Relevant bibliographies by topics / Deep-seated Structures

Academic literature on the topic 'Deep-seated Structures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Deep-seated Structures"

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Barla, Giovanni. "Numerical modeling of deep-seated landslides interacting with man-made structures." Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 10, no. 6 (December 2018): 1020–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2018.08.006.

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Poddar. "Grounded-source TEM modelling of some deep-seated 3D resistivity structures." Geophysical Prospecting 47, no. 6 (November 1999): 945–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.1999.00157.x.

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Crawford, C. B., N. R. McCammon, and R. C. Butler. "Deep-seated consolidation settlements in the Fraser River delta." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-035.

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This paper describes the settlements of three heavy silo structures at two cement plants located along the south arm of the Fraser River delta. In this area, it has not been possible to obtain sufficiently undisturbed samples for reliable consolidation tests, and it has been necessary therefore to employ in situ tests and site improvement techniques such as preloading and vibrocompaction for the design of foundations. In some cases, piles were used to redistribute heavy loads. Observations during the past 35 years have shown that most of the consolidation settlement has occurred in a deep layer of marine sediments and that it is largely completed within 10 years of the loading. Key words: case record, consolidation, foundation performance, in situ tests, preloading, settlements, site improvement.
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Abdelrahman, El‐Sayed M., Hesham M. El‐Araby, Tarek M. El‐Araby, and Khalid S. Essa. "A new approach to depth determination from magnetic anomalies." GEOPHYSICS 67, no. 5 (September 2002): 1524–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1512748.

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We have developed a semiautomatic method to determine the depth to shallow and deep‐seated structures from a magnetic anomaly profile. It involves using a relationship between the depths to two coaxial sources obtained by combining observations at symmetric points with respect to the coordinate of the sources center. For five established, fixed data points, the depth to the shallow structure is determined for each preassigned depth of the deep‐seated structure. The computed depths to the shallow structure are plotted against the computed depths to the deep‐seated structure, yielding a continuous, monotonically increasing depth curve. The spacing between the observations is then modified, producing several curves. The accepted estimates for the depths to both structures are read at the common intersection of these curves. The effective intensity and the angle of magnetization of both structures are also estimated. The proposed method was tested both on noisy synthetic and real magnetic data. In the case of synthetic data, the depth curves method determined the correct depths of both coaxial and laterally offset sources. In the case of practical data (vertical component anomaly over a chromite body in the Guleman concession, Turkey), the method suggested the shape of the buried shallow structure resembles a horizontal cylinder model buried at a depth of 31 m and the shape of the buried deep seated structure resembles a dike model buried at a depth of 62 m. The estimated shape and depth of the shallow structure are in very good agreement with the results obtained from drilling and surface geology. The area appears to still hold promise for chromite exploration from the deeper structure.
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GOODIN, ROBERT E. "Structures of Mutual Obligation." Journal of Social Policy 31, no. 4 (October 2002): 579–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004727940200675x.

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‘Mutual obligation’ is a deft political slogan. Morally, it evokes deep-seated intuitions about ‘fair reciprocity’ and the ‘duty of fair play’. It seems an easy slide from those intuitions to ‘mutual obligation’ policies demanding work-for-the-dole. That slide is illegitimate, however. There are many different ways to structure mutual obligation. Workfare policies, such as the Howard government's ‘Mutual Obligation Initiative’ in Australia, pick out only one among many alternative regimes that would answer equally well to our root intuitions about ‘fair reciprocity’. Other ways of structuring mutual obligations within social welfare policy are both more standard and more desirable.
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Genshaft, Yu S., and I. P. Ilupin. "On genetic classification of chromian spinels in deep-seated rocks from continental structures." Russian Journal of Earth Sciences 4, no. 2 (March 26, 2002): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2205/2002es000086.

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Suvorov, A. I. "RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NEAR-SURFACE AND DEEP-SEATED STRUCTURES IN THE URALIAN-MONGOLIAN FOLDBELT." International Geology Review 32, no. 7 (July 1990): 645–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00206819009465806.

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Shashivadhanan, Sundaravadhanan. "Transparent Tubular Retractor in Cranial Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis." Indian Journal of Neurosurgery 09, no. 01 (December 9, 2019): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698844.

