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1

CASAROTTI, ALEX. "Difettività e Identificabilità: un punto di vista geometrico sull'analisi tensoriale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1237615.

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Data una varietà proiettiva $ X \subset \mathbb{P} ^ N $ possiamo definire la varietà $ h-$secante $ \mathbb{S}ec_h (X) \subset \mathbb{P} ^ N $ come la chiusura nella topologia di Zariski di tutti i punti $ p \in \mathbb{P} ^ N $ contenuti in uno spazio lineare $ \mathbb {P}^{h-1} $ $ h-$secante rispetto a $ X $. La varietà $ X $ si dice essere $ h-$identificabile se il punto generale $ p \in \mathbb{S}ec_h (X) $ può essere espresso in modo univoco come una combinazione lineare $ p = \lambda_1 p_1 + \dots + \lambda_h p_h $ con $ p_1, \dots, p_h $ punti di $ X $. Grazie al lemma di Terracini è possibile riformulare il problema delle dimensioni secanti e dell'identificabilità nel contesto della geometria birazionale. Ciò si traduce nello studio della dimensione e delle singolarità dei sistemi lineari della forma $ | \mathcal {O} _X (1) \otimes \mathcal {I} _ {p_1 ^ 2, \dots, p_h ^ 2} | $, ovvero sistemi lineari di sezioni iperpiane di $ X $ singolari in $ h $ punti generali. Nell'area dell'analisi tensoriale queste nozioni sono legate alle proprietà della decomposizione tensoriale. Per le applicazioni che vanno dalla biologia al Blind Signal Separation, algoritmi di compressione dei dati e analisi di mixture models l'unicità delle decomposizioni tensoriali consente di risolvere il problema una volta determinata la soluzione. In questa tesi si studia la relazione tra difettività e identificabilità. Viene mostrato come collegare la geometria del luogo di contatto tangenziale al difetto secante, dimostrando che sotto opportune condizioni numeriche la non $ h-$difettività implica la $ (h-1)-$identificabilità, dove $ h $ è strettamente minore del rango generico. Grazie a queste tecniche è possibile migliorare i risultati di identificabilità nel caso di molte importanti varietà tensoriali quali Veronese, Segre e Grassmanniane. Nel caso dell'identificabilità generica invece, vengono studiate le singolarità del sistema lineare tangenziale. Da questo, insieme alle classiche disuguaglianze di Noether-Fano, si ottiene un nuovo risultato sull'identificabilità generica di molti tensori parzialmente simmetrici. Successivamente viene studiata la difettività per le varietà Flag, ovvero speciali varietà tensoriali che parametrizzano particolari configurazioni di spazi vettoriali $ 0 \subset V_1 \subset \dots \subset V_k \subset \mathbb {P} ^ N $. Grazie ad un adattamento della tecnica di proiezione osculante dovuta ad Araujo, Massarenti e Rischter, si dimostrano nuovi risultati sulla difettività secante e sull'identificabilità di queste varietà. Viene in seguito introdotta e studiata la nuova nozione di $ (h, s) -$difettività tangenziale debole e applicata nel caso delle varietà di Segre-Veronese. Infine lo studio delle varietà secanti nel caso delle varietà di Veronese ha permesso anche di verificare la congettura di Comon in alcuni casi non noti precedentemente
Given a projective variety $X \subset \mathbb{P}^N$ we can define its $h-$secant variety $\mathbb{S}ec_h(X) \subset \mathbb{P}^N$, i.e. the Zariski closure of all points $p \in \mathbb{P}^N$ lying on a $\mathbb{P}^{h-1}$ which is $h-$secant to $X$. The variety $X$ is said to be $h-$identifiable if the general point $p \in \mathbb{S}ec_h(X)$ can be expressed uniquely as a linear combination $p=\lambda_1p_1+\dots+\lambda_hp_h$ with $p_1,\dots,p_h$ points of $X$. Thanks to Terracini's lemma it is possible to rephrase the problem of secant dimensions and identifiability in the birational setting. This turns out in the study of the dimension and the singularities of linear systems of the form $|\mathcal{O}_X(1)\otimes \mathcal{I}_{p_1^2,\dots,p_h^2}|$, i.e. hyperplane divisor of $X$ singular at $h$ general points. In the area of tensor analysis these notions are related to the properties of tensor decomposition. For applications ranging from biology to Blind Signal Separation, data compression algorithms and analysis of mixture models, uniqueness of decompositions allows to solve the problem once a solution is determined. The thesis studies the relation between defectiveness and identifiability. It is shown how to link the geometry of the tangential contact locus to the secant defect, proving that under mild numerical conditions the non $h-$secant defectiveness imply the $(h-1)-$identifiability, where $h$ is less than the generic rank. With our techinques it is possible to give new bounds for the identifiability in the case of many important tensor varieties such as Veronese, Segre and Grassmannians. In the case of generic identifiability it is studied the nested singularities of tangential linear system. With this, together with the classical Noether-Fano inequalities, it is proved a new statement on generic identifiability of many partially symmetric tensors. Next it is studied the defectiveness for Flag varieties, i.e. special tensor varieties parametrizing chains of vector spaces $0 \subset V_1 \subset \dots \subset V_k \subset \mathbb{P}^N$. We improve the osculating projection techinque from Araujo, Massarenti and Rischter, giving completely new bounds on secant defectiveness and identifiability. The new notion of $(h,s)-$tangential weak defectiveness is introduced and studied for the case of Segre-Veronese varieties. The study of Secant varieties of Veronese embedding allowed also to check Comon's conjecture under improved numerical bounds.
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2

CRAPANZANO, ROBERTA. "Insight into ZnO luminescence to engineer nanoparticles for X-Ray based cancer treatment." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/366193.

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Nanoparticles disclose unique properties that enable their applications in different fields, such as energy, catalysis, opto-electronics, and medicine. At the nanosize, the surface-to-volume ratio is increased, leading to the formation of defects that influence the resultant features, e.g. the catalytic and optical behaviours of the systems. Moreover, the high surface area and reactivity of nanoparticles allow their functionalization with several ligands, enhancing their versatility, especially in the biomedical field. Indeed, the accuracy and efficiency of several diagnoses and treatments may improve by implementing traditional strategies with targeted nano-agents. Among the nanomedicine researches, heavy nanoparticles are promising for the innovation of radiotherapy and for the development of novel oncological procedure, such as X-Ray induced photodynamic therapy, that exploits the combination of nanoscintillators and photosensitizers. In this context, ZnO is of particular interest. Indeed, ZnO is a wide band gap semiconductor that displays emissions in the visible region of the spectrum, surface reactivity, and biocompatibility. Moreover, upon X-Ray exposure, ZnO can generate cytotoxic species both directly, due to its catalytic activity, and indirectly, by activating the close photosensitizers, due to its ability to down-convert X-Ray photons into visible ones. This thesis focuses on the study of ZnO NPs for the innovation of X-Ray based cancer therapies. In detail, a fundamental investigation of the optical and catalytic properties of several ZnO samples is performed and used as background to design and develop ZnO based multicomponent nanosystems. Namely, the optical features of ZnO samples with different sizes (nanometric, micrometric, and bulk) and growth conditions are investigated by photoluminescence and radioluminescence techniques aiming at deepening the comprehension of the impact of morphology on the material defectiveness. A Gaussian reconstruction of all the spectra identifies in ZnO luminescence as many as five emission bands (one related to excitons and four to defects), whose spectral shapes and time decays vary with the dimensionality and the synthesis procedure. Moreover, the test of the ability of various nanosized ZnO sample to promote the production of different cytotoxic species unveils that their radio-catalytic activity is affected by the type and concentration of occurring point defects. Thus, by controlling the synthesis parameters and the morphology (size, shape, interfaces) of ZnO nanostructures, its defectiveness can be engineered to tune its optical and catalytic properties. Then, to realize a nano-agent for X-Ray induced photodynamic therapy, ZnO nanoparticles supported onto nanosized silica substrates with different porosity, are functionalized with various concentrations of porphyrins. The study of their optical properties reveals that, under light excitation, the dye luminescence is activated only by a rather poor re-absorption mechanism. Differently, upon X-Ray exposure, the porphyrin emission sensitization is enhanced, especially at low concentrations and high energy of the ionizing beams, by the locally augmented energy deposition favoured by ZnO, as also confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. These findings highlight the synergic role of X-Ray and functionalization, paving the way for further studies on the impact of nano-agent design on its performances. This PhD project has been performed at the Department of Materials Science of the University of Milano-Bicocca, in collaboration with the NanoMat@Lab for the samples preparation and with Dr Anne-Laure Bulin of the Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine Group at the University of Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM, for the computational analysis.
Le nanoparticelle possiedono proprietà uniche che permettono il loro utilizzo in diversi settori, come la catalisi, l’opto-elettronica e la medicina. A livello nanometrico, il rapporto superficie-volume è alto, portando alla formazione di difetti che influenzano le proprietà del sistema, ad esempio le risposte catalitiche e ottiche. Inoltre, le elevate aree e reattività superficiali delle nanoparticelle consentono la loro funzionalizzazione con diversi leganti, incrementando la loro versatilità, soprattutto nell’ambito medico. L'accuratezza e l’efficacia di diagnosi e terapie può migliorare implementando le strategie tradizionali con nano-agenti. Tra i campi di ricerca in nanomedicina, nanoparticelle con alto numero atomico sono promettenti per innovare la radioterapia e per sviluppare nuove procedure oncologiche, come la terapia fotodinamica indotta dai raggi X, che sfrutta nanoscintillatori combinati a fotosensibilizzatori. In questo ambito, ZnO è di grande interesse. ZnO è un semiconduttore che mostra emissioni nello spettro del visibile, reattività superficiale e biocompatibilità. Inoltre, esposto ai raggi X, ZnO può generare specie citotossiche sia direttamente, grazie alla sua attività catalitica, sia indirettamente, attivando i vicini fotosensibilizzatori, grazie alla sua abilità di convertire i fotoni X in visibili. Questa tesi concerne lo studio di NPs di ZnO per l’innovazione di terapie oncologiche attivate dai raggi X. In dettaglio, un’analisi fondamentale delle proprietà ottiche e catalitiche di diversi campioni di ZnO è condotta e usata come base per progettare nanosistemi multicomponente a base di ZnO. In particolare, le proprietà ottiche di campioni di ZnO con diverse dimensioni (nanometriche, micrometriche e massive) e condizioni di crescita sono studiate con tecniche di fotoluminescenza e radioluminescenza con l’obiettivo di approfondire la comprensione del ruolo della morfologia sulla difettualità. L’analisi numerica di tutti gli spettri identifica nella luminescenza di ZnO un massimo di cinque bande di emissione (una attribuita agli eccitoni e quattro ai difetti), le cui forme spettrali e tempi di vita variano con la dimensione e la procedura di sintesi. Inoltre, lo studio dell’abilità di diversi campioni nanometrici di ZnO di produrre specie citotossiche rivela che la sua attività radio-catalitica dipende dal tipo e dalla concentrazione dei difetti di punto. Quindi, il controllo dei parametri di sintesi e della morfologia (dimensione, forma, interfacce) potrebbe permette l’ingegnerizzazione dei difetti e quindi delle proprietà ottiche e catalitiche. Per realizzare un nano-agente per la terapia fotodinamica indotta dai raggi X, nanoparticelle di ZnO, supportate su substrati nanometrici di silice con diversa porosità, sono funzionalizzate con varie concentrazioni di porfirine. Lo studio delle loro proprietà ottiche rivela che, sotto eccitazione ottica, la luminescenza della porfirina è attivata solo da un meccanismo di riassorbimento con efficienza limitata. Invece, sotto radiazione ionizzante, l’emissione della porfirina è ben sensibilizzata, specialmente a basse concentrazioni e alte energie del fascio di raggi X, grazie al locale aumento del deposito di energia favorito dalle nanoparticelle di ZnO, come confermato dalle simulazioni. Questi risultati evidenziano il ruolo sinergico dei raggi X e della funzionalizzazione, aprendo a ulteriori studi sull’impatto della progettazione del nano-agente sulle sue prestazioni. Questo progetto è stato condotto nel Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali dell’università di Milano-Bicocca e in collaborazione con il NanoMat@Lab per la preparazione dei campioni e con la Dottoressa Anne-Laure Bulin dell’università di Grenoble-Alpes per l’analisi computazionale.
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3

Backe-Hansen, Henrik. "Defective Pixel Correction." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11270.

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When using CMOS technology for image sensors, there is a possibility that any givenpixel is defective and will thus produce a value that does not correlate to the amount oflight it was subject to. As such, the processing unit will calculate a value that diersfrom the value produced if the transistor was working correctly. Having a pixel with adefective value can manifest itself as a light spot or a dark spot depending on whether thetransistor for that pixel is on or o. In some areas where the value of the defective pixeldoes not dier greatly from its neighbors, the image will not appear as degraded in theeyes of the viewer as if the defective value was in great contrast to its surroundings.Theability to compensate for the defective pixels with an algorithm will result in a morerobust device that is not required to function perfectly in order to produce an image. Italso translates into prot as a company can sell image sensors that would otherwise havebeen discarded by testing procedures.This report is organized with chapter 1 providing the introduction to the assignment interms of the nature of defective pixels and also creating a context with explanation asto why it is an important aspect of manufacturing image sensors .Chapter 2 describesthe development board that is utilized and how an embedded system can utilize a vhdlperipheral. It also shows what components will go into making an embedded system withthe required functionality. The theory behind components and techniques used in thisproject is in chapter 3. The vhdl les to be added to a peripheral so that they can beaccessed by the cpu, and the architectures of the vhdl les and microblaze are placedin chapter 4. Chapter 5 contains the simulations of the input images with dierentnoise levels and threshold levels in addition to tests designed to determine the embeddedsystems functional ability.The vhdl les and the microblaze systems are synthesized withthe resulting numbers revealed in chapter 6. The tools used in this project are listedin chapter 7 with their version number. Chapter 8 contains discussions regarding theresults and techniques in this project. The concluding remarks and the further work forthe project are in chapter 9 and 10, respectively. A list of terms will explain abbreviationsused in this report.i
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4

Probst, Ronald Dean. "Avoiding defective simple convalidation." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p029-0671.

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5

Carneireiro, Ana Paula Craig. "Classification and quantification of defective and non-defective coffees by FTIR and NIR spectroscopy." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9EBPQR.

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A major parameter directly related to coffee quality is the presence of defective beans, which impart negative sensory aspects to the beverage. The defects that contribute the most to the depreciation of the beverage quality are black, sour and immature beans. The conventional method used to assess the quality of roasted coffees is based on sensory evaluation, which, although reliable, is time-consuming and requires trained cupper experts. In view of the aforementioned, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of FTIR and NIR spectroscopy as practical techniques to assess the quality of coffees based on the presence of defective beans. Coffee beans were manually sorted into five classes: black, dark sour, immature, light sour and non-defective. Each of the coffee classes was roasted at three temperatures (220 °C, 235 °C and 250 °C) and to three roasting degrees (light, medium and dark) obtaining nine roasting conditions. Roasted coffee samples were ground, sieved and analyzed by DRIFTS, ATR-FTIR and NIR for a classification study. Results from PCA indicated that based on DRIFTS spectra, coffee samples could be discriminated into four major groups: (a) non-defective, (b) black, (c) dark sour and (d) light sour, with immature beans scattered among the sour samples. ATRFTIR provided the discrimination of the coffee samples, although not clearly, into two groups: (a) non-defective and light sour and (b) black, dark sour and immature, and NIR provided the discrimination into three major groups: (a) non-defective, light sour and immature, (b) dark sour, and (c) black. At all cases the variance among the samples led to the discrimination of the coffees primarily by their classes, regardless of roasting degree. Classification models for DRIFTS spectra were developed by LDA while classification models for ATR-FTIR and NIR were developed by Elastic net. High percentages of correct classification, up to 100%, were achieved with each of the techniques employed. The discriminating variables that contributed to the correct classification of the samples from the Elastic net models, for ATR-FTIR and NIR data, were extracted and provided the following interpretation of the models: (a) nondefective coffee was directly related to high levels of carbohydrates and lipids and lower levels of proteins and/or amino acids and caffeine; (b) light sour coffee was related to high levels of carbohydrates and caffeine; (c) dark sour coffee was directly associated with high levels of aliphatic acids and low levels of lipids; (d) black coffee was related to high levels of proteins and/or amino acids and low levels of lipids; and (e) immature coffee was related to high levels of proteins and/or amino acids and caffeine and low levels of lipids. In a second part of this study, blends of defective in admixture with non-defective coffee, with %defects ranging from 0% to 30% in steps of 3%, were produced and analyzed by ATR-FTIR and NIR for a quantification assay. PLSR was used to construct the models that provided satisfactory results. RMSEP values as low as 2.6% and R2 values as high as 0.956 in the validation set were achieved. Overall, NIR overcame ATR-FTIR in terms of robustness and accuracy.
A presença de grãos defeituosos é um importante parâmetro diretamente relacionado à qualidade do café, pois é associado a características sensoriais indesejáveis na bebida. Os grãos defeituosos que mais contribuem para a depreciação da bebida são os grãos pretos, ardidos e imaturos. O método convencional empregado na avaliação da qualidade de cafés torrados é baseado na análise sensorial da bebida ou prova de xícara, que demanda considerável tempo para ser executado, requer provadores treinados e depende de um controle rigoroso do grau de torração. Diante do exposto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial das técnicas espectroscópicas FTIR e NIR para a avaliação da qualidade de cafés com base na presença de grãos defeituosos. Grãos de café foram manualmente separados em cinco classes: sadio, ardido claro, ardido escuro, preto e imaturo. Cada uma das classes foi processada a três temperaturas (220 °C, 235 °C e 250 °C) e três níveis de torração (claro, médio e escuro) obtendo-se nove condições de torração. As amostras de café torrado foram então moídas, peneiradas e analisadas por DRIFTS, ATR-FTIR e NIR em um estudo classificatório. Os resultados de PCA indicaram que, com base nos espectros obtidos por DRIFTS, é possível discriminar as amostras em quatro grupos: (a) sadio, (b) preto, (c) ardido escuro e (d) ardido claro, com café imaturo dispersado entre os cafés ardidos. ATR-FTIR proporcionou a discriminação das amostras, apesar de não efetivamente, em dois principais grupos: (a) sadio e ardido claro, e (b) preto, ardido escuro e imaturo; enquanto NIR proporcionou a discriminação das amostras em três principais grupos: (a) sadios, ardido claro e imaturo, (b) ardido escuro e (c) preto. Nas três técnicas a variância entre as amostras levou à discriminação de cafés prioritariamente por suas classes, independentemente das suas condições de torração. Os modelos de classificação para os espectros obtidos por DRIFTS foram desenvolvidos por LDA enquanto que os modelos para ATR-FTIR e NIR foram desenvolvidos por rede Elástica. Porcentagens altas de amostras corretamente classificadas (até 100%) foram obtidas nos três modelos desenvolvidos. As variáveis discriminantes que contribuíram para a correta classificação de amostras nos modelos desenvolvidos por rede Elástica, para os dados de ATR-FTIR e NIR, foram extraídas e proporcionaram a seguinte interpretação dos modelos: (a) café sadio foi diretamente relacionado a altos teores de carboidratos e lipídios e baixos teores de proteína e/ou aminoácidos e cafeína; (b) café ardido claro foi relacionado a altos teores de carboidratos e cafeína; (c) café ardido escuro foi diretamente relacionado a altos teores de ácidos alifáticos e baixos teores de lipídios; (d) café preto foi relacionado a níveis altos proteínas e/ou aminoácidos e baixos níveis de lipídios; e (e) café imaturo foi relacionado a altos níveis de proteínas e/ou aminoácidos e cafeína e baixo conteúdo de lipídios. Misturas de grãos sadios e defeituosos, com %defeitos variando de 0% a 30% em passos de 3%, foram produzidas e analisadas por ATR-FTIR e NIR para um estudo quantitativo. PLSR foi utilizada para o desenvolvimento dos modelos quantitativos que proporcionaram resultados satisfatórios. Valores de RMSEP baixos como 2,6% e valores de R2 altos como 0.956 no conjunto de validação foram obtidos. De um modo geral, os modelos desenvolvidos com espectros obtidos por NIR apresentaram-se mais robustos e acurados em relação aos modelos de ATR-FTIR.
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6

Minervini, Licia. "Atomistic stimulation of defective oxides." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394513.

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7

Sawers, Ruairidh J. H. "Functional analysis of bundle sheath defective2." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342541.

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8

Al-Mijalli, Mohammed Hmad Saleh. "Design of an instrumented walkway for measuring the temporal distance parameters of gait." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249763.

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9

Kasianenko, Stanislav. "Predicting Software Defectiveness by Mining Software Repositories." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78729.

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One of the important aims of the continuous software development process is to localize and remove all existing program bugs as fast as possible. Such goal is highly related to software engineering and defectiveness estimation. Many big companies started to store source code in software repositories as the later grew in popularity. These repositories usually include static source code as well as detailed data for defects in software units. This allows analyzing all the data without interrupting programing process. The main problem of large, complex software is impossibility to control everything manually while the price of the error can be very high. This might result in developers missing defects on testing stage and increase of maintenance cost. The general research goal is to find a way of predicting future software defectiveness with high precision. Reducing maintenance and development costs will contribute to reduce the time-to-market and increase software quality. To address the problem of estimating residual defects an approach was found to predict residual defectiveness of a software by the means of machine learning. For a prime machine learning algorithm, a regression decision tree was chosen as a simple and reliable solution. Data for this tree is extracted from static source code repository and divided into two parts: software metrics and defect data. Software metrics are formed from static code and defect data is extracted from reported issues in the repository. In addition to already reported bugs, they are augmented with unreported bugs found on “discussions” section in repository and parsed by a natural language processor. Metrics were filtered to remove ones, that were not related to defect data by applying correlation algorithm. Remaining metrics were weighted to use the most correlated combination as a training set for the decision tree. As a result, built decision tree model allows to forecast defectiveness with 89% chance for the particular product. This experiment was conducted using GitHub repository on a Java project and predicted number of possible bugs in a single file (Java class). The experiment resulted in designed method for predicting possible defectiveness from a static code of a single big (more than 1000 files) software version.
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10

Rocha, Ricardo Ferreira da. "Defective models for cure rate modeling." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7751.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Modeling of a cure fraction, also known as long-term survivors, is a part of survival analysis. It studies cases where supposedly there are observations not susceptible to the event of interest. Such cases require special theoretical treatment, in a way that the modeling assumes the existence of such observations. We need to use some strategy to make the survival function converge to a value p 2 (0; 1), representing the cure rate. A way to model cure rates is to use defective distributions. These distributions are characterized by having probability density functions which integrate to values less than one when the domain of some of their parameters is di erent from that usually de ned. There is not so much literature about these distributions. There are at least two distributions in the literature that can be used for defective modeling: the Gompertz and inverse Gaussian distribution. The defective models have the advantage of not need the assumption of the presence of immune individuals in the data set. In order to use the defective distributions theory in a competitive way, we need a larger variety of these distributions. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to increase the number of defective distributions that can be used in the cure rate modeling. We investigate how to extend baseline models using some family of distributions. In addition, we derive a property of the Marshall-Olkin family of distributions that allows one to generate new defective models.
A modelagem da fração de cura e uma parte importante da an álise de sobrevivência. Essa área estuda os casos em que, supostamente, existem observa ções não suscetíveis ao evento de interesse. Tais casos requerem um tratamento teórico especial, de forma que a modelagem pressuponha a existência de tais observações. E necessário usar alguma estratégia para tornar a função de sobrevivência convergente para um valor p 2 (0; 1), que represente a taxa de cura. Uma forma de modelar tais frações e por meio de distribui ções defeituosas. Essas distribuições são caracterizadas por possuirem funções de densidade de probabilidade que integram em valores inferiores a um quando o domínio de alguns dos seus parâmetros e diferente daquele em que e usualmente definido. Existem, pelo menos, duas distribuições defeituosas na literatura: a Gompertz e a inversa Gaussiana. Os modelos defeituosos têm a vantagem de não precisar pressupor a presença de indivíduos imunes no conjunto de dados. Para utilizar a teoria de d istribuições defeituosas de forma competitiva e necessário uma maior variedade dessas distribuições. Portanto, o principal objetivo deste trabalho e aumentar o n úmero de distribuições defeituosas que podem ser utilizadas na modelagem de frações de curas. Nós investigamos como estender os modelos defeituosos básicos utilizando certas famílias de distribuições. Além disso, derivamos uma propriedade da famí lia Marshall-Olkin de distribuições que permite gerar uma nova classe de modelos defeituosos.
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11

Jones, Clive. "Heats of transport in defective solids." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364004.

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12

Thomson, Michael. "Defective RNAs of Semliki Forest virus." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385085.

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13

Dove, Brian Kenneth. "Infectious bronchitis virus defective RNA studies." Thesis, University of Reading, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250714.

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14

FERRARA, SILVIA. "NEUROINFLAMMATION AND DEFECTIVE MYELINATION IN POLYMICROGYRIA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/543392.

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Polymicrogyria (PMG) is a condition characterized by abnormal prenatal brain development and excessive number of ectopic small gyri in the cerebral cortex. PMG patients present an excessive number of abnormally small gyri separated by shallow sulci, associated with fusion of the overlying molecular layer of the cerebral cortex. The topographic distribution of PMG may be focal, multifocal or diffuse; unilateral or bilateral; symmetric or asymmetric. Clinical manifestations have a large spectrum, ranging from isolated selective impairment of cognitive functions to severe encephalopathy and intractable epilepsy. The severity of neurological manifestations and the age at presentation are in part influenced by the extent and localization of the cortical malformations but may also depend on its specific aetiology. The pathogenesis is still poorly understood, several causative gene mutations have been recently found, but also other causes has been identified (prenatal infections, ipoxia). Experimentally, the mouse model of polymicrogyria (PMG) displays the formation of ectopic microgyri in the mouse cortex, enhanced excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission accompanied by increased connectivity in the paramicrogyral cortex and higher susceptibility to epilepsy in vitro. Besides the alteration in the cortical layering, the molecular, morphological and behavioural analysis of PMG mice reveal a significant astrogliosis and microglial activation, indicating the occurrence of an inflammatory process. In addition, a diffuse cortical hypomyelination is evident in brain slices stained for myelin basic protein (MBP). Furthermore, PMG mice displayed altered EEG profile and defective motor skills such as reduced brawn. All these features make PMG model suitable for the study of the pathology and to investigate possible therapeutic approaches. Here we found that transplantation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs), which has been demonstrated to exert positive effects on inherited or acquired myelination disorders and to dampen brain inflammation, plays a beneficial effect on the pathological condition of PMG ameliorating the myelination defect by promoting oligodendrocyte precursors proliferation and remodelling of myelin fibres. Our data also show that hNSC transplantation restores normal EEG brain activity and improves motor performances. Moreover, we tried a pharmacological blockade of IL-1R activation by the IL-1R antagonist: anakinra. We found that this treatment leads to a significant improvement of EEG and motor skills in adult PMG mice thus suggesting a possible role of inflammation at the root of the pathology and identifying a therapeutic time window for the treatment.
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15

Tolkušinas, Kasparas. "Defective Arbitration Clauses in International Commercial Contracts." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110124_131045-86915.

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Usually in a drafting process of a contract arbitration clause is left at the end of a contract. Sometimes it happens that parties really do not wish start discussions on how should arbitration clause look like or what details should it contain, because either parties think they would never come to a conflict or they are short in time and leave arbitration clause unconsidered. Absence of proper attention when drafting arbitration clauses is likely to give rise to defective arbitration clauses, which lead to much higher than expected time and money costs or even make arbitration impossible. Master thesis analyses defective arbitration clause types and provision of a way to create correct arbitration clauses. In order to reach this goal gradual completion of tasks is necessary, which involves: a) identification of the main features of defective arbitration clause, b) identification of the main elements of well drafted arbitration clause, c) identification of the main types of defective arbitration clauses, d) provision of a classification of defective arbitration clauses, e) provision of as much as possible ways to avoid defective arbitration clauses and f) analysis doctrine and case law in this field and result encompassing conclusions. First part of master thesis briefly defines international commercial contract. This way the geographical scope of master thesis object is defined. Second part presents the roots of defective arbitration clause. Second part encompasses... [to full text]
Dažniausiai rengiant tarptautines komercines sutartis arbitražinė išlyga eina sutarties pabaigoje. Kartais nutinka taip, kad šalys nerodo didelio noro kelti diskusijų dėl to kaip turėtų atrodyti arbitražinė išlyga arba kokius sudėtinius elementus ji turėtų turėti. Šalys gali manyti, kad ginčas mažai tikėtinas, todėl neverta gilintis į arbitražinę išlygą arba dėl laiko stokos įkeliama atsitiktinė arbitražinė išlyga. Pakankamo dėmesingumo trūkumas ruošiant arbitražinės išlygas dažniausiai leidžia kilti arbitražinėms išlygoms su spragomis, kurios esant ginčui priverčia šalis sugaišti daug daugiau laiko ir suvartoja daug daugiau finansinių resursų nei tikėtasi arba išvis paverčia arbitražą kaip ginčų sprendimo būdą šalių atveju neįmanomą. Magistriniame darbe nagrinėjamos arbitražinės išlygos su spragomis ir siekiama pasiūlyti būdą, kaip parengti taisyklingas arbitražines išlygas. Šiems tikslams pasiekti būtinas nuoseklus užduočių įvykdymas, apimantis: a) pagrindinių arbitražinės išlygos su spragomis bruožų nustatymą, b) pagrindinių taisyklingai parengtos arbitražinės išlygos elementų nustatymą, c) pagrindinių arbitražinės išlygos su spragomis tipų nustatymą, d) arbitražinių išlygų su spragomis klasifikacijos pateikimą, e) būdų išvengti arbitražinių išlygų su spragomis pateikimą ir f) doktrinos bei teismų praktikos analizę ir apibendrinančių išvadų pateikimą. Pirmoji magistrinio darbo dalis glaustai apibrėžia tarptautinę komercinės sutartį. Tokiu būdu geografinės magistrinio darbo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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16

Ouyang, Bin. "Tunable electronic states in defective 2D nanomaterials." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121594.

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Low-dimensional nanomaterials with tunable electronic states play a key role in the design of next-generation nanoelectronic devices. In this thesis, three methods of engineering electronic states in two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials have been investigated, i.e., defects control, strain engineering and heterostructure design. Density functional theory calculations together with nudged elastic band method are employed to examine the electronic properties and defect dynamics in 2D nanomaterials respectively. For the means of defect control, we note that the existence of defects in 2D nanomaterials can provide external donor or acceptor carriers and might also act as trapping states. We studied the contributions of vacancies in graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) monolayer to the electronic/magnetic states, and concluded that the presence of dangling bonds is the main origin of doping conditionsand magnetism in these materials. For the means of strain engineering, we found that the external strain can induce shift of energy sub bands as well as modify local bonding conditions. For instance, our studies show that the biaxial strain canlead to switching of magnetic states in vacancy-decorated h-BN monolayer due to breaking and forming of bonds. Besides the above two methods of engineering electronic states, we also examined the route of heterostructure design, specifically the hybrid 2D graphene h-BN structure. In particular we focus on the role of interfaces in such heterostructures. Our studies show that the interface can act as a sink for vacancy segregation to achieve pinned electronic states. In conclusion, our current studies have demonstrated that the electronic states in 2D nanomaterials can be tuned by defect control, strain engineering and architecting heterostructures.
Les nanomatériaux de basses dimensions aux propriétés électroniques accordables sont appelés à jouer un rôle essentiel dans la conception de dispositifs nanoélectroniques de nouvelle génération. Dans la présente étude, trois méthodes de contrôle des états électroniques ont été étudiées, à savoir la régulation des défauts cristallins, le contrôle des contraintes mécaniques ainsi que la conception d'hétérostructures. La théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT), alliée à la méthode NEB, a été utilisée pour scruter les propriétés électroniques et la dynamique des défauts dans ces nanomatériaux bidimensionnels. Les défauts cristallins dans les nanomatériaux bidimensionnels peuvent être à l'origine de niveaux accepteurs ou donneurs externes et de pièges électroniques. Nous avons étudiés l'impact de lacunes dans le graphène et dans une monocouche de Nitrure de Bore (h-Bn) hexagonal sur les états électroniques et magnétiques, et en avons conclu que la présence de liaisons pendantes est la cause principale des conditions de dopage et des propriétés magnétiques de ces matériaux. Concernant les contraintes mécaniques, nous avons trouvé que l'application d'une contrainte extérieure pouvait induire un déplacement des sous-bandes d'énergie ainsi qu'une modification des conditions de liaison locales. Par exemple, notre étude a montré qu'une contrainte bi-axiale pouvait induire un basculement des états magnétiques dans une couche de nitrure de bore présentant des lacunes, du fait de la rupture et de la formation de nouvelles liaisons. En plus des deux méthodes mentionnées ci-dessus, nous nous sommes aussi intéressés à la conception d'hétérostructures, notamment à celle d'une structure hybride de graphène et de nitrure de bore. Nous avons concentré nos efforts en particulier sur le rôle des interfaces dans de telles hétérostructures. Notre étude a montré que les lacunes du réseau ont tendance à diffuser vers ces interfaces pour y être captées.Pour conclure, la présente étude a démontré que les états électroniques dans les nanomatériaux bidimensionnels peuvent être ajustés en contrôlant la densité et la nature des défauts cristallins, en exerçant des contraintes sur le matériaux ou en concevant des hétérostructures.
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17

Wang, Congwei. "On the strength of defective graphene materials." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9065.

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Graphene is the first 2D material consisting of carbon atoms densely packed into planar structures. Graphene oxide (GO) is the intermediate derivative of chemically-produced graphene, which retains 2D basal plane structures but is also decorated with functional groups along the basal plane and edges. This functionality allows self-assembly of planar sheets into a paper-like material. However, formations of both intrinsic defects within the sheet structures as well as larger scale extrinsic defects in the paper are expected to significantly degrade mechanical performance. Strength provides the most direct evidence of defect related mechanical behaviour and is therefore targeted for understanding defect effects in GO paper. Such evaluations are crucial both from a technological perspective of realizing designed functions and from a fundamental interest in understanding structure-mechanics in 2D nanomaterials. A complete strategy of performing mechanical testing at different length scales is thus reported to provide a comprehensive description of GO strength. Both conventional larger scale mechanical testing as well as novel smaller length scale evaluations, using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy as well as structural probing using synchrotron FT-IR microspectroscopy, were applied to GO materials. Results showed that large structural defects determined mechanical properties of GO papers due to stress concentration effects whereas smaller scale intrinsic effects were defined by interfacial defects and stress concentrations within sheets. Synchrotron FT-IR microspectroscopy provided molecular deformation mechanisms in GO paper, which highlighted the interaction between in-plane C=C and cross-linking C=O bonds. A comprehensive description of macroscopic GO paper using evaluations of strength at the range of length scales studied was attempted, with a good correlation between predictions and experimental observations. This thesis therefore provides a hierarchical understanding of the defects impact on the strength of graphene-based materials from the macroscale to the nanoscale.
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18

Chen, Chun-Wu. "Defective iron homeostasis in lysosomal storage diseases." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5127c241-be64-4990-bef5-70e15d391394.

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Niemann-Pick type Cl (NPC1) disease is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the accumulation of multiple lipids in the late endosome/lysosomal system and reduced acidic store calcium levels. Since the lysosomal system is involved in regulating aspects of transition metal ion homeostasis and its intracellular compartmentalization, we have investigated whether there are metal ion metabolism defects and haematological abnormalities in NPC1 disease. We have identified multiple haematological changes, including decreased haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin volume in mice.
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19

Irvine, David Stewart. "Defective sperm function in human male infertility." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18984.

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20

Teichert, Fabian, Andreas Zienert, Jörg Schuster, and Michael Schreiber. "Electronic transport through defective semiconducting carbon nanotubes." IOP Publishing Ltd, 2018. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32462.

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We investigate the electronic transport properties of semiconducting (m, n) carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the mesoscopic length scale with arbitrarily distributed realistic defects. The study is done by performing quantum transport calculations based on recursive Green's function techniques and an underlying density-functional-based tight-binding model for the description of the electronic structure. Zigzag CNTs as well as chiral CNTs of different diameter are considered. Different defects are exemplarily represented by monovacancies and divacancies. We show the energy-dependent transmission and the temperature-dependent conductance as a function of the number of defects. In the limit of many defetcs, the transport is described by strong localization. Corresponding localization lengths are calculated (energy dependent and temperature dependent) and systematically compared for a large number of CNTs. It is shown, that a distinction by (m − n)mod 3 has to be drawn in order to classify CNTs with different bandgaps. Besides this, the localization length for a given defect probability per unit cell depends linearly on the CNT diameter, but not on the CNT chirality. Finally, elastic mean free paths in the diffusive regime are computed for the limit of few defects, yielding qualitatively same statements.
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21

Marshall, Andrew. "Liability for Defective Software in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4663.

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"There is no such thing as error-free code." This is neither the favoured mantra of a software development guru, nor the refrain of the chairman of a multinational software company, but the consensus of those at the coalface of software development the world over. [...] This paradigm raises interesting questions for the lawyer. There is no other discipline that operates on this basis. [...] It is only the software developer who, because of the complexity of software code, as well as the unpredictable environment in which his software will be executed, admits that the chance of his creation not performing as intended under all circumstances is so high that he must assume there are faults in it. [...] The distinction in computer operations between hardware and software is well understood, and while I will be examining the liability for defective software, the reader would do well to bear in mind that software is often inextricably bound to the hardware that it serves.
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22

Mcleod, Deborah Susan. "The "Defective" Generation: Disability in Modernist Literature." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5272.

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Abstract The "Defective" Generation: Disability in Modernist Literature aims to provide an analysis of how Anglo-American authors in the early twentieth century conceived of, utilized, and portrayed disability in their fiction. Building on the existing scholarship in the field of Disability Studies, I argue that modernists revise the tradition of representation to make disabilities a generational trait rather than a sign of individual deviance. In novel after novel, multiple characters exhibit some form of illness or impairment, which appears as both cause and effect of the instabilities and traumas of modernity. Like many of their predecessors, then, these authors portray diverse health conditions as "defects" rather than natural variations in the human body, and most draw little distinction between the types of "disorders" they represent. This perspective, however, becomes particularly destructive in the era leading up to the Holocaust, when eugenical attitudes would lead to the murder or sterilization of over a million people with disabilities. Modernists also continue to exploit disability's potential for metaphor and sometimes evoke traditional stereotypes. Unlike traditional representations, however, these works do not resolve what the authors perceive as the "problem" of disability by curing or eliminating it; instead, they portray characters struggling to lead fulfilling lives despite feeling limited by their health. Working against the public's conception of disability as solely a medical condition, many of these authors further depict the social forces that turn a perceived "difference" into a "disability." The project is arranged into four chapters. In the first, "Idiots and Other Degenerates: Disability at the Dawn of Modernism," I use Joseph Conrad's novel The Secret Agent to illustrate how disability becomes characteristic of a generation, primarily through the influence of degeneration theory. Mocking the popular conception of a society divided into the "fit" and "unfit," Conrad creates a circle of characters who judge others to be degenerate while ignoring their own similar traits. From that beginning, I move in chapter 2, "Modernist Style: The Inward Turn and Portrayals of Mental Illness," to an analysis of the effects of stylistic experimentation on depictions of disability in both Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway and F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tender is the Night. The authors' use of multiple points of view in these works leads to a representation of both an individual's experience of psychosis and the stigma that can accompany such illness, and, like Conrad, both writers elide the differences between the seemingly able-bodied characters and those they deem disabled. These authors also offer a contrast in perceptions. Whereas Woolf treats shell shock and emotional instability largely as the unavoidable effects of World War I, Fitzgerald links both schizophrenia and alcoholism to decadent behavior, thus aligning himself with the public's perception of illness as a matter of intent. Moving from style to theme, in chapter 3, "Impaired Relationships: Physical Injury and the Pursuit of Romance," I explore the ways in which authors depict physical impairments as obstacles to personal relationships. Through a comparison of Ernest Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises and the "Nausicaa" chapter of James Joyce's Ulysses, I discuss the intersection of gender identity, disability, and romance. I argue against the critical consensus that Jake Barnes feels emasculated by his injury and that Gerty MacDowell is "doomed" to spinsterhood because she limps, contending that both authors allow their characters to maintain a sense of masculinity or femininity consistent with the hegemonic ideals of their time. While Hemingway presents Jake's wound as a physical disability that prevents his having the relationship he desires, Joyce uses Gerty's limp to mark her as an imperfect beauty in preference to an array of idealized iconic images, and in her encounter with Leopold Bloom grants her the sexual attention that she desires. In my final chapter, "African American Modernism and a Deadly Game of Blind Man's Buff," I shift focus from mainstream to African American modernism with an analysis of Richard Wright's Native Son,, addressing the author's use of folklore in relation to the metaphor of blindness. Posing the literally blind Mrs. Dalton as a revenant of the American colonists who ignored the humanity of those they enslaved and as a symbol of continuing oppression, Wright develops Bigger Thomas as both a trickster who exploits the "blindness" of others and a badman who rebels against it. My conclusion then addresses the use of disability metaphors, the attitudes those metaphors expose, and the authors' apparent agreement with or challenges to contemporary perceptions of disability. Although critics have previously analyzed specific works or certain aspects of disability representations during this era, this project seeks a more comprehensive discussion of disability in modernist fiction than currently exists. My hope is that it will enhance our understanding of both the period's literature and the harmful attitudes that existed at the time, which the work of Disability Studies has endeavored to overturn.
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23

Sims, Andrea D. "Minding the gaps inflectional defectiveness in a paradigmatic theory /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1157550938.

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24

Hamed, Abdalla M. "Lipoprotein metabolism : inherited disorders of apolipoprotein B metabolism." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294889.

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25

Khan, Anastassiya. "Synthesis and characterization of defective PBAs electrode material." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21015/.

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Sodium manganese hexacyanoferrate (NaMnHCF) and its derivatives have been synthesized by simple co-precipitation method with addition of the citric and ascorbic acids respectively. The correspondent crystal structure, water content, chemical formula and a deep structural investigation of prepared samples have been performed by means of the combination of the laboratory and synchrotron techniques (PXRD, FT-IR, TGA, MP-AES and XAS). Electrochemical tests have been done using three-electrode system in sodium nitrate solution at different concentration. From cyclic voltammetry curves, Fe3+/2+ redox peak has been observed, whereas Mn3+/2+ peak was not always evident. Structural stability of the cycled samples has then been tested using 2D XRF imaging and Transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) techniques. The intercalation of NaMnHCF after 20 cycles has been found by micro-XANES analysis of the highlighted spots which have been found in the XRF images. TXM has also confirmed the appearance of the intercalated particles after 50 cycles comparing the spectra between charged and discharged materials at three different edges (Mn, Fe and N). However, by comparison with lithium samples, it seems obvious that sodium samples are more homogeneous and intercalation is at the very beginning indicating the relative structural stability of sodium manganese hexacyanoferrate electrode material.
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26

Thomas, Catherine. "Defective innate immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/40171.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease, comprising chronic bronchitis, small airways fibrosis and emphysema. The primary risk factor for developing COPD, in industrialised nations is cigarette smoking. Exacerbations of COPD, of which approximately half are due to bacterial infection, are associated with worsening quality of life, more rapid decline in FEV1 and increased mortality. In healthy individuals, alveolar macrophages (AM) clear inhaled bacterial pathogens from the lung by phagocytosis, resulting in sterility of the lower respiratory tract. However, COPD patients have increased bacterial colonisation of the lower airways compared to healthy smokers and non-smokers. The increased rates of bacterial colonisation in COPD, suggests that there may be a mechanistic defect in the clearance of bacteria by phagocytic cells. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the hypothesis that defective innate immunity in COPD patients results in reduction in bacterial phagocytosis, with increased frequency of acute exacerbation, and that this defective phagocytosis may be explained by instability of microtubules. Phagocytic ability of both macrophages and neutrophils from COPD patients was compared to age-matched, non-smokers and smokers. Monocyte-derived-macrophages (MDMs) were used as a model of AM. Both MDMs and neutrophils from all subject groups displayed equivalent phagocytosis of inert beads, showing that cells from all subject groups are capable of phagocytosis. However, both MDMs and neutrophils from smokers and COPD patients showed reduced uptake of both Haemophilus influenzae (by 48%, p < 0.001 and 28%, p < 0.01 respectively) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (by 52%, p < 0.001 and 32%, p<0.05 respectively). Whilst MDMs showed defective phagocytosis of bacteria, intracellular killing remained intact. When COPD patients were divided into those with a history of frequent (≥2/y) or infrequent exacerbations (< 1/y), frequent exacerbators had significantly reduced phagocytosis of bacteria compared to infrequent exacerbators. No differences were seen when phagocytosis at baseline was compared to phagocytosis at times of exacerbation. As COPD patients appear to have defective phagocytosis, and with recent meta-analyses showing an increased risk of pneumonia with fluticasone propionate (FP), the effects of both budesonide (BUD) and FP on phagocytosis by MDMs and neutrophils from COPD patients was assessed. No differences were found in phagocytosis of bacteria by MDMs in the presence of either steroid, or in the ability of these cells to perform functions of intracellular killing. In the presence of BUD, neutrophils showed significantly improved uptake of H. influenzae (with a maximal effect of 67%, p<0.05), but neither FP nor BUD had any impact on phagocytosis of beads or S. pneumoniae. Further investigation into the mechanisms underlying defective phagocytosis revealed increased susceptibility of COPD MDMs to microtubule disruption. Associated with this finding was a reduced level of acetylated tubulin in COPD MDMs. Addition of a microtubule stabiliser increased acetylated tubulin and significantly increased bacterial phagocytosis (maximal increase of 20% and 40% in phagocytosis of Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae respectively). In contrast, neutrophils displayed no differences in acetylated tubulin and showed no improvement in phagocytosis after exposure to microtubule stabilisers, suggesting an alternative mechanistic defect in neutrophils compared to MDMs. Acetylated microtubules are deacetylated by the enzymes HDAC6 and SIRT2. Exposure to the deacetylase inhibitors, tubacin (HDAC6 inhibitor) or AGK2 (SIRT2 inhibitor), led to increases in levels of acetylation of tubulin but no improvements in phagocytosis, whilst knockdown of either HDAC6 or SIRT2 revealed a similar picture, with increased acetylation but no improvements in phagocytosis. These findings suggest that increased acetylation of tubulin alone is not sufficient to improve phagocytosis, but rather that the defect in phagocytosis is related to microtubule instability. Knockdown of C6orf134, a newly discovered tubulin acetyl-transferase, in healthy MDMs led to reductions in levels of acetylated tubulin and reduced bacterial, but not inert bead, phagocytosis, mimicking the defect seen in COPD MDMs. This suggests that alterations in activity or expression of this protein may account for the defective phagocytosis seen in COPD MDMs. Improving phagocytosis by stabilisation of microtubules may therefore lead to reduced levels of bacterial colonisation and improved exacerbation frequency in COPD patients.
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27

Kottilil, Shyamasundaran. "Defective cytotoxic T lymphocyte function in HIV infection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0021/NQ47496.pdf.

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28

Klein, Steven J. "Studies on the MAIDS defective virus target cells." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0025/NQ50202.pdf.

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29

Pfäffle, Heike. "Defective DNA repair in EGFR-mutant lung cancer." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-162407.

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In patients with lung cancer whose tumors harbor activating mutations in the EGF receptor (EGFR), increased responses to platinum-based chemotherapies are seen compared with wild-type cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying this association have remained elusive. Here, we describe a cellular phenotype of crosslinker sensitivity in a subset of EGFR-mutant lung cancer cell lines that is reminiscent of the defects seen in cells impaired in the Fanconi anemia pathway, including a pronounced G2–M cell-cycle arrest and chromosomal radial formation. We identified a defect downstream of FANCD2 at the level of recruitment of FAN1 nuclease and DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) unhooking. The effect of EGFR mutation was epistatic with FANCD2. Consistent with the known role of FANCD2 in promoting RAD51 foci formation and homologous recombination repair (HRR), EGFR-mutant cells also exhibited an impaired RAD51 foci response to ICLs, but not to DNA double-strand breaks. EGFR kinase inhibition affected RAD51 foci formation neither in EGFR-mutant nor wild-type cells. In contrast, EGFR depletion or overexpression of mutant EGFR in wild-type cells suppressed RAD51 foci, suggesting an EGFR kinase-independent regulation of DNA repair. Interestingly, EGFR-mutant cells treated with the PARP inhibitor olaparib also displayed decreased FAN1 foci induction, coupled with a putative block in a late HRR step. As a result, EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells exhibited olaparib sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms of cisplatin and PARP inhibitor sensitivity of EGFR-mutant cells, yielding potential therapeutic opportunities for further treatment individualization in this genetically defined subset of lung cancer.
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Sista, Prakash Rao. "Characterization of nodulation defective mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75665.

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The Rhizobium-legume symbiosis is an opportunistic association between two symbiotic partners that results in the formation of the root nodule. The process depends on the expression of a number of plant and bacterial genes that are considered critical for the establishment and maintainance of the symbiotic state. The merits of a mutational approach to the analysis of symbiosis have been recognized for several years and transposon Tn5 mutagenesis of Rhizobium has led to the identification of several symbiotic genes. This study describes the use of Tn5 mutagenesis for the isolation of symbiotically defective mutants of Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Two classes, auxotrophic and cell surface-altered mutants defective in nodule formation, have been characterized. In B. japonicum USDA 122, histidine auxotrophs that are defective in nodulation have been studied. The mutagenized DNA region has been cloned and the wild-type DNA region isolated by hybridization and complementation. In B. japonicum 61A76, Tn5-induced cell surface-altered mutants have been isolated by selecting for bacteriophage resistance. Several parameters have been used to demonstrate alterations in cell surface components. It has been shown that the Tn5 insertion is not the primary cause of the mutation in two of the characterized mutants. Complementation tests have led to the isolation of a wild-type DNA-containing cosmid, pPS23A, that overcomes the symbiotic defect in one of the mutants. Analysis of the cell surface showed a partial restoration of surface components in the complemented mutant.
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Tran, Maxine Gia Binh. "The role of HIF in VHL defective tumours." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439001.

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32

Roth, Ronelle. "Phenotypic characterization of maize bundle sheath defective mutants." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339349.

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Vandehei, Bailey R. "Leveraging Defects Life-Cycle for Labeling Defective Classes." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2111.

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Data from software repositories are a very useful asset to building dierent kinds of models and recommender systems aimed to support software developers. Specically, the identication of likely defect-prone les (i.e., classes in Object-Oriented systems) helps in prioritizing, testing, and analysis activities. This work focuses on automated methods for labeling a class in a version as defective or not. The most used methods for automated class labeling belong to the SZZ family and fail in various circum- stances. Thus, recent studies suggest the use of aect version (AV) as provided by developers and available in the issue tracker such as JIRA. However, in many cir- cumstances, the AV might not be used because it is unavailable or inconsistent. The aim of this study is twofold: 1) to measure the AV availability and consistency in open-source projects, 2) to propose, evaluate, and compare to SZZ, a new method for labeling defective classes which is based on the idea that defects have a stable life-cycle in terms of proportion of versions needed to discover the defect and to x the defect. Results related to 212 open-source projects from the Apache ecosystem, featuring a total of about 125,000 defects, show that the AV cannot be used in the majority (51%) of defects. Therefore, it is important to investigate automated meth- ods for labeling defective classes. Results related to 76 open-source projects from the Apache ecosystem, featuring a total of about 6,250,000 classes that are are aected by 60,000 defects and spread over 4,000 versions and 760,000 commits, show that the proposed method for labeling defective classes is, in average among projects and de- fects, more accurate, in terms of Precision, Kappa, F1 and MCC than all previously proposed SZZ methods. Moreover, the improvement in accuracy from combining SZZ with defects life-cycle information is statistically signicant but practically irrelevant ( overall and in average, more accurate via defects' life-cycle than any SZZ method.
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Obiozor, Clarence Nwabunwanne. "Finite element analysis of a defective induction motor." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1171672609.

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Wirsching, Steven M. "A guide to resolving disputes over defective specifications." Thesis, University Park, Pennsylvania : Pennsylvania State University, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA250836.

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Thesis (M.S. in Civil Engineering) Pennsylvania State University, May 1992.
"May 1992." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 7, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. [72]). Also available in print.
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36

SIRABELLA, DARIO. "PAX3 mutant mesoangioblasts are defective in myogenic differentiation." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917414.

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SCALISE, EMILIO. "Vibrational Properties of Defective Oxides and 2D Nanolattices." Doctoral thesis, KuLeuven, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/181816.

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The nanoelectronic evolution, which was driven for many years by the ‘‘aggressive scaling’’ of the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices, needs new approaches in order to face the demands for smaller, more performing, and less power-consuming integrated circuits. A few years ago, high-mobility semiconductors, e.g., germanium and III–V semiconductors, started to be investigated as possible substitutes of silicon as materials for the CMOS channel. On the other hand, dielectric materials with a higher dielectric constant (j) than the native silicon dioxide, such as HfO2, were introduced into CMOS devices a couple of years ago, in order to obtain a larger oxide capacitance, improving the performance of the devices while keeping their power consumption as low as possible. To take effective advantage of the introduction of high-mobility semiconductors and high-j dielectrics in the next generations of CMOS devices, high quality interfaces are required. In the first part of this thesis, we investigate the vibrational properties of defective HfO2 by first-principles simulations, and we compare them with experimental results from inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS). This spectroscopic technique is very powerful for the investigation of nanoscale junctions. We also model amorphous defective GeO2, likely present at the interface of Ge/HfO2 gate stacks. Different defects, including three-folded oxygen atoms and divalent germanium centers are investigated. We show how the calculated vibrational spectra of the defective oxides, correlated to IETS measurements, can be successfully used for the investigation of high-mobility/high-j gate stacks interfaces. Recently, the interest of the physics and electronic engineering community in 2D materials, such as graphene, increased exponentially. These materials, made up of one single atomic layer, can be used to exploit quantum confinement effects, resulting in unique electronic and magnetic properties. The linear electronic dispersion observed in graphene, linked to the presence of massless Dirac fermions, was recently predicted also for its silicon and germanium counterparts, the so-called silicene and germane. This is very appealing for nanoelectronic and energy applications, in which materials with an extremely high conductivity are highly demanded. Recent experiments showed that silicene grown on metallic substrates has different structural configurations and presents a characteristic puckering of the silicon atoms, which are in contrast to graphene.In the second part of this thesis, the structural and vibrational properties of silicene on Ag(111) surfaces are calculated. Their comparison with experimental measurements, such as scanning tunneling microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, allows us to investigate the structural but also the electronic properties of different silicene reconstructions on Ag(111). Finally, the possible growth of silicene on nonmetallic templates is theoretically investigated. We show that different layered chalcogenide compounds (i.e., MoX2 and GaX, X=S, Se, Te) can be used as templates for the silicene layer. The van der Waals interaction between the silicene layer and the templates is important for avoiding strong interactions (hybridization) between the silicon atoms and the substrates. The different in-plane lattice parameters of the chalcogenide compounds can be exploited to tune the electronic properties of the silicene layer, preserving in some cases its massless Dirac fermions.
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Kashkar, Hamid. "Defective apoptotic pathways in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=965492362.

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39

Xiong, Shiyun. "Physical nanoscale analysis of heat transfer in defective nanowires." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0054/document.

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Cette thèse se concentre sur l'étude de l'impact de divers défauts de réseau, c'est-à-dire de dislocations, de parois entre phases inversées, de décalages de mailles et de gaps, sur la conductivité thermique de nano-fils par simulation de dynamique moléculaire et les calculs de fonctions de Green atomiques. Tout d'abord, nous calculons la conductivité thermique de nano-fils de silicium orientés <110> incluant une dislocation spirale par la dynamique moléculaire de non-équilibre. Nous constatons qu'avec l'inclusion d'une dislocation, le taux de diffusion phonon-phonon est amélioré de façon significative en raison de l'existence du champ de déformation induit. Ce processus de diffusion anharmonique augmente avec le vecteur de Burger. Par conséquent, la conductivité thermique de nano-fils disloqués est largement réduite et le pourcentage de réduction est proportionnel à la grandeur du vecteur de Burger. Deuxièmement, le concept de nano-fils de super-réseau anti-phase est proposé et leur conductivité thermique est étudiée avec la dynamique moléculaire d'équilibre. On constate que la frontière anti-phase peut diffuser fortement les phonons et réduire la vitesse de groupe des phonons. Le jeu entre le transport cohérent de phonons et la diffusion de surface conduit à une conductivité thermique minimale à une période de longueur spécifique. La combinaison de la diffusion des phonons à l'interface et la diffusion de surface des nanofils réduit la conductivité thermique de SiC de deux ordres de grandeur, ce qui est d'un grand intérêt pour les applications en thermoélectricité. Troisièmement, nous démontrons que le transport des phonons peut être entravé en grande partie dans un nano-fil de Si avec une structure en zig-zag périodique. Une conductivité thermique plus faible est observée du fait d'un pur effet géométrique, qui produit une disparition complète des directions principales de polarisation de phonon à une période de longueur spécifique. La conductivité thermique minimale et la longueur de période correspondante sont dépendantes du diamètre. L'avantage de cette structure est qu'elle supprime en grande partie le transport thermique sans détériorer le transport d'électrons. Enfin, la transition entre la conduction de la chaleur et le rayonnement de champ proche dans un système de chaîne de clusters de SiO2 est étudiée avec la méthode des fonctions de Green. Trois régions de variation de la conductance dans ce domaine de largeur de gap sont identifiées, plus particulièrement, la région liée à la conduction où les électrons des deux corps sont mis en commun au milieu du gap, la région de champ proche prédominée par des interactions de charges de surface, et la région de champ proche prédominée par des interactions dipôle-dipôle de volume. Cette étude fournit finalement une description de la transition entre le rayonnement et la conduction de la chaleur dans les gaps de dimensions inférieures à quelques nanomètres
This thesis is focused on the investigation of the impact of various lattice defects, i.e., screw dislocations, anti-phase boundaries, twinning boundaries, and vacuum gaps, on the thermal conductivity of nanowires by molecular dynamic simulations and Green's function calculations. We firstly calculated the thermal conductivity of <110> Si nanowires with a screw dislocation in the center through non-equilibrium molecular dynamics.We find that with the inclusion of a dislocation, the phonon-phonon scattering rate is enhanced dramatically due to the dislocation-induced strain field. This anharmonic scattering process increases with the Burger's vector. As a result, the thermal conductivity of dislocated nanowires is largely reduced and the reduction percentage is proportional to the magnitude of Burger's vector. Secondly, the concept of anti-phase superlattice nanowire is proposed and its thermal conductivity is investigated with equilibrium molecular dynamics. It is found that the anti-phase boundary can strongly scatter phonons and reduce the phonon group velocity. The interplay between phonon coherent transport and boundary scattering results in a minimum thermal conductivity at a specific period length. The combination of anti-phase boundary scattering and nanowire surface scattering reduces the thermal conductivity of SiC by two orders of magnitude, which is of great interest for potential thermoelectric applications. Thirdly, we demonstrate that phonon transport can be hindered to a large extent in a Si nanowire with periodically distributed twinning boundaries. A minimum thermal conductivity is observed due to a pure geometrical effect, which produces a thorough disappearance of favored phonon polarization directions at a specific period length. The minimum thermal conductivity and the corresponding period length are diameter dependent. The advantage of this structure is that it largely suppresses the thermal transport without deteriorating the electron transport. Finally, the transition from heat conduction to near field radiation in a SiO2 cluster chain system is investigated with the phonon Green's function. Three conductance variation regions within the studied distances are identified, more specifically, the heat conduction region with shared electrons in the middle of a gap, the near field region predominated by surface charge interactions, and the near field region predominated by volume dipole-dipole interactions. This study finally provides a description of the transition between radiation and heat conduction in gaps smaller than a few nanometers
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40

Fang, Xiaolei. "Early oncogenic events and defective apoptosis in prostate cancer /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-243-8/.

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41

Emonts, Jessica [Verfasser]. "Searching for many defective edges in hypergraphs / Jessica Emonts." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1043615652/34.

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42

Reid, Gregory Kenneth. "Bone marrow B lymphocyte production in immunologically defective mice." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63822.

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43

Margaritis, Paris. "Gene therapy for haemophilia B using modified defective retroviruses." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312051.

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44

Rajan, Neil. "Unravelling cylindromas : a molecular dissection of CYLD defective tumours." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1278.

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Patients with germline mutations in the tumour suppressor gene CYLD develop multiple cutaneous tumours on the head and neck; historically this has been termed “turban tumour” syndrome. Cylindromas and spiradenomas, hair follicle related tumours seen in this syndrome, cause significant clinical morbidity. Here we characterise the clinical phenotype of these patients, utilising tumour mapping to determine the location of tumours in mutation carriers from two large pedigrees. We demonstrate the disease often affects sites outwith the head and neck, and that androgen stimulated hair follicles are particularly vulnerable to tumour formation. The impact of this disease is severe, with 1 in 4 carriers of this gene undergoing complete scalp removal. To improve this outcome, we performed whole genome profiling of CYLD defective tumours, characterising genomic and transcriptomic changes to determine targetable signalling pathways. High resolution analysis using whole genome array based comparative genomic hybridisation and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis suggest that loss of heterozygosity at the CYLD locus may be the only change required for tumour phenotype. Gene expression profiling highlighted transcriptomic similarity between cylindromas and spiradenomas. Threedimensional reconstruction in silico from serial sections of tumours demonstrated contiguous growth between cylindromas and spiradenomas, in support of this finding. In both tumour types, dysregulated tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) signalling was found. Consistent with this, was the finding that TRKB and TRKC protein was overexpressed selectively in the tumour samples, demonstrated on a tissue microarray. Therapeutic utility of targeting this pathway was demonstrated by reduced viability of CYLD defective primary cell cultures in the presence of TRK inhibitors. These preliminary data support the use of TRK inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy in severely affected CYLD mutation carriers.
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45

Basiouni, Ghazi Faisal. "Preovulatory follicle development and defective luteal function in sheep." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262149.

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46

Debnath, Nitish Chandra. "Studies on defective interfering particles of West Nile virus." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305784.

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47

LEIDERMAN, RICARDO. "STUDY OF SCATTERING OF ULTRASOUND WAVES BY DEFECTIVE INTERFACES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2002. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=3326@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
É notório que a resistência global de uma estrutura composta por várias camadas coladas depende diretamente da qualidade da adesão entre as mesmas. Imperfeições ao longo das interfaces de adesão comprometem significativamente a performance da estrutura. A caracterização não destrutiva destas imperfeições é geralmente tarefa muito difícil. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um método analítico-numérico que permite modelar o campo acústico resultante da interação entre ondas ultra-sônicas e interfaces imperfeitas, auxiliando na escolha de parâmetros para o emprego de métodos ultra-sônicos de inspeção. No trabalho, a aproximação quase-estática, proposta por Thompson em meados da década de oitenta,é combinada com o método das perturbações para a modelagem de defeitos localizados ao longo da camada de adesão. O método desenvolvido admite que as camadas sejam feitas de materiais anisotrópicos, e permite a modelagem em altas frequências. Três simulações são apresentadas para exemplificar a aplicação do método. Resultados destas simulações onde feixes ultra-sônicos são incidentes em placas imersas em água revelam frequências e ângulos de incidência para os quais efeitos de espalhamento, que permitem a caracterização de defeitos localizados, são mais significativos.
It is well known that the global strength of multi-layered composite structures strongly depends on the quality of the adhesion between its constituent elements. Imperfections along interfaces of adhesion can strongly compromise structure s performance. The characterization of such defects is a very difficult task. The main goal of this study is the development of an analytic-numerical method to simulate the acoustic field resulting from the interaction between ultrasonic waves and imperfect interfaces, helping in selection of parameters for ultra-sonic inspecting methods. The Quasistatic-approximation (QSA), introduced by Thompson in 1982, is applied together with the perturbation method to allow modelling of interfacial localized aws. A solution algorithm for the problem is developed with the aid of the invariant embedding method. It is applicable to solve wave propagation problems in arbitrarily anisotropic layered plates and it is stable for high frequencies. Three simulations of multi-layered plates immersed in acoustic uid are presented as illustration of the application of the developed method. Results of those simulations indicate the frequencies and angles of incidence where the scattering effects, which allow the characterization of localized defects, are more significant.
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Ploumakis, Athanasios. "Characterisation of the cellular response to defective translational termination." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8081/.

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Enzymatic hydroxylation of varied cellular substrates is catalyzed by the 2-oxoglutarate and Fe(II) dependent 2-oxoglutrate (OG) oxygenase group of proteins. These enzymes control gene expression, from epigenetics to splicing and translation. The 2OG oxygenase JMJD4 has been shown to catalyse the hydroxylation of the eukaryotic omnipotent termination factor 1 (eRF1), and is essential for optimal translational termination. In this thesis, we expand on previous work by examining two further potential binding partners of JMJD4, GTF2I and TCP1-γ. Subsequently, we find that depletion of JMJD4 and eRF1 is associated with growth reduction in cancer cell lines in 2D and 3D. The transcriptomic changes in response to eRF1 depletion are then assessed by RNA-Seq. Among the potential pathways identified, downstream targets of the transcription factor ATF4 were most prominent. Upregulation of ATF4 and its downstream targets was validated in an eRF1 rescue system and the contribution of specific subdomains of eRF1 to the transcriptional response assessed, indicating multiple arms of the unfolded protein response being upregulated downstream of defective translational termination. The implications of our findings and their relevance in wider biological and disease contexts, including cancer, is finally discussed.
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Sarkies, Peter. "Epigenetic instability due to defective replication of structured DNA." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610429.

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Scharner, Juergen. "Defective adult muscle satellite cells in Zmpste24 deficient mice." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41508269.

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