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Academic literature on the topic 'DEET'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "DEET"

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Choi, Charles Q. "DEET Beaters." Scientific American 299, no. 2 (August 2008): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0808-34c.

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Briassoulis, G., M. Narlioglou, and T. Hatzis. "Toxic encephalopathy associated with use of DEET insect repellents: a case analysis of its toxicity in children." Human & Experimental Toxicology 20, no. 1 (January 2001): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/096032701676731093.

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(1) Respiratory distress and seizures developed in an 18-month-old boy following brief exposure to low-strength (17.6%) N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET). A review of the literature revealed 17 reports of DEET-induced encephalopathy in children. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the potential toxicity of DEET is high and that available repellents containing DEET, irrespective of their strength, are not safe when applied to children's skin. (2) Although this is a case report, we used the features of published reports of DEET-induced encephalopathy in children to support the diagnosis, since the evidence that the child's illness was caused by DEET was circumstantial. In the following case analysis, clinical reports of children < 16 years old have been reviewed and analyzed in an effort to relate direct DEET toxicity to various clinical, demographic, and toxic compound exposure factors (Fisher's exacttest and logistic regression analysis). (3) DEET-induced encephalopathy in children (56%o girls) followed not only ingestion or repeated and extensive application of repellents, but also a brief exposure to DEET (45%). Of those who reported a dermal exposure, 33% reported an exposure to a product containing DEET <20%. Seizures, the most prominent symptom (72%), were significantly more frequent when DEET solutions were applied to the skin (P < 0.01). Mortality (16.6%) did not correlate significantly with the concentration of the DEET liquid used, duration of skin exposure, pattern of use, age, or sex. (4) Data of this case analysis suggest that repellents containing DEET are not safe when applied to children's skin and should be avoided in children. Additionally, since the potential toxicity of DEETis high, less toxic preparations should be probably substituted forDEET-containingrepellents, whenever possible.
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Clem, James R., David F. Havemann, and Marsha A. Raebel. "Insect Repellent (N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide) Cardiovascular Toxicity in an Adult." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 27, no. 3 (March 1993): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809302700305.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of N,N-diethyl- m-toluamide (DEET)-induced cardiovascular toxicity in an adult and reviews other cases that have been reported in the published literature. Human and animal data available on DEET pharmacokinetics are reviewed and factors that predispose an individual to DEET toxicity are identified. DATA SOURCES: Case report information was obtained through personal contact with the patient during hospitalization and by telephone, and also from the patient's medical records. Computerized literature searches were conducted with the following systems to obtain medical literature on DEET toxicity: TOXLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and MEDLINE. Index Medicus was searched manually. STUDY SELECTION: All reported cases of DEET toxicity in children and adults were reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION: Case reports were evaluated for the quantity of the DEET exposure (topical or oral), the clinical manifestations of the exposure, and the outcome of the exposure. DATA SYNTHESIS: This case is similar in some aspects to those already in the literature; however, very few cases of DEET toxicity in adults have been reported. Cardiovascular toxicity in humans related to DEET application has not been previously reported in the published medical literature. DEET exposure (topical or oral) results in a highly variable clinical course. Whether the outcome is death or recovery without sequelae is difficult to predict. CONCLUSIONS: Adults, as well as children, are at risk for toxicity from insect repellents. The use of highly concentrated DEET-containing insect repellents should be avoided to reduce the risk of toxicity in both children and adults. The consequences of DEET toxicity are variable and unpredictable.
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Moody, Richard P. "Automated in Vitro Dermal Absorption (AIVDA): A New in Vitro Method for Investigating Transdermal Flux." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 25, no. 3 (May 1997): 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299702500318.

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A new in vitro method for investigating transdermal flux is described. The method, called Automated In Vitro Dermal Absorption (AIVDA), employed small autosampler vial inserts (Moody cells) to hold human skin (0.07cm2) in a standard autosampler carousel. HPLC was used to monitor the permeation rate of test compounds. Analysis was fully automated and remotely monitored and controlled via a modem. A modified Hank's balanced salt solution was used to minimise HPLC background interference. Permeation assays conducted with Deep Woods®, a commercial N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET)-based mosquito repellent, showed no significant difference in DEET absorption between fresh and frozen human abdominal skin (Student's t test [p ≤ 0.05] 56 ± 9.1% [n = 4] and 48 ± 6.3% [n = 4], respectively). No significant difference was obtained for DEET absorption in human skin pretreated with barrier cream. Preliminary tests conducted to validate AIVDA versus the standard Bronaugh procedure demonstrated excellent agreement for DEET permeation in rat skin (62 ± 12.8% [n = 4] Moody cells; 59 ± 8.1% [n = 3] Bronaugh cells). AIVDA has many advantages over other in vitro permeation tests, including automation, higher analytical sensitivity, rapid sample processing and the ability to use small (5mm outside diameter) skin specimens.
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Pickett, J. A., M. A. Birkett, and J. G. Logan. "DEET repels ORNery mosquitoes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 36 (September 4, 2008): 13195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0807167105.

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Bucci, Mirella. "A DEET-induced confusion." Nature Chemical Biology 7, no. 11 (October 18, 2011): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.704.

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Roberts, James R., and J. Routt Reigart. "Does Anything Beat DEET?" Pediatric Annals 33, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 444–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0090-4481-20040701-09.

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Fediuk, Daryl J., Tao Wang, Joshua E. Raizman, Fiona E. Parkinson, and Xiaochen Gu. "Tissue Deposition of the Insect Repellent DEET and the Sunscreen Oxybenzone From Repeated Topical Skin Applications in Rats." International Journal of Toxicology 29, no. 6 (October 19, 2010): 594–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581810380147.

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Insect repellent N,N-diethyl- m-toluamide (DEET) and sunscreen oxybenzone are capable of enhancing skin permeation of each other when applied simultaneously. We carried out a cellular study in rat astrocytes and neurons to assess cell toxicity of DEET and oxybenzone and a 30-day study in Sprague-Dawley rats to characterize skin permeation and tissue disposition of the compounds. Cellular toxicity occurred at 1 µg/mL for neurons and 7-day treatment for astrocytes and neurons. DEET and oxybenzone permeated across the skin to accumulate in blood, liver, and brain after repeated topical applications. DEET disappeared from the application site faster than oxybenzone. Combined application enhanced the disposition of DEET in liver. No overt sign of behavioral toxicity was observed from several behavioral testing protocols. It was concluded that despite measurable disposition of the study compounds in vivo, there was no evidence of neurotoxicological deficits from repeated topical applications of DEET, oxybenzone, or both.
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Fediuk, Daryl J., Tao Wang, Yufei Chen, Fiona E. Parkinson, Michael P. Namaka, Keith J. Simons, Frank J. Burczynski, and Xiaochen Gu. "Metabolic Disposition of the Insect Repellent DEET and the Sunscreen Oxybenzone Following Intravenous and Skin Administration in Rats." International Journal of Toxicology 31, no. 5 (October 2012): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581812459893.

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Insect repellent N,N-diethyl- m-toluamide (DEET) and sunscreen oxybenzone have shown a synergistic percutaneous enhancement when applied concurrently. Both compounds are extensively metabolized in vivo into a series of potentially toxic metabolites: 2 metabolites of DEET, N,N-diethyl- m-hydroxymethylbenzamide (DHMB) and N-ethyl- m-toluamide (ET), and 3 metabolites of oxybenzone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (DHB), 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (DMB), and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (THB). In this study, the metabolites were extensively distributed following intravenous and topical skin administration of DEET and oxybenzone in rats. Combined application enhanced the disposition of all DEET metabolites in the liver but did not consistently affect the distribution of oxybenzone metabolites. The DHMB appeared to be the major metabolite for DEET, while THB and its precursor DHB were the main metabolites for oxybenzone. Repeated once-daily topical application for 30 days led to higher concentrations of DEET metabolites in the liver. Hepatoma cell studies revealed a decrease in cellular proliferation from all metabolites as single and combined treatments, most notably at 72 hours. Increased accumulation of DHMB and ET in the liver together with an ability to reduce cellular proliferation at achievable plasma concentrations indicated that simultaneous exposure to DEET and oxybenzone might have the potential to precipitate adverse effects in a rat animal model.
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Sfara, Valeria, Gastón A. Mougabure-Cueto, and Paola A. González-Audino. "Modulation of the behavioral and electrical responses to the repellent DEET elicited by the pre-exposure to the same compound inBlattella germanica." PeerJ 4 (June 28, 2016): e2150. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2150.

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Insects under different stimuli from the environment modify behavioural responses due to changes in the sensitivity of neurons at the peripheral and/or at the central level of the nervous system. This phenomenon is called neuronal plasticity, and sensory adaptation is an example of it. An insect repellent is a chemical that produces oriented movements of the insects away from its source. In this work we studied the modulation of the behavioural and electrical response to the repellent N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) in males of the German cockroachB. germanicaproduced by previous exposure to the same repellent.Methods.We determined repellency using a circular arena, one half of which was treated with DEET. The time spent by insects in each half of the arena was measured, and a repellency coefficient (RC) was calculated. The RCs of pre-exposed and non-pre-exposed insects were compared. To determine a possible role of nitric oxide in the modulation of the response to DEET after pre-exposure, the nitric oxide donor S-nitroso-acetyl-cysteine (SNAC) was applied on cockroaches’ antennae. The electrical activity of the cockroaches’ antennae in response to DEET was recorded using electroantennogram (EAG) technique. The response to DEET was recorded also after a long stimulation with the same repellent, and after topical application of SNAC and dbcGMP (a cGMP analogue) on the antennae.Results.We found that previous exposure ofB. germanicamales to the repellent DEET produced an increase of the repellency at the behavioural level, measured as RC. A possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in the transduction pathway of this phenomenon is suggested, since treatment of the cockroaches with the NO donor SNAC also produced an increase of the repellency elicited by DEET. On the other hand, the response of the cockroaches’ antennae exposed to DEET was determined electrophysiologically. The electrical activity in response to DEET decreased when the insects’ antennae were stimulated with a long pulse of the repellent. The activity of the antennae was restored after 10 min. Treatment of the antennae either with SNAC or dbGMPc also produced a decrease in the response of the antennae to the repellent.Discussion.The previous exposure to a chemical stimulus can modify the behaviour associated to the same stimulus, increasing or decreasing the behavioural response. In the case of DEET we found that pre-exposure increased DEET repellency in male cockroaches. We also found NO involvement in a similar phenomenon. On the other hand, the test showed that DEET is perceived by insects’ antennae as an odour. A long exposure of the antennae to DEET caused a transient decrease in the response of the antennae to the same compound. The same effect was achieved by treating the antennae with SNAC or dbcGMP, suggesting the involvement of the NO/cGMP system in the transduction pathway of the sensory adaptation phenomenon elicited by an odour in this species.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "DEET"

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Stanczyk, Nina M. "An investigation of DEET-insensitivity in Aedes aegypti." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11828/.

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N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is one of the most effective and commonly used mosquito repellents. However, during laboratory trials a small proportion of mosquitoes are still attracted by human odours despite the presence of DEET. In this study behavioural assays identified Aedes aegypti females that were insensitive to DEET. The selection of either sensitive or insensitive groups of females with males of unknown sensitivity over several generations resulted in two populations with different proportions of insensitive females. Crossing experiments showed the ‘DEET-insensitivity’ trait to be dominant. In addition to the finding of heritable DEET-insensitivity, unselected culture mosquitoes were shown to change their sensitivity to DEET after brief pre-exposure to the repellent. Female mosquitoes that were sensitive to DEET when first tested became insensitive when retested. Electroantennography showed that mosquitoes that were insensitive to DEET had a reduced response to DEET compared with mosquitoes that were sensitive to it. This was the case both for culture mosquitoes displaying insensitivity to DEET after brief pre-exposure to it, and for the sensitive and insensitive lines selected for several generations. Single sensillum recordings of the selected lines identified DEET-sensitive sensilla in the sensitive line that did not respond to DEET in the insensitive line. This study suggests that behavioural insensitivity to DEET in Ae. aegypti is a genetically determined dominant trait, which can also be temporarily induced by pre-exposure, and resides in changes in sensillum function. These results highlight the necessity for careful monitoring of DEET-insensitivity in the field, and caution when designing laboratory methods for repellency assays.
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Fediuk, Daryl James. "Pharmacokinetic and toxicological characterization of repellent DEET and sunscreen oxybenzone." John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/8112.

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Insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and sunscreen oxybenzone are commonly incorporated into commercially available repellent and sunscreen preparations. Both compounds have demonstrated an increased percutaneous permeation and systemic disposition after concurrent application in vitro and in vivo. The permeation enhancement between DEET and oxybenzone not only compromises their respective protective efficacy against biting insects and UV radiation, but also potentiates toxicological properties in susceptible subjects. The pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles from concurrent use of DEET and oxybenzone were evaluated and compared in this thesis. DEET and oxybenzone were administered by intravenous and topical routes in rats, either alone and/or in combination, to compare the pharmacokinetics of parent compounds and their primary metabolites in vivo. To evaluate toxicological characteristics, rat primary cortical neurons and astrocytes, and rat hepatoma 1548 cells were exposed to DEET, oxybenzone and their metabolites in vitro, and cell viability was analyzed. Various behavioral testing protocols were also performed to assess arousal, locomotion, habituation, and motor coordination of rats over a 30-day study period. Concurrent topical application of DEET and oxybenzone enhanced the disposition of DEET and its metabolites in rats, but did not consistently affect the distribution of oxybenzone and its metabolites. The disappearance of DEET from skin application site was accelerated; its apparent elimination half-life was decreased while its plasma and tissue concentrations were predominantly increased. Cellular toxicity occurred at 1 μg/ml for neurons and 7-day exposure for both astrocytes and neurons. Viability of hepatoma cells was also reduced when treated with DEET, oxybenzone and their metabolites, either alone or in combination, most notably after 72 hours of exposure. However, no overt signs of toxicity were observed from behavioral testing in rats after a 30-day topical study. The pharmacokinetic data obtained was beneficial in understanding and elucidating absorption and biodistribution of DEET and oxybenzone in vivo. The toxicological data suggested that the risk for increasing adverse effects from concurrent skin application of repellents and sunscreens would be low and marginal in healthy individuals. Nevertheless, further studies should be carried out to assess the long-term health impact of these compounds in susceptible subjects, especially at higher application doses.
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Cheney, Betty Jean. "Single Drop Microextraction: An Educational Undergraduate Laboratory Procedure Using Caffeine and DEET." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1338487212.

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Menon, Kalapurakkal Sunil. "Exposure of children to deet and other topically applied insect repellents." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2535.

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Thesis (M.P.H) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Public and Community Health. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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SANTHANAM, ARJUN. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO PREDICT THE SKIN DISPOSITION OF DEET AND OTHER VOLATILE COMPOUNDS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1092343602.

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Karr, Jennifer I. "A novel encapsulation favorably modifies the skin disposition of topically-applied N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353154812.

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Wang, Tao. "Evaluation of percutaneous penetration of insect repellent DEET and sunscreen oxybenzone from emulsion-based formulations." Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23341.

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Insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and sunscreen oxybenzone are commonly incorporated into commercially available consumer care products that are utilized to prevent vector-borne diseases and skin aging and damage. Semisolid emulsion-based formulation has been extensively selected for active repellent and sunscreen ingredients due to their excellent solubilizing properties for both lipophilic and hydrophilic components and satisfactory customer acceptance. Under the ideal use situation, an appropriate and elegant emulsion-based formulation can minimize transdermal absorption of DEET and oxybenzone and maximize their skin protection effect. The percutaneous penetration profiles of DEET and oxybenzone from several emulsion-based formulations were evaluated and compared by using the in vitro diffusion experiments in this thesis. Various parameters in the emulsion formulations, such as emulsion type, emulsifier, emollient, penetration enhancer, thickening agent, and thixotropic properties of the emulsions, could exert significant influence on percutaneous permeation of the active ingredients from the preparations. An emulsion-based preparation using the emulsifier, Emulium 22, possessed the relatively lower skin permeation of DEET and oxybenzone than other emulsion-based preparations; it was selected for the in vivo animal study. This emulsion-based formulation containing DEET and/or oxybenzone was topically applied to rats once daily for a 60-day period to investigate systemic concentration and tissue deposition of DEET, oxybenzone, and their respective metabolites. This formulation produced lower systemic absorption of DEET and oxybenzone than the commercially available products reported in a previous animal study. The concurrent application of DEET and oxybenzone in this study did not show synergistic enhancement between the two compounds in plasma. The percutaneous penetration profiles of DEET and oxybenzone from different semisolid emulsions in the in vitro diffusion experiment provided the important information in selecting the appropriate formulation of DEET and oxybenzone for topical application. The in vivo animal study identified pharmacokinetics and biodistribution characteristics of DEET and oxybenzone from the promising lab-developed emulsion. Studies are ongoing to further improve formulation characteristics so that this emulsion-based preparation could be used to minimize overall transdermal permeation of DEET and oxybenzone from topical skin application.
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Oliveira, Filho Jaires Gomes de. "Avaliação do papel repelente de voláteis isolados no odor de cães da raça Beagle contra o carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4117.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Ticks are arthropods of great importance in public health, due to the transmission of many pathogens. Rhipicephalus sanguineus parasites mainly dogs. It is known that Beagle dogs are less susceptible to R. sanguineus than English Cocker Spaniel, and still have resistance patterns linked to immunity. The lower susceptibility of Beagle dogs is due to chemical compounds they produce, which act in reducing the parasitic load of R. sanguineus on these animals. Given that this research aimed to verify the chemical repellency against R. sanguineus of compounds that have been identified in the odor of resistant dogs, and synthetic repellent compounds to other tick species. For testing chemical repellency two tests were used, the Petri dish and the Y-olfactometer. Five compounds identified in Beagle odors were selected and tested: 2 - hexanone, nonane, decane, undecane and benzaldehyde, the compound of botanical origin β-citronellol and the standard repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide). These compounds were tested alone and also two mixtures were evaluated: benzaldehyde and 2-hexanone (1:1), and benzaldehyde, 2-hexanone and undecane (1:1:1). All these compounds were prepared in a stock solution of 7.2 % ( ≈ 0.200 mg/cm²) and two lower concentrations were also tested: 0.100 and 0.050 mg/cm². DEET was repellent in the two highest concentrations and 68.33 to 86.67% of the ticks were found in untreated areas in different time points. At the concentration of 0.050 mg/cm² ticks were distributed similarly (without significant difference) in both areas. β-citronellol was the only compound tested that was repellent at all times and concentrations tested. The percentage of ticks in untreated areas ranged from 73.33 to 93.33 %. When compared β-citronellol with DEET the first compound was more effective at repelling the adults of R. sanguineus. For benzaldehyde, 30 minutes at a concentration of 0.200 mg/cm² a percentage of 63.33 % of ticks was observed in the untreated area. Percentage of 76.67 was observed after 5 min. at a concentration of 0.050 mg/cm². 2-hexanone was repellent at 30 min. at a concentration of 0.200 mg/cm² at 10 min. at a concentration of 0.100 mg/cm² and 30 minutes at a concentration of 0.050 mg/cm². For undecane a rate of 65.00% of ticks was observed in the untreated area in one moment of testing, the highest concentration during the first 5 min. of the evaluation. Nonane and decane not were not repellent at any of the concentrations and time intervals. The blend benzaldehyde + 2-hexanone was repellent in the three highest concentrations in almost all evaluated times, including in the olfactometer testing. During the whole test this mixture showed statistical similarity when compared with DEET. The addition of undecane to this blend did not potentiate its repellent power. The main result was the finding of natural repellents in resistant dogs to the tick R. sanguineus.
Carrapatos são artrópodes de grande importância dentro da saúde pública, devido à transmissão de inúmeros patógenos. Rhipicephalus sanguineus parasita principalmente cães. Sabe-se que cães da raça Beagle são menos susceptíveis ao R. sanguineus que cães Cocker Inglês, e ainda apresentam padrões de resistência ligados a imunidade. A menor susceptibilidade de cães Beagle está ligada a compostos químicos que estes produzem, os quais atuam na diminuição da carga parasitária de R. sanguineus sobre estes animais. Sabendo-se disso com esta pesquisa objetivou-se verificar a repelência química de compostos que foram identificados no odor de cães resistentes, além de compostos sintéticos repelentes para outros carrapatos, contra o R. sanguineus. Para os testes de repelência química foram utilizados dois ensaios de repelência, o da placa de Petri e do olfatômetro em Y. Foram testados cinco compostos com provável poder repelente e identificados nos odores de Beagle (2-hexanona, nonano, decano, undecano e benzaldeído), o composto de origem botânica β-citronelol e o repelente padrão DEET (N,N-dietil-3-metilbenzamida). Além destes compostos testados isoladamente, duas misturas foram avaliadas: benzaldeído e 2 -hexanona (1:1), e benzaldeído, 2-hexanona e undecano (1:1:1) Todos estes compostos foram formulados a partir de uma solução mãe de 7,2% (≈ 0,200 mg/cm²) da qual foi obtida posteriormente outras duas concentrações (0,100 e 0,050 mg/cm²). O DEET foi repelente nas duas maiores concentrações, sendo que 68,33 a 86,67% dos carrapatos foram encontrados nas áreas não tratadas, nos diferentes tempos de observação. Na concentração de 0,050 mg/cm² os carrapatos se distribuíram similarmente (sem diferença significativa) em ambas as áreas. β-citronelol foi o único composto testado que foi repelente em todos os tempos e concentrações testados. Os percentuais de carrapatos nas áreas não tratadas variaram de 73,33 a 93,33%. Quando comparado com o DEET o β-citronelol foi mais eficiente em repelir os adultos de R. sanguineus. Para o benzaldeido, aos 30 minutos, na concentração de 0,200 mg/cm² foi observado um percentual de 63,33% de carrapatos na área não tratada. Percentual de 76,67 foi observado aos cinco minutos, na concentração de 0,050 mg/cm². A 2-hexanona foi repelente aos 30 minutos, na concentração de 0,200 mg/cm², aos 10 minutos, na concentração de 0,100 mg/cm² e aos 30 minutos, na concentração de 0,050 mg/cm². Para o undecano foi observado um percentual de 65,00 de carrapatos na área não tratada em apenas um momento dos testes, na maior concentração, durante os primeiros cinco minutos de avaliação. Nonano e decano não causaram qualquer repelência para os carrapatos testados, em qualquer uma das concentrações ou intervalos de tempo avaliados. A mistura benzaldeido + 2-hexanona foi repelente nas três maiores concentrações, em quase todos os tempos avaliados, inclusive no teste de olfatometria. Durante todo o teste esta mistura mostrou semelhança estatística quando comparada com o DEET. A adição de undecano a esta mistura não potencializou o seu poder repelente. O principal resultado obtido foi a constatação da presença de repelentes naturais em cães resistentes ao carrapato R. sanguineus.
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Martini, Gisela de Assis. "Avaliação da citotoxicidade do Dietiltoluamida (DEET) em mexilhões Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) irradiados e não irradiados com radiação gama de 60Co." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-20012014-134632/.

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Estudos recentes têm identificado a presença de diversos poluentes emergentes em ambientes aquáticos. A ocorrência em diferentes matrizes ambientais tem sido continuamente relatada, o que evidencia a necessidade de estudos de toxicidade. O DEET (N,N-dietil-meta-toluamida) é o princípio ativo mais utilizado em repelentes de insetos e está presente em diversas formulações comercialmente disponíveis. Além dos poluentes químicos, os organismos aquáticos estão sujeitos à exposição da radiação ionizante proveniente de fontes naturais ou em proximidades de instalações de usinas nucleares. O presente estudo avaliou a toxicidade do DEET em organismos irradiados e não irradiados com radiação gama de 60Co, e os efeitos que a radiação causa sob os lisossomos de hemócitos do mexilhão Perna perna. Para isso, foram realizados ensaios de toxicidade aguda para identificar a concentração de DEET e a dose de radiação gama passíveis de causar mortalidade, e posteriormente ensaios de citotoxicidade avaliando a estabilidade da membrana lisossômica em organismos expostos ao DEET e radiação ionizante. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nos ensaios de toxicidade aguda, a concentração de DEET que causa mortalidade em 50% dos organismos expostos (CL50) é de 114,27 mg L-1, e a dose de radiação que causa mortalidade (DL50) é de 1068 Gy. Nos os ensaios de citotoxicidade obteve-se a concentração de efeito não observado (CENO) para organismos irradiados e não irradiados de 0,0001 mg L-1 e a concentração de efeito observado (CEO) em concentrações acima desta. A CI25(72h) para organismos não irradiados foi de 0,0003 mg L-1 e a CI50(72h) foi de 0,0008 mg L-1 para organismos irradiados e não irradiados. Apesar das concentrações de efeito encontradas no presente estudo terem sido mais altas que as ambientais, estão na mesma ordem de grandeza e também deve-se levar em consideração os possíveis efeitos sinérgicos do DEET com outros contaminantes presentes em ambiente aquático.
Recent studies have identified the presence of several emerging pollutants in aquatic environments. The occurrence in different environmental matrices has been continuously reported, highlighting the need for toxicity studies. The DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) is the active ingredient used in most insect repellents, and is present in many commercially available formulations. Apart from chemical pollutants, aquatic organisms are subject to exposure of ionizing radiation from natural sources or in the vicinity of nuclear power plants. The present study evaluated the toxicity of DEET in organisms irradiated and non-irradiated with 60Co gamma radiation, and the effects that radiation causes in lysosomes of hemocytes of Perna perna mussel. For this purpose, assays were performed to identify the acute toxicity of DEET concentration and the dose of gamma radiation able to cause mortality. Subsequently, cytotoxicity assays were carried out to assess the stability of the lysosomal membrane in organisms exposed to ionizing radiation and DEET. According to the results obtained in acute toxicity tests, the concentration of DEET that causes mortality of 50% exposed organisms (LC50) is 114,27 mg L-1, and the radiation dose that causes mortality (LD50) is 1068 Gy. In the cytotoxicity assays, the concentration of the non-observed effect (NOEC) for irradiated and non-irradiated organisms 0.0001 mg L-1 and observed effect concentration (LOEC) at concentrations above this. The IC25 (72h) for non-irradiated organisms was 0.0003 mg L-1 and IC50 (72h) was 0.0008 mg L-1 for irradiated and non-irradiated organisms. Despite of the concentrations of effect found in this study were higher than in the environment, both measurements are in the same order of magnitude and should be also take into account the possible synergistic effects of DEET with other contaminants in the aquatic environment.
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Estevam, Adriana dos Santos. "Avaliação da atividade de formulações comerciais de repelentes sobre mosquitos Aedes aegypti (Diptera - Culicidae)." Pós-Graduação em Biologia Parasitária, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/9810.

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Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of commercially used insect repellents against Aedes aegypti stings. Material and Methods: Was used method standard the World Health Organization to evaluate the sensitivity of the mosquito by estimating the total protection time (TPT) of the repellent. The test consists of application of the product and introduction of the volunteer arm into cages containing 50 female mosquitoes, aged between five and seven days. The initial product was 10% technical grade N, N diethylbenzamine (DEET) and four formulations with different concentrations of DEET, OFF Family (7,125%), Baruel (9,5%), Expert Total : 1612043 and 16144314, Super Repelex Aerosol (11%), product based on IR3535 (Repeden Spray 12%, Jonsons Baby Lotion 12.5%), and the ICARIDINE base (Exposis Extreme Tetra 25%), by the median of each product in 6 volunteers, being three men and three women. Results: The OFF Family brand (DEET 7,125%), Baruel (DEET 9,5) and analytical DEET (10%) demonstrated a median of 30 minutes, even presenting different concentrations; Super Repelex Aerosol (DEET 11%) among the products containing DEET was the one that presented a higher median, with a TPT of 90 minutes; Expert Total (DEET 15%) (1st batch) and Expert Total (DEET 15%) (2nd batch) are shown with medians equal with a time of 60 minutes; Repeden Spray (IR3535 12%) and Johnsons baby (IR3535 12.5%) presented a median TPT of 60 and 30 minutes respectively, differing only in the degree of concentration of the active principle; Exposis Extreme (25% Icaridina) presented a median of 120 minutes, showing a superiority in relation to the other products. Conclusion: The products had a complete protection time lower than the one specified in their labels, and may leave the population that use them as a control measure against several unprotected diseases, requiring a greater number of reapplications of the products.
Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia de repelentes utilizados comercialmente contra picadas de Aedes aegypti. Material e Métodos: Foi utilizado o método padrão da Organização Mundial da Saúde para avaliar a sensibilidade do mosquito através da estimativa de tempo de proteção completa (TPC) do repelente. O teste consiste na aplicação do produto e introdução do braço de voluntário em gaiolas contendo 50 mosquitos fêmeas, com idade entre cinco a sete dias. Foi avaliado inicialmente produto a base de N,N dietilbenzamina (DEET) grau técnico a 10% e quatro formulações com diferentes concentrações de DEET, OFF Family (7,125%), Baruel (9,5%), Expert Total (15%) lotes: 1612043 e 16144314, Super Repelex Aerossol (11%), produto a base de IR3535 (Repeden Spray 12%, Loção Jonsons Baby 12,5%,) e a base de ICARIDINA (Exposis Extreme Tetra 25%), e estimado o TPC pela mediana de cada produto em 6 voluntários, sendo três homens e três mulheres. Resultados: A marca OFF Family (DEET 7,125%), Baruel (DEET 9,5) e DEET analítico (10%) demostraram uma mediana de 30 minutos, mesmo apresentando diferentes concentrações; Super Repelex Aerossol (DEET a 11%), dentre os produtos contendo DEET, foi o que apresentou uma maior mediana, com TPC de 90 minutos; Expert total (DEET 15%) (1º lote) e o Expert Total (DEET 15%) (2º lote) mostram-se com medianas iguais com um tempo de 60 minutos; Repeden Spray (IR3535 12%) e Johnsons baby (IR3535 12,5%) apresentaram uma mediana com TPC de 60 e 30 minutos respectivamente, diferindo apenas no grau da concentração do princípio ativo; Exposis Extreme (Icaridina a 25%) apresentou uma mediana de 120 minutos, mostrando uma superioridade em relação aos outros produtos. Conclusão: Os produtos apresentaram tempo de proteção completa inferior a especificada em seus rótulos, podendo deixar a população que os utilizam como medida de controle contra diversas doenças desprotegida, sendo necessário maior número de reaplicações dos produtos para atingir a o período de proteção desejado.
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Books on the topic "DEET"

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Zuber-Skerritt, Ortrun. Departmental excellence in university education (DEUE): A DEET funded project in 1992 : final report. [s.l.]: University of Queensland. Tertiary Education Institute, 1993.

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Zuber-Skerritt, Ortrun. Departmental excellence in managing institutional quality (DEMIQ): A DEET funded project in 1993 : interim report. [s.l.]: University of Queensland. Tertiary Education Institute, 1993.

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Artis, Michael J. Deer hunting: Misalignment, debt accumulation and desired equilibrium exchange rates. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1993.

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A free nation deep in debt: The financial roots of democracy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006.

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A free nation deep in debt: The financial roots of democracy. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002.

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Preston-Gannon, Frann. Deep deep sea. London: Pavilion, 2014.

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Deep, deep down. [Bath]: Galaxy Plus, 2013.

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Deep, deep down. London: Simon & Schuster Children's, 2011.

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Gallman, Marika. Dent pour dent. Paris: Milady, 2012.

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ill, Zemke Deborah, ed. The deep deep puddle. New York: Dial Books for Young Readers, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "DEET"

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Hallenbeck, William H., and Kathleen M. Cunningham-Burns. "DEET." In Pesticides and Human Health, 48. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5054-8_28.

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Konstantinou, I. K., and Y. Deligiannakis. "Effect of Humic and Fulvic Acids on the Photocatalytic Degradation of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) Using TiO2 Suspensions and Simulated Solar Light." In Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment, 633–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_114.

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Jawad Siddique, Md, and Khaled R. Ahmed. "Deep Learning Technologies to Mitigate Deer-Vehicle Collisions." In Studies in Computational Intelligence, 103–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65661-4_5.

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Mathioudaki, Maria, Dimitrios Tsoukalas, Miltiadis Siavvas, and Dionysios Kehagias. "Technical Debt Forecasting Based on Deep Learning Techniques." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021, 306–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87007-2_22.

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Kuzmin, Gleb, Aleksandr I. Panov, Ivan Razvorotnev, and Vyacheslav Rezyapkin. "Application of Deep Reinforcement Learning Methods in Debt Collection." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 66–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87178-9_7.

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Webb, Stephen. "Deep sea, deep snow … deep space." In New Eyes on the Universe, 159–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2194-8_7.

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Shaw, D. John. "Debt and Debt Servicing." In Sir Hans Singer, 240–49. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403932860_23.

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Mäntysaari, Petri. "Debt." In The Law of Corporate Finance: General Principles and EU Law, 83–130. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03058-1_4.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Deep." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 198. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3356.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Dent." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 201. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_3423.

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Conference papers on the topic "DEET"

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Bonadies, Irene, Alessandra Longo, René Androsch, and Maria Laura Di Lorenzo. "Electrospun fibers of poly(l-lactic acid) containing DEET." In 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON “TIMES OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES”: From Aerospace to Nanotechnology. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5045974.

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Ferreira, Ignatius, Andreas Leuteritz, Harald Brünig, Walter Focke, and René Androsch. "Effect of DEET on the crystallinity of bicomponent poly(lactic acid) monofilaments." In FRACTURE AND DAMAGE MECHANICS: Theory, Simulation and Experiment. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0028369.

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Epstein, Howard A. "Global research and development of a non-DEET insect repellent ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.105206.

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Fan, Tongtian, Roozbeh Sadeghian, and Siamak Aram. "Deer-Vehicle Collisions Prevention using Deep Learning Techniques." In 2020 IEEE Cloud Summit. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeecloudsummit48914.2020.00021.

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Sharma, Tushar. "How Deep is the Mud: Fathoming Architecture Technical Debt Using Designite." In 2019 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Technical Debt (TechDebt). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/techdebt.2019.00018.

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Wu, Xiong-Jian, and W. G. Price. "The Behaviour of Shallow Draft Offshore Structures and Service Vessels in Deeper Water." In Development In Deep Waters. RINA, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ddw.1986.17.

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Chaudhuri, J. "Conceptual Design for Deepwater Salm-Tanker Systems." In Development In Deep Waters. RINA, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ddw.1986.02.

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Nakagima, T. "Time-Domain Simulations of Coupled Responses of the Moored Buoy and the Mooring Lines in Deep Sea." In Development In Deep Waters. RINA, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ddw.1986.12.

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Walker, S., S. Perry, and S. Sadasivan. "The Design of Deepwater Jackets: Dynamic Effects." In Development In Deep Waters. RINA, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ddw.1986.07.

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Angwin, Jane. "Result of a Joint Semi-Submersible/Submersible Wave Drift Force Project." In Development In Deep Waters. RINA, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ddw.1986.11.

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Reports on the topic "DEET"

1

Matthew DeGennaro, Matthew DeGennaro. Understanding How Mosquitoes are Repelled by DEET. Experiment, March 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/6752.

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Baynes, R. E., J. D. Brooks, A. A. Abdullahi, R. Wilkes, and J. E. Riviere. Influence of DEET and Pyridostigmine Bromide on Dermal Disposition of Permethrin. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402075.

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Roy, Michael J. Randomized, Controlled Trial of Combination Treatment With Pyridostigmine, DEET, and Teremethrin. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada446574.

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Metker, Leroy M. The Acute Toxicity of a Repellent Mixture of Deet and AI3-3722O. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada299333.

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Snodgrass, Hubert L., and John G. Harvey. The Acute Toxicity of a Mixture of the Insect Repellents Deet and AI3-3722O. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada298411.

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Amir, B. E., A. A. Abdel-Rahman, L. B. Goldstein, K. H. Jones, and A. M. Dechkovskaia. Exposure to Pyridostigmine Bromide, DEET, and Permethrin, Alone and in Combination Causes Sensorimotor Performance Deficit and Cholinergic Alterations in Rats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402077.

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Abou-Donia, M. B., and A. W. Abu-Quare. In Vitro Metabolism of Pyridostigmine Bromide (PB), DEET and Permethrin, Alone and in Combination by Human Plasma and Liver Microsomes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402080.

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Abdel-Rahman, A. A., H. B. Suliman, W. A. Khan, and M. B. Abou-Donia. Apoptosis in Testes Induced by Co-Exposure of Rats to DEET, Permethrin and Pyridostigmine Bromide Alone, and in Combination with Stress. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402078.

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Abou-Donia, M. B., W. A. Khan, H. B. Suliman, A. A. Abdel-Rahman, and K. F. Jensen. Combined Exposure to Pyridostigmine Bromide (PB), DEET, and Permethrin with Stress Increases Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Permeability and Inhibits Brain Acetycholinesterase in Rats. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402063.

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Goldstein, L. B., A. M. Dechovskaia, S. Bullman, K. H. Jones, and A. A. Abdel-Rahman. Daily Dermal Co-Exposure of Rats to DEET and Permethrin Produces Sensorimotor Deficit, and Changes in Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and Blood-Testis Barrier (BTB). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402081.

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