Journal articles: 'Defectivene'

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Elżanowski, Marek Z., and Serge Preston. "Continuously defective crystals with a prescribed dislocation density." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 11, no. 09 (October 2014): 1460034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887814600342.

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We analyze some aspects of the kinematic theory of non-uniformly defective elastic crystals. Concentrating on the problem of identifying continuous defective lattices possessing the given defectiveness, as defined by the dislocation density tensor, we investigate the relation between the dislocation density tensor and the Lie algebra of vector fields associated with a defective lattice.

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Dreyer, Stephan, Viola Paulus-Hock, Eirini-Maria Lampraki, Peter Bailey, David Kuang-Fu Chang, and Andrew Biankin. "Defining DDR defectiveness in pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 4115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.4115.

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4115 Background: Recent whole genome sequencing analysis of Pancreatic Cancer (PC) revealed that up to 24% of PC may harbor defects in DNA damage response (DDR). There is increasing evidence that DDR defective tumors preferentially respond to DNA damaging agents, representing novel therapeutic strategy for PC using a synthetic lethality approach. The aim of this study is to define and refine DDR defective phenotypes in PC using next-generation preclinical model systems. Methods: From a panel of 40 patient-derived cell lines (PDCL) and 64 patient-derived xenografts (PDX), generated and extensively characterized as part of the International Cancer Genome Initiative (ICGC), we identified DDR defective models using recently described putative biomarkers of DDR defectiveness. Cytotoxic viability assays were performed using a panel of DNA damaging agents and inhibitors of key molecules in DDR pathway, including Cisplatin, PARP inhibitors, ATR inhibitor (AZD6738); and ATM inhibitor (AZD0156). Appropriate subcutaneous PDX models were also generated to test the hypothesis using various therapeutic regimens. Results: DDR defective PDCLs were selected based on a combination of an unstable genome, and/or a high BRCA mutational signature, and/or deleterious mutations in BRCA1/2, PALB2 or ARID1A. DDR defective PDCLs were significantly more sensitive to Cisplatin, PARP and ATR inhibitors. The ATR inhibitor AZD6738, and ATM inhibitor AZD0156 sensitized PDCLs with no putative biomarkers of DDR defectiveness to Cisplatin, demonstrating a ‘fabricated’ synthetic lethality. A BRCA1 mutant PDX model responded exceptionally to Cisplatin and the PARP inhibitor Olaparib monotherapy. Conclusions: This study provides proof of concept data that DDR deficiency represents an attractive segment to target in PC using a variety of DNA damaging agents and novel agents targeting key molecules of the DDR pathway in PC. In addition, the DDR defective segment may be significantly larger than just germline BRCA1/2 mutants, which is current clinical trial recruitment criteria. Robust molecular assays with clinical utility to define DDR defectiveness is urgently needed.

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Robertson, Christian. "Defective Construction CGL Coverage: The Subcontractor Exception." Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review, no. 7.1 (2017): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.36639/mbelr.7.1.defective.

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In the construction industry, commercial general liability (CGL) insurance is the standard policy for managing property damage risks. Historically, CGL policies do not cover an insured’s own defective construction because the insured controls its own work and can reasonably foresee the damage that may result from defective work. But what about the defective work of an insured’s subcontractor? Practical considerations limit an insured's effective control of every aspect of a subcontractor’s work, and this limitation complicates the insured’s ability to foresee future risks. In 1986, the increasing involvement of subcontractors led general contractors to insist upon protection from subcontractor work risks in CGL policies. The insurance industry agreed upon and created the subcontractor exception. Insurers, however, have claimed that CGL policies exclude coverage for any defective work, including the work of a subcontractor. This Note discusses court decisions rejecting the categorical denial of coverage for any defective work and how courts have found coverage exists where a subcontractor’s defective work is beyond the insured’s effective control and not foreseeable. Over the past 15 years, 23 state supreme courts have ruled that CGL policies cover the defective workmanship of an insured’s subcontractor. To illustrate the trend toward coverage, the Note summarizes a recent Ohio appellate court decision as a case study of the issue.

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Chan, L. Y., M. Xie, and T. N. Goh. "Two-Stage Control Charts for High Yield Processes." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 04, no. 02 (June 1997): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539397000114.

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In this paper, a two-stage control chart for monitoring the defective rate of high-yield processes is proposed and studied. The Cumulative Count of Conforming control chart is generalized by using the number of items inspected until two defective items are observed. As this will increase the time to alarm, a two-stage approach combining both schemes is proposed. The occurrence of a defective within n1 items inspected in the first stage indicates that the process is out of control. If no defective occurs within n1 items inspected, the occurrence of two defectives within the next n2 - n1 in the second stage also indicates that the process is out of control. The probability of making a false alarm at the first and second stages are equal to α1 and α2, respectively. This procedure improves the sensitivity of the control chart in detecting shifting of the process defective rate p when p is at the parts-per-million order of magnitude.