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Abstract Introduction The fourth Industrial Revolution has touched nearly all aspects of neurosurgery and the newer tubular retractor systems are a testimony to this fact. They aid in providing better visualization with minimal damage to those neural structures, which happen to be innocent bystanders overlying the path of deep-seated lesions. In addition to providing better patient outcomes they are surgeon friendly with their ergonomic design and improved stability, thereby causing minimal fatigue, and aid in procedures requiring precision and perseverance. A retrospective study conducted at a single institute analyzed the efficacy of transparent tubular retractors during cranial surgery for deep-seated lesions. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was conducted between April 2015 and July 2018 in a single institute wherein 22 patents with various deep-seated intracranial lesions were operated using the transparent tubular retractor, View Site Brain Access System (VBAS, Vycor Medical Inc.). Observation Of the 22 cases, 45% were of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage; 27% were high-grade gliomas; and the rest were colloid cyst, cystic tumors, and metastatic tumors in equal proportion. Total tumor excision was achieved in 27%, while 90% excision was achieved in 45% cases. The overall complication rate was 13%. Conclusion The transparent tubular retractors contribute to minimal invasiveness by causing uniform distribution of retraction pressure and minimal disruption of fiber tracts. Their use has a definite role in improving surgical outcomes for deep-seated intracranial lesions.
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Chigira, Masahiro, Ching-Ying Tsou, Yuki Matsushi, Narumi Hiraishi, and Makoto Matsuzawa. "Topographic precursors and geological structures of deep-seated catastrophic landslides caused by Typhoon Talas." Geomorphology 201 (November 2013): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.07.020.

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Iyer, Rajiv, and Kaisorn Chaichana. "Minimally Invasive Resection of Deep-seated High-grade Gliomas Using Tubular Retractors and Exoscopic Visualization." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 79, no. 04 (April 23, 2018): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641738.

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Background and Study Aims/Objective Deep-seated high-grade gliomas (HGGs) represent a unique surgical challenge because they reside deep to critical cortical and subcortical structures and infiltrate functional areas of the brain. Therefore, accessing and resecting these tumors can often be challenging and associated with significant morbidity. We describe the use of minimally invasive approaches to access deep-seated HGGs to achieve extensive resections while minimizing surgical morbidity. Materials and Methods All patients who underwent resection of a deep-seated intraparenchymal HGG with the use of a tubular retractor with exoscopic visualization from January 2016 to May 2017 were identified prospectively at a single institution. Variables evaluated included tumor location, pre- and postoperative neurologic function, extent of resection, and length of hospital stay. Results Overall, 14 patients underwent resection of an HGG (11 glioblastomas, 3 anaplastic astrocytomas) with a tubular retractor under exoscopic visualization. Seven tumors (50%) involved the thalamus, three (21%) the motor corticospinal tract, two (14%) the inferior frontal occipital fasciculus, one (7%) each the basal ganglia and optic pathway. The median preoperative Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) was 70 (interquartile range: 55–80), where the major presenting symptom was motor weakness in seven (50%). The average plus or minus the standard error of the mean percentage resection was 97.0 ± 1.2%. The median hospital stay was 4 days (range: 2–7). At 1 month postoperatively, median postoperative KPS (within 30 days) was 87 (range: 77–90), where eight (57%) were improved, five (36%) were stable, and one (7%) was worse postoperatively. Conclusions Deep-seated HGGs can be accessed, visualized, and resected using tubular retractors and exoscopic visualization with minimal morbidity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Deep-seated Structures"

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Lindenmaier, Falk. "Hydrology of a large unstable hillslope at Ebnit, Vorarlberg : identifying dominating processes and structures." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1742/.

