relaxen el desajust: nanoinclusions de MnOx (defectes de volum) en el LaMnO3; parets de macla entre dominis de macla (defectes planars) en La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3 i dislocacions de desajust (defectes lineals) en La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 /LaAlO3. En el nanocompost de LaMnO3:MnOx, s’analitza la formació regular de nanoinclusions d’òxid de manganès verticalment alienades dins d’una capa de LaMnO3 a través d’una caracterització microestructural. Aquestes anàlisis inclouen la determinació de la microestructura del LaMnO3 respecte el substrat conjuntament amb la identificació de la fase de l’òxid de manganès i d’una fase secundària, una capa rica en La a prop de l’intercara LaMnO3-SrTiO3. En el cas del La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrTiO3, es realitza una anàlisi detallada de les parets de macla i de les implicacions d’aquestes en les propietats funcionals. Els canvis locals en les propietats físiques i estructurals de les parets de macla permeten veure una capa amb macles com a una estructura auto-organitzada consistint en nano-lamines verticals de La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 fortament comprimides dins d’una matriu tensionada de La0.7Sr0.3MnO3. En el cas de les capes ultrafines de La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/LaAlO3, s’analitza el mecanisme de relaxament d’aquestes capes, les quals alleugen la tensió de desajust a través de la formació de dislocacions per sobre d’un gruix de crític de capa de 2.5nm. Es realitza un estudi detallat dels canvis estructurals, químics i electrònics associats amb les dislocacions, posant especial atenció a la influència dels camps de deformació en la composició química a la nanoescala. En aquesta direcció, s’observa una reorganització química a la regió del nucli de la dislocació, la qual té lloc per acomodar la deformació. També s’explora la dependència de l’organització de les dislocacions amb el gruix de les capes. Finalment, són analitzades les implicacions del camp de deformació de les dislocacions en la topografia i el transport elèctric a la superfície de les capes, demostrant que la naturalesa multi-escala de les dislocacions és de gran potencial per la creació de nanoestructures funcionals organitzades espontàniament en la superfície de capes fines d’òxids complexes. Els principals resultats i conclusions obtinguts en aquesta Tesis obren una nova perspectiva per al desenvolupament d’estructures funcionals auto-organitzades basades en defectes que relaxen tensions.
The epitaxial thin films of functional perovskite-type oxides (ABO3) present interfacial coupling and misfit relaxation mechanisms governed by a complex interplay of chemical, electronic and structural degrees of freedom. The relaxation mechanisms of strained films may accommodate defects, such as misfit dislocations or twin walls, which exhibit a strong tendency towards self-organization with characteristic length scales of tens of nanometres. The core lattice structure of these defects is different from the bulk of the material and thus may be considered as a nano-phase with likely different physical properties, leading to the formation of functional nanostructures. The correlation between defect structure and functionality, together with the capacity of these defects to self-organize, offers a unique opportunity for the bottom-up elaboration of functional complex oxides nanodevices. This thesis focuses on the characterization of the microstructure, interface and self-organized defects of epitaxial films and functional nanostructures of oxide materials by using advanced transmission electron microscopy. Special emphasis is put on the atomic and chemical structure of the interfaces and generated defects, such as dislocations, twin walls and phase segregations, as well as on the strain fields and their correlation with chemical heterogeneities. In this regard, two different systems composed of lanthanum manganites are considered: LaMnO3:MnOx nanocomposite grown on (001)SrTiO3 and on (001)LaAlO3 substrates; and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 films with self-organized defects grown on (001)SrTiO3 and on (001)LaAlO3. The materials studied in this work may be regarded as nanostructured films resulting from the self-organization of misfit relieving defects as follows: nanoinclusions of a MnOx phase (volume defects) in LaMnO3; twin walls between twin domains (planar defects) in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 on SrTiO3; and misfit dislocations (line defects) in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 on LaAlO3. In the LaMnO3:MnOx nanocomposite, the formation of regular vertically aligned nanoinclusions of a manganese oxide (MnOx) embedded in an LaMnO3 film is analysed via microstructural characterization. This analysis includes the determination of the LaMnO3 matrix microstructure with respect to the substrate together with the identification of the manganese oxide phase and a secondary phase: a La-rich layer close to LaMnO3-substrate interface. In the case of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 on (001)SrTiO3 substrates, a detailed analysis of twin walls and their implications on the functional properties is performed. Local changes in the physical and structural properties of the TWs lead to the view of a twinned film as a self-organized nanostructure consisting of vertical nano-sheets of strongly compressed La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 embedded in a matrix of tensile strained La0.7Sr0.3MnO3. In the case of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 ultrathin films grown on (001)LaAlO3, the relaxation mechanism of this films is analysed. These films relieve the misfit strain by the formation of misfit dislocations above a critical film thickness of 2.5 nm. A detailed study of structural, chemical and electronic changes associated with the dislocation is also performed paying particular attention to the influence of strain fields on chemical composition at the nanoscale. A chemical reorganization occurs to accommodate the strain at the dislocations core region. The dependence of the degree of order of the dislocation pattern on film thickness is also explored. Finally, the implications of the dislocation strain field on surface topography and electrical transport are analysed, demonstrating that the multiscale nature of dislocations holds great promise for the creation of spontaneous surface ordered functional nanostructures in complex oxide thin films.The results and main conclusions obtained in this work open new perspectives for the development of functional self-organized nanostructures based on strain relieving defects.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Pourmatin, Hossein. "Computational Multiscale Methods for Defects: 1. Line Defects in Liquid Crystals; 2. Electron Scattering in Defected Crystals." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/458.