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Damrongseree, Keeratipan, and Wipawee Tharmmaphornphilas. "Defective Reduction in an In-House Recycle Process of Hard Disk Drive Media." Applied Mechanics and Materials 627 (September 2014): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.627.304.

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This paper aims to reduce defectives in an in-house recycle process of hard disk drive media. The Six Sigma approach is applied to find out the factors which affect the sunray defect statistically and to obtain the optimal setting of each factor. Currently, defective rate is 23% and a sunray defect on media is identified as a major problem with 9.64% defective rate. It is found that a minimal defective rate of sunray defect is achieved with the setting of the load of rubber pusher at 106.5 gram, the spindle speed during tape move up at 2,500 rpm and the traverse speed of tape at 70 cm/min. Finally, the process with the optimal machine settings is implemented along with applying work instruction and training. It can reduce the defective rate from 9.64% to 3.2%.

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Najim, Dr Fariz Abdallah Hasan, and Dr Mohammed Kamel As'ad Abdelhadi. "Interpolated Hadith (Rules and regulations)." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 227, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v227i2.713.

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This research tackled and important subject, and that is the interpolated Hadith. This importance appears from the fact that the interpolated Hadith is one of the weak (daif) or defective hadith (moutal) .The interpolated is considered one of the reasons of defectiveness. The science of defectiveness as it is known is considered one of the must exact and difficult science of hadith. It is the top of the exact critical approach among the scholars of hadith. Therefore this research came to disclose to us all what is related to the interpolated Hadith. It also came with exact and pure scientific benefits. It shall - if god’s will - not be necessary to refer to its various resources, to reap its fruits and to harvest its flowers

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Orlova, L. V., and P. V. Zobov. "MEASURES TO REDUCE THE DEFECTIVENESS OF AVIATION PRODUCTS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 12 (February 3, 2021): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-12-70-75.

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The article considers the problems of reducing the quality of aviation products, leading to the loss of competitiveness of finished products and an increase in cost price. In the course of the study, the authors analysed the reasons for the appearance of defective products at an aviation manufacturing enterprise. Based on the information received using modern data processing methods, the paper determines the main weaknesses of the considered technological stage of aviation products. Having studied modern international quality standards in the field of aviation construction, the authors proposed measures that would reduce the number of defective products and increase the reliability and competitiveness of finished products. The article presents separately the model for evaluating the effectiveness of measures to reduce the defectiveness of aviation products. The paper carries out assessment of the proposed tactical measures to reduce the level of defective products, which will increase the economic performance of production activities in certain areas of production.

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Liivak, Taivo. "What Safety are We Entitled to Expect of Self-driving Vehicles?" Juridica International 28 (November 13, 2019): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2019.28.11.

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A manufacturer of self-driving vehicles could face claims involving assertions of the product’s defectiveness. Under the Product Liability Directive, a product is deemed defective when it does not provide the safety that a person is entitled to expect. Efforts to ascertain the possibility of defectiveness connected with a self-driving vehicle could necessitate evaluating the design of the vehicle, matters of human–machine interaction, and the role of the human in the relevant incident of damage. This article lays groundwork by considering the capabilities of self-driving vehicles, the role and expectations of human beings, and legislation aimed at ensuring safety and preventing damage. This discussion concretely situates the concept of the safety of self-driving vehicles in the context of product liability law, which is inherently preoccupied mainly with the consequences.

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Kurama, S., E. Eren, and R. Janssen. "Ultrasonic characterization of defective porcelain tiles." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 51, no. 4 (August 30, 2012): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.302012.

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Rojanarowan, Napassavong, and Angsumalin Senjuntichai. "Development of Efficient Washing System for Reduction of Oil Contamination on Machining Parts." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 1545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.1545.

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The objective of this study is to develop an efficient washing system to remove cutting oil from machining part surface. The proposed washing system consists of two processes: the dipping process and the modified automatic ultrasonic washing process. The automatic ultrasonic washing process is redesigned and developed to reduce operating cost and increase productivity from the previously developed machine. For this proposed system, experiments have been performed to determine the washing conditions that yield satisfactory proportion of defectives due to oil contamination. Under the suggested operating conditions, the proportion of defectives due to oil contamination is reduced from 12.8% to 1.78%, which leads to $16,800 defective cost reduction. The proposed washing system yields 42.9% increase in washing productivity. Furthermore, it as has more standard procedure than the current washing process.

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CHIBIROVA, F. KH. "MAGNETIC STRUCTURAL EFFECT IN NONEQUILIBRIUM DEFECTIVE SOLIDS." Modern Physics Letters B 19, no. 23 (October 20, 2005): 1119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905009018.

