Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Deep Eutetic Solvent'
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Miyazaki, Gabrielly. "Modeling solvent selection for biorefinery application." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLM067.
In the context of biorefineries, selecting an appropriate solvent is crucial for sustainable and economically viable separation processes. A comprehensive approach integrating criteria like Life Cycle Assessment , toxicity analysis, energy-efficient solvent regeneration, minimal solvent losses, and high selectivity is required. However, the choice becomes challenging when considering Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) due to a lack of comprehensive experimental data, particularly regarding critical thermodynamic and physical properties like phase equilibrium, density, viscosity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, solubility, and more. To bridge this gap, this research proposes generating essential experimental data (such as density, viscosity, and phase equilibrium properties) to optimize theoretical models. Moreover, this work proposes a solvent screening approach based on modeling thermodynamic properties using the (COnductor-like Screening MOdel segment activity coefficient (COSMO-SAC) model. The study aims to enhance the COSMO-SAC model by investigating computational variables, establishing a PSL sigma-profile database, and refining predictions through enthalpic, entropic, and intermolecular contributions. Despite encountering challenges in accurately predicting activity coefficients at infinite dilution (IDAC) for DES systems, an optimization approach significantly reduces deviations, offering a promising route for precise solvent selection in biorefinery processes
Al-Murshedi, Azhar Yaseen Muhi. "Deep eutectic solvent-water mixtures." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42799.
Saleem, Saima. "Electropolishing in deep eutectic solvents." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28577.
Al-Bassam, Ahmed Z. Mohamed Hussein. "Mineral processing using deep eutectic solvents." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42876.
de, la Fuente Revenga Mario. "Enzyme Catalysis in Deep Eutectic Solvents." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kemi - BMC, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-235131.
Ola, Pius Dore. "Solvent extraction and liquid membrane containing ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for metal separation." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13097323/?lang=0, 2018. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13097323/?lang=0.
Klein, Jeffrey M. "Electrode-Electrolyte and Solvent-Solute Interfaces of Concentrated Electrolytes: Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1620213066452923.
MELI, Alessandro. "DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS E LIQUIDI IONICI: SOLVENTI PER LO SVILUPPO DI PROCESSI ECO-COMPATIBILI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/395244.
Ros, Ñíguez Diego. "Deep Eutectic Solvents: platform for asymmetric catalysis." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/99567.
Davis, Stefan John. "Deep eutectic solvents derived from inorganic salts." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/37784.
Alhaji, Abubakr Ibrahim. "Electrodeposition of alloys from deep eutectic solvents." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10773.
Zaleski, Christopher John. "Electrochemical concentration gradients in deep eutectic solvents." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32232.
Obst, Martin [Verfasser], and Burkhard [Akademischer Betreuer] König. "Solvent-Free Visible-Light Photocatalysis and Synthesis in Deep-Eutectic Solvents / Martin Obst ; Betreuer: Burkhard König." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1185758119/34.
Al-Barzinjy, Azeez Abdullah Azeez. "Electrodeposition of chromium using novel deep eutectic solvents." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/38111.
Harris, Robert Christopher. "Physical properties of alcohol based deep eutectic solvents." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4560.
Barron, John Christopher. "The electrochemistry of Zn in deep eutectic solvents." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7916.
Azam, Muhammad. "The electrochemistry of Ag in deep eutectic solvents." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/10912.
Marset, Xavier. "Deep Eutectic Solvents: À la Carte Solvents for Cross-Coupling Reactions." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/95790.
El, ttaib Khalid. "The electrodeposition of composite materials using deep eutectic solvents." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9505.
Omar, Amhamed Assanosi. "Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in novel deep eutectic solvents." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7964/.
Ahmed, Essa Ismaeil. "Type III Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESS) as base lubricants." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/33465.
Bryant, Saffron Jade. "Compartmentalisation and Membrane Activity in Protic Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16654.
Lo, Yi-Ting. "Synthesis and Characterization of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) with Multifunctional Building Blocks." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1559598953036721.
Squire, Henry John. "Characterization of Solvents for Electrochemical Energy Storage: Deep Eutectic Solvents and Ionic Liquids." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1588604567117736.
