Journal articles: 'Deep cultivation'

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Gorbachiov, I. V., and V. M. Labukh. "A modernized cultivator-ridger." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 80, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65833.

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An experimental cultivator equipped with working organs for deep tillage and ridge formation during the potato cultivation was under study. Findings of investigation are given. Suggested cultivator ensures the decrease of soil density and the improvement of soil structure.

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Serbov, Valeriy, and Valentyna Motronenko. "Analysis of Mechanical Factors at Deep Cultivation." Innovative Biosystems and Bioengineering 3, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/ibb.2019.3.1.146895.

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Kelly, D. J., and A. J. Dubé. "Management of rhizoctonia bare patch in the South Australian mallee using a modified direct drilling system, deep-banded urea, and sowing time in relation to the break in the season." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 1 (2000): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99020.

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Tillage experiments in the South Australian mallee, over 8 years (1990–97), have demonstrated that cultivation directly below the seed at sowing controls rhizoctonia bare patch as effectively as 1 or 2 cultivations prior to sowing. When combined with a short chemical fallow and the use of press-wheels, this modified direct drilling technique can yield as well as, or better than, conventional farming systems. The combination of modified direct drilling and deep-banded urea increases the control of the disease in the first 2 weeks after the break in the season. In the first 2 weeks after the break, deep banding urea at sowing is more likely to increase yield, than modified direct drilling with urea broadcast at tillering, when both treatments are compared with standard direct drilling. In a reduced tillage system, a cultivation 6–11 days after the break in the season may be more effective in reducing bare patch than a cultivation at other times after the break.

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Lym, Rodney G., and Calvin G. Messersmith. "Fall Cultivation and Fertilization to Reduce Winterhardiness of Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)." Weed Science 41, no. 3 (September 1993): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500052164.

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Reduced-tillage practices have allowed leafy spurge to infest cropland. The reduction in leafy spurge infestation and winterhardiness by fall tillage, N application, or herbicide treatment was evaluated. Cultivating leafy spurge twice each fall for 3 yr provided complete control. Cultivation followed by N application at 225 kg ha−1reduced the stand by 85% after 3 yr, whereas N applied alone had little effect. Picloram plus 2,4-D at 0.6 plus 1 kg ha−1reduced the infestation to 65% of the untreated control after 2 yr but then the infestation declined rapidly to 1% after a third application. Leafy spurge cold tolerance decreased as root depth increased. The GR50and LT50, the temperatures required to reduce total dry weight and survival, respectively, by 50% varied by root depth and treatment. For example, the LT50and GR50for untreated leafy spurge averaged −19 and < −20 C for crowns, respectively, compared to the −16 and −18 C for roots from 0 to 15 cm deep and −13 and −12.5 C for roots from 15 to 30 cm deep. The GR50and LT50temperature after 2 yr of treatment was reduced to 0 C by two cultivations in fall or picloram plus 2,4-D. Carbohydrate content was not a good indicator of winterhardiness. Cultivation reduced the leafy spurge root system faster than herbicide treatment especially at the 15- to 30-cm depth.

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Lorenz, Rainer, and Hans Peter Molitoris. "Cultivation of fungi under simulated deep sea conditions." Mycological Research 101, no. 11 (November 1997): 1355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095375629700405x.

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Zhang, Zenghu, Yanhong Wu, and Xiao-Hua Zhang. "Cultivation of microbes from the deep-sea environments." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 155 (September 2018): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.07.008.

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Epifantsev, V. V., A. N. Panasyuk, Ya A. Osipov, and Yu A. Vaytekhovich. "The effect of soil deepening on soybean yield by using various sowing machines." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 50, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-1-2.