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Scientific study of the effect of structural memory of nonequilibrium defective solids about the processing in magnetic field (the magnetic structural effect (MSE)) was continued in this paper. The study was aimed to reveal the universal nature of the MSE, which was investigated in several new nonequilibrium defective solids. The results of investigation of the processing in the vortical magnetic field (PVMF) and its effect on the structure of the natural magnetite Fe 3 O 4 and the SnO 2 films were presented. The methods of Mössbauer and X-ray spectroscopy were used. The PVMF reduction of a defectiveness of Fe 3 O 4 structure in the magnetite was detected. The MSE was also observed in the Mössbauer spectra of diamagnetic tin oxide SnO 2 films after the PVMF. One of the possible explanations of the MSE was given in the paper.

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HE, QI-MING, YIGAL GERCHAK, and ABRAHAM GROSFELD-NIR. "OPTIMAL INSPECTION ORDER WHEN PROCESS’ FAILURE RATE IS CONSTANT." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 03, no. 01 (March 1996): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539396000041.

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Suppose that a lot has been produced by a process with a constant failure rate. So either the entire lot is good, or all units up to some point are good and from that point on are all defective. We wish to determine the order in which units in such lot should be inspected so as to minimize the expected number of inspections needed to identify all defectives. Unlike previous work in this area, we do not a priori assume that the last unit in the lot is defective, and that key difference turns out to dramatically influence the nature of the optimal inspection policy and the expected number of units inspected. After analyzing the optimal policy, we suggest a very simple and intuitive heuristic, which turns out to perform extremely well. Numerical results are provided.

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Polančec, Jurica. "VIDSKI NEUPARENI GLAGOLI U HRVATSKOM JEZIKU." Croatica : časopis za hrvatski jezik, književnost i kulturu 46, no. 66 (2022): 105–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/croatica.66.5.

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Alonzi, Tonino, Diego Maritano, Barbara Gorgoni, Gabriella Rizzuto, Claude Libert, and Valeria Poli. "Essential Role of STAT3 in the Control of the Acute-Phase Response as Revealed by Inducible Gene Activation in the Liver." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 5 (March 1, 2001): 1621–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.5.1621-1632.2001.

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ABSTRACT We generated mice carrying a STAT3 allele amenable to Cre-mediated deletion and intercrossed them with Mx-Cre transgenic mice, in which the expression of Cre recombinase can be induced by type I interferon. Interferon-induced deletion of STAT3 occurred very efficiently (more than 90%) in the liver and slightly less efficiently (about 70%) in the bone marrow. Analysis of the induction of liver acute-phase genes in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide unequivocally identifies STAT3 as a fundamental mediator of their induction. The different degrees of defectiveness displayed by the various genes allowed us to differentiate them into three separate groups according to their degree of dependence on STAT3. Induction was totally defective for group I genes, defective at 24 h but almost normal at earlier time points for group II genes, and only slightly defective for group III genes. This division was in good agreement with the known structures of the respective promoters. We also found that the overall induction of the transcription factors C/EBPβ and -δ was only minimally defective in the absence of STAT3. Finally, even though corticosterone levels and action were found to be normal in the conditional-mutant mice, production of both proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines was increased and prolonged, probably as a result of STAT3 deletion in macrophages.

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Svalina, Ilija, Dražen Turinski, Ivan Grgić, and Sara Havrlišan. "Possibilities of Evaluating the Dimensional Acceptability of Workpieces Using Computer Vision." Tehnički glasnik 17, no. 1 (February 2, 2023): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20221109143423.

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This paper discusses the possibilities of an automated solution for determining dimensionally accurate and defective products using a computer vision system. In a real industrial environment, research was conducted on a prototype of a quality control machine, i.e. a machine that, based on product images, evaluates whether the product is accurate or defective using computer vision. Various geometric features are extracted from the obtained images of products, on the basis of which a fuzzy inference system based on Fuzzy C-means clustering features is created. The extracted geometric features represent the input variables, and the output variable has two values - true and false. The root mean square error in the evaluation of the accuracy and defectiveness of products ranges between 0.07 and 0.16. Through this research, valuable findings and conclusions were reached for the future research, since this topic is poorly examined in the most renowned databases.

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Strugalski, Tomasz. "Dualizm środków zaskarżenia wadliwych uchwał wspólników w spółce z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością." Ius et Administratio 47, no. 2 (2023): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/iuseta.2022.2.3.

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The article deals with the problem of dualism of means of challenging defective shareholder resolutions in a limited liability company. The overall objective of the article is to compare legal effects of the action to declare the invalidity of a resolution with action for its revoking. Therefore, it is needed to look deeper into defectiveness of the legal act regulations. The main conclusion of the legal discussion is that our domestic regulations (Art. 249 and 252 Polish Commercial Companies Code) provide two separate actions which have identical legal effects.

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Ramkumar.T.B, Ramkumar T. B. "Maximum Allowable Proportion Defective (MAPD) --- A Quality Measure." Indian Journal of Applied Research 3, no. 6 (October 1, 2011): 524–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/june2013/176.

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Петрова, Елена, Elena Petrova, Наталья Чернопольская, Natal'ya Chernopol'skaya, Надежда Маркова, and Nadezhda Markova. "APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL METHODS OF CONTROL FOR ESTIMATION OF STABILITY OF DAIRY PRODUCTION." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 4 (January 18, 2018): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a5f0c5a0a0a66.83025820.

