Relevant bibliographies by topics / Deep-cycle lead acid batteries

Academic literature on the topic 'Deep-cycle lead acid batteries'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Deep-cycle lead acid batteries"

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Mayer, G. "BCI cycle life testing procedures for deep-cycle lead-acid batteries." Journal of Power Sources 17, no. 1-3 (January 1986): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(86)80028-3.

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Lu, Jun Min, and Xiao Kan Wang. "The Improving Measures Research on the Cycle Life of Lead-Acid Batteries for Electric Vehicles." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.119.

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By describing the main affecting factors of the small electric vehicles cycle life for the lead-acid batteries,then studying the main technical measures that how to improve the deep cycle performance of the batteries to prolong its life.When the methods of the combination of grid alloys ,mixing paste and curing process parameters control, the selection of the negative organic additives and the sets mode of the positive and negative plates were used,the battery performance and the cycle life greatly improved and the failure rate decreased.
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Mrha, J., K. Micka, J. Jindra, and M. Musilová. "Oxygen cycle in sealed leadacid batteries." Journal of Power Sources 27, no. 2 (August 1989): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(89)80125-9.

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Buynosov, Alexander Petrovich, Mikhail Gelievich Durandin, and Oleg Ivanovich Tutynin. "Increase of life cycle of storage batteries used on technical means of railway transport by protection from deep discharge." Transport of the Urals, no. 2 (2022): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/1815-9400-2022-2-92-96.

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Modernization of old types of energy storages leads to appearance of new more reliable, efficient and energy-intensive storage devices. But at the same time, they become more complicated and more expensive. That is why maintenance and increase of life cycle for traditional and technologically simple batteries is still actual problem. The paper considers reasons of quick failure one of the most widely spread types of storage batteries used in railway and motor transport - lead-acid batteries. The paper presents consequences of such dangerous phenomenon as sulphation of electrodes arising due to deep discharge of a battery. The authors have revealed additional factors that lead to sulphation. As a result, the authors suggest a principal protection circuit from a critically low charge of batteries on the basis of simple electric devices - a contactor, a relay, a switch and diodes.
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Liu, Van Tsai, and Jhih Rong Chen. "Balancing for Lead-Acid Batteries of Electric Motorcycles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.491.

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For high-power applications such as electric motorcycles, batteries in series to provide the required voltage is fairly common. The 48V is 12V connected four cells in series for lead-acid batteries of electric motorcycles. After charging and discharging of lead-acid batteries several times, the voltages are often imbalance. Without proper protection, may cause an excessive discharge of lead-acid batteries for early damage. Therefore, lead-acid battery module requires a simple balance circuit to improve battery life in order to avoid over-voltage or under-voltage condition occurs. Energy balance circuit to improve lead-acid battery module matching problems, make the safety and cycle life of lead-acid batteries to improve. This research intends to complete balanced circuit design of lead-acid batteries.
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Chen, Chun Ming, Hung Wei Hsieh, Yu Lin Juan, Tsair Rong Chen, and Peng Lai Chen. "Automatic Battery Testing Platform for Series-Connected Lead Acid Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 1014 (July 2014): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1014.220.

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In this paper, an automatic testing platform was developed. A complete charging and discharging cycle for the series-connected lead-acid batteries is carried out by the testing platform to record the capacity, charging efficiency, and other relative data of the batteries. A microcontroller unit (MCU) is used to replace the common DAQ card for cost reduction. The voltage and current of the batteries are sampled by the MCU and saved by the software LabVIEW on the personal computer. The charging and discharging procedures are automatically switched by the software LabVIEW according to the state of the batteries. A complete testing data can be provided by the LabVIEW at the end of the testing cycle. New and old battery modules are both tested with the proposed platform and another reliable testing system to evaluate the validity of the proposed system.
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Hu, Hai-Yan, Ning Xie, Chen Wang, Fan Wu, Ming Pan, Hua-Fei Li, Ping Wu, et al. "Enhancing the Performance of Motive Power Lead-Acid Batteries by High Surface Area Carbon Black Additives." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010186.

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The effects of carbon black specific surface area and morphology were investigated by characterizing four different carbon black additives and then evaluating the effect of adding them to the negative electrode of valve-regulated lead–acid batteries for electric bikes. Low-temperature performance, larger current discharge performance, charge acceptance, cycle life and water loss of the batteries with carbon black were studied. The results show that the addition of high-performance carbon black to the negative plate of lead–acid batteries has an important effect on the cycle performance at 100% depth-of-discharge conditions and the cycle life is 86.9% longer than that of the control batteries. The excellent performance of the batteries can be attributed to the high surface area carbon black effectively inhibiting the sulfation of the negative plate surface and improving the charge acceptance of the batteries.
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Kim, I., S. H. Oh, and H. Y. Kang. "Accelerated cycle-life testing of small sealed lead/acid batteries." Journal of Power Sources 38, no. 1-2 (March 1992): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(92)80104-j.

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Yang, Shaoqiang, Ruhong Li, Xianyu Cai, Kuiwang Xue, Baofeng Yang, Xinguo Hu, and Changsong Dai. "Enhanced cycle performance and lifetime estimation of lead-acid batteries." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 11 (2018): 8900–8904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nj00542g.

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Strebe, J., B. Reichman, B. Mahato, and K. R. Bullock. "Improved gelled-electrolyte lead/acid batteries for deep-discharge applications." Journal of Power Sources 31, no. 1-4 (May 1990): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(90)80052-f.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Deep-cycle lead acid batteries"

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Yudhistira, Ryutaka. "Comparative life cycle assessment of different lithium-ion battery chemistries and lead-acid batteries for grid storage application." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300116.

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With the rapid increase of renewable energy in the electricity grids, the need for energy storage continues to grow. One of the technologies that are gaining interest for utility-scale energy storage is lithium-ion battery energy storage systems. However, their environmental impact is inevitably put into question against lead-acid battery storage systems. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) to contrast the environmental impact of utilizing lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries for stationary applications, specifically grid storage. The main tools in this study include Microsoft Excel for the life cycle inventory and OpenLCA for life cycle modelling and sensitivity analysis. In this research, a cradle-to-grave LCA for three lithium-ion battery chemistries (i.e. lithium iron phosphate, nickel cobalt manganese, and nickel cobalt aluminium) is conducted. The impact categories are aligned with the Environmental Footprint impact assessment methodology described by the European Commission. The standby grid operation scenario is considered for estimating the environmental impacts, where the batteries would deliver 4,800 kWh of electric energy throughout 20 years. Consequently, the functional unit will be in per kWh energy delivered. The lead-acid battery system has the following environmental impact values (in per kWh energy delivered): 2 kg CO2-eq. for climate change, 33 MJ for fossil resource use, 0.02 mol H+-eq. for acidification, 10-7 disease incidence for particulate emission, and 8x10-4 kg Sb-eq. for minerals resource use. Going back to the lithium-ion batteries systems, for the climate change and fossil resource use impact categories, the best performer is found to be the nickel cobalt aluminium (NCA) lithium-ion battery, with 46% and 45% less impact than lead-acid for the respective categories. On the other hand, the nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) was the best for the acidification and particulate emission impact categories with respective 65% and 51% better performance compared to lead-acid batteries. Finally, for the minerals and metals resource use category, the lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP) is estimated to be the best performer, which is 94% less than lead-acid. To conclude, the life cycle stage determined to have the largest contribution for most of the impact categories was the use stage, which then becomes the subject to a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis was done by varying the renewable contribution of the electricity grids in the use phase. Overall, the lithium-ion batteries systems have less environmental impact than lead-acid batteries systems, for the observed impact categories. The findings of this thesis can be used as a reference to decide whether to replace lead-acid batteries with lithium-ion batteries for grid energy storage from an environmental impact perspective.
Med den snabba ökningen av förnybar energi i elnäten, fortsätter behovet av energilagring att växa. En av de tekniker som växer intresse för energilagring på nyttan är litiumjon batteriets energilagringssystem. Emellertid, deras miljöpåverkan ifrågasätts oundvikligen mot blysyrabatteri lagringssystem. Därför syftar denna studie till att göra en komparativ livscykelanalys (LCA) för att komparera miljöpåverkan av att använda litiumjonbatterier och blybatterier för stationära applikationer, särskilt för nätlagring. I denna forskning genomfördes en vagga-till-grav-LCA (eller cradle-to-grave i engelska) för tre litiumjonbatterikemi (litium järn fosfat, nickel kobolt mangan, och nickel cobalt aluminium). Effektkategorier anpassades till miljökonsekvensbedömning metoden som beskrivs av Europeiska kommissionen. Det användningsfall scenariot för batterierna var standby läget, där batterierna leverera 4800 kWh elektrisk energi för 20 år. Följaktligen den funktionella unit är i ‘per kWh levererad energi’. Blysyrabatteriet hade följande ungefärliga miljöpåverkansvärden (i per kWh levererad energi): 2 kg CO2-eq. för climate change, 33 MJ för fossil resource use, 0.02 mol H+-eq. för acidification, 10-7 disease incidence för particulate emission, and 8x10-4 kg Sb-eq. för minerals resource use. Tillbaka till litiumjonbatterierna, för climate change och fossil resource use resursanvändnings kategorier, den bäst presterande var litiumjonbatteriet nickel kobolt aluminium (NCA). Det hade 46% och 45% mindre påverkan än blysyrabatteriet för respektive kategori. Å andra sidan, var nickel mangan kobolt (NMC) bäst för acidifcation och particulate emission kategorier. De är 65% och 51% bättre än blysyra för kategorierna. Slutligen, litium järn fosfat batteriet (LFP) är det bäst presterande för resource use of minerals and metals kategoriet, vilket det är 94% mindre än blysyra. Avslutningsvis, det livscykelstadier som var bestämt att ha det största bidraget för de flesta av påverkningskategorierna är användningsstadiet, som sedan blir föremål för en känslighetsanalys. I slutändan, litiumjonbatterierna ha mindre miljöpåverkan än blybatterier i detta projekt, för de observerade slagkategorierna. Resultaten av denna avhandling kan sedan användas som referens för att avgöra om bly-syrabatterier ska ersättas med litiumjonbatterier för energilagring ur ett miljöeffektperspektiv.
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Nguyen, Van Hao. "The effect of active mass thickness on the cycle life of low-antimony lead-alloy spine employed in deep-cycle batteries." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/103975.

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The cycle life of conventional starting-lighting-ignition (SLI) lead-acid batteries with low-antimony lead-alloy grids is reduced when subjected to repetitive deep-discharge cycling. Reduced cycle life is caused by the rich layer of lead sulfate formed in the corrosion layer interface (Barrett et al. 1981; Chang & Valeriote 1985). However, the cycle life of the tubular traction lead-acid batteries containing low-antimony lead-alloy grids is unknown when subjected to identical conditions. Preliminary forensic analysis of a tubular traction cell subjected to similar conditions at Pacific Marine Batteries (PMB) indicates the reduced cycle life was caused primarily by corrosion of the positive grids which may have caused by stress created by the increased in the corrosion volume produced during cycling. Rogatchev, Papazov and Pavlov (1983) and Garche (1995) demonstrated that with increased in thickness of the active mass in tubular-plate formation of the corrosion product is reduced, hence reduce internal stress. Alternatively, Garche (1995) suggested the stress corrosion may be reduced by the partial compensation of the thickness of the active mass. Likewise, Chang and Valeriote (1985) recommended that low-antimony lead-alloy grids may be more suitable to be used in the design of tubular grids for deep-discharge cycling. They believed easy pathway for the acid to reach the grid surface was the main cause for the rich layer of lead sulfate to form. Therefore, further research is needed to provide insights into, and understanding of, the implication of the preliminary forensic analysis, hence help to extend the cycle life of the batteries. Cells were assembled with a tubular positive electrode and one flat negative plate. Low-antimony lead alloys spines ~ 2.0 wt.% Sb with a diameter of ~3 mm was used. The independent variable studied was the effect of 1.60 mm, 2.15 mm and 2.80 mm active mass thickness on cycle life of the positive spines subjected to repetitive deep-discharge cycling. Cross-sections of cycled electrodes at different stages during cycling were examined for mode of failure using electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), secondary electron microscopy (SEM) images and iTEM5 image analysis software. Average cell performance of cycled tubular electrode under 20 h discharge rates for various active mass thicknesses indicated the capacity was not exhibit sign of rapid reduced capacity. Back-scattered electron images and quantitative electron microprobe analysis were used to investigate the elemental distribution of sulfur (S present as sulfate) in the corrosion layer interface have provided no evidence of rich layer of lead sulfate formation in the corrosion layer. The results from the residual cross-sectional areas indicated that corrosion failure result from stresses was the primary cause of the positive spine of low-antimony lead-alloy tubular-plate traction batteries subjected to repetitive discharge cycling. The effect of the active mass thickness on positive grid corrosion (cycle life) was inconclusive due inconsistent data when subjected to repetitive deep-discharging cycling.
Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Chemical Engineering, 2015.
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Spanos, Constantine. "Investigating the efficacy of inverse-charging of lead-acid battery electrodes for cycle life and specific energy improvement." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8PC371H.

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Although competitive today, traditional PbA (<1500 cycles) and advanced lead-acid batteries (ALAB) (>4000 cycles) will not be able to compete with lithium and flow batteries by 2020. To compete with novel zinc, lithium and flow batteries, the PbA chemistry needs to achieve significant performance improvements, primarily through sustainable increases to specific energy (Wh/kg), while not negatively impacting cycle life. Inverse charging has been examined for its potential in improving PbA cycle life as a battery maintenance procedure, and as a potential technique for improving electrode specific capacity (mAh/kg) during battery manufacturing and formation. A thorough levelized cost of energy (LCOE) shows that for traditional PbA batteries with cycle lives <2000, inverse charging as a maintenance strategy (to increase cycle life) improves battery economics. Inverse charging to increase cycle life for ALAB systems (>4000 cycle life) was proven to worsen battery economics, as additional costs of capital and maintenance fail to outweigh savings achieved through reductions in replacement cost. On the other hand, inverse charging employed as a manufacturing practice to increase specific energy dramatically reduces the cost of the PbA and ALAB systems, ensuring future cost competitiveness. Inverse charging as a maintenance strategy should be restricted to devices with <2000 cycles and to projects with long project lives (20 years) that require frequent replacement. Inverse charging as a manufacturing strategy (to increase specific energy) is highly preferable in all instances. When successful, inverse charging increases the specific capacity and active material utilization of studied battery electrodes significantly. Successful inverse charging of battery electrodes and pure lead rods show improvements in discharge capacities over a range of discharge rates with negligible impact to coulombic and energy efficiency values. The extent of success, however, depends on several important variables. Thorough examination of inverse charging on Pb rods and porous battery electrodes illustrates the importance of the degree of prior electrode sulfation and obstruction of transport of H₂SO₄. Other important factors include the composition of electrode grid alloys, the peak oxidation voltage applied to the negative electrode during inverse charging, initial particle sizes, and electrolyte additives. Significant challenges to inverse charging exist. For heavily sulfated batteries and lead metals, impeded electrolyte transport results in excessive internal pore pH increases, creating semipermeable membranes through an electrode hydration mechanism, resulting in dramatic inverse charging failure. Additionally, impedance, voltage, x-ray and BET data hint that post-inverse charging, agglomeration of finely divided Pb and PbSO₄ particles occurs, coupled with negative electrode conductive pathway destruction. As such, the influence of expander materials and nucleation additives should be investigated to better prevent sulfation failure, and to better control the nucleation and growth of lead and lead sulfate structures during inverse charging. Cycle life studies on flooded lead antimony batteries subjected to periodic inverse charging illustrate that inverse charging is highly successful on all batteries independent of states-of-health. Batteries with poor states-of-health (discharge capacities <15% of initial values) experienced almost perfect discharge capacity restoration post-inverse charging. Traditional methods of extending cycle life (i.e. prolonged overcharging techniques) were demonstrated to be inadequate at appreciably regenerating battery capacities, providing only marginal increases. The benefits of inverse charging, however, are met with significant challenges to battery redesign. Temporary antimony poisoning effects lead to declines in round-trip-efficiency for batteries with antimony-based positive plates. Tin dissolution results in diminished grid to active material conductivity and reduced capacity for batteries with tin-based positives. For the negative electrode, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and x-ray measurements indicate that although large PbSO₄ crystals are oxidized during inverse charging, creating extensive micropore networks during conversion from Pb to PbO₂, surface area and capacity gains are lost during reconversion back to sponge lead due to uncontrolled nucleation and particle fusion. Additionally, active material shedding of the positive and negative electrodes is observed to spike during and after inverse charging. Negative electrode active material suffers excessive degradation and loss of cohesion, particularly for electrodes with small initial particle feature sizes, resulting in a loss of structure upon completion of the technique. Positive electrode composition changes to weakly interconnected b-PbO₂, dramatically increasing electrode capacity while simultaneously accelerating electrode failure through shedding. Loss of particle cohesion in both electrodes promotes excessive shedding and sludging, creating intra-cellular short-circuits. In addition, inverse charging aggravates grid growth, promoting inter-cellular short-circuiting by creating pathways for cell-to-cell electrolyte contact upon seal destruction in current monoblock designs.
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Book chapters on the topic "Deep-cycle lead acid batteries"

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Culpin, B. "SECONDARY BATTERIES – LEAD– ACID SYSTEMS | Valve-Regulated Batteries: Oxygen Cycle." In Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, 705–14. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044452745-5.00140-4.

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Wiehagen, Joseph, Margaret Casacca, and William Berg. "TESTS ON DEEP-DISCHARGE LEAD ACID BATTERIES FOR PV SYSTEMS." In 1991 Solar World Congress, 105–10. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-041696-0.50026-7.

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Trinca, Decio. "Near Future Submarine: Development of a Combined Air Independent and Lithium Battery Propulsion System (AI-LiB Propulsion System)." In Progress in Marine Science and Technology. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/pmst220060.

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Submarines are vehicles where efficiency plays a key role in energy management: conventional submarines, with a diesel engine to recharge the batteries, rely on full electric propulsion. The search for better performance in terms of efficiency and energy storage capacity, has led the World Navies with submarines, to develop alternatives to the classic lead-acid batteries. The decision of the Italian Navy Submarine Flotilla to engineer the development of a LiB propulsion system aims to provide its submarines with greater autonomy and more installed energy. Integrating this innovative technology into the new Near Future Submarine project, according to a design “space constraint” driven, involves the rethink of various critical aspects: starting from the choice of the manufacturing chemistry throughout the on board integration process, the risk assessment, the management of the entire life cycle, the spaces and weights distribution, the auxiliaries systems, involving also operational procedures for missions and the logistic supportability of the submarine in the home base and abroad, including details as maintenance at sea of LiB cells in reduced spaces. In addition, this type of technology perfectly integrates with the NFS Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) system based on fuel cells: due to twenty years of operation use of the AIP Submarines, the ITN Submarine Flotilla has developed extremely specialized know how and mature skills on the production, storage, transportation, and consumption of hydrogen as modern energy carrier. Future submarines powertrain will be like a grid and each energy source will be optimized to minimize the fuel consumption at the maximum efficiency. The achieved results will be an incentive for further R&D also in the space sector, where lithium and hydrogen have coexisted for decades in spacecraft energy storage; once again, a strong technological correlation between submarine and spacecraft has been identified, confirming the similarities between the two.
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Conference papers on the topic "Deep-cycle lead acid batteries"

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Kaho Yabuta, Takashi Matsushita, and Tomonobu Tsujikawa. "Examination of the cycle life of valve regulated lead acid batteries." In INTELEC 07 - 29th International Telecommunications Energy Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intlec.2007.4448746.

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Sahruddin, Nursyaheera, and Asmarashid Ponniran. "Life Cycle Assessment And Performances of Revived Industrial Lead-Acid Batteries Through Regeneration Technology : Regeneration Technology." In Conference on Faculty Electric and Electronic 2020/1. Penerbit UTHM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30880/eeee.2020.01.01.009.

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The growing amount of battery production will produce more substances which increase the number of harmful chemicals to the environment such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sulfur dioxide. Since most Malaysians are thrown their old batteries away and replace with new batteries. The recycled batteries and revived batteries are ways to reduce the number of batteries being disposed of. Hence this study aims to determine the carbon footprint and performances of revived industrial lead-acid batteries through regeneration technology. In this study, life cycle assessment is used as a method to assess environmental impacts on which carbon footprint associated with all the stages of a batteries' life through the regeneration technology. The three processes involved in regeneration technology which charging process, discharging process, and regeneration process to evaluated the voltage, capacity, and specific gravity. From the results, the revived industrial lead-acid batteries through regeneration technology are 199.91 kgCO2-eq of a carbon footprint than recycled batteries and the discharge time of 6 batteries are increased from 3 hours 55 minutes to 5 hours after using the regeneration technology. Thus, it is confirmed the revived industrial lead-acid batteries through regeneration technology are to be used preferably in reducing the disposed of batteries.
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Ortega-Sanchez, Cesar, Jaime Orozco-Valera, Jojutla Pacheco-Arteaga, and Alejandro Rivera-Garci´a. "Monitoring and Charge-Control of Lead-Acid Batteries in Photovoltaic Applications." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65134.

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Accurate charge-control and state-of-charge monitoring of lead-acid batteries is an ever-increasing necessity in an industry that demands low-maintenance costs and highly available systems. If the batteries are charged by photovoltaic panels and are installed in remote sites (e.g. Oil sea-platforms, highway emergency bays, autonomous communications systems) and exposed to aggressive environmental conditions (e.g. Extreme temperature, high humidity), the problem of extending the batteries’ useful life becomes a challenge. Most charging algorithms do not perform well when photovoltaic panels are the sole source of energy because energy availability is not guaranteed. A charge algorithm that maximizes the use of energy generated by the panel during daylight hours is needed. This paper presents a microcontroller-based charge-controller suitable for photovoltaic applications. The controller performs temperature compensation on the charge algorithm. It also stores those parameters that provide an indication on batteries’ state-of-charge and state-of-health: Panel voltage, battery’s voltage and current, current demanded by a load and room temperature. The controller has serial communication capabilities that make possible the connection to a personal computer or central station. By using a local industrial network or radio links, multiple controllers can be monitored by a central station running a battery management program. The information collected by all the controllers in the system is analyzed to determine the state-of-charge of individual batteries and, if required, command the appropriate controller to perform special procedures like, for example, thorough diagnostics or equalization. Preliminary field-test results of a controller installed in a high-way emergency bay are presented in this paper. It is shown that protection against deep discharges is achieved, which contributes to extend the battery useful life.
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Munoz-Carpio, Vicente D., Jerry Mason, Ismail Celik, Francisco Elizalde-Blancas, and Alejandro Alatorre-Ordaz. "Numerical and Experimental Study of Lead-Acid Battery." In ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2016-7475.

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Lead-Acid battery was the earliest secondary battery to be developed. It is the battery that is most widely used in applications ranging from automotive to industrial storage. Nowadays it is often used to store energy from renewable energy sources. There is a growing interest to continue using Lead-Acid batteries in the energy systems due to the recyclability and the manufacturing infrastructure which is already in place. Due to this rising interest, there is also a need to improve the efficiency and extend the life cycle of Lead-Acid batteries. To achieve these objectives, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the physics taking place within individual batteries. A physics based computational model can be used to simulate the mechanisms of the battery accurately and describe all the processes that are happening inside; including the interactions between the battery elements, based upon the physical processes that the model takes into account. In the present paper, we present a discharge/charge experimental study that has been carried out with small Lead-Acid batteries (with a capacity of 7 Ah). The experiments were performed with a constant current rate of 0.1C [A]1 for two different battery arrangements. An in-house zero dimensional model was developed to perform simulations of Lead-Acid batteries under different operating conditions. A validation analysis of the model was executed to confirm the accuracy of the results obtained by the model compared to the aforementioned experiments. Additional simulations of the battery were carried out under different current rates and geometry modifications in order to study how the performance of the battery may change under these conditions.
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Wang, Yacan, Jing Yu, Xinfei Zhao, Tao Lu, Jie Du, and Xiaoyan Huang. "Research on the Life Cycle Analysis of the Reverse Supply Chain of the Lead Acid Batteries." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5518110.

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Gruenstern, Robert G., and M. Eric Taylor. "High Temperature Application Accelerated Cycle Life Test for 12 Volt Lead-Acid SLI Automotive Storage Batteries." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-0637.

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Blank, Tobias, Julia Badeda, Julia Kowal, and Dirk Uwe Sauer. "Deep discharge behavior of lead-acid batteries and modeling of stationary battery energy storage systems." In INTELEC 2012 - 2012 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference. IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/intlec.2012.6374527.

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Doty, Glenn N., David L. McCree, and F. David Doty. "Projections of Levelized Cost Benefit of Grid-Scale Energy Storage Options." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90377.

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The levelized costs of delivered energy from the leading technologies for grid-scale energy storage are calculated using a model that considers likely number of cycles per year, application-specific expected lifetime, discount rate, duty cycle, and likely trends in the markets. The expected capital costs of the various options evaluated — pumped hydrostorage, underground pumped hydrostorage (UPHS), hydrogen fuel cells, carbon-lead-acid batteries, advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES), lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, flywheels, sodium sulfur batteries, ultra capacitors, and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) — are based on recent installation cost data to the extent possible. The marginal value of the delivered stored energy is analyzed using recent grid-energy prices from regions of high wind-energy penetration. Grid-scale energy storage is expected to lead to significant reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions only in regions where the off-peak energy is very clean. These areas will be characterized by a high level of wind energy with cheap off-peak and peak prices. At the expected price differentials, the only conventional options expected to be commercially viable in most cases are hydro storage, especially via dam up-rating, and UPHS. The market value of energy storage for short periods of time (under a few hours) is expected to be minimal for grid-scale purposes. Only low-cost daily storage is easily justified both from an economic and environmental perspective.
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9

Brown, Kenneth C. "A Remote Area Power Supply Using Wind Power and Cold Thermal Storage." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31249.

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Abstract:
A remote area power supply using cold thermal storage and wind as the energy source is proposed. The primary objective is to provide a renewable energy remote area power supply with cheaper and more robust storage than lead-acid batteries. The proposal amalgamates a vapour compression refrigeration system with a Rankine cycle engine, both using the same working fluid. A tank of freezing brine acts as the condenser in the Rankine cycle and as the evaporator in the refrigeration cycle but also provides the “energy storage”. Analysis of the system indicates that it is practical and that its performance is comparable with existing battery based systems.
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10

Steele, I. M., J. J. Pluth, and J. W. Richardson. "Evolution of /spl beta/-PbO/sub 2/ crystal structure with cycle life during rapid and conventional charging of lead acid batteries using neutron diffraction." In Fourteenth Annual Battery Conference on Applications and Advances. Proceedings of the Conference (Cat. No.99TH8371). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bcaa.1999.795990.

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Reports on the topic "Deep-cycle lead acid batteries"

1

Hutchinson, Ronda. Temperature effects on sealed lead acid batteries and charging techniques to prolong cycle life. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/975252.

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