Tavares, Daniel José Pinho. "Extraction of 6-gingerol from ginger using deep-eutectic solvents." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21224.
O gengibre é uma planta que tem atraído um interesse crescente tanto no sector alimentar como farmacêutico devido às suas propriedades medicinais. Como planta medicinal, é uma das mais antigas e populares do mundo. As suas propriedades terapêuticas advêm dos compostos bioativos presentes na sua composição, entre os mais importantes destacam-se os compostos fenólicos, nomeadamente o 6-shogaol e o 6-gingerol. Estes compostos despertam um grande interesse na comunidade científica devido ao seu poder antioxidante e anti-tumoral. Os processos convencionais de extração destes compostos requerem o uso de solventes orgânicos, no entanto, nos últimos anos tem-se intensificado a procura por solventes alternativos com maior capacidade de solvatação, eficientes e economicamente viáveis. Os solventes eutécticos profundos (DES) são uma classe de solventes novos, de baixo custo e de origem natural, baseados em percursores renováveis que apresentam baixa toxicidade, podendo ser catalogados como solventes amigos do ambiente. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foca-se na obtenção de um extrato rico em compostos bioativos (nomeadamente 6-gingerol) a partir do gengibre utilizando DES como solventes de extração com possibilidade de recuperação do extrato e reciclagem dos DES, criando assim um processo sustentável. Para atingir este objetivo, foram estudadas as solubilidades de dois compostos fenólicos modelo, nomeadamente os ácidos siríngico e ferúlico em DES (puros e em solução aquosa), por forma a avaliar os DES mais promissores na solubilização dos compostos bioativos, assim como, as condições de extração. Entre as várias combinações entre doadores (ácidos orgânicos, polióis, açúcares e ureia) e aceitadores (ureia, cloreto de colina, betaína e prolina) de pontes de hidrogénio, o DES ácido propiónico:ureia foi o que apresentou melhores resultados. Com base nestes resultados e recorrendo a metodologias de superfície de resposta, foram avaliados e otimizados diversos parâmetros de extração do 6-gingerol usando soluções aquosas de DES. Simultaneamente, efetuaram-se extrações convencionais como controlo, seguido da identificação e quantificação do 6-gingerol presente nos extratos usando a cromatografia líquida de alta resolução (HPLC). A metodologia de extração do 6-gingerol a partir do gengibre usando os DES como solventes alternativos demonstrou ser mais seletiva, capaz de extrair mais 60 % de 6-gingerol quando comparado com os métodos de extração convencionais. Além disso, foi possível recuperar um extrato sólido rico a partir da solução de DES utilizando uma extração em fase sólida (SPE). Por fim, a caracterização dos extratos foi complementada com a análise da atividade antioxidante, usando o radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH). Os resultados indicam que os extratos obtidos a partir da metodologia proposta neste trabalho apresenta maior atividade antioxidante que os extratos obtidos com métodos de extração convencionais.
Ginger is a plant that has attracted the attention from both the food and pharmaceutical sectors due to its medicinal properties. As a medicinal plant, it is one of the oldest and most popular in the world. Its therapeutic properties arise from the bioactive compounds it contains, among which stand the phenolic compounds, and in particular 6-shogaol and 6- gingerol. These compounds aroused great interest in the scientific community due to its antioxidant and antitumoral properties. The conventional extraction methods of these compounds require the use of organic solvents, however, in recent years, there has been an intensified search for alternative solvents with higher solvation capacity, efficient and cheap. Deep-eutectic solvents (DES) are a new class of solvents, of low cost and natural origin, based on renewable precursors that have a low toxicity and can be categorized as environmentally friendly solvents. The goal of this work focuses on obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds (namely 6-gingerol) from ginger using DES as extraction solvents, and to evaluate the possibility of recycling of DES, thus creating a sustainable process. For that purpose the solubility of two phenolic model compounds, namely syringic and ferulic acids, were studied in DES (neat and in aqueous solution) in order to identify the most promising DES for the bioactive compound solubilisation, as well as the best extraction conditions. Between the several combinations amongst hydrogen bond donors (organic acids, polyols, sugars and urea) and hydrogen bond acceptors (urea, choline chloride, betaine and proline), propionic acid:urea revealed to have the best results. Based on these results and using the surface response methodology, several extraction parameters of ginger extraction using aqueous solutions of DES were optimized. Simultaneously, conventional extraction assays were carried for comparison, followed by the identification and quantification of 6- gingerol present in extracts by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Once optimized the different parameters of extraction it was possible to achieve an efficient methodology capable to enhance the 6- gingerol extraction in 60% when compared with the conventional extraction methodology. Besides, an extract was successfully recovered from the DES extract solution using solid-phase extraction (SPE). The extract characterization was complemented with the analysis of the antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH). Results show that the extracts obtained with the methodology proposed in this work present a higher antioxidant activity than those obtained with conventional extraction techniques.
Al-Esary, Hasan Fisal Namaa. "Influence of additives on electrodeposition of metals from deep eutectic solvents." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/40869.
Kellat, Libby Nicole. "Model Chemistry Study Of Choline And Urea Based Deep Eutectic Solvents." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1545074963407735.
Maugeri, Zaira [Verfasser]. "Deep eutectit solvents : properties and biocatalytic applications / Zaira Maugeri." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076067964/34.
Phillips, Justin. "Dextrin nanocomposites and deep eutectic solvents as matrices for solid dosage forms." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81724.
Dissertation (MEng (Chemical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2019.
PAMSA
Department of Science and Innovation under Grant DST/CON 0004/2019
Chemical Engineering
MEng (Chemical Engineering)
Unrestricted
Iwanow, Melanie [Verfasser], and Burkhard [Akademischer Betreuer] König. "Supported Metal Catalyst Preparation using Deep Eutectic Solvents / Melanie Iwanow ; Betreuer: Burkhard König." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215905971/34.
Pätzold, Magdalena [Verfasser]. "Evaluation of deep eutectic solvents as alternative reaction media in biocatalysis / Magdalena Pätzold." Hamburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1222589087/34.
Mourad, Mahmoud Mahmoud. "Application des solvants eutectiques à basse température pour la valorisation du cuivre par sonoélectrochimie." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2022.
The copper is actually an essential element in the industrial world; its consumption and purchase continue to growth because of its major component of printed circuits board and the electronics equipment. It's recycled from the electronic waste; this is the only way to avoid shortage risk. If the copper is easily recycled in aqueous solution, the commercial baths currently in use (cyanide and acid solution) present important environmental risk during their use and their treatments. Several research orientate to a new electrolytes from an ionic liquid, which offer an alternative ecologically viable to the actual solution. In this study we were interested in a recent class of ionic liquid, the eutectic solvent in a low temperature so called Deep eutectic solvent (DES). In fact the DES presents an easy use because there are less sensitive to the water and has a compatible cost for the industrial application in a large scale. If the characteristics physico-chemicals of DES (conductivity, solubilisation of a metallic salt, electrochemical window...) are satisfied to consider the copper recovery, the major inconvenient of these solvent are their higher viscosities which lead to an important reduce of the electrodeposition kinetics and in consequent for lesser efficient process. To avoid this problem the use of ultrasound is a solution to consider. The ultrasound is known to be an effective stirring method to promote mass transport to the electrode and thus the rate of recovery in the DES. It has also an advantage for the metal dissolution. In the first time, our studies were about the characterization of physic-chemical and electrochemical properties of three DES. After this preliminary studies, the mixture of choline chloride (ChCI) and ethylene glycol (EG) appears to be the most appropriate because the whole physic-chemical and electrochemical proprieties will make an electrolyte solution adapted to the recovery of the copper. The second part of this thesis consist of the electrochemical study of the reduction of ions copper (I) and (II) in a Deep Eutectic Solvent (ChCl+EG). To complete this part a comparison with the obtained results in aqueous solvent (Ha 0,01 M) is performed. The mechanism reduction of Cu (II) seems to be in two steps within the DES, but an important modification of the kinetic parameters of these two steps has been seen. During the chemical dissolution of the copper chip in the DES, in addition we discovered that this solvent allowed to stabilize a soluble form Cu(I), which present a considerable advantage in term of Faradic yield for next stage of redeposition. Finally we have determined the kinetic parameters of reaction when we combine an ultrasonic stirring and an increase of the temperature. Rising the temperature at 50c, which allowed reducing the viscosity of the solution, will make more efficient the ultrasonic stirring and the measured coefficient of mass transport are optimum. This study has also allowed us to determine the best experiments conditions elaboration coating of copper and its recovery. To respond to these requirements of global process of copper recovery, we have proceeded in dissolution of metal copper experiments within the DES using the ultrasound to accelerate this step. The leaching of the copper intervenes by corrosion mechanism kinetically limited by the diffusion of the oxidant in the solution, which is accelerated by the ultrasound. In this part of the copper electrodeposition, the deposits elaborated under ultrasound present a thin morphology with a decrease of the grain size. Finally the first recovery experiments, made in a pilot reactor, have been done. The use of ultrasound (20 kHz) permitted to reduce the electrolysis time of 30% to a recovery rate of 90 %
Moufawad, Tarek. "Développement de nouveaux solvants de lavage pour l'absorption des Composés Organiques Volatils." Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0534.
The aim of this thesis was to develop new solvents for the absorption of volatile organic compounds (VOC). VOC are primary air pollutants generally used as solvents and emitted directly from industries. They have adverse health effects and some of them are classified as carcinogenic. Consequently, the reduction of the emissions of these pollutants remains a major challenge to reduce air pollution. Hence, our objective was to evaluate deep eutectic solvants (DES) as absorbents for VOCs. DESs represent a new generation of solvents that is formed by simply mixing two or more compounds. They can be produced from cheap, natural and biodegradable compounds. The preparation of these solvents is easy and is 100% atom efficient. This work was divided into three parts.The first part focused on the physicochemical properties of DES, such as density and viscosity. Analysis of the infrared spectra of DES and their pure compounds showed that hydrogen bonds are essential for the formation of DES. Their polarity was studied using the Nile red probe. In addition, solubility of various gases (CO₂, CH₄ and Ar) was measured as a function of temperature. The second part dealt with the evaluation of the aborsption capacity of DESs using static headspace coupled with gas chromatography. The determination of gas/liquid partition coefficient was performed for various VOC and DES at different temperatures. In addition, the influence of VOC mixtures on DES absorption capacities was determined. DES showed high absorption capacities for a variety of VOCs, without saturation even at high concentration. A new DES-cyclodextrin system was developed and showed improved absorption capacities due to the complexation ability of the cyclodextrin. The last part was oriented towards the industrial application of DESs. The absorption capacities of DESs were evaluated using a dynamic set-up which simulated an industrial absorption column. This set-up allows the modulation of the VOC flow rate, water content and column temperature. Finally, the regeneration of the absorbent was carried out by several absorption/desorption cycles without loss of absorption capacity. In conclusion, the overall results showed that DES have characteristics that allow them to be considered as promising solvents for VOC absorption
Fullarton, Claire. "Working towards a new sustainable rechargeable battery : zinc, conducting polymer and deep eutectic solvent system." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31863.
Östlund, Erik. "Impact of Water on Recycling Lithium Ion Battery Cathode Material in a Deep Eutectic Solvent." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Strukturkemi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417814.
Khaire, Shraddha. "Development of cleaning procedures of copper corrosion products by using “green” deep eutectic solvents." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28982.
Zamil, Raya. "Recycling Cathode of Lithium-Ion Battery by Using Deep Eutectic Solvents to Extract Cobalt." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-173089.
Stuttle, Christopher. "The electrodeposition of tin coatings from deep eutectic solvents and their subsequent whisker growth." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17961.
Forrest, Gregory Charles Hereward. "Electrochemistry and galvanic deposition of group 10 & 11 transition metals using deep eutectic solvents." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/32337.
Torres, Palacio Paulo Cesar. "Síntesis, propiedades, caracterización y aplicaciones químicas de novedosos disolventes eutécticos profundos: DES (Deep Eutectic Solvents)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673075.
Las mezclas de bajo punto de fusión o mezclas eutécticas denominadas DES por sus siglas en inglés (Deep Eutectic Solvents), son básicamente mezclas preparadas a partir de compuestos aceptores de puentes de hidrógeno llamados HBA, (generalmente sales de amonio cuaternarias) y donantes de puentes de hidrógeno de diferente naturaleza (HBD), por ejemplo, alcoholes, ácidos, aminas y carbohidratos; que forman sistemas que contienen una amplia variedad de especies catiónicas y/o aniónicas regidas por interacciones, principalmente de puentes de hidrógeno, que presentan una baja energía de enlace que causan los bajos puntos de fusión que estas presentan. Precisamente, esta es una de las características importantes a la hora de emplear los diferentes tipos de DES, dependiendo del tipo de reacción y/o proceso sintético. Por ejemplo, estos disolventes eutécticos han sido ampliamente utilizados y estudiados en procesos de extracción de biomasa, síntesis de polímeros, catálisis, electroquímica, síntesis de nanopartículas, entre otros. En el presente trabajo se presenta la preparación de diferentes novedosos disolventes eutécticos de base biológica, a partir de glicerol (Gly). Este glicerol fue obtenido mediante la hidrólisis y trans-esterificación de grasas animales no comestibles, y luego empleado para sintetizar el alcohol 3-cloro-1,2-propanodiol, que es el precursor del compuesto racémico de interés: el cloruro de rac-2,3-dihidroxipropiltrietilamonio: [Et3N+CH2CH(OH)CH2OH]Cl-, [C9H22N+O2]Cl- o (DPTAC). Dicho compuesto se sintetizó empleando el cloroalcohol obtenido, trietilamina y metanol. El compuesto (DPTAC) que inicialmente fue obtenido en forma de mezcla racémica, fue transformado en un compuesto enantiomericamente enriquecido mediante un proceso de acetilación quimioenzimática y de acetilación directa empleando acetato de isopropileno, con el fin enriquecer enantiomericamente este compuesto racémico. Además, se obtuvo el cloruro de S-(-)-2,3-dihidroxipropiltrietilamonio (S)-(-)-(DPTAC), partiendo del alcohol precursor ópticamente puro. Estas sales fueron acetiladas directamente con anhídrido acético y empleadas como componente HBA, en presencia de tres compuestos de base biológica: glicerol (Gly), ácido láctico (LA) y urea que actuaron como compuesto HBD en la formación de cada una de las mezclas eutécticas (DES). Además, el etilenglicol (EG) fue también utilizado para formar otro DES concreto. Es importante tener en cuenta que, el diseño de estos disolventes se realizó empleando la estrategia de “diseño modular” para que cada DES contenga un HBA de naturaleza y propiedades diferentes. En este trabajo es presentado el estudio de las propiedades físicas (viscosidad, densidad, relación estequiométrica, entre otras) de cada DES. Posteriormente, se estudió su empleo como disolventes en diferentes procesos químicos; donde, los DES preparados fueron utilizados como disolventes en el proceso de fraccionamiento y extracción de material ligno-celulósico en diferentes muestras de biomasa de madera dura como son: el orujo de oliva, y la poda de ramas (de tipo leñoso) de árboles frutales. Los resultados mostraron la obtención de lignina tipo Klasson y de fracciones ricas en holocelulosa utilizando cada uno de los DES. Asimismo, los DES preparados fueron utilizados para estudiar su influencia sobre la formación de los aductos endo:exo, en reacciones típicas de ciclación [4π+2π] tipo Diels-Alder, entre el ciclopentadieno con acrilato de etilo y acrilato de butilo. Por otra parte, con base en los requerimientos del proceso, fueron seleccionados los DES adecuados para ser utilizados como medios de reacción, en la obtención de alcoholes quirales secundarios mediante la reducción de cetonas pro-quirales en presencia de NaBH4. La riqueza enantiomérica de los alcoholes producidos se estudió empleando un reactivo de derivatización quiral (reactivo de Mosher). De esta manera se estudió la configuración absoluta del alcohol: 1-feniletanol (12) (obtenido como producto de la reacción anterior).