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The article presents the results of an estimation of defectiveness level of sour-milk production (on an example kefir), developed on one of dairy factories of region. To assess the level of defect, statistical methods of control are used - a checklist for the registration of defective products, a control p-chart and Ishikava diagram. The initial data were obtained at the stage of quality control of finished product and entered in the developed form of the control sheet for product defects. The most common defect in the production is established - the leakage of the package, which can be assessed visually, and not with the help of measuring instruments. For evaluation and subsequent analysis of the reasons for the appearance of the established defect, a control p-chart was used on an alternative basis, which makes it possible to control the quality of manufactured products by the number of defective products. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, it was established that the technological process, from the point of view of statistical forecasting, is acceptable, but this does not mean a high production stability and does not exclude the appearance of defective products. The analysis of the main reasons for the emergence of unsealed packaging products, among them the qualification of personnel, the quality of the used materials and the conditions for their storage, the production environment, compliance with production technology, and others. A subsequent study of the impact of each of these factors will prevent the appearance of defective products and ensure the production of consistently high quality products.

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Gautam, Prerna, Sumit Maheshwari, Ahmad Hasan, Amrina Kausar, and Chandra K. Jaggi. "Optimal inventory strategies for an imperfect production system with advertisement and price reliant demand under rework option for defectives." RAIRO - Operations Research 56, no. 1 (January 2022): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021188.

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Every industrial sector emits carbon emissions during production, which is always a major concern for environmental practitioners. To resolve this, innovative and smart ways are required that are not only cost-effective but also environmentally savvy. Moreover, the production processes are also prone to various imperfections, and thus the production of defectives is quite pragmatic. The handling of such defective products varies from industry to industry and type of products. The present study constructs an inventory model to handle the defective products via a proficient rework strategy that makes the product fit to be sold at the primary price. Here, the demand for the product is assumed to be dependent on the selling price and advertisements. The model also considers the energy usage during the production and the cost of carbon emissions while optimizing the production batch size and selling price. Optimality is proved graphically by using the software Mathematica 11.3.0. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis for all the parameters is performed to impart managerial insights and robustness to the model.

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Gandhiya Vendhan, S., and K. Chitraleka. "Theory of Runs Sampling Plan through Maximum Allowable Percent Defectives." YMER Digital 21, no. 06 (June 29, 2022): 1133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.06/a9.

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In this paper, Statistical Quality Control of acceptance sampling plan approaches and their applications-oriented articles are considered. In this study on a new design of the theory of runs sampling plan concerning a single sampling plan through maximum allowable percent, defective is used. This plan is used to introduce a new product in the first trial item inspection. The product trial is very important for the sustainability of the product in the long run. This design is used to inspect each item one by one, and fraction defectives have to be much less than or equal to 1%. Then the product is get accepted and the process is continued. The main aim of this design is to make the producer gives the product and the consumer buy it with maximum quality and a minimum of risk. Product quality and consumer satisfaction are vital as far as a product is concerned. So, it helps to save money and time, and the item level will be increased. Producer risk level and consumer risk level will be minimized. Keywords: Theory of Runs, Maximum Allowable Percent Defective (MAPD), Poisson distribution, producer and consumer risk.

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Xu Guobin, 徐国彬, 于艺铭 Yu Yiming, 李洁 Li Jie, 王小菊 Wang Xiaoju, 陈茜 Chen Xi, and 王琪 Wang Qi. "基于改进BSCB算法的缺陷国画类数字图像修复研究." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 59, no. 10 (2022): 1010002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202259.1010002.

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dos Santos Silva, Marta, Duncan Fairgrieve, Eleonora Rajneri, Anne Keirse, Piotr Machnikowski, Jean-Sébastien Borghetti, Pedro García, et al. "Relevance of Risk-benefit for Assessing Defectiveness of a Product: A Comparative Study of Thirteen European Legal Systems." European Review of Private Law 29, Issue 1 (March 1, 2021): 91–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2021005.

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Under Council Directive 85/374/EEC, liability of a producer crucially depends upon the proof of a product’s defectiveness. This central notion of the Directive has however long been the source of debate regarding the extent to which it is grounded in a solely safetybased approach, or whether a risk-benefit approach may be admitted. The defectiveness concept is now subject to a growing body of case law. This article examines how the courts in a selection of Member States (MS) approach the notion of defect and take account of riskbenefit considerations in determining whether a product is defective. It aims, first, at lowering the level of complexity which was added to the definition of defect in theDirective by the discretion given to national courts on the applicable standard of liability. Second, it means to show the real level and scope of harmonization of the product liability law in the EU by revealing differences that still exist in the interpretation of seemingly harmonized laws. Third, it aims to contribute to the clarification of whether the risk-benefit test is compliant with the spirit of the Directive, and thereby informing policy makers at a time where the guidelines of interpretation of the Directive are being prepared.

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McQueen, Cydney E. "Dietary Supplements: Defective Products, Defective Standards." Hospital Pharmacy 51, no. 3 (March 2016): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/hpj5103-195.

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Рудык, Н. Н., О. И. Ильин, М. В. Ильина, С. А. Хубежов, А. А. Федотов, and О. А. Агеев. "Влияние параметров метода PECVD на рост углеродных нанотрубок для устройств нанопьезотроники." Журнал технической физики 91, no. 10 (2021): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2021.10.51365.96-21.

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The results of experimental studies of the influence of the growth temperature and the thickness of the catalytic layer on the geometric and structural parameters of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are presented. It is shown that the use of a TiN-based sublayer makes it possible to provide a low resistivity during the direct growth of CNTs on a conducting contact. It was found that for the formation of the best piezoelectric response, it is necessary to form the most defective CNTs. It is shown that the degree of defectiveness of CNTs can be controlled during their growth. A relationship has been established between the geometric and structural parameters of CNTs that affect the piezoelectric response. The potential applicability of CNTs for the creation of nanopiezotronic devices (nanogenerators, energy nanocarvesters) on their basis is shown.

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Johnson, Walter H., Fred A. Sunahara, and Jack P. Landolt. "Importance of the vestibular system in visually induced nausea and self-vection." Journal of Vestibular Research 9, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-1999-9202.

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The objective of this study was to determine the importance, if any, of the non-auditory labyrinth of the inner ear in visually induced nausea and self-vection in subjects exposed to a moving visual field with and without concomitant pitching head movements. Subjects teated were 15 normals, 18 unilateral labyrinthectomies and 6 bilateral labyrinthectomies. The findings show a higher incidence of pseudo-Coriolis induced nausea in normal subjects compared to unilateral and bilateral labyrinthectomized subjects. When the subjects were exposed to the moving visual field only (no head movement), pronounced self-vection occurred in all subjects, but with earlier onset in the bilateral labyrinthine defective subjects as compared to normal and unilateral defective subjects. The subjective intensities of self-vections reported by labyrinth-defectives were much more pronounced as compared to normal subjects, and it is apparent that visual input in these subjects achieves much more importance in maintaining compensatory eye movements, and the gain of neck reflexes is enhanced. The findings that visual stimulation is more effective in producing the disabling effects after labyrinthine destruction could possibly be explained by enhancement of vision after loss of labyrinthine sensory input, and the gain in neck reflexes is also enhanced after labyrinthectomy.

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Tam, Thomas Ho Yuen, Bruno Catarino, and Liam Dolan. "Conserved regulatory mechanism controls the development of cells with rooting functions in land plants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 29 (July 6, 2015): E3959—E3968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416324112.

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Land plants develop filamentous cells—root hairs, rhizoids, and caulonemata—at the interface with the soil. Members of the group XI basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors encoded by LOTUS JAPONICUS ROOTHAIRLESS1-LIKE (LRL) genes positively regulate the development of root hairs in the angiosperms Lotus japonicus, Arabidopsis thaliana, and rice (Oryza sativa). Here we show that auxin promotes rhizoid and caulonema development by positively regulating the expression of PpLRL1 and PpLRL2, the two LRL genes in the Physcomitrella patens genome. Although the group VIII bHLH proteins, AtROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE6 and AtROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE SIX-LIKE1, promote root-hair development by positively regulating the expression of AtLRL3 in A. thaliana, LRL genes promote rhizoid development independently of PpROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE SIX-LIKE1 and PpROOT HAIR DEFECITVE SIX-LIKE2 (PpRSL1 and PpRSL2) gene function in P. patens. Together, these data demonstrate that both LRL and RSL genes are components of an ancient auxin-regulated gene network that controls the development of tip-growing cells with rooting functions among most extant land plants. Although this network has diverged in the moss and the angiosperm lineages, our data demonstrate that the core network acted in the last common ancestor of the mosses and angiosperms that existed sometime before 420 million years ago.

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LUTZE, MARGARET, JOEL POKORNY, and VIVIANNE C. SMITH. "Achromatic parvocellular contrast gain in normal and color defective observers: Implications for the evolution of color vision." Visual Neuroscience 23, no. 3-4 (May 2006): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523806233078.

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The PC pathway conveys both chromatic and achromatic information, with PC neurons being more responsive to chromatic (L−M) than to achromatic (L+M) stimuli. In considering the evolution of color vision, it has been suggested that the dynamic range of chromatic PC-pathway processing is tuned to the chromatic content of the natural environment. Anomalous trichromats, with reduced separation of their L- and M-cone spectral sensitivities, have diminished chromatic input to PC-pathway cells. Dichromats, with absent L or M cones, should have no chromatic input to PC-pathway cells. Therefore, the PC-pathway dynamic range of color defectives should be released from any constraint imposed by the chromatic environment. Here we ask whether this results in compensatory enhancement of achromatic PC-pathway processing in color defectives. This study employed a psychophysical method designed to isolate PC-pathway processing using achromatic stimuli. In a pulsed-pedestal condition, a four-square stimulus array appeared within a uniform surround. During a trial, one of the test squares differed from the other three, and the observer's task was to choose the square that was different. A four-alternative, forced-choice method was used to determine thresholds as a function of the contrast of the four-square array to the surround. Seven color defective and four normal observers participated. Results showed no systematic differences between normals and color defectives. There was no enhancement of achromatic processing as compensation for reduced chromatic processing in the PC-pathway system in color defectives. From physiological recordings, PC-pathway achromatic contrast gains of dichromatic and trichromatic New World primates and trichromatic Old World macaques have also been shown to be similar to each other. Our study and the animal studies imply that PC-pathway contrast gain parameters were regulated by factors other than the environmental chromaticity gamut, and may have arisen in a nontrichromatic common ancestor to both Old and New World primates.

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K Sodhi, Dr Punita. "Are X-Chrome Lenses An Occupational Succor for the Colour Vision Defectives?" Journal of Advanced Research in Medical Science & Technology 1, no. 1&2 (May 16, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2394.6539.201701.

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Bonewald, Lynda F. "Does Defective Bone Lead to Defective Muscle?" Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 30, no. 4 (March 25, 2015): 593–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2491.

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Wnukiewicz-Kozłowska, Agata, and Urszula Dorota Drozdowska. "Causal Effect Relationship in Medical Cases. An Old Problem in a New Scenario. Commentary to CJEU Judgment (Second Chamber) of 21 June 2017, N.W. & Others V. Sanofi Pasteur MSD & Others, Case C-621/15, EU:C:2017:484. Approbative Gloss." Review of European and Comparative Law 46, no. 3 (August 21, 2021): 263–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.12264.

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This commentary evaluates the problem in assessing the role of a causal connection between damage and the use of a defective medical product, specifically a vaccine. The judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the Sanofi Pasteur Case, which allowed the possibility of recognizing damage claims, even in cases where the prevailing scientific theory claims that there is no scientific evidence of a causal link between a vaccination and the disease, became a base for consideration. Consequently, procedural solutions (such as the standard of proof required, the admissibility of prima facie evidence reasoning and other solutions in cases of an uncertain causation) remain to be decided by national law. The authors assessed two legal systems: the French and Polish legal systems in the context of how to resolve these dilemmas and to describe the impact of the above-mentioned judgment on the case-law of French and Polish courts as regards the application of Directive 85/374/EEC. As a result, they concluded that the most important interpretative motive has become the individual interest of the vaccination’s victim as a consumer of medical services. It seems to be in accordance with Directive 85/374/EEC, which is motivated by the necessity of approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning the liability of the producer for damage caused by the defectiveness of his products. However, since the existing divergences may distort competition and affect the movement of goods within the common market and entail a differing degree of protection of the consumer against damage caused by a defective product to his health or property, in countries belonging to the European Union, the authors wonder how the commented judgment will affect the further development of consumers protection against defective vaccines.

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Chen, B., X. D. Hu, and F. K. Hwang. "Optimal Binomial Group Testing with a Test History." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 4, no. 4 (October 1990): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800001807.

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The classical binomial group-testing problem considers the use of a minimal number of group tests to identify all defectives in a set of items, each of which independently has probability p of being defective. The minimization problem is very difficult, and the only major result is that for p ≥ (3 - □ root;5) /2, Unger proved that one-by-one testing is the best. Recently, to study the complexity of the group-testing problem, researchers have considered the more general case in which the items have already been tested. Interestingly, Unger's result still holds in this case. However, since the items are no longer equivalent (nor independent), the sequencing of items of testing becomes a legitimate problem, one that did not arise in the classical case. In this paper, we give optimal sequencing under general conditions on the test history.

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Jaggi, Chandra K., Mandeep Mittal, Jyoti Gulia, Pankaj Singh, and Ruchi Sharma. "Credit Financing in Economic Ordering Policies for Defective Items with Order Overlapping." International Journal of Modeling and Optimization 4, no. 1 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmo.2014.v4.337.

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Zhu Yanjing, 朱砚菁, 梅永 Mei Yong, and 王身云 Wang Shenyun. "基于缺陷微波光子晶体的冷等离子体电磁参数诊断." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 59, no. 5 (2022): 0535001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202259.0535001.

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SUNCAK, Atilla, and Özlem AKTAŞ. "Hibrit bir Derin Öğrenme Yöntemi Kullanarak Türkçe Cümlelerdeki Anlatım Bozukluklarının Tespiti." Deu Muhendislik Fakultesi Fen ve Muhendislik 24, no. 72 (September 19, 2022): 825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2022247212.

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Anlatım bozukluğu, Türkçe cümlelerde hem anlamsal hem de biçimsel belirsizlikleri ifade eden bir dilbilgisi terimidir. Daha önceki çalışmalarda, kural tabanlı dile özgü modeller oluşturularak Doğal Dil İşleme (DDİ) teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, daha az talepkar açıklama gereksinimlerine ve harici bilgiyi birleştirme kolaylığına rağmen, kural tabanlı sistemler, işleme verimliliği açısından bazı büyük engellere sahiptir. Uzun Kısa-Süreli Bellek (UKSB (ing: LSTM)) veya Evrişimsel Sinir Ağları (ESA (ing: CNN)) gibi derin öğrenme teknikleri son yıllarda büyük ilerlemeler kaydetmiş, bu da DDİ uygulamalarında performans açısından benzeri görülmemiş bir artışa yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada, anlatım bozukluklarını tespit etmek için UKSB ve ESA'nın hibrit modeli olan bir derin öğrenme yaklaşımı (E-UKSB (ing: C-LSTM)) ve buna ek olarak sonuçları doğruluk açısından karşılaştırmak için Destek Vektör Makinesi (DVM (ing: SVM)) ve Rastgele Orman (RO (ing: RF)) gibi geleneksel makine öğrenmesi sınıflandırıcıları önerilmiştir. Önerilen hibrit model, geleneksel DVM ve rastgele orman sınıflandırıcılarına ek olarak, ESA ve UKSB’nin mevcut modellerinden daha yüksek başarım elde etmiştir. Bu durum, metin sınıflandırma için geleneksel sınıflandırıcılara kıyasla derin sinirsel yaklaşımların daha çok ön plana çıktığını göstermektedir.

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Rajchard, J., and V. Rajchard. "Defective wing development in black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) – case report." Veterinární Medicína 48, No. 12 (March 30, 2012): 373–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5793-vetmed.

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In 2000–2001 juvenile individuals of black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) were repeatedly found in a Nadeje fishpond system in the Trebon Basin Area that were incapable of flying, with deformed wings. The investigation proved the rotation of metacarpal bones and luxation of the carpal joint. The Roentgen photograph did not show any consequences of any fracture, but this was evidently a post-traumatic state. A possible explanation is traumatisation of developing wings in young birds that got stuck by their wings in viscous mud around the nest colony.

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Tornjova-Randelova, Savina G. "Some aspects on the dermatoglyphics of normal and defective children in Bulgaria." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 52, no. 4 (December 13, 1994): 351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/52/1994/351.

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37

Cooper, Barry. "Defective Notions." Musical Times 132, no. 1782 (August 1991): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/965881.

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38

Gerstner, Ed. "Defective quality." Nature 425, no. 6961 (October 2003): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/425912b.

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RAWORTH, TOM. "Defective definitions." Critical Quarterly 36, no. 4 (December 1994): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8705.1994.tb00534.x.

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40

Kuban, David S. "DEFECTIVE RESTORATIONS." Journal of the American Dental Association 140, no. 9 (September 2009): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2009.0319.

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41

Southwell, Karen. "Defective sculpture." Nature 394, no. 6695 (August 1998): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/29398.

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Miller, Colin. "Defective Goods:." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 22, no. 8 (December 1994): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590559410074903.

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Greenwood, Emma. "Defective division." Nature Reviews Cancer 2, no. 4 (April 2002): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc782.

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Gupta, Anju, and Dr Nishkarsh Gupta. "Defective Y." Sri Lankan Journal of Anaesthesiology 21, no. 1 (February 23, 2013): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/slja.v21i1.4996.

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45

Thomas, G. A. "Defective medicine." BMJ 342, may18 1 (May 18, 2011): d3111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d3111.

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Yadav, Ajay Kumar, and Monika . "Defective reaction." International Journal of Homoeopathic Sciences 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26164485.2022.v6.i4g.693.

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ABDULLAH, AMIRALI, JOHN MOELLER, and SURESH VENKATASUBRAMANIAN. "APPROXIMATE BREGMAN NEAR NEIGHBORS IN SUBLINEAR TIME: BEYOND THE TRIANGLE INEQUALITY." International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applications 23, no. 04n05 (August 2013): 253–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218195913600066.

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Bregman divergences are important distance measures that are used extensively in data-driven applications such as computer vision, text mining, and speech processing, and are a key focus of interest in machine learning. Answering nearest neighbor (NN) queries under these measures is very important in these applications and has been the subject of extensive study, but is problematic because these distance measures lack metric properties like symmetry and the triangle inequality. In this paper, we present the first provably approximate nearest-neighbor (ANN) algorithms for a broad sub-class of Bregman divergences under some assumptions. Specifically, we examine Bregman divergences which can be decomposed along each dimension and our bounds also depend on restricting the size of our allowed domain. We obtain bounds for both the regular asymmetric Bregman divergences as well as their symmetrized versions. To do so, we develop two geometric properties vital to our analysis: a reverse triangle inequality (RTI) and a relaxed triangle inequality called μ-defectiveness where μ is a domain-dependent value. Bregman divergences satisfy the RTI but not μ-defectiveness. However, we show that the square root of a Bregman divergence does satisfy μ-defectiveness. This allows us to then utilize both properties in an efficient search data structure that follows the general two-stage paradigm of a ring-tree decomposition followed by a quad tree search used in previous near-neighbor algorithms for Euclidean space and spaces of bounded doubling dimension. Our first algorithm resolves a query for a d-dimensional (1 + ε)-ANN in [Formula: see text] time and O(n log d-1 n) space and holds for generic μ-defective distance measures satisfying a RTI. Our second algorithm is more specific in analysis to the Bregman divergences and uses a further structural parameter, the maximum ratio of second derivatives over each dimension of our allowed domain (c0). This allows us to locate a (1 + ε)-ANN in O( log n) time and O(n) space, where there is a further (c0)d factor in the big-Oh for the query time.

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Jo, Heeyeon, and Jeongtae Kim. "Regularized Auto-Encoder-Based Separation of Defects from Backgrounds for Inspecting Display Devices." Electronics 8, no. 5 (May 12, 2019): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050533.

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We investigated a novel method for separating defects from the background for inspecting display devices. Separation of defects has important applications such as determining whether the detected defects are truly defective and the quantification of the degree of defectiveness. Although many studies on estimating patterned background have been conducted, the existing studies are mainly based on the approach of approximation by low-rank matrices. Because the conventional methods face problems such as imperfect reconstruction and difficulty of selecting the bases for low-rank approximation, we have studied a deep-learning-based foreground reconstruction method that is based on the auto-encoder structure with a regression layer for the output. In the experimental studies carried out using mobile display panels, the proposed method showed significantly improved performance compared to the existing singular value decomposition method. We believe that the proposed method could be useful not only for inspecting display devices but also for many applications that involve the detection of defects in the presence of a textured background.

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Ali, Safaa H., Saad S. Mohammed, Mohsin E. Al-Dokheily, and Laith Algharagholy. "Photocatalytic Activity of Defective TiO2-x for Water Treatment/Methyl Orange Dye Degradation." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 16, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht16.04.639.

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This study is designed to highlight photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles in methyl orange (MO) dye degradation. Titanium dioxide TiO2 nanopowder was synthesized by conventional sol-gel method and calcined in air atmosphere at different temperatures 350C, 550C and 850C. The prepared TiO2 nanoparticles then were subjected to a solid state reaction with calcium hydride (CaH2) at the same temperatures but calcined in argon atmosphere. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements used for phase and crystalline size identification showed that the obtained samples have the same TiO2 anatase phase, but the crystalline size decreased after reduction treatment. The electronic properties obtained via UV spectroscopy showed the decrease in calculated energy gap from 3.3 eV for prepared TiO2-550 to 2.65 eV for reduced TiO2-CaH2-550, which extend the absorption spectra toward visible light region. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements revealed that the particle size decreased after reduction treatment similar to the XRD crystalline size. EDS results indicated that the deficient in oxygen content relates to formation oxygen vacancies responsible for nonstoichiometric TiO2-x oxides formation. The synthesized reduced TiO2 showed an excellent photo-catalytic activity in methyl orange dye degradation under optimum condition: pH 4.5, 40 mg catalyst loading and 10 ppm initial dye concentration.

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Shaalan, Nagih M., Faheem Ahmed, Mohamed Rashad, Osama Saber, Shalendra Kumar, Abdullah Aljaafari, Adil Ashoaibi, Amera Z. Mahmoud, and Mohammed Ezzeldien. "Low-Temperature Ethanol Sensor via Defective Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes." Materials 15, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 4439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134439.

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This paper focuses on the fabrication of defective-induced nanotubes via the catalytic chemical vapor deposition method and the investigation of their properties toward gas sensing. We have developed defective multi-walled carbon nanotubes with porous and crystalline structures. The catalyst layer used in CNTs’ growth here was based on 18 and 24 nm of Ni, and 5 nm of Cr deposited by the dc-sputtering technique. The CNTs’ defects were characterized by observing the low graphite peak (G-band) and higher defect peaks (D-band) in the Raman spectrum. The defectives sites are the main source of the sensitivity of materials toward different gases. Thus, the current product was used for sensing devices. The device was subjected to various gases such as NO, NO2, CO, acetone, and ethanol at a low operating temperature of 30 °C and a concentration of 50 ppm. The sensor was observed to be less sensitive to most gas while showing the highest response towards ethanol gas. The sensor showed the highest response of 8.8% toward ethanol at 30 °C of 50 ppm, and a low response of 2.8% at 5 ppm, which was investigated here. The signal repeatability of the present sensor showed its capability to detect ethanol at much lower concentrations and at very low operating temperatures, resulting in reliability and saving power consumption. The gas sensing mechanism of direct interaction between the gas molecules and nanotube surface was considered the main. We have also proposed a sensing mechanism based on Coulomb dipole interaction for the physical adsorption of gas molecules on the surface.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Defectivene'

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