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The inﬂuence of agricultural methods and soil and climatic conditions on soybean cultivation in the southern regions of the Amur Region was researched. Schemes of two-factor experiments to study the effectiveness of deepening the arable layer of soil during crop cultivation in 2014–2016 included the following options. Factor A – tillage: autumn – disk plowing or cultivation; spring disk plowing or cultivation; summer – inter-row cultivation with or without para-plowing. The options were combined in different ways, whereby the option of soil tillage with a disc harrow in autumn and spring was taken as control. Factor B: sowing with seeders SZ-5.4 and SP-3.6 L with row spacing (options – 15, 45 and 60 cm) with various tillage systems. In 2017–2018 experiments were carried out according to the following schemes. Factor A – tillage: in autumn tillage depth at 0.12 m with a disc harrower PM-8; in spring, before sowing – at 0.10 m (cultivator Case Tiger Mate 225 – control); autumn – tillage depth at 0.28 m (cultivator Lemken Karat 9/400); spring, before sowing – at 0.10 m (Case Tiger Mate 225). Factor B – seeding units included Amazon DMC 9000 (control); Amazon DMC 1200, Case Pro Disk 500 AFS, John Deer 1890, Lemken Solitair 12, Horsch Pronto 9 DC, Tom’ 12, SP-3.6 L. Deep autumn cultivation, in contrast with disk plowing, ensures a more favorable waterair regime for plants and an increase in soybean yield. Seeding units Case Pro Disk 500 AFS, John Deer 1890, Amazon DMC 9000 and SP-3.6 L used in combination with Lemken Karat 9/400 + Case Tiger Mate 255 machines for deepening the arable layer provided an increase in soybean yield by 25.0–38.3% compared to soil tillage with discs. It is recommended to use wide-span seeding units for soybean cultivation in large and medium-sized farms in ﬁelds with subdued relief in accordance with high-intensity technology. It is advisable to use SP-3.6 L seeder with a seed shoe for organic crop production in small-scale agricultural enterprises.

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Jarvis, RJ, and RF Brennan. "Timing and intensity of surface cultivation and depth of cultivation affect Rhizoctonia patch and wheat yield." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 26, no. 6 (1986): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9860703.

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The incidence of rhizoctonia patch was reduced by both intensity and depth of cultivation on a fine white sand near Gibson, W.A. When seed was direct drilled with a triple disc drill, 13.3% of the plot area was covered with patches compared with 16.1% following a tined combine seeder. Direct drilling with a modified tined combine seeder which cultivated 10-cm deep while seeding at 3-cm depth had 6.2% patch and was as effective, in reducing patch area, as the best pre-seeding cultivation treatment of 2 scarifying (6.6%). Deep ripping to a depth of 27 cm with an Agrowplow before scarifying and seeding reduced the incidence of patch to only 2.1%. The area of patch and wheat grain yield were inversely correlated (P< 0.001) and accounted for 32% of the variation. Effects (other than rhizoctonia) on grain yield due to the cultivation treatments are suggested. Cultivation directly below the seed placement with the modified combine increased wheat plant growth and grain yield. Deep ripping further increased above-ground dry matter, and grain yield was 58% greater than the yield from direct drilling with the triple disc drill.

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Ахалая, Бадри, Badri Ahalaya, Юрий Шогенов, Yuriy Shogenov, Сергей Старовойтов, Sergey Starovoytov, Юлия Ценч, Yuliya Cench, Анзор Шогенов, and Anzor Shogenov. "THREE-SECTION SOIL PROCESSING UNIT WITH UNIVERSAL REPLACEABLE WORKING UNITS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5db9656e2ade23.01560949.

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A three-section tillage unit has been developed that allows several operations to be performed in one pass: slotting to a depth twice as deep as cultivation, cultivation, crushing the soil and harrowing. At the same time, the grip width of the chopper and harrow of the first and third sections is equal to the width of three cultivating points, and the second base section is five, the operation of the unit with the proposed arrangement of working units improves the quality of the soil treatment. The design of a universal cultivating point of a new sample is presented, containing a chisel located in the bow and slotting machines in the form of two disks with teeth. Using the proposed universal cultivator point of a new sample provides improved soil cultivation by achieving more stable cultivator progress, increasing the unhindered access of irrigation water to the underlying layers of the root zone of plants, improving the water-air regime of the soil environment, increasing the operational reliability of the slotting machine and reducing the consumption of fuels and lubricants to 15 % A promising direction in the development of combined units with removable working units is the creation of combined working units for both sowing seeds, applying mineral fertilizers and herbicides, with the aim of conducting direct sowing of row crops in both dotted and combined ways. The combination of tillage operations with the placement of several working units on one rack allows you to reduce the number of frames in the unit while reducing the metal consumption of the structure by 10 ... 15%, which leads to an increase in the economic efficiency of the tillage unit.

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Cheng, Cheng, Wenlin Chen, and Ao Li. "Research on the Cultivation and Promotion of College Students’ Legal Quality and Legal Knowledge Based on Deep Learning." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (September 21, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8647298.