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The objective of this thesis is to improve the knowledge of control mechanisms of hydrological induced mass movements. To this end, detailed hydrological process studies and physically-based hydrological modelling were applied. The study site is a hillslope in the Dornbirn Ache valley near Bregenz, Austria. This so called Heumös slope features a deep-seated translational shear zone and surface near creep movements of up to 10 cm a year. The Cretaceous marlstones of the Austrian Helveticum have a high susceptibility for weathering and might form clay-rich cohesive sediments. In addition, glacial and post-glacial processes formed an unstable hillslope. High yearly precipitation depths of about 2100 mm and rainstorms with both high intensities and precipitation depths govern surface and subsurface hydrological processes. Pressure propagation induced in hydrological active areas influences laterally the groundwater reactions of the moving mass. A complex three-dimensional subsurface pressure system is the cause for fast groundwater reactions despite low hydraulic conductivities. To understand hillslope scale variability, hydrotopes representing specific dominating processes were mapped using vegetation association distribution and soil core analysis. Detailed small-scale soil investigations followed to refine the understanding of these hydrotopes. A perceptional model was developed from the hydrotope distribution and was corroborated by these detailed investigations. The moving hillslope is dominated by surface-runoff generation. Infiltration and deep percolation of water is inhibited through clay-rich gleysols; the yearly average soil moisture is close to saturation. Steep slopes adjacent to the moving hillslope are far more active concerning infiltration, preferential flow and groundwater fluctuations. Spring discharge observations at the toe of the steep slopes are in close relation to groundwater table observations on the moving hillslope body. Evidence of pressure propagation from the steep slopes towards the hillslope body is gathered by comparison of dominating structures and processes. The application of the physically-based hydrological model CATFLOW substantiates the idea of pressure propagation as a key process for groundwater reactions and as a possible trigger for movement in the hillslope.
Diese Arbeit soll die Zusammenhänge von hydrologischen Rahmenbedingungen und Massenbewegungen besser erforschen, damit in Zukunft verbesserte Vorhersagen des Versagenszeitpunktes möglich werden. Das Untersuchungsgebiet besteht aus einem ca. 2 km langen und 500 m breiten Hang mit einem maximalen Höhenunterschied von ca. 400 m. Das dort vorkommende Festgestein besteht im Wesentlichen aus Mergelstein. Die vergangenen Eiszeiten haben dieses Gestein überarbeitet und Grundmoränenablagerungen auf dem Hang zurückgelassen. Diese wurden in den letzen 10.000 Jahren von Hangschutt, der aus den benachbarten Steilhängen stammt, überlagert. Der Hangschutt ist sehr verwitterungsanfällig, die Kalkkristalle lösen sich und wandeln den Hangschutt in lehmiges Material. Bewegungsmessungen an der Oberfläche zeigen, dass sich der Hang mit ca. 10 cm im Jahr talabwärts bewegt. Diese Bewegungen werden sehr wahrscheinlich durch kleine ruckartige Ereignisse in ca. 8 m Tiefe ausgelöst. Ziel der Untersuchungen war, den Wasserhaushalt des Hanges so gut wie möglich zu erfassen und mit Computermodellen abzubilden. Dabei spielt die Heterogenität der pedologischen Eigenschaften einen wesentliche Rolle, als Eingangsparameter für die Modelle. Grundwasserstandsmessungen in 5,5 m Tiefe auf dem Hang zeigen schnelle Reaktionen des Grundwasserspiegels nach Niederschlagsereignissen. Das Wasser dieser Ereignisse kann aber aufgrund des Lehms, der nur eine geringe Wasserdurchlässigkeit für Wasser besitzt, nicht in den tieferen Untergrund gelangen, sondern fließt fast vollständig an der Oberfläche ab. Dahingegen führt ein schnelles Versickern von Wasser in an den Hang anschließenden Steilhängen zu einem schnellen Grundwasseranstieg, der aufgrund eines gespannten Grundwasserleiters den Druck in die Hangrutschung weitergibt. Dort wird ein Überdruck aufgebaut, der sehr wahrscheinlich die Bewegungen auslöst. Die vorliegende Arbeit ist eine detaillierte Herangehensweise um Erkenntnisse aus der Hyrologie für die Bestimmung des Wasserhaushaltes von Massenbewegungen heranzuziehen.
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Zhao, Siyuan. "Geological structural control on landslide and gravitational slope deformation in response to fluvial incision along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, China." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242615.

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Boucher, Rodney. "Influence of deep-seated structure on hydrocarbon accumulations in the Cooper and Eromanga Basins." 2005. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/46687.

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The primary objective of this study is to provide a greater understanding of the tectonic evolution of the Warburton, Cooper, Eromanga and Lake Eyre Basins in central Australia. However, this study additionally attempts to provide a greater understanding of lineaments. This study compares lineament data with a traditional tectonic analysis in order to evaluate lineaments and to best understand the tectonic evolution of the region.
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Cailleau, Béatrice [Verfasser]. "Structural analysis of Alba Patera, Mars : from deep seated to shallow events / vorgelegt von Béatrice Cailleau." 2002. http://d-nb.info/971934894/34.

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Books on the topic "Deep-seated Structures"

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The Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle: Structure, DynaMic Processes, and Their Relation to Deep-Seated Geological Phenomena. American Geophysical Union, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Deep-seated Structures"

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Jishun, Ren, Jiang Chunfa, Zhang Zhengkun, and Qin Deyu. "Deep Fractures and Deep-Seated Structures in China." In Geotectonic Evolution of China, 126–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61574-0_5.

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Lerch, K. D., N. Nemati, E. Kohmura, K. Holl, and M. Samii. "Local Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements in the Deep Seated Brain Structures." In Surgery in and around the Brain Stem and the Third Ventricle, 200–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71240-1_21.

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Bunkholt, Halvor, Tim Redfield, Per Terje Osmundsen, Thierry Oppikofer, Reginald L. Hermanns, and John Dehls. "The Role of Inherited Structures in Deep Seated Slope Failures in Kåfjorden, Norway." In Landslide Science and Practice, 265–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31325-7_35.

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Giordan, Daniele, Martina Cignetti, and Davide Bertolo. "The Use of Morpho-Structural Domains for the Characterization of Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations in Valle d’Aosta." In Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides, 59–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53483-1_9.

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Celluzzi, E., A. Graziani, and A. Lembo-Fazio. "Analysis of a deep-seated slope movement in a marly-arenaceous formation." In Rock Engineering and Rock Mechanics: Structures in and on Rock Masses, 1273–78. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16955-220.

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Elliott, Catherine I., Ingrid Campbell, E. B. Joyce, and C. J. Wilson. "Australian Continental-Scale Lineaments: Evidence of Reactivation of Deep-Seated Structures and Economic Implications." In Proceedings of the 30th International Geological Congress Beijing, China, 4–14 August 1996, 161–70. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003079545-16.

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Meurig Thomas, John. "Lawrence Bragg and Linus Pauling: Comparisons and Rivalries." In Architects of Structural Biology, 135–49. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854500.003.0007.

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W. L. Bragg and L. C. Pauling were among the most famous scientists in the world for much of the twentieth century. Each was a Nobel Laureate, and each was admired, not only for their fundamental achievements in X-ray crystallography, but also as exemplary popularizers of science. In the fields of mineralogy (especially the structure of silicates) and protein structures, their interests overlapped. They admired their respective technical virtuosities, but there was deep-seated rivalry between them. It irked Bragg that Pauling had formulated simple stereochemical rules to account for the multiplicity of structures exhibited by vast numbers of silicates, and also that Pauling had proposed the existence of the alpha-helix and pleated sheets as motifs in the structure of proteins like keratin. The details of their rivalry, bordering on envy, is described through specific examples.
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"orogen(et)ic deep-seated structure." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 946. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_151084.

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"deep(-seated) orogen(et)ic structure." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 345. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_40687.

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Ladyga, Zuzanna. "Cessation and inaction externe: Gertrude Stein and Marcel Duchamp." In The Labour of Laziness in Twentieth-Century American Literature, 147–67. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474442923.003.0004.

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The chapter focuses on modernist fascination with vitality and movement to show how this “vitalocentric” tendency is matched by a cultural countercurrent of the aesthetics of cessation. The chapter uses Raymond Williams’s concept of emergent cultural value, the chapter examines modernist art and literary manifestos and essays, their deep-seated distrust towards all signs of what Filippo Marinetti called lethargy, a distrust coupled with a special privileging of vitality-as-animation. As far as the classical interpretations of modernism go, it was this valorization of vibrant vitality over lethargic inactivity that provided necessary fuel for the modernist rebellious claims to uniqueness. The chapter challenges the vitalocentric interpretation of modernism and focuses on previously unacknowledged counter-vitalist impulses within the modernist project. Such impulses can be traced in Gertrude Stein’s philosophy of art, generally considered as one of the pillars of early 20th century vitalocentrism. While apparently consistent with vitalist sensibility, Stein’s ideas -- when read through the lens of Marcel Duchamp’s concept of inaction externe and Giorgio Agamben’s notions of impotency and inoperativity-- go beyond the modernist sensibility and capture in an embryonic form the structures of feeling traditionally associated with modernism’s successor, postmodernism.
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Conference papers on the topic "Deep-seated Structures"

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Liu, Ruonan, Ruqiang Yan, Meng Ma, and Xuefeng Chen. "Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Early Disk Crack Diagnosis Under Variable Speed." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87247.

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Aero engine is essentially the heart of an airplane. However, the high temperature and high pressure working environment of the aero engine can easily lead to fatigue cracks in turbine disks, and result in serious accidents. Therefore, early disk crack diagnosis is very important to guarantee safe flight of the airplane and reduce its maintenance cost, which, however, is challenging due to the difficulty in building a complex physical model under variable operating speeds. To tackle this problem, a novel deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based method is proposed for early disk crack diagnosis. CNN, as one of the deep learning structures, can learn deep-seated features directly and automatically from the raw data without the need of physical model or prior knowledge. It shows the potential to deal with the challenge of early disk crack diagnosis. Since the proposed diagnosis method is signal-level, the collected vibration signals can be input into the CNN architecture directly without the need of feature extractor. In this paper, the vibration signals at both the beginning and the end of the test are used for training the CNN model, then the rest signals are input into the trained model as test data to diagnose when the incipient disk crack is generated. Experimental study conducted on the fatigue test of a real turbine disk has proved the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method for early disk crack diagnosis. Meanwhile, comparison study with some state-of-the-art methods is also performed, and further highlights the superiority of the proposed method.
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Reichard, James S., R. Kelly Vance, Jacque L. Kelly, and Brian K. Meyer. "DEEP-SEATED STRUCTURAL CONTROLS AND SALTWATER INTRUSION ON ST. CATHERINES ISLAND, GEORGIA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-335627.

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Gupta, Pooja, Amit Pandey, Kaushal Vairagi, Umesh Tiwari, and Samir K. Mondal. "Application of Bessel beam from deep seated negative axicon in optical coherence tomography of tissue structure." In Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XXIII, edited by Joseph A. Izatt and James G. Fujimoto. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2506901.

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Mikhaylov, Sergey Petrovich, and Anastasia Andreevna Shtyrlyaeva. "Consideration of the Influence of Carbonate Cement on the Accuracy of Prediction of Well Start-Up Flow Rates in Deep Reservoirs of the West Siberian Oil and Gas Basin on the Example of Reservoir U1 Formation." In SPE Symposium: Petrophysics XXI. Core, Well Logging, and Well Testing. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208422-ms.

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Abstract Oil reservoirs are often affected by tectonic processes throughout their lifetime. Tectonic processes contribute to the impact on the formation of a number of mechanical and chemical factors. These factors change the composition and structure of the reservoir and this affects the reservoir properties of the reservoir. Deep-seated reservoirs experience a longer and more intense impact of tectonic processes. A more detailed study of the composition and properties of reservoirs for an accurate forecast of reservoir properties and their productivity potential is due to this. Standard log interpretation methods have been developed based on shallow strata. These methods do not allow taking into account secondary changes in the reservoir and make the calculations of the starting flow rates of wells reliable. J1 stratum West Wing on Nizhnevartovsky set is a prime example of this.
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Cavers, Drummond S., and Edward A. McClarty. "Use of Surface Pipeline Segments to Mitigate Slide Problems on the Fort Nelson Natural Gas Mainline." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2019.

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Skid mounted surface pipelines have been used to cross four major creek valleys on the Westcoast Energy 762 mm Fort Nelson mainline where very large deep-seated slides are progressively failing. The surface pipeline segments range up to 2.2 km long and were used to cross very large slides on the creek approach slopes, or in one case, down valley sliding of the valley floor, which had resulted in major operational problems for the originally buried pipelines. The surface pipeline segments were used for slides where there were no other options for a conventional buried pipeline. During the studies to support the design of the surface pipelines, comprehensive geotechnical investigations included drilling, installation of slope indicators, and electric piezocone penetrometer testing to monitor subsurface pore water pressures and to detect deep seated slide surfaces. Typical peak movement rates of the slides varied to a maximum of several meters per year. The unstable soils were predominantly medium to high plastic silty clay tills and high plastic glaciolacustrine clays with residual internal angles of friction of 7.5 to 8.5°. The pipelines were placed on pressure treated timber skids on graded rights-of-ways (RoW) with comprehensive surface and subsurface water control. Aerial clear span crossings were used across the watercourses with geogrid reinforced abutments on the unstable soil. Geogrids were also used to add stability to structural fills and to reinforce an area of the RoW subject to encroachment from a rapidly moving earth flow up to 6 m deep. The general maintenance and operational guidelines are also discussed. Provincial and Federal regulatory concerns and their abatement are presented and discussed. Over the past five years of operation of the pipelines, one of the slopes moved 1.5 m in a twenty-four hour period and related total movements left a 5 m high head scarp on the RoW. Displacement of soil and areas of thrusting resulted in unsupported pipe spans of 35 m with negligible deleterious impact on the pipeline. This magnitude of movement would have almost certainly caused a failure of the original buried line. All of slopes have continued to move and would have caused a varying magnitude of operational problems had the pipelines still been buried.
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Sen, Millan, John Richmond, Aaron Dinovitzer, and Abdelfettah Fredj. "Multi Tiered Approach to Slope Movement Management: Case Study." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90628.

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A major slope in southern Manitoba is currently experiencing deep seated movements of approximately 60mm per year. This 20m high × 70m long slope contains a pipeline right of way with five large diameter crude oil lines that were constructed from 1950–1998. It is estimated that the slope has moved over 3 meters since the pipeline installations. Management of the effects of this slope movement on the pipelines has involved cross-functional strategies that include geotechnical, integrity, and stress evaluations. The slope is assessed annually by a geotechnical engineer, and the most likely cause for the slope movements has been determined. Slope monitoring equipment has been installed at key locations and is monitored at frequent intervals. A toe berm has been installed to prevent lower slope failure at the creek bed that is located at the slope toe. A finite element stress analysis, which considers the interaction between the soil movement and pipeline, has been generated. This stress analysis evaluated the pipeline stresses due to the slope movements to date, and also due to a possible sudden mass movement. The results are backed up by a bending strain analysis based on inertial in-line inspection data was conducted for several of the lines. This paper presents an overview of the engineering assessment considering structural, material, geotechnical and operational concerns involved in developing an integrity management action plan.
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Holliday, Chris, Andy Young, Terri Funk, and Carrie Murray. "The North Saskatchewan River Valley Landslide: Slope and Pipeline Condition Monitoring." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9532.

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Abstract Following a loss of containment incident in July 2016 on a 16-inch diameter pipeline on the south slope of the North Saskatchewan River located in Saskatchewan, Canada, Husky completed extensive studies to understand and learn from the failure. The cause of the incident was ground movement resulting from a landslide complex on the slope involving two deep-seated compound basal shear slides as well as a near surface translational slide in heavily over consolidated marine clays of the Upper Cretaceous Lea Park Formation. One aspect of the studies has been to undertake structural analysis of the pipeline response to the loading imposed from the ground movement to minimize the potential for a similar occurrence from happening in the future and determine the integrity of the pipeline at the time of the assessment. Given the scale and complexity of the landslide, slope stabilization measures were not practical to implement, so repeat ILI using caliper and inertial measurement technology (IMU), in addition to a robust monitoring program was implemented. Realtime monitoring of ground movements, pipe strain and precipitation levels provided a monitoring and early-warning system combined with documented risk thresholds that identified when to proactively shut-in the pipeline. The methodology and findings of the slope monitoring and structural analysis that was undertaken to examine the robustness of the pipeline to withstand future landslide movement are presented herein. The work involved modelling of the pipeline history on the slope including loads that had accumulated in the original pipeline sections based on historical ILI results and slope monitoring. The pipeline orientation was parallel with the ground movement in the landslide complex, so the development of axial strain in the pipeline was the dominant load component, which are particularly damaging in the compression zone. The work provided recommendations and technical basis to continue safe operation of the pipeline with consideration of continuing ground movement and assisted the operator with decisions over the long-term strategy for the pipeline.
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