Low melting mixtures or Deep eutectic mixtures called DES (Deep Eutectic Solvents) are prepared from hydrogen bond acceptors called HBA, (usually a quaternary ammonium salt), and different hydrogen bond donors (HBD) for example alcohols, acid amines, and carbohydrates; form systems that contain a wide variety of cationic and/or anionic species governed by hydrogen bonding interactions that present low binding energy, causing their low melting points. This is one of the important characteristics when using the different types of DES, in terms of the type of reaction and/or synthetic process; for example, these eutectic solvents have been widely used and studied in biomass extraction processes, polymer synthesis, catalysis, electrochemistry, nanoparticle synthesis, among others. This work presents the preparation of several novel bio-based eutectic solvents from glycerol (Gly), which was obtained by hydrolysis and trans-esterification of inedible animal fats and then used to synthesize alcohol 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol, which is the precursor of the racemic compound: rac-2,3-dihydroxypropyltriethylammonium chloride: [Et3N+CH2CH(OH)CH2OH]Cl- (DPTAC). This compound was synthesized using the mentioned chloro-alcohol, triethylamine, and methanol. Compound (DPTAC) that was initially obtained as a racemic mixture, was transformed into an enantiomerically enriched compound employing chemoenzymatic acetylation and direct acetylation process using isopropylene acetate to separate the racemic mixture. Similarly, S-(-)-2,3-dihydroxypropyltriethylammonium chloride was obtained starting from the optically pure precursor alcohol. All these salts were acetylated directly with acetic anhydride. All of them were used as HBA to prepare different eutectic mixtures (DES). Thus, three bio-based compounds were used: glycerol (Gly), lactic acid (LA), and urea as HBD to form each of the mixtures. Finally, ethylene glycol (7) was also used to form a specific DES. It is important to note that the design of these solvents was carried out using the strategy of "modular design" in which each DES contains an HBA of different nature and properties. Initially, the study of the physical properties (viscosity, density, stoichiometric ratio, among others) of each DES is presented. Subsequently, their use as solvents in different chemical processes is also studied, the DES prepared were used as solvents in the process of fractionation and extraction of lignocellulosic material in different samples of hardwood biomass, such as olive pomace, and pruning of branches (woody type) of fruit trees. Results showed the obtaining of Klasson-type lignin and fractions rich in holocellulose using each of the DES. DES prepared were used to study their influence on the formation of endo: exo adducts, in a typical [4π + 2π] Diels-Alder type cyclization reactions, between cyclopentadiene with ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate. On the other hand, based on the process requirements, suitable DES were selected to be used as reaction media to obtain chiral secondary alcohols by reducing pro-chiral ketones in the presence of NaBH4. The enantiomeric richness of the alcohols produced was studied using a chiral derivatization reagent (Mosher's reagent). In this way, the absolute configuration of the alcohol was studied: 1-phenylethanol (12) (obtained as a product of the previous reaction). In addition, preliminary tests were carried out to assess the possibility of recycling the DES obtained. For this reason, the initial DES prepared between the racemic compound (DPTAC) with the four HBD compounds were fractionated using a strong cation exchange resin to verify the ease with which they are separable; besides, being reusable and recyclable. Conditions that a solvent must meet to be considered within the “Green Solvents” category. Taking into account that the starting materials for the formation of eutectic mixtures are almost entirely bio-based compounds. All the precursor compounds and DES prepared were characterized by FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy techniques; the racemic compound was analyzed by mass spectrometry; the proportion between the adducts formed in the Diels – Alder reactions was studied using GC-FID gas chromatography (230 ° C and 270 ° C); Optical activity and specific angle of rotation were measured on enantiomerically enriched and optically pure compounds. Finally, the separation of each DES, carried out using cation exchange columns and followed by FT-IR and 1H RMN.
Ismail, Hani Khalil. "Novel battery chemistries using electrically conducting polymers synthesised from deep eutectic solvents and aqueous solutions." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/39875.
Boisset, Aurelien. "Electrolytes pour supercondensateurs asymétriques à base de MnO2." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4038/document.
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the performances of asymmetric supercapacitors based on manganese dioxide (birnessite) and activated carbon electrode materials using various electrolytes. From this work, it appears that neutral aqueous electrolytes containing inorganic salts have the best electrochemical performances. Furthermore, the nature and the structure of both ions (cations and anions) in solution seem to impact strongly the electrochemical performances of the supercapacitors, as well as, the MnO2’s structure stability and affinity. In the case of aqueous-based electrolyte, a device degradation mechanism has been proposed as a function of salt ions structure and nature to further understand the supercapacitor’s life-cycling when a large potential window is applied. Some novel synthesis ways and/or modifications were investigated to further improve the electrochemical properties of MnO2 material. Additionaly, original non-aqueous electrolytes has been also formulated and then characterized, particularly the ‘Deep Eutectic’ Solvents, based on the N-methylacetamide mixed with a lithium salt. However, these electrolytes don’t have a good affinity with manganese oxide-based materials. Interestingly, these Deep Eutectic Solvents show good cycling results with activated carbon. In fact, these electrolytes seem to be promising for high temperature energy storage applications, especially using activated carbon or insertion electrode material like the lithium ferrophosphate
El, Achkar Tracy. "Deep eutectic solvents : characterization, interaction with synthetic and biological membranes, and solubilization of bioactive volatile compounds." Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0562.
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) recently emerged as a novel class of green solvents with a high potential to replace common organic solvents. Despite their novelty, DES were extensively explored in the past years owing to their remarkably interesting properties. Yet, a lot remains to be uncovered given the limitless number of possible DES and their versatility. The current sudy aimed to examine the effect of DES on liposomes, adopted as model membranes, and on cell membranes. It also sought to evaluate the solubilizing ability of DES toward bbioactive volatile compounds. Therefore, a group of selected DES along with new solvents were first prepared and characterized. Density, viscosity and polarity measurements were mainly carried out and showed that DES' properties can be tuned depending on their composition. The organization of phospholipids and liposomes within the DES was then investigated using optical- and atomical force microscopies. Phospholipids self-assembled into vesicles in choline chloride-based DES while liposomes converted to lipid bilayers before their reconstitution into vesicles. Moreover, cytotoxicity studies and morphological examinations were combined to evaluate the impact of some DES on MDA-MB-231, a human breast cancer cell line. Results showed that the effect is highly dependent on the DES' composition. On the other hand, the solubilizing ability of the DES toward bioactive volatile compounds was tested using static headspace-gas chromatography. The influence of the presence of water and some encapsulation systems such as liposomes and cyclodextrins on the overall DES' solubilization efficiency was further analyzed. At last, the release of trans-anethole from the DES was monitored via multiple headspace extraction. DES were able to greatly solubilize the bioactive volatile compounds and to control their release when compared with water. Altogether, this work highlights the potential use of the DES-based systems as solubilization vehicles for bioactive compounds
Fischer, Veronika [Verfasser], and Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Kunz. "Properties and applications of deep eutectic solvents and low-melting mixtures / Veronika Fischer. Betreuer: Werner Kunz." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1070996343/34.
Gomez, Rojas Omar. "The role of ionic liquids/deep eutectic solvents in sol-gel syntheses of complex metal oxides." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/1bdfc5d9-edc9-4378-9b68-07df2a463430.
McCune, Jade Alexis. "Functionalisation of cucurbit[n]uril and exploring deep eutectic solvents as a medium for supramolecular chemistry." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/278225.
Qi, Letian, and Lihong Fu. "Effects of Choline Chloride, Urea and Their Deep Eutectic Solvents on the Modification of Leather - 155." Verein für Gerberei-Chemie und -Technik e. V, 2019. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34305.
Xing, Sujie. "Environmentally friendly baths for Cu-Sn co-electrodeposition: cyanide-free aqueous bath and deep eutectic solvents." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367615.
Xing, Sujie. "Environmentally friendly baths for Cu-Sn co-electrodeposition: cyanide-free aqueous bath and deep eutectic solvents." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2014. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/1326/1/Xing-thesis.pdf.
Wang, Jing. "Electrodeposition and characterisation of nickel-niobium-based diffusion barrier metallisations for high temperature electronics interconnections." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/20590.