Full text
Abstract:
In the first part of this thesis, we demonstrate theory and computations for finite-energy line defect solutions in an improvement of Ericksen-Leslie liquid crystal theory. Planar director fields are considered in two and three space dimensions, and we demonstrate straight as well as loop disclination solutions. The possibility of static balance of forces in the presence of a disclination and in the absence of ow and body forces is discussed. The work exploits an implicit conceptual connection between the Weingarten-Volterra characterization of possible jumps in certain potential fields and the Stokes-Helmholtz resolution of vector fields. The theoretical basis of our work is compared and contrasted with the theory of Volterra disclinations in elasticity. Physical reasoning precluding a gauge-invariant structure for the model is also presented. In part II of the thesis, the time-harmonic Schrodinger equation with periodic potential is considered. We derive the asymptotic form of the scattering wave function in the periodic space and investigate the possibility of its application as a DtN non-reflecting boundary condition. Moreover, we study the perfectly matched layer method for this problem and show that it is a reliable method, which converges rapidly to the exact solution, as the thickness of the absorbing layer increases. Moreover, we use the tight-binding method to numerically solve the Schrodinger equation for Graphene sheets, symmetry-adapted Carbon nanotubes and DNA molecules to demonstrate their electronic behavior in the presence of local defects. The results for Y-junction Carbon nanotubes depict very interesting properties and confirms the predictions for their application as new transistors.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Liu, Chen. "VLSI circuit defect diagnosis : open defects and run-time speed." Diss., University of Iowa, 2008. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Горобченко, Неля Георгіївна, Неля Георгиевна Горобченко, Nelia Heorhiivna Horobchenko, and O. Byeda. "Birth defects." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17636.

Full text
Abstract:
Nowadays the cases of birth defects have increased. It is connected with the environment contamination and genetic factors. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17636
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Gidby, Marcus. "Defects in ceria." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-17576.

Full text
Abstract:

The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology has been under research since thelate 1950s, and most of the research has been on designs utilizing yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as the electrolyte of choice. However, the SOFC technology has the major drawback of requiring high operation temperatures (up to 1000 degrees Celcius), so research of alternative materials have come into interest that would possibly require a lower working temperature without any significant loss of conductivity.One such material of interest for the electrolyte is compounds of ceriumdioxide (ceria). Ceria is well known for its ability to release oxygen by formingoxygen vacancies under oxygen-poor conditions, which increases its oxygen ionconductivity, and works at a lower temperature than the YSZ compounds whenproperly doped. Conversely, ceria is also able to absorb oxygen under oxygen-rich conditions, and those two abilities make it a very good material to use in catalytic converters for reduction of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emission. The ability for the oxygen ions to easily relocate inbetween the different lattice sites is likely the key property of oxygen ion transportation in ceria. Also, in oxygen-rich conditions, the absorbed oxygen atom is assumed to join the structure at either the roomy octrahedral sites, or the vacant tetrahedral sites. Following that, the oxygen atom may relocate to other vacant locations, given it can overcome a possible potential barrier.

This thesis studies how those interstitial oxygen vacancies (defects) affect theenergy profile of ceria-based supercells by first principles calculations. The system is modeled within the density functional theory (DFT) with aid of (extended) local density approximation (LDA+U) using the software VASP. Furthermore, it is studied how those vacancies affect neighbouring oxygen atoms, and wether or not it is energetically benificial for the neighbouring atoms to readjust their positions closer or further away from the vacancy. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze wether or not it is theoretically possible that interstitial oxygen vacancies may cause neighbouring oxygen atoms to naturally relocate to the octahedral site in ceria, and how this affects the overall energy profile of the material.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Abraham, Edward R. C. "Charged topological defects." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259536.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Jesurum, Caroline Esther 1969. "Coloring with defects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37006.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Tang, Xun. "Diagnosis Of VLSI circuit defects: defects in scan chain and circuit logic." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/894.

Full text
Abstract:
Given a logic circuit that fails a test, diagnosis is the process of narrowing down the possible locations of the defects. Diagnosis to locate defects in VLSI circuits has become very important during the yield ramp up process, especially for 90 nm and below technologies where physical failure analysis machines become less successful due to reduced defect visibility by the smaller feature size and larger leakage currents. Successful defect isolation relies heavily on the guidance from fault diagnosis and will depend even more for the future technologies. To assist a designer or a failure analysis engineer, the diagnosis tool tries to identify the possible locations of the failure effectively and quickly. While many defects reside in the logic part of a chip, defects in scan chains have become more and more common recently as typically 30%-50% logic gates impact the operation of scan chains in a scan design. Logic diagnosis and scan chain diagnosis are the two main fields of diagnosis research. The quality of diagnosis directly impacts the time-to-market and the total product cost. Volume diagnosis with statistical learning is important to discover systematic defects. An accurate diagnosis tool is required to diagnose large numbers of failing devices to aid statistical yield learning. In this work, we propose techniques to improve diagnosis accuracy and resolution, techniques to improve run-time performance. We consider the problem of determining the location of defects in scan chains and logic. We investigate a method to improve the diagnosability of production compressed test patterns for multiple scan chain failures. Then a method to generate special diagnostic patterns for scan chain failures was proposed. The method tries to generate a complete test pattern set to pinpoint the exact faulty scan cell when flush tests tell which scan chain is faulty. Next we studied the problem of diagnosis of multiple faults in the logic of circuits. First we propose a method to diagnose multiple practical physical defects using simple logic fault models. At last we propose a method based on fault-tuple equivalence trees to further improve diagnosis quality.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wong, Hai Ming. "Developmental defects of enamel." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36269815.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Sharp, Joanne. "Electron tomography of defects." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/228638.

Full text
Abstract:
Tomography of crystal defects in the electron microscope was first attempted in 2005 by the author and colleagues. This thesis further develops the technique, using a variety of samples and methods. Use of a more optimised, commercial tomographic reconstruction program on the original GaN weak beam dark-field (WBDF) tilt series gave a finer reconstruction with lower background, line width 10-20 nm. Four WBDF tilt series were obtained of a microcrack surrounded by dislocations in a sample of indented silicon, tilt axes parallel to g = 220, 220, 400 and 040. Moiré fringes in the defect impaired alignment and reconstruction. The effect on reconstruction of moiré fringe motion with tilt was simulated, resulting in an array of rods, not a flat plane. Dislocations in a TiAl alloy were reconstructed from WBDF images with no thickness contours, giving an exceptionally clear reconstruction. The effect of misalignment of the tilt axis with systematic row g(ng) was assessed by simulating tilt series with diffraction condition variation across the tilt range of Δn = 0, 1 and 2. Misalignment changed the inclination of the reconstructed dislocation with the foil surfaces, and elongated the reconstruction in the foil normal direction; this may explain elongation additional to the missing wedge effect in experiments. Tomography from annular dark-field (ADF) STEM dislocation images was also attempted. A tilt series was obtained from the GaN sample; the reconstructed dislocations had a core of bright intensity of comparable width to WBDF reconstructions, with a surrounding region of low intensity to 60 nm width. An ADF STEM reconstruction was obtained from the Si sample at the same microcrack as for WBDF; here automatic specimen drift correction in tomography acquisition software succeeded, a significant improvement. The microcrack surfaces in Si reconstructed as faint planes and dislocations were recovered as less fragmented lines than from the WBDF reconstruction. ADF STEM tomography was also carried out on the TiAl sample, using a detector inner angle (βin) that included the first order Bragg spots (in other series βin had been 4-6θ B). Extinctions occurred which were dependent on tilt; this produced only weak lines in the reconstruction. Bragg scattering in the ADF STEM image was estimated by summing simulated dark-field dislocation images from all Bragg beams at a zone axis; a double line was produced. It was hypothised that choosing the inner detector angle to omit these first Bragg peaks may preclude most dynamical image features. Additional thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) intensity due to dilatation around an edge dislocation was estimated and found to be insignificant. The Huang scattering cross section was estimated and found to be 9Å, ten times thinner than experimental ADF STEM dislocation images. The remaining intensity may be from changes to TDS from Bloch wave transitions at the dislocation; assessing this as a function of tilt is for further work. On simple assessment, only three possible axial channeling orientations were found over the tilt range for GaN; if this is typical, dechanneling contrast probably does not apply to defect tomography.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Defects"

1

Hayes, W. Defects and defect processes in nonmetallic solids. New York: Wiley, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

M, Stoneham A., ed. Defects and defect processes in nonmetallic solids. New York: Wiley, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

1930-, Chikawa J., Sumino K. 1931-, Wada K. 1950-, Society of Non-Traditional Technology (Japan), and Symposium on "Defects and Qualities of Semiconductors" (1984 : Tokyo, Japan), eds. Defects and properties of semiconductors: Defect engineering. Tokyo: KTK Scientific, 1987.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Edelson, Edward. Birth defects. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Jacqueline, Langwith, ed. Birth defects. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Edelson, Edward. Birth defects. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Langwith, Jacqueline. Birth defects. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Royal Institute of British Architects., ed. Latent defects. London: RIBA, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Merino, Noël. Birth defects. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning, 2014.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Gravelle, Karen. Understanding birth defects. New York: Franklin Watts, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Defects"

1

Walgraef, Daniel. "Defects and Defect Bifurcations." In Partially Ordered Systems, 107–26. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1850-0_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Stoneham, A. M. "Defects and Defect Processes." In Materials Modification by High-fluence Ion Beams, 217–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1267-0_15.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Lega, J. "Defects and Defect-Mediated Turbulence." In Patterns, Defects and Materials Instabilities, 7–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0593-1_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Gooch, Jan W. "Defects." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 198. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3360.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Razeghi, Manijeh. "Defects." In Fundamentals of Solid State Engineering, 623–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75708-7_19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Grundmann, Marius. "Defects." In Graduate Texts in Physics, 73–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13884-3_4.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Marcos, Celia. "Defects." In Springer Textbooks in Earth Sciences, Geography and Environment, 193–233. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96783-3_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Bechstedt, Friedhelm. "Defects." In Principles of Surface Physics, 293–315. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55466-7_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Solimene, Fabio. "Defects." In The Law and Practice of Complex Construction Projects, 151–55. London: Informa Law from Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003387718-22.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Wollgarten, Markus, Volker Franz, Michael Feuerbacher, and Knut Urban. "Defects." In Quasicrystals, 262–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05028-6_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Defects"

1

Cheng, Jyun-Cheng, and Dilip Kohli. "Synthesis of Mechanisms Including Circuit Defects, Branch Defects and Input-Crank Rotatability." In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0285.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract In this paper, an analytical method is developed for synthesizing linkages (with a quadratic input-output equation) which are free from circuit and branch defects and, in addition, may be required to have fully rotatable cranks. A novel concept called the range defect of the input link is introduced. It is shown that the range defect results in a circuit defect. Further, all circuit defects except those introduced as a result of range defects can be eliminated by eliminating branch defects. The circuit defect introduced by the range defect is eliminated by first eliminating the range defect and then eliminating the branch defect. Inequalities are developed as a function of mechanism design variables which represent the existence of range defects and therefore a possible circuit defect. The circuit defect identifiers are then developed and used in the synthesis of function generating planar four-bar and spatial RSSR linkages. The method developed is general and is applicable to any mechanism with a quadratic input-output equation such as RSSP, spherical 4-bar and 4R3P linkages.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Stark, Terrence J., Phillip E. Russell, and Corey Nevers. "3-D Defect Characterization using Plan View and Cross-Sectional TEM/STEM Analysis." In ISTFA 2005. ASM International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2005p0344.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract The primary objectives of failure analysis on structurally complex semiconductor devices are often to determine a defect's location and composition. Determining exactly how these defects propagate through a sample in three dimensions, to confirm a failure mode, is often elusive. This paper discusses characterizations of two defect types to illustrate a technique of sequentially imaging whisker type defects from orthogonal orientations using TEM/STEM. The first type is a high resistance short between two metal lines that is best imaged using STEM in order to observe subtle differences in material composition. The second is a crystalline dislocation through an optoelectronic device that is best observed using TEM. Details of resistive short characterization and crystalline defect characterization performed are provided. TEM/STEM has shown to be a practical tool for locating defects prior to cross sectional analysis. This allows defects to be located and characterized in three dimensions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Starodubov, D. S., V. Grubsky, and J. Feinberg. "Bragg Grating Fabrication in Fibers by Near-UV Light." In Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.bme.1.

Full text
Abstract:
The photosensitivity of germanosilicate fibers has been tied to the presence of germanium oxygen-deficient defects (GODC) [1,2]. These defects are identified by a strong absorption peak at 240 nm and a weaker absorption peak at 330 nm (Fig. 1) [3]. The microscopic model of these defects is still debated [4-7]; however, the three-level model of the defect shown in Fig. 2 nicely explains the defect’s main spectroscopic features [4]. It was thought that color center formation due to photoionization of defects by 240 nm light was the principal mechanism of index change (through the Kramers-Kronig relation) [8]. However recent tension measurements and observations of glass densification after UV exposure suggest that a structural transformation of the glass occurs [9,10].
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Kim, Kukbin, Byung-Joo Kim, Jinsoo Park, Young-Cheol Yoon, and Deukjin Park. "Fatigue Strength Evaluation of Defects Embedded in Large-Sized Stud Bolt of Marine Engine." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82663.

Full text
Abstract:
Millimeter-sized defects are often found during inspection near the centerline of the shank of large-sized stud bolts. Determination of allowable defect size is practically required in view of safety. An experimental investigation on the fatigue strength of the stud bolt has been carried out in order to evaluate the effect of defects embedded in the stud bolt on the fatigue strength. Fatigue testing was conducted for stress ratios of 0.0, 0.4 and 0.7 using plain specimens and defected specimens having a defect embedded inside to examine the fatigue limit according to the stress ratio. Macroscopic and microscopic analyses were also conducted in order to determine initial defect size, crack initiation site and propagation rate from beach marks on the fracture surface. Existing small defect evaluation methods currently available were used for the strength evaluation. Allowable internal defect size was determined based on the high mean and high cycle stress states of the bolt by linear elastic fracture mechanics.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Benjamin, Adilson C., Jose Luiz F. Freire, Ronaldo D. Vieira, Jorge L. C. Diniz, and Edmundo Q. de Andrade. "Burst Tests on Pipeline Containing Interacting Corrosion Defects." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67059.

Full text
Abstract:
In this paper the burst tests of seven tubular specimens are presented. In these tests the tubular specimens were loaded with internal pressure only. The specimens were cut from longitudinal welded tubes made of API 5L X80 steel with a nominal outside diameter of 457.2 mm (18 in) and a nominal wall thickness of 7.93 mm (0.312 in). The specimen IDTS 1 is a defect-free pipe. The specimen IDTS 2 contains only one defect, herein called base defect. The base defect is an external flat bottomed defect with uniform width (circumferential dimension). The other five specimens contain groups of interacting defects constituted by the combination of two or more base defects. All the defects were machined using spark erosion. Measurements were carried out in order to determine the actual dimensions of each tubular specimen and its respective groups of defects. Tensile specimens and impact test specimens were tested to determine material properties. The failure pressures measured in the laboratory tests are compared with those predicted by six assessments methods, namely: the ASME B31G method, the RSTRENG 085dL method, the DNV RP-F101 method for single defects, the RPA method, the RSTRENG Effective Area method and the DNV RP-F101 method for interacting defects.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Chang, Yoon-Suk, Jong-Min Kim, Nam-Su Huh, Young-Jin Kim, Seong-Sik Hwang, and Joung-Soo Kim. "Failure Pressure Estimates of Steam Generator Tubes Containing Wear-Type Defects." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89085.

Full text
Abstract:
It is commonly requested that steam generator tubes with defects exceeding 40% of wall thickness in depth should be plugged to sustain all postulated loads with appropriate margin. The critical defect dimensions have been determined based on the concept of plastic instability. This criterion, however, is known to be too conservative for some locations and types of defects. In this context, the accurate failure estimation for steam generator tubes with a defect draws increasing attention. Although several guidelines have been developed and are used for assessing the integrity of defected tubes, most of these guidelines are related to stress corrosion cracking or wall-thinning phenomena. As some of steam generator tubes are also failed due to fretting and so on, alternative failure estimation schemes for relevant defects are required. In this paper, three-dimensional finite element (FE) analyses are carried out under internal pressure condition to simulate the failure behavior of steam generator tubes with different defect configurations; elliptical wastage type, wear scar type and rectangular wastage type defects. Maximum pressures based on material strengths are obtained from more than a hundred FE results to predict the failure of the steam generator tube. After investigating the effect of key parameters such as wastage depth, wastage length and wrap angle, simplified failure estimation equations are proposed in relation to the equivalent stress at the deepest point in wastage region. Comparison of failure pressures predicted according to the proposed estimation scheme with some corresponding burst test data shows good agreement, which provides a confidence in the use of the proposed equations to assess the integrity of steam generator tubes with wear-type defects.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Li, Wei, Yanhui Feng, Jia Peng, and Xinxin Zhang. "Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes With Stone-Wales Defects." In ASME 2009 Second International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2009-18063.

Full text
Abstract:
Thermal conductivity of (5,5) and (3,3) carbon nanotubes with Stone-Wales (SW) defects is investigated by molecular dynamics simulation. Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method is employed and the reactive empirical bond order potential is chosen. In the simulation, the temperature difference is given by applying the Berendsen thermostat model to each end of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The thermal conductivity is calculated by Fourier’s equation. Different from linear temperature distribution along the tube for perfect CNTs without defects, there is temperature jump at defects for CNTs with a SW defect. The defect acts as additional phonon scattering centers and result in a local higher temperature gradient, which leads to a higher resistance to heat flow across the defect and thus a reduction in the thermal conductivity of the tube. The rotation angle of a SW defect barely influences the thermal conductivity of the tube. Probably, the thermal conductivity of CNTs with SW defects is more sensitive to the defect concentration than the defect distribution.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Song, Zhigang, Oliver D. Patterson, and Qian Xu. "In-Line Defects Overlaying with Functional Failures and Characterization for Fast Defect Learning and Fast Yield Improvement." In ISTFA 2014. ASM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2014p0241.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Process defects, either random or systematic, are often the top killers of any semiconductor device. Process defect learning and reduction are the main focuses in both technology development stage and product manufacturing yield ramp stage. In order to achieve fast defect learning, in-line defect inspection is implemented in critical layers during wafer manufacturing. In-line defect inspection is able to detect defects. However, in-line defect inspection alone cannot predict the impact of defects on device functional yield. Failure analysis is an effective method of finding the defects which really cause device functional failures. However, often, the defects found by failure analysis are very different from the original defects, making it difficult to understand the root cause. This paper will describe a methodology how to combine in-line defect inspection and failure analysis together to found the top killer defects and accelerate their root cause identification for fast defect learning and yield improvement.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Cronin, Duane S. "Finite Element Analysis of Complex Corrosion Defects." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1288.

Full text
Abstract:
Aging gas and oil transmission pipeline infrastructure has led to the need for improved integrity assessment. Presently, external and internal corrosion defects are the leading cause of pipeline failure in Canada, and in many other countries around the world. The currently accepted defect assessment procedures have been shown to be conservative, with the degree of conservatism varying with the defect dimensions. To address this issue, a multi-level corrosion defect assessment procedure has been proposed. The assessment levels are organized in terms of increasing complexity; with three-dimensional elastic-plastic Finite Element Analysis (FEA) proposed as the highest level of assessment. This method requires the true stress-strain curve of the material, as determined from uniaxial tensile tests, and the corrosion defect geometry to assess the burst pressure of corrosion defects. The use of non-linear FEA to predict the failure pressure of real corrosion defects has been investigated using the results from 25 burst tests on pipe sections removed from service due to the presence of corrosion defects. It has been found that elastic-plastic FEA provides an accurate prediction of the burst pressure and failure location of complex-shaped corrosion defects. Although this approach requires detailed information regarding the corrosion geometry, it is appropriate for cases where an accurate burst pressure prediction is necessary.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Cronin, Duane, Alan Plumtree, Millan Sen, and Richard Kania. "Assessment of Crack in Corrosion Defects in Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64339.

Full text
Abstract:
Crack-like defects may occur coincident with corrosion defects and represent a new hybrid form of defect in gas and oil pipelines that is not directly addressed in the current codes or methods of assessment. There is a need to provide assessment and evaluate the integrity of the line as well as identify requirements for defect repair or line hydrotest. A numerical investigation was undertaken to evaluate the predicted collapse pressure of crack in corrosion (CIC) defects in typical line pipe. Longitudinally oriented CIC defects were evaluated as long cracks occurring within long, corrosion grooves of uniform depth. This was a conservative representation of a finite length CIC defect. It was found that the collapse pressure for CIC defects varied between that of a long uniform depth crack and a long uniform depth corrosion defect. The transition to corrosion defect behaviour only occurred when the corrosion defect depth was significant (greater than 75% of the total defect depth). Finite-length CIC defects were then investigated using a numerical investigation to identify the effect of crack and corrosion length. The collapse pressure of a finite length crack within an infinitely long corrosion defect was found to be lower than a crack of equivalent total depth and length. This reduction in collapse pressure was attributed to increased local stresses in the vicinity of the crack due to the coincident corrosion. The predicted collapse pressure increased towards the crack-only value when the length of the corrosion defect was decreased to that of the crack. CIC defects were evaluated as cracks using the NG-18 approach and BS 7910 code (Level 2A FAD). The NG-18 approach conservatively predicted lower collapse pressures than the FE analysis, whereas the FAD approach was conservative for shallow defects and could be non-conservative for deeper defects. These results are attributed to the presence of the corrosion and the fact that no factor of safety was included in the analysis. Future studies will investigate experimental validation of the FE and FAD methods for this type of defect.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Defects"

1

Watkins, George D., and Michael J. Stavola. Defects and Defect Processes in GaN. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada446577.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Denys, Waele, and Lefevre. L52239 Input to Code Revision for Interaction of Girth Weld Defects under Plastic Collapse Conditions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011348.

Full text
Abstract:
A pipeline girth weld may contain one single or multiple defects. If discrete multiple notches occur, current codes define by applying proximity rules the defect dimensions to be used in an ECA. The defect interaction rules contained in pipeline specific standards are based on linear elastic fracture mechanics with conservative approximations. Similar solutions for failure by plastic collapse are non-existent. In this study, using experimental data of wide plate tests, interaction criteria for ductile girth welds containing multiple coplanar surface breaking defects are proposed. Based on a simple plastic collapse assessment, defect length limits ensuring the onset of remote yielding in the pipe bodies are calculated. A two-tier assessment procedure, based on a comparison of the sum of the individual defect lengths with these characteristic limits, is proposed. If the total defect length is smaller than the characteristic defect length limit interaction will not occur. The defect length limit ensuring remote yielding in the case of multiple defects is dependent on the spacing between defects. The defect length limits also incorporate the effect of yield-to-tensile ratio. The performance behaviour of wide plates with coplanar surface-breaking defects is compared with existing and proposed interaction criteria. The assessment shows that the proposed defect interaction procedure is less conservative than the rules currently embodied in pipeline specific standards.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Wang and Cheng. L52020 Extension of Strain Design Criteria to Buried HAZ Defects. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011103.

Full text
Abstract:
This project is a part of a multi-year effort intended to develop alternative defect acceptance criteria for pipelines experiencing high longitudinal strains.� A systematic investigation of various factors affecting the tensile strain limits of buried girth weld defects is conducted.� By using the concept of crack driving and apparent toughness, the baseline tensile strain limits of girth welds with buried defect are established for a wide range of pipe grades, wall thickness, defect size, and material toughness.� The relative influence of various factors affecting the strain limits of girth welds with buried defects is characterized.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Mura, T. Micromechanics of Defects. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada248432.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Geppert-Kleinrath, Hermann. Capsule defects measurement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1856136.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Van Vechten, James A., and John F. Wager. Point Defects in Semiconductors: Microscopic Identification, Metastable Properties, Defect Migration, and Diffusion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada206947.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Saxena, Avadh. Topological Defects in Materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132543.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Yu, Clare. Defects and Disordered Solids. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada253361.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Yu, Clare. Defects and Disordered Solids. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada266031.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Snijders, J., C. Morrow, and R. van Mook. Software Defects Considered Harmful. RFC Editor, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc9225.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Defects' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography