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Academic literature on the topic 'Defectivene'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Defectivene"

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Elżanowski, Marek Z., and Serge Preston. "Continuously defective crystals with a prescribed dislocation density." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 11, no. 09 (October 2014): 1460034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887814600342.

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We analyze some aspects of the kinematic theory of non-uniformly defective elastic crystals. Concentrating on the problem of identifying continuous defective lattices possessing the given defectiveness, as defined by the dislocation density tensor, we investigate the relation between the dislocation density tensor and the Lie algebra of vector fields associated with a defective lattice.
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Dreyer, Stephan, Viola Paulus-Hock, Eirini-Maria Lampraki, Peter Bailey, David Kuang-Fu Chang, and Andrew Biankin. "Defining DDR defectiveness in pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 4115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.4115.

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4115 Background: Recent whole genome sequencing analysis of Pancreatic Cancer (PC) revealed that up to 24% of PC may harbor defects in DNA damage response (DDR). There is increasing evidence that DDR defective tumors preferentially respond to DNA damaging agents, representing novel therapeutic strategy for PC using a synthetic lethality approach. The aim of this study is to define and refine DDR defective phenotypes in PC using next-generation preclinical model systems. Methods: From a panel of 40 patient-derived cell lines (PDCL) and 64 patient-derived xenografts (PDX), generated and extensively characterized as part of the International Cancer Genome Initiative (ICGC), we identified DDR defective models using recently described putative biomarkers of DDR defectiveness. Cytotoxic viability assays were performed using a panel of DNA damaging agents and inhibitors of key molecules in DDR pathway, including Cisplatin, PARP inhibitors, ATR inhibitor (AZD6738); and ATM inhibitor (AZD0156). Appropriate subcutaneous PDX models were also generated to test the hypothesis using various therapeutic regimens. Results: DDR defective PDCLs were selected based on a combination of an unstable genome, and/or a high BRCA mutational signature, and/or deleterious mutations in BRCA1/2, PALB2 or ARID1A. DDR defective PDCLs were significantly more sensitive to Cisplatin, PARP and ATR inhibitors. The ATR inhibitor AZD6738, and ATM inhibitor AZD0156 sensitized PDCLs with no putative biomarkers of DDR defectiveness to Cisplatin, demonstrating a ‘fabricated’ synthetic lethality. A BRCA1 mutant PDX model responded exceptionally to Cisplatin and the PARP inhibitor Olaparib monotherapy. Conclusions: This study provides proof of concept data that DDR deficiency represents an attractive segment to target in PC using a variety of DNA damaging agents and novel agents targeting key molecules of the DDR pathway in PC. In addition, the DDR defective segment may be significantly larger than just germline BRCA1/2 mutants, which is current clinical trial recruitment criteria. Robust molecular assays with clinical utility to define DDR defectiveness is urgently needed.
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Robertson, Christian. "Defective Construction CGL Coverage: The Subcontractor Exception." Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review, no. 7.1 (2017): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.36639/mbelr.7.1.defective.

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In the construction industry, commercial general liability (CGL) insurance is the standard policy for managing property damage risks. Historically, CGL policies do not cover an insured’s own defective construction because the insured controls its own work and can reasonably foresee the damage that may result from defective work. But what about the defective work of an insured’s subcontractor? Practical considerations limit an insured's effective control of every aspect of a subcontractor’s work, and this limitation complicates the insured’s ability to foresee future risks. In 1986, the increasing involvement of subcontractors led general contractors to insist upon protection from subcontractor work risks in CGL policies. The insurance industry agreed upon and created the subcontractor exception. Insurers, however, have claimed that CGL policies exclude coverage for any defective work, including the work of a subcontractor. This Note discusses court decisions rejecting the categorical denial of coverage for any defective work and how courts have found coverage exists where a subcontractor’s defective work is beyond the insured’s effective control and not foreseeable. Over the past 15 years, 23 state supreme courts have ruled that CGL policies cover the defective workmanship of an insured’s subcontractor. To illustrate the trend toward coverage, the Note summarizes a recent Ohio appellate court decision as a case study of the issue.
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Chan, L. Y., M. Xie, and T. N. Goh. "Two-Stage Control Charts for High Yield Processes." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 04, no. 02 (June 1997): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539397000114.

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In this paper, a two-stage control chart for monitoring the defective rate of high-yield processes is proposed and studied. The Cumulative Count of Conforming control chart is generalized by using the number of items inspected until two defective items are observed. As this will increase the time to alarm, a two-stage approach combining both schemes is proposed. The occurrence of a defective within n1 items inspected in the first stage indicates that the process is out of control. If no defective occurs within n1 items inspected, the occurrence of two defectives within the next n2 - n1 in the second stage also indicates that the process is out of control. The probability of making a false alarm at the first and second stages are equal to α1 and α2, respectively. This procedure improves the sensitivity of the control chart in detecting shifting of the process defective rate p when p is at the parts-per-million order of magnitude.
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Damrongseree, Keeratipan, and Wipawee Tharmmaphornphilas. "Defective Reduction in an In-House Recycle Process of Hard Disk Drive Media." Applied Mechanics and Materials 627 (September 2014): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.627.304.

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This paper aims to reduce defectives in an in-house recycle process of hard disk drive media. The Six Sigma approach is applied to find out the factors which affect the sunray defect statistically and to obtain the optimal setting of each factor. Currently, defective rate is 23% and a sunray defect on media is identified as a major problem with 9.64% defective rate. It is found that a minimal defective rate of sunray defect is achieved with the setting of the load of rubber pusher at 106.5 gram, the spindle speed during tape move up at 2,500 rpm and the traverse speed of tape at 70 cm/min. Finally, the process with the optimal machine settings is implemented along with applying work instruction and training. It can reduce the defective rate from 9.64% to 3.2%.
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Najim, Dr Fariz Abdallah Hasan, and Dr Mohammed Kamel As'ad Abdelhadi. "Interpolated Hadith (Rules and regulations)." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 227, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v227i2.713.

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This research tackled and important subject, and that is the interpolated Hadith. This importance appears from the fact that the interpolated Hadith is one of the weak (daif) or defective hadith (moutal) .The interpolated is considered one of the reasons of defectiveness. The science of defectiveness as it is known is considered one of the must exact and difficult science of hadith. It is the top of the exact critical approach among the scholars of hadith. Therefore this research came to disclose to us all what is related to the interpolated Hadith. It also came with exact and pure scientific benefits. It shall - if god’s will - not be necessary to refer to its various resources, to reap its fruits and to harvest its flowers
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Orlova, L. V., and P. V. Zobov. "MEASURES TO REDUCE THE DEFECTIVENESS OF AVIATION PRODUCTS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ITS IMPLEMENTATION." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 12 (February 3, 2021): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-12-70-75.

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The article considers the problems of reducing the quality of aviation products, leading to the loss of competitiveness of finished products and an increase in cost price. In the course of the study, the authors analysed the reasons for the appearance of defective products at an aviation manufacturing enterprise. Based on the information received using modern data processing methods, the paper determines the main weaknesses of the considered technological stage of aviation products. Having studied modern international quality standards in the field of aviation construction, the authors proposed measures that would reduce the number of defective products and increase the reliability and competitiveness of finished products. The article presents separately the model for evaluating the effectiveness of measures to reduce the defectiveness of aviation products. The paper carries out assessment of the proposed tactical measures to reduce the level of defective products, which will increase the economic performance of production activities in certain areas of production.
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Liivak, Taivo. "What Safety are We Entitled to Expect of Self-driving Vehicles?" Juridica International 28 (November 13, 2019): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2019.28.11.

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A manufacturer of self-driving vehicles could face claims involving assertions of the product’s defectiveness. Under the Product Liability Directive, a product is deemed defective when it does not provide the safety that a person is entitled to expect. Efforts to ascertain the possibility of defectiveness connected with a self-driving vehicle could necessitate evaluating the design of the vehicle, matters of human–machine interaction, and the role of the human in the relevant incident of damage. This article lays groundwork by considering the capabilities of self-driving vehicles, the role and expectations of human beings, and legislation aimed at ensuring safety and preventing damage. This discussion concretely situates the concept of the safety of self-driving vehicles in the context of product liability law, which is inherently preoccupied mainly with the consequences.
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Kurama, S., E. Eren, and R. Janssen. "Ultrasonic characterization of defective porcelain tiles." Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio 51, no. 4 (August 30, 2012): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/cyv.302012.

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Rojanarowan, Napassavong, and Angsumalin Senjuntichai. "Development of Efficient Washing System for Reduction of Oil Contamination on Machining Parts." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 1545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.1545.

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The objective of this study is to develop an efficient washing system to remove cutting oil from machining part surface. The proposed washing system consists of two processes: the dipping process and the modified automatic ultrasonic washing process. The automatic ultrasonic washing process is redesigned and developed to reduce operating cost and increase productivity from the previously developed machine. For this proposed system, experiments have been performed to determine the washing conditions that yield satisfactory proportion of defectives due to oil contamination. Under the suggested operating conditions, the proportion of defectives due to oil contamination is reduced from 12.8% to 1.78%, which leads to $16,800 defective cost reduction. The proposed washing system yields 42.9% increase in washing productivity. Furthermore, it as has more standard procedure than the current washing process.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Defectivene"

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CASAROTTI, ALEX. "Difettività e Identificabilità: un punto di vista geometrico sull'analisi tensoriale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1237615.

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Data una varietà proiettiva $ X \subset \mathbb{P} ^ N $ possiamo definire la varietà $ h-$secante $ \mathbb{S}ec_h (X) \subset \mathbb{P} ^ N $ come la chiusura nella topologia di Zariski di tutti i punti $ p \in \mathbb{P} ^ N $ contenuti in uno spazio lineare $ \mathbb {P}^{h-1} $ $ h-$secante rispetto a $ X $. La varietà $ X $ si dice essere $ h-$identificabile se il punto generale $ p \in \mathbb{S}ec_h (X) $ può essere espresso in modo univoco come una combinazione lineare $ p = \lambda_1 p_1 + \dots + \lambda_h p_h $ con $ p_1, \dots, p_h $ punti di $ X $. Grazie al lemma di Terracini è possibile riformulare il problema delle dimensioni secanti e dell'identificabilità nel contesto della geometria birazionale. Ciò si traduce nello studio della dimensione e delle singolarità dei sistemi lineari della forma $ | \mathcal {O} _X (1) \otimes \mathcal {I} _ {p_1 ^ 2, \dots, p_h ^ 2} | $, ovvero sistemi lineari di sezioni iperpiane di $ X $ singolari in $ h $ punti generali. Nell'area dell'analisi tensoriale queste nozioni sono legate alle proprietà della decomposizione tensoriale. Per le applicazioni che vanno dalla biologia al Blind Signal Separation, algoritmi di compressione dei dati e analisi di mixture models l'unicità delle decomposizioni tensoriali consente di risolvere il problema una volta determinata la soluzione. In questa tesi si studia la relazione tra difettività e identificabilità. Viene mostrato come collegare la geometria del luogo di contatto tangenziale al difetto secante, dimostrando che sotto opportune condizioni numeriche la non $ h-$difettività implica la $ (h-1)-$identificabilità, dove $ h $ è strettamente minore del rango generico. Grazie a queste tecniche è possibile migliorare i risultati di identificabilità nel caso di molte importanti varietà tensoriali quali Veronese, Segre e Grassmanniane. Nel caso dell'identificabilità generica invece, vengono studiate le singolarità del sistema lineare tangenziale. Da questo, insieme alle classiche disuguaglianze di Noether-Fano, si ottiene un nuovo risultato sull'identificabilità generica di molti tensori parzialmente simmetrici. Successivamente viene studiata la difettività per le varietà Flag, ovvero speciali varietà tensoriali che parametrizzano particolari configurazioni di spazi vettoriali $ 0 \subset V_1 \subset \dots \subset V_k \subset \mathbb {P} ^ N $. Grazie ad un adattamento della tecnica di proiezione osculante dovuta ad Araujo, Massarenti e Rischter, si dimostrano nuovi risultati sulla difettività secante e sull'identificabilità di queste varietà. Viene in seguito introdotta e studiata la nuova nozione di $ (h, s) -$difettività tangenziale debole e applicata nel caso delle varietà di Segre-Veronese. Infine lo studio delle varietà secanti nel caso delle varietà di Veronese ha permesso anche di verificare la congettura di Comon in alcuni casi non noti precedentemente
Given a projective variety $X \subset \mathbb{P}^N$ we can define its $h-$secant variety $\mathbb{S}ec_h(X) \subset \mathbb{P}^N$, i.e. the Zariski closure of all points $p \in \mathbb{P}^N$ lying on a $\mathbb{P}^{h-1}$ which is $h-$secant to $X$. The variety $X$ is said to be $h-$identifiable if the general point $p \in \mathbb{S}ec_h(X)$ can be expressed uniquely as a linear combination $p=\lambda_1p_1+\dots+\lambda_hp_h$ with $p_1,\dots,p_h$ points of $X$. Thanks to Terracini's lemma it is possible to rephrase the problem of secant dimensions and identifiability in the birational setting. This turns out in the study of the dimension and the singularities of linear systems of the form $|\mathcal{O}_X(1)\otimes \mathcal{I}_{p_1^2,\dots,p_h^2}|$, i.e. hyperplane divisor of $X$ singular at $h$ general points. In the area of tensor analysis these notions are related to the properties of tensor decomposition. For applications ranging from biology to Blind Signal Separation, data compression algorithms and analysis of mixture models, uniqueness of decompositions allows to solve the problem once a solution is determined. The thesis studies the relation between defectiveness and identifiability. It is shown how to link the geometry of the tangential contact locus to the secant defect, proving that under mild numerical conditions the non $h-$secant defectiveness imply the $(h-1)-$identifiability, where $h$ is less than the generic rank. With our techinques it is possible to give new bounds for the identifiability in the case of many important tensor varieties such as Veronese, Segre and Grassmannians. In the case of generic identifiability it is studied the nested singularities of tangential linear system. With this, together with the classical Noether-Fano inequalities, it is proved a new statement on generic identifiability of many partially symmetric tensors. Next it is studied the defectiveness for Flag varieties, i.e. special tensor varieties parametrizing chains of vector spaces $0 \subset V_1 \subset \dots \subset V_k \subset \mathbb{P}^N$. We improve the osculating projection techinque from Araujo, Massarenti and Rischter, giving completely new bounds on secant defectiveness and identifiability. The new notion of $(h,s)-$tangential weak defectiveness is introduced and studied for the case of Segre-Veronese varieties. The study of Secant varieties of Veronese embedding allowed also to check Comon's conjecture under improved numerical bounds.
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CRAPANZANO, ROBERTA. "Insight into ZnO luminescence to engineer nanoparticles for X-Ray based cancer treatment." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/366193.

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Nanoparticles disclose unique properties that enable their applications in different fields, such as energy, catalysis, opto-electronics, and medicine. At the nanosize, the surface-to-volume ratio is increased, leading to the formation of defects that influence the resultant features, e.g. the catalytic and optical behaviours of the systems. Moreover, the high surface area and reactivity of nanoparticles allow their functionalization with several ligands, enhancing their versatility, especially in the biomedical field. Indeed, the accuracy and efficiency of several diagnoses and treatments may improve by implementing traditional strategies with targeted nano-agents. Among the nanomedicine researches, heavy nanoparticles are promising for the innovation of radiotherapy and for the development of novel oncological procedure, such as X-Ray induced photodynamic therapy, that exploits the combination of nanoscintillators and photosensitizers. In this context, ZnO is of particular interest. Indeed, ZnO is a wide band gap semiconductor that displays emissions in the visible region of the spectrum, surface reactivity, and biocompatibility. Moreover, upon X-Ray exposure, ZnO can generate cytotoxic species both directly, due to its catalytic activity, and indirectly, by activating the close photosensitizers, due to its ability to down-convert X-Ray photons into visible ones. This thesis focuses on the study of ZnO NPs for the innovation of X-Ray based cancer therapies. In detail, a fundamental investigation of the optical and catalytic properties of several ZnO samples is performed and used as background to design and develop ZnO based multicomponent nanosystems. Namely, the optical features of ZnO samples with different sizes (nanometric, micrometric, and bulk) and growth conditions are investigated by photoluminescence and radioluminescence techniques aiming at deepening the comprehension of the impact of morphology on the material defectiveness. A Gaussian reconstruction of all the spectra identifies in ZnO luminescence as many as five emission bands (one related to excitons and four to defects), whose spectral shapes and time decays vary with the dimensionality and the synthesis procedure. Moreover, the test of the ability of various nanosized ZnO sample to promote the production of different cytotoxic species unveils that their radio-catalytic activity is affected by the type and concentration of occurring point defects. Thus, by controlling the synthesis parameters and the morphology (size, shape, interfaces) of ZnO nanostructures, its defectiveness can be engineered to tune its optical and catalytic properties. Then, to realize a nano-agent for X-Ray induced photodynamic therapy, ZnO nanoparticles supported onto nanosized silica substrates with different porosity, are functionalized with various concentrations of porphyrins. The study of their optical properties reveals that, under light excitation, the dye luminescence is activated only by a rather poor re-absorption mechanism. Differently, upon X-Ray exposure, the porphyrin emission sensitization is enhanced, especially at low concentrations and high energy of the ionizing beams, by the locally augmented energy deposition favoured by ZnO, as also confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. These findings highlight the synergic role of X-Ray and functionalization, paving the way for further studies on the impact of nano-agent design on its performances. This PhD project has been performed at the Department of Materials Science of the University of Milano-Bicocca, in collaboration with the NanoMat@Lab for the samples preparation and with Dr Anne-Laure Bulin of the Synchrotron Radiation for Biomedicine Group at the University of Grenoble-Alpes, INSERM, for the computational analysis.
Le nanoparticelle possiedono proprietà uniche che permettono il loro utilizzo in diversi settori, come la catalisi, l’opto-elettronica e la medicina. A livello nanometrico, il rapporto superficie-volume è alto, portando alla formazione di difetti che influenzano le proprietà del sistema, ad esempio le risposte catalitiche e ottiche. Inoltre, le elevate aree e reattività superficiali delle nanoparticelle consentono la loro funzionalizzazione con diversi leganti, incrementando la loro versatilità, soprattutto nell’ambito medico. L'accuratezza e l’efficacia di diagnosi e terapie può migliorare implementando le strategie tradizionali con nano-agenti. Tra i campi di ricerca in nanomedicina, nanoparticelle con alto numero atomico sono promettenti per innovare la radioterapia e per sviluppare nuove procedure oncologiche, come la terapia fotodinamica indotta dai raggi X, che sfrutta nanoscintillatori combinati a fotosensibilizzatori. In questo ambito, ZnO è di grande interesse. ZnO è un semiconduttore che mostra emissioni nello spettro del visibile, reattività superficiale e biocompatibilità. Inoltre, esposto ai raggi X, ZnO può generare specie citotossiche sia direttamente, grazie alla sua attività catalitica, sia indirettamente, attivando i vicini fotosensibilizzatori, grazie alla sua abilità di convertire i fotoni X in visibili. Questa tesi concerne lo studio di NPs di ZnO per l’innovazione di terapie oncologiche attivate dai raggi X. In dettaglio, un’analisi fondamentale delle proprietà ottiche e catalitiche di diversi campioni di ZnO è condotta e usata come base per progettare nanosistemi multicomponente a base di ZnO. In particolare, le proprietà ottiche di campioni di ZnO con diverse dimensioni (nanometriche, micrometriche e massive) e condizioni di crescita sono studiate con tecniche di fotoluminescenza e radioluminescenza con l’obiettivo di approfondire la comprensione del ruolo della morfologia sulla difettualità. L’analisi numerica di tutti gli spettri identifica nella luminescenza di ZnO un massimo di cinque bande di emissione (una attribuita agli eccitoni e quattro ai difetti), le cui forme spettrali e tempi di vita variano con la dimensione e la procedura di sintesi. Inoltre, lo studio dell’abilità di diversi campioni nanometrici di ZnO di produrre specie citotossiche rivela che la sua attività radio-catalitica dipende dal tipo e dalla concentrazione dei difetti di punto. Quindi, il controllo dei parametri di sintesi e della morfologia (dimensione, forma, interfacce) potrebbe permette l’ingegnerizzazione dei difetti e quindi delle proprietà ottiche e catalitiche. Per realizzare un nano-agente per la terapia fotodinamica indotta dai raggi X, nanoparticelle di ZnO, supportate su substrati nanometrici di silice con diversa porosità, sono funzionalizzate con varie concentrazioni di porfirine. Lo studio delle loro proprietà ottiche rivela che, sotto eccitazione ottica, la luminescenza della porfirina è attivata solo da un meccanismo di riassorbimento con efficienza limitata. Invece, sotto radiazione ionizzante, l’emissione della porfirina è ben sensibilizzata, specialmente a basse concentrazioni e alte energie del fascio di raggi X, grazie al locale aumento del deposito di energia favorito dalle nanoparticelle di ZnO, come confermato dalle simulazioni. Questi risultati evidenziano il ruolo sinergico dei raggi X e della funzionalizzazione, aprendo a ulteriori studi sull’impatto della progettazione del nano-agente sulle sue prestazioni. Questo progetto è stato condotto nel Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali dell’università di Milano-Bicocca e in collaborazione con il NanoMat@Lab per la preparazione dei campioni e con la Dottoressa Anne-Laure Bulin dell’università di Grenoble-Alpes per l’analisi computazionale.
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Backe-Hansen, Henrik. "Defective Pixel Correction." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11270.

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When using CMOS technology for image sensors, there is a possibility that any givenpixel is defective and will thus produce a value that does not correlate to the amount oflight it was subject to. As such, the processing unit will calculate a value that diersfrom the value produced if the transistor was working correctly. Having a pixel with adefective value can manifest itself as a light spot or a dark spot depending on whether thetransistor for that pixel is on or o. In some areas where the value of the defective pixeldoes not dier greatly from its neighbors, the image will not appear as degraded in theeyes of the viewer as if the defective value was in great contrast to its surroundings.Theability to compensate for the defective pixels with an algorithm will result in a morerobust device that is not required to function perfectly in order to produce an image. Italso translates into prot as a company can sell image sensors that would otherwise havebeen discarded by testing procedures.This report is organized with chapter 1 providing the introduction to the assignment interms of the nature of defective pixels and also creating a context with explanation asto why it is an important aspect of manufacturing image sensors .Chapter 2 describesthe development board that is utilized and how an embedded system can utilize a vhdlperipheral. It also shows what components will go into making an embedded system withthe required functionality. The theory behind components and techniques used in thisproject is in chapter 3. The vhdl les to be added to a peripheral so that they can beaccessed by the cpu, and the architectures of the vhdl les and microblaze are placedin chapter 4. Chapter 5 contains the simulations of the input images with dierentnoise levels and threshold levels in addition to tests designed to determine the embeddedsystems functional ability.The vhdl les and the microblaze systems are synthesized withthe resulting numbers revealed in chapter 6. The tools used in this project are listedin chapter 7 with their version number. Chapter 8 contains discussions regarding theresults and techniques in this project. The concluding remarks and the further work forthe project are in chapter 9 and 10, respectively. A list of terms will explain abbreviationsused in this report.i
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Probst, Ronald Dean. "Avoiding defective simple convalidation." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2006. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p029-0671.

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Carneireiro, Ana Paula Craig. "Classification and quantification of defective and non-defective coffees by FTIR and NIR spectroscopy." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUBD-9EBPQR.

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A major parameter directly related to coffee quality is the presence of defective beans, which impart negative sensory aspects to the beverage. The defects that contribute the most to the depreciation of the beverage quality are black, sour and immature beans. The conventional method used to assess the quality of roasted coffees is based on sensory evaluation, which, although reliable, is time-consuming and requires trained cupper experts. In view of the aforementioned, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of FTIR and NIR spectroscopy as practical techniques to assess the quality of coffees based on the presence of defective beans. Coffee beans were manually sorted into five classes: black, dark sour, immature, light sour and non-defective. Each of the coffee classes was roasted at three temperatures (220 °C, 235 °C and 250 °C) and to three roasting degrees (light, medium and dark) obtaining nine roasting conditions. Roasted coffee samples were ground, sieved and analyzed by DRIFTS, ATR-FTIR and NIR for a classification study. Results from PCA indicated that based on DRIFTS spectra, coffee samples could be discriminated into four major groups: (a) non-defective, (b) black, (c) dark sour and (d) light sour, with immature beans scattered among the sour samples. ATRFTIR provided the discrimination of the coffee samples, although not clearly, into two groups: (a) non-defective and light sour and (b) black, dark sour and immature, and NIR provided the discrimination into three major groups: (a) non-defective, light sour and immature, (b) dark sour, and (c) black. At all cases the variance among the samples led to the discrimination of the coffees primarily by their classes, regardless of roasting degree. Classification models for DRIFTS spectra were developed by LDA while classification models for ATR-FTIR and NIR were developed by Elastic net. High percentages of correct classification, up to 100%, were achieved with each of the techniques employed. The discriminating variables that contributed to the correct classification of the samples from the Elastic net models, for ATR-FTIR and NIR data, were extracted and provided the following interpretation of the models: (a) nondefective coffee was directly related to high levels of carbohydrates and lipids and lower levels of proteins and/or amino acids and caffeine; (b) light sour coffee was related to high levels of carbohydrates and caffeine; (c) dark sour coffee was directly associated with high levels of aliphatic acids and low levels of lipids; (d) black coffee was related to high levels of proteins and/or amino acids and low levels of lipids; and (e) immature coffee was related to high levels of proteins and/or amino acids and caffeine and low levels of lipids. In a second part of this study, blends of defective in admixture with non-defective coffee, with %defects ranging from 0% to 30% in steps of 3%, were produced and analyzed by ATR-FTIR and NIR for a quantification assay. PLSR was used to construct the models that provided satisfactory results. RMSEP values as low as 2.6% and R2 values as high as 0.956 in the validation set were achieved. Overall, NIR overcame ATR-FTIR in terms of robustness and accuracy.
A presença de grãos defeituosos é um importante parâmetro diretamente relacionado à qualidade do café, pois é associado a características sensoriais indesejáveis na bebida. Os grãos defeituosos que mais contribuem para a depreciação da bebida são os grãos pretos, ardidos e imaturos. O método convencional empregado na avaliação da qualidade de cafés torrados é baseado na análise sensorial da bebida ou prova de xícara, que demanda considerável tempo para ser executado, requer provadores treinados e depende de um controle rigoroso do grau de torração. Diante do exposto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial das técnicas espectroscópicas FTIR e NIR para a avaliação da qualidade de cafés com base na presença de grãos defeituosos. Grãos de café foram manualmente separados em cinco classes: sadio, ardido claro, ardido escuro, preto e imaturo. Cada uma das classes foi processada a três temperaturas (220 °C, 235 °C e 250 °C) e três níveis de torração (claro, médio e escuro) obtendo-se nove condições de torração. As amostras de café torrado foram então moídas, peneiradas e analisadas por DRIFTS, ATR-FTIR e NIR em um estudo classificatório. Os resultados de PCA indicaram que, com base nos espectros obtidos por DRIFTS, é possível discriminar as amostras em quatro grupos: (a) sadio, (b) preto, (c) ardido escuro e (d) ardido claro, com café imaturo dispersado entre os cafés ardidos. ATR-FTIR proporcionou a discriminação das amostras, apesar de não efetivamente, em dois principais grupos: (a) sadio e ardido claro, e (b) preto, ardido escuro e imaturo; enquanto NIR proporcionou a discriminação das amostras em três principais grupos: (a) sadios, ardido claro e imaturo, (b) ardido escuro e (c) preto. Nas três técnicas a variância entre as amostras levou à discriminação de cafés prioritariamente por suas classes, independentemente das suas condições de torração. Os modelos de classificação para os espectros obtidos por DRIFTS foram desenvolvidos por LDA enquanto que os modelos para ATR-FTIR e NIR foram desenvolvidos por rede Elástica. Porcentagens altas de amostras corretamente classificadas (até 100%) foram obtidas nos três modelos desenvolvidos. As variáveis discriminantes que contribuíram para a correta classificação de amostras nos modelos desenvolvidos por rede Elástica, para os dados de ATR-FTIR e NIR, foram extraídas e proporcionaram a seguinte interpretação dos modelos: (a) café sadio foi diretamente relacionado a altos teores de carboidratos e lipídios e baixos teores de proteína e/ou aminoácidos e cafeína; (b) café ardido claro foi relacionado a altos teores de carboidratos e cafeína; (c) café ardido escuro foi diretamente relacionado a altos teores de ácidos alifáticos e baixos teores de lipídios; (d) café preto foi relacionado a níveis altos proteínas e/ou aminoácidos e baixos níveis de lipídios; e (e) café imaturo foi relacionado a altos níveis de proteínas e/ou aminoácidos e cafeína e baixo conteúdo de lipídios. Misturas de grãos sadios e defeituosos, com %defeitos variando de 0% a 30% em passos de 3%, foram produzidas e analisadas por ATR-FTIR e NIR para um estudo quantitativo. PLSR foi utilizada para o desenvolvimento dos modelos quantitativos que proporcionaram resultados satisfatórios. Valores de RMSEP baixos como 2,6% e valores de R2 altos como 0.956 no conjunto de validação foram obtidos. De um modo geral, os modelos desenvolvidos com espectros obtidos por NIR apresentaram-se mais robustos e acurados em relação aos modelos de ATR-FTIR.
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Minervini, Licia. "Atomistic stimulation of defective oxides." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394513.

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Sawers, Ruairidh J. H. "Functional analysis of bundle sheath defective2." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342541.

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Al-Mijalli, Mohammed Hmad Saleh. "Design of an instrumented walkway for measuring the temporal distance parameters of gait." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249763.

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Kasianenko, Stanislav. "Predicting Software Defectiveness by Mining Software Repositories." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-78729.

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One of the important aims of the continuous software development process is to localize and remove all existing program bugs as fast as possible. Such goal is highly related to software engineering and defectiveness estimation. Many big companies started to store source code in software repositories as the later grew in popularity. These repositories usually include static source code as well as detailed data for defects in software units. This allows analyzing all the data without interrupting programing process. The main problem of large, complex software is impossibility to control everything manually while the price of the error can be very high. This might result in developers missing defects on testing stage and increase of maintenance cost. The general research goal is to find a way of predicting future software defectiveness with high precision. Reducing maintenance and development costs will contribute to reduce the time-to-market and increase software quality. To address the problem of estimating residual defects an approach was found to predict residual defectiveness of a software by the means of machine learning. For a prime machine learning algorithm, a regression decision tree was chosen as a simple and reliable solution. Data for this tree is extracted from static source code repository and divided into two parts: software metrics and defect data. Software metrics are formed from static code and defect data is extracted from reported issues in the repository. In addition to already reported bugs, they are augmented with unreported bugs found on “discussions” section in repository and parsed by a natural language processor. Metrics were filtered to remove ones, that were not related to defect data by applying correlation algorithm. Remaining metrics were weighted to use the most correlated combination as a training set for the decision tree. As a result, built decision tree model allows to forecast defectiveness with 89% chance for the particular product. This experiment was conducted using GitHub repository on a Java project and predicted number of possible bugs in a single file (Java class). The experiment resulted in designed method for predicting possible defectiveness from a static code of a single big (more than 1000 files) software version.
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Rocha, Ricardo Ferreira da. "Defective models for cure rate modeling." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7751.

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Modeling of a cure fraction, also known as long-term survivors, is a part of survival analysis. It studies cases where supposedly there are observations not susceptible to the event of interest. Such cases require special theoretical treatment, in a way that the modeling assumes the existence of such observations. We need to use some strategy to make the survival function converge to a value p 2 (0; 1), representing the cure rate. A way to model cure rates is to use defective distributions. These distributions are characterized by having probability density functions which integrate to values less than one when the domain of some of their parameters is di erent from that usually de ned. There is not so much literature about these distributions. There are at least two distributions in the literature that can be used for defective modeling: the Gompertz and inverse Gaussian distribution. The defective models have the advantage of not need the assumption of the presence of immune individuals in the data set. In order to use the defective distributions theory in a competitive way, we need a larger variety of these distributions. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to increase the number of defective distributions that can be used in the cure rate modeling. We investigate how to extend baseline models using some family of distributions. In addition, we derive a property of the Marshall-Olkin family of distributions that allows one to generate new defective models.
A modelagem da fração de cura e uma parte importante da an álise de sobrevivência. Essa área estuda os casos em que, supostamente, existem observa ções não suscetíveis ao evento de interesse. Tais casos requerem um tratamento teórico especial, de forma que a modelagem pressuponha a existência de tais observações. E necessário usar alguma estratégia para tornar a função de sobrevivência convergente para um valor p 2 (0; 1), que represente a taxa de cura. Uma forma de modelar tais frações e por meio de distribui ções defeituosas. Essas distribuições são caracterizadas por possuirem funções de densidade de probabilidade que integram em valores inferiores a um quando o domínio de alguns dos seus parâmetros e diferente daquele em que e usualmente definido. Existem, pelo menos, duas distribuições defeituosas na literatura: a Gompertz e a inversa Gaussiana. Os modelos defeituosos têm a vantagem de não precisar pressupor a presença de indivíduos imunes no conjunto de dados. Para utilizar a teoria de d istribuições defeituosas de forma competitiva e necessário uma maior variedade dessas distribuições. Portanto, o principal objetivo deste trabalho e aumentar o n úmero de distribuições defeituosas que podem ser utilizadas na modelagem de frações de curas. Nós investigamos como estender os modelos defeituosos básicos utilizando certas famílias de distribuições. Além disso, derivamos uma propriedade da famí lia Marshall-Olkin de distribuições que permite gerar uma nova classe de modelos defeituosos.
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Books on the topic "Defectivene"

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Rudland, William P. Defective pricing. Cleveland, Ohio: Federal Contracting Press, 1990.

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Kevin, Barrett. Defective construction work. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Blackwell Science, 2008.

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Hard-boiled defective stories. New York: Pantheon/Raw Book, 1988.

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McLain, Lesley. Defective interfering influenza viruses. [s.l.]: typescript, 1986.

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Owles, Derrick. Liability for defective services. London: Financial Times Business Information, 1991.

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Hard-boiled defective stories. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1990.

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Griffiths, Margaret. Defectiveness in EEC Product Liability. London: Stevens, 1987.

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Bennett, Benjamin. The Defective Art of Poetry. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137381880.

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Vogt, Peter K., and Andrew O. Jackson, eds. Satellites and Defective Viral RNAs. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09796-0.

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Johnson, Raymond Paul. Defective product: Evidence to verdict. Charlottesville, Va: Michie, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Defectivene"

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Barenboim, Leonid, and Michael Elkin. "Defective Coloring." In Distributed Graph Coloring, 67–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02009-4_6.

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Betz, Joachim. "Defective Statehood." In Development Policy, 177–80. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35011-6_17.

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Sloane, Peter. "Hideously Defective." In David Foster Wallace and the Body, 95–118. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in contemporary literature ; 32: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429286483-5.

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Imani Yengejeh, Sadegh, Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi, and Andreas Öchsner. "Defective CNT Structures." In A Primer on the Geometry of Carbon Nanotubes and Their Modifications, 29–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14986-8_5.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Color Vision, Defective." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 157–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_2675.

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Glassner, Barry, and Julia Loughlin. "Seeing Defective Individuals." In Drugs in Adolescent Worlds, 235–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20743-5_10.

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Willmot, Gordon E., and X. Sheldon Lin. "Defective renewal equations." In Lundberg Approximations for Compound Distributions with Insurance Applications, 151–81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0111-0_9.

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Freeouf, J. L., and J. M. Woodall. "Defective Heterojunction Models." In Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Heterojunctions, 180–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3073-5_15.

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Glassner, Barry, and Julia Loughlin. "Seeing Defective Individuals." In Drugs in Adolescent Worlds, 235–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18809-3_10.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Vision, Defective Color." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 800. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_12621.

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Conference papers on the topic "Defectivene"

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Geller, Avner, and Stevie Lewis. "Defective Detective." In SA '11: SIGGRAPH Asia 2011. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2077356.2425757.

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Soltanifar, Behjat, Atakan Erdem, and Ayse Bener. "Predicting Defectiveness of Software Patches." In ESEM '16: ACM/IEEE 9th International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2961111.2962601.

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Rafferty, Laura A., Neville A. Stanton, and Guy H. Walker. "Fratricide: Defective Decision Making." In 9th Bi-annual International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM9). BCS Learning & Development, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/ndm2009.61.

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Kaner, Cem. "Liability for defective documentation." In the 21st annual international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/944868.944910.

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Kaner, Cem. "Liability for defective content." In the 22nd annual international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1026533.1026570.

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Brenda Marise Oliveira Custódio, Fernando Silva Magalhães, Marcelo Borges Mansur, Adriana Silva França, and Leandro Soares de Oliveira. "Elemental Analysis Of Defective And Non-Defective Beans In Green And Roasted Coffee." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.19611.

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Blanks, Michael. "Why we tolerate defective software." In the 22nd annual ACM computer science conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/197530.197636.

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Zhukova, Ekaterina V. "Nondestructive testing method of crystal surface defectiveness." In Optics and Optoelectronic Inspection and Control: Techniques, Applications, and Instruments, edited by FeiJun Song, Frank Chen, Michael Y. Y. Hung, and H. M. Shang. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.402588.

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Counsell, Steve, Tracy Hall, Thomas Shippey, David Bowes, Amjed Tahir, and Stephen MacDonell. "Assert Use and Defectiveness in Industrial Code." In 2017 IEEE 28th International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering: Workshops (ISSREW). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issrew.2017.20.

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Min-li, Xu, and Chen Xiao-hong. "Consignment Stock Policy with Defective Items." In 2006 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2006.313936.

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Reports on the topic "Defectivene"

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Grice, J. V. Quality metrics for product defectiveness at KCD. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10178219.

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Sheriff, Marnelle L. Control of Suspect/Counterfeit and Defective Items. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1091871.

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Morimoto, Kazuhiko, Nobuyuki Okubo, Takeshi Toi, and Tsuyoshi Okumura. Judgment of Defective Gear by Vibration Measurement and Analysis. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0030.

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Bar-Joseph, Moshe, William O. Dawson, and Munir Mawassi. Role of Defective RNAs in Citrus Tristeza Virus Diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575279.bard.

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This program focused on citrus tristeza virus (CTV), the largest and one of the most complex RNA-plant-viruses. The economic importance of this virus to the US and Israeli citrus industries, its uniqueness among RNA viruses and the possibility to tame the virus and eventually turn it into a useful tool for the protection and genetic improvement of citrus trees justify these continued efforts. Although the overall goal of this project was to study the role(s) of CTV associated defective (d)-RNAs in CTV-induced diseases, considerable research efforts had to be devoted to the engineering of the helper virus which provides the machinery to allow dRNA replication. Considerable progress was made through three main lines of complementary studies. For the first time, the generation of an engineered CTV genetic system that is capable of infecting citrus plants with in vitro modified virus was achieved. Considering that this RNA virus consists of a 20 kb genome, much larger than any other previously developed similar genetic system, completing this goal was an extremely difficult task that was accomplished by the effective collaboration and complementarity of both partners. Other full-length genomic CTV isolates were sequenced and populations examined, resulting in a new level of understanding of population complexities and dynamics in the US and Israel. In addition, this project has now considerably advanced our understanding and ability to manipulate dRNAs, a new class of genetic elements of closteroviruses, which were first found in the Israeli VT isolate and later shown to be omnipresent in CTV populations. We have characterized additional natural dRNAs and have shown that production of subgenomic mRNAs can be involved in the generation of dRNAs. We have molecularly cloned natural dRNAs and directly inoculated citrus plants with 35S-cDNA constructs and have shown that specific dRNAs are correlated with specific disease symptoms. Systems to examine dRNA replication in protoplasts were developed and the requirements for dRNA replication were defined. Several artificial dRNAs that replicate efficiently with a helper virus were created from infectious full-genomic cDNAs. Elements that allow the specific replication of dRNAs by heterologous helper viruses also were defined. The T36-derived dRNAs were replicated efficiently by a range of different wild CTV isolates and hybrid dRNAs with heterologous termini are efficiently replicated with T36 as helper. In addition we found: 1) All CTV genes except of the p6 gene product from the conserved signature block of the Closteroviridae are obligate for assembly, infectivity, and serial protoplast passage; 2) The p20 protein is a major component of the amorphous inclusion bodies of infected cells; and 3) Novel 5'-Co-terminal RNAs in CTV infected cells were characterized. These results have considerably advanced our basic understanding of the molecular biology of CTV and CTV-dRNAs and form the platform for the future manipulation of this complicated virus. As a result of these developments, the way is now open to turn constructs of this viral plant pathogen into new tools for protecting citrus against severe CTV terms and development of virus-based expression vectors for other citrus improvement needs. In conclusion, this research program has accomplished two main interconnected missions, the collection of basic information on the molecular and biological characteristics of the virus and its associated dRNAs toward development of management strategies against severe diseases caused by the virus and building of novel research tools to improve citrus varieties. Reaching these goals will allow us to advance this project to a new phase of turning the virus from a pathogen to an ally.
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Morris, T. J., and A. O. Jackson. Characterization of defective interfering RNAs associated with RNA plant viruses. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6880107.

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Cramer, Scott. A Novel Apoptosis Pathway that is Defective in Early Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436912.

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Thorburn, Andrew M. A Novel Apoptosis Pathway That is Defective in Early Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416642.

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Thorburn, Andrew M., and D. Phil. A Novel Apoptosis Pathway that is Defective in Early Breast Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada425681.

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Obringer, John W. Bacteriophage T4D Gene 42 Mutants Exhibit a Defective Genetic Exclusion Phenotype. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada235836.

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Paudel, Hari, and Yuhua Duan. Fundamental Studies of Tritium Diffusivity in Irradiated Defective Lithium Aluminate Pellets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1656839.

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