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Under the new situation, it is urgent to strengthen the cultivation of the legal consciousness of young college students, which makes the research on the cultivation and promotion of college students’ legal quality and legal knowledge become very important. This article is aimed at studying the cultivation and promotion of college students’ legal quality and legal knowledge based on deep learning. This article first analyzes the legal quality and legal knowledge level of college students by proposing a questionnaire survey method, interview method, and interdisciplinary research method and establishes an explanatory structure model of the factors affecting the legal quality of college students; secondly, it introduces the basic theories of deep learning and explains its practical application; finally, the training rules of neural network are constructed through experiments, and the stage method of legal quality training based on BP neural network is introduced in detail. Considering that virtual reality technology has recently penetrated into the game industry and other fields, we have reason to believe that it will find ways to enter the legal knowledge training industry. The experimental results of this article show that the cultivation and improvement of college students’ legal quality and legal knowledge based on deep learning can reduce the momentary confusion and impulsiveness of college students. Among them, more than 80% of college students who know a little about the Constitution account for more than 80%, which also shows the importance of cultivating and improving the laws and regulations of college students. The results show that the method is accurate and fast.

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Jia, Xiaojuan, Mo Li, and Juan Zhao. "The Cultivation Quality Evaluation of International Talents Based on Deep Learning." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 17, no. 09 (May 10, 2022): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i09.31375.

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The average quality of Chinese talents, especially international talents, is falling behind the international level. For the introduction of high-level international talents, the evaluation of the cultivation quality of high-level international talents is an important factor, and this work is a basis of the said matter. However, most of the existing works related to this topic are just about the definitions of high-level international talents, their features, and importance, or discussions of other aspects. This paper aims to study the evaluation of the cultivation quality of international talents based on deep learning. At first, the paper gave a framework for the ideas of international talent cultivation, established an Evaluation Index System (EIS) containing 4 basic elements for such evaluation, and emphasized the importance of the training and testing of professional business English. At first, the paper gave a framework for the ideas of international talent cultivation, and established an Evaluation Index System (EIS) containing 4 basic elements for such evaluation. Then, this paper proposed the evaluation flow, and adopted an Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm to the analysis of the quality change during the cultivation process of international talents. After that, for the change trend of the cultivation quality of international talents at different time scales, this paper applied a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network for training and obtained the corresponding predicted quality value. At last, experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed model in predicting the cultivation quality evaluation of international talents.

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Brennan, RF, and WL Crabtree. "Deep cultivation of a sandy soil, near Esperance, reduced the incidence of Rhizoctonia bare patch and increased grain yield of lupins." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 6 (1989): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890803.

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The incidence of rhizoctonia bare patch in lupins was decreased by increasing the depth of cultivation on a grey sand at Gibson, Western Australia. With a shallow 5 cm cultivation, 18% of the plot area was covered with rhizoctonia patches. Deep ripping with an Agrowplow to 20 cm reduced the area of patch to 7%. Deeper ripping to 30 cm further decreased the area of patch. The area covered by rhizoctonia patches was negatively related with lupin yields and accounted for 65% of the variation of dry matter yields of lupin whole tops and 70% of the variation in grain yields. The increase in lupin grain yield as a result of the cultivation (deep ripping) could possibly be due to the reduction of rhizoctonia patch area and any effects that cultivation alone had on lupin growth. The effects of cultivation (deep ripping) and rhizoctonia bare patch on lupin grain yields cannot be separated in this experiment.

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Simard, Marie-Josée, Robert E. Nurse, Audrey-Kim Minville, Lydia Maheux, Martin Laforest, and Kristen Obeid. "Weed emergence and seedbank after three years of repetitive shallow cultivation in a muck soil field." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 102, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2021-0200.

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Frequent cultivation is often used to control weeds in crops such as lettuce. The efficacy of this technique on weed populations has been evaluated, but the effect on weed emergence and seedbanks is less documented. Studies in mineral soil indicate that soil disturbance can increase both weed emergence and seed persistence depending on where seeds are redistributed in the soil profile. Evaluations done in muck soil are scarce. This study evaluated the effect of two and four repetitive shallow (3.4 to 7.1 cm deep) cultivations on weed emergence and the weed seedbank in muck soil. Cultivation treatments (0, 2, and 4 cultivations using a inter-row rototiller) were done in lettuce plots from 2017 to 2019. Weed density was evaluated by species before each cultivation date and after crop harvest. Viable seedbanks were evaluated by collecting soil samples before and after each growing season and placing them in greenhouse flats. Statistical analyses were based on mixed models. Results showed that shallow cultivation modified the emergence patterns of weeds but did not reduce total emergence during the subsequent years or viable seedbanks. After two seasons without seed inputs, total emergence was reduced by 46.6% and the seedbank was reduced by 31.7% regardless of the cultivation treatment. However, the seedbank of the very abundant common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) remained high.

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Schmidt, CP, and RK Belford. "A comparison of different tillage-seeding systems: the interaction of tillage and time of sowing on sandplain soils in Western Australia." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 7 (1993): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930895.

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The effects of tillage-seeding method and 2 times of sowing on yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were examined on the sandplain soils in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia. Four methods were compared: sowing after cultivation, sowing followed by deep ripping, direct drilling (i.e. single-pass seeding with a tined drill), sowing with a new cultivation depth modified drill (CDM) modified to cultivate up to 14 cm deep while sowing at 4 cm. Crops direct-drilled with the CDM produced more grain than crops established with conventional direct drilling or 'crops sown later using the cultivate-sow method and had similar yields to late-sown deep-ripped crops, where appropriate cultivars were used. Early sowing followed by deep ripping produced the highest grain yield. However, increasing the depth of soil disturbance while sowing early with the CDM in a 1-pass system resulted in a progressive increase in grain yield. When the cost of the extra ripping or cultivation operation is taken into account, early direct drilling with the CDM drill is likely to be more profitable than either conventional direct drilling or sowing with deep ripping or cultivation.

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Holt, Ben F., and Ivan K. Smith. "Small-scale, intensive cultivation methods: The effects of deep hand tillage on the productivity of bush beans and red beets." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 13, no. 1 (March 1998): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300007591.

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AbstractThis study examined how one aspect of intensive cultivation, double digging by hand (loosening the planting bed to 50 cm deep), contributed to crop productivity and nutrient uptake in bush beans (1994 and 1995) and red beets (1995 only). Comparison beds were prepared with the soil cultivated to 25 cm (single dig) and 6 cm (surface cultivation). Although there were significant differences (1994 beans) between the surface cultivated beds and other cultivation types for leaf mass and chlorophyll content, there were no significant differences in the total mass of beans (whole fruit) produced. There were no significant differences in beet green or root (edible portion) biomass among cultivation methods. Levels of Ca, Mg, and K in the bean fruits and beet roots were not significantly different among cultivation methods. This study demonstrated that deep cultivation significantly alters the soil profile as measured by penetrometer resistance, but that this change does not necessarily alter productivity or nutrient uptake. We suggest that deep hand tillage has little effect on crop productivity in well-watered and moderate to high fertility soils. These results are similar to those found in mechanically subsoiled systems.

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Mead, JA, and KY Chan. "Effect of deep tillage and seedbed preparation on the growth and yield of wheat on a hard-setting soil." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 28, no. 4 (1988): 491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9880491.

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The preparation of a seedbed using either conventional cultivation (3 scarifyings) or deep tillage increased the vegetative and grain yield of a wheat crop (cv. Banks in 1983, and Quarrion in 1984) when compared with the direct drill technique of crop establishment on a hard-setting red duplex soil (Dr 2.62). Neither vegetative nor grain yield was increased by the inclusion of a deep tillage operation on the conventionally cultivated treatment prior to seedbed preparation with a scarifier. The poor seedling vigour of direct drilled plots was eliminated by deep tillage. However, the effect of deep tillage was short-lived. The importance of good soil physical condition during crop establishment was highlighted by the recompaction of the cultivated soil to bulk density and shear strength levels similar to those of the uncultivated plots in the latter part of the growing season. Because of the fragile nature of the soil, there were no residual benefits from the deep tillage operation on the undisturbed plots in the following season. Although cultivation had obvious benefits in enhancing seedling vigour on the hard-setting soil, the destruction of the soil's macroporosity reduced water infiltration down the soil profile. The adoption of conservation farming practices on hard-setting soils should initially involve reduced cultivation techniques to promote early seedling vigour. This cultivation should be timed to minimise the risks of soil erosion and recompaction. Further work is needed to identify the optimal cultivation techniques for these soils.

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OLSON, B. M., and L. E. LOWE. "EFFECTS OF INTENSIVE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION ON THE HYDROLYZABLE CARBON, NITROGEN AND SULPHUR OF A BRITISH COLUMBIA HUMISOL." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 70, no. 4 (November 1, 1990): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss90-065.

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Acid hydrolysis was used to examine organic matter (OM), C, N and S in adjacent uncultivated and cultivated (40 yr) sections of a humisol. Paired soil samples were collected along two transects, both of which included deep organic soil and an exposed mineral ridge. About one-third of the OM was hydrolyzed. Cultivation had no effect on hydrolysis of the deep organic soil, whereas the amount hydrolyzed was significantly reduced by 4.1% in the ridge samples. Total C hydrolyzed ranged from 22.8 to 26.9% with no effect caused by cultivation or transect position relative to the ridge. In contrast, 71.1–80.4% of total N and 39.1 to 49.3% of total S were hydrolyzed. Cultivation significantly reduced the proportion of total N hydrolyzed in the deep organic soil and the proportion of total S hydrolyzed in both the deep organic soil and the ridge sections. On a total soil weight basis, cultivation reduced the amount of OM, C, N and S hydrolyzed in the ridge samples by 43, 38, 44 and 39%, respectively, but had much less effect on the deep organic soil samples. For the most part the distribution of N forms was similar for the four transect sections. Most of the S hydrolyzed was in the hydriodic acid-reducible sulphur (HI-S) form. The hydrolyzates from the cultivated soil samples had higher C-S:HI-S ratios. The amount of S hydrolyzed in the OM was not affected by cultivation, whereas residue-S was increased by 35.1 to 64.7%. The problems encountered with S hydrolysis analysis were discussed. Key words: Cultivation, humisol, hydrolysis, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, sulphur

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Leshchenko, Sergiy, Vasyl Salo, and Dmytro Petrenko. "Assessment of Energy Intensity of Deep Cultivation of Soil by Combined Chisel Deep Tillers." Collected Works of Kirovohrad National Technical University. Machinery in Agricultural Production, Industry Machine Building, Automation, no. 31 (2018): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2409-9392.2018.31.10-20.

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Santos, Ariane Gaspar, Bernardo Dias Ribeiro, Felipe Valle do Nascimento, and Maria Alice Zarur Coelho. "Culture Miniaturization of Lipase Production by Yarrowia lipolytica." Current Biochemical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 27, 2019): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212711905666180730101010.

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Background::The proposal to perform scale-down of culture systems (2 to 4 mL) could be more efficient for screen multiple formulations and operational conditions. For such, is important to evaluate if the kinetic parameters of a bioprocess are comparative to conventional lab-scale reactors. In the present study, the effects of different miniaturized systems were evaluated on growth and lipase production of Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682.Methods::Cultivations were conducted in a mini-scale version of Erlenmeyer flask of 10 mL (10EF); 24 deep-well microplate of 11 ml (24MTP/11 mL) and 24 deep-well microplate of 25 ml (24MTP/25 mL).Results::Similar specific growth rate (μ) was observed between miniaturized cultivations (0.27 h-1). Different lipase productivities values were obtained, the highest was achieved in 10EF (181 U.L-1.h-1). Volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) and maximum lipase production were improved with culture miniaturization in comparison with conventional shake-flasks. Bioreactor (1.5 L) cultivation showed similar growth kinetic, pH profile and kLa values, but an increase in the maximum productivity was observed. These finding showed the advantages of Y. lipolytica cultivations scale-down.Conclusion::These findings show the advantages of Y. lipolytica scale-down cultivations, and to perform scale-up for benchtop bioreactor directly from these miniaturized cultivations, without the need of gradual scale-up, representing a reduction in costs and working time. Taking into consideration the rare works about miniaturized cultivation with Y. lipolytica, this work opens the way to a better understanding of bioprocess and alternatives for process conduction.

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Pańkowska, Małgorzata. "Autoethnography on Researcher Profile Cultivation." Information 13, no. 3 (March 16, 2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13030154.

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Information Communication Technology (ICT) and social networks have significant impact on everyday life. One the one hand, Internet users enjoy promoting themselves and feel free to disseminate information about themselves through websites and social networks, but on the other hand, people feel forced to reveal information about them on the Internet. Web technologies enable self-promotion for many reasons, i.e., social relations development, acquiring a new job, or research career support. This paper concerns autoethnography application for social science researcher profile cultivation. Autoethnography belongs to qualitative methods and focuses on deep analysis of experiences and competencies in a narrative way. In this study, autoethnography is self-reflection for personal development strategy. This study methodology includes the literature survey and case study. The Literature Survey (LS) on autoethnographic research is included to answer the question for what purposes autoethnography is applied. In the case study, the author proposes to expand autoethnography and presents that beyond stories, statistical data can be used to reveal researcher’s experiences and personality, and data anonymization is a solution for privacy protection in autoethnographic research. The results indicate that perception of individual profile is significantly influenced by ICT, Internet services, and social networks platforms and portals. Contemporary researchers are evaluated by Web statistical measures. The researcher’s profiling is much more complex and statistical measures and metrics provide a general view of the researcher. Application of statistical measures leads to concluding on general competencies of the researcher and precludes a deep focus on local scientific specificity of the researcher. This paper has added value because of presenting the academic community integration with the Internet social networks, e.g., Facebook, LinkedIn, or SciVal. The paper emphasizes transparency and visibility of researchers’ profiles, as well as the necessity to analyze their activities and publications in academic community context and in comparisons with others.

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Ruei-Jhen Huang, 黃瑞臻. "長照人才的培育－永信社會福利基金會的長照職能分級與培訓制度簡述." 臺灣社區工作與社區研究學刊 11, no. 3 (December 2021): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/222372402021121103005.

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本文旨在說明永信社會福利基金會的長照職能分級與培訓制度。本單位的人力資源發展策略是以兩大主軸為主：第一個是對內建立自律以及互信的團隊氛圍，第二是對外持續深耕社區網絡。團隊氛圍的營造主要有五項作法：作業流程、薪酬制度、員工權益與支持系統、培力制度、輪調機制。最後，退場機制也是讓組織發展往前邁進的重要關鍵。  This article aims at explaining the long-term care competency and cultivating system of Yungshin Social Welfare Foundation. The human resources strategy of this institution include two items: the first is self-discipline and mutual dependence of inner group, and the second is the deep cultivation of outer social community networks. The building of inner group solidarity includes five items: work procedure, compensation system, employee rights and supporting systems, cultivation system, and job rotation. Finally, withdrawal mechanism is also a key mechanism for institution development.

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Firsova, M. S., V. A. Yevgrafova, and A. V. Potekhin. "NUTRIENT MEDIUM SELECTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF AVIBACTERIUM PARAGALLINARUM DEEP CULTURE METHOD." Veterinary Science Today, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2019-2-29-12-16.

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Different liquid nutrient media supplemented with growth factors intended for Avibacterium paragallinarum strain No. 5111 cultivation were compared. The highest specific growth rate (μ = 0.787 ± 0.041 h-1) and the maximal accumulation of the agent’s biomass (Х = 9.52 ± 0.04 lg CFU/ cm3) were reported when cultured in casein soybean broth. Herewith, the mean time of the live microbial cell concentration doubling was minimal (td = 0.88 h), and the exponential growth phase lasted for 6 hours. The optimal method for Avibacterium paragallinarum cultivation in casein soybean broth in laboratory bioreactor Biotron LiFlus GX was determined through the measurements and adjustment of basic physical and chemical parameters. The time period until the culture reached the stationary growth phase was maximal with aeration at 1.0 l/min; herewith, the O2 partial pressure in the nutrient medium did not exceed 25%. The period of the intense decrease of medium’s pH was accompanied with the exponential phase of the bacterial growth. The nutrient medium’s pH ranging from 7.30 ± 0.02 to 7.90 ± 0.06 had no significant impact on the specific growth rate of the strain and the lag phase duration was minimal – 0.36–0.45 h. The strain cultivation in the nutrient medium with pH 7.90 ± 0.06 demonstrated maximal aggregation of the bacteria (9.76 ± 0.04 lg CFU/cm3). 40% glucose solution added at 0.6-0.8 g/l during cultivation facilitated the decrease of the suspension’s pH. Minimal redox value (–75 mV) was indicative of the completion of the exponential phase of the strain growth.

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Liu, Xiangyu, Yichen Tian, Chao Yuan, Feifei Zhang, and Guang Yang. "Opium Poppy Detection Using Deep Learning." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121886.

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Opium poppies are a major source of traditional drugs, which are not only harmful to physical and mental health, but also threaten the economy and society. Monitoring poppy cultivation in key regions through remote sensing is therefore a crucial task; the location coordinates of poppy parcels represent particularly important information for their eradication by local governments. We propose a new methodology based on deep learning target detection to identify the location of poppy parcels and map their spatial distribution. We first make six training datasets with different band combinations and slide window sizes using two ZiYuan3 (ZY3) remote sensing images and separately train the single shot multibox detector (SSD) model. Then, we choose the best model and test its performance using 225 km2 verification images from Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), which exhibits a precision of 95% for a recall of 85%. The speed of our method is 4.5 km2/s on 1080TI Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). This study is the first attempt to monitor opium poppies with the deep learning method and achieve a high recognition rate. Our method does not require manual feature extraction and provides an alternative way to rapidly obtain the exact location coordinates of opium poppy cultivation patches.

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Isaeva, Elena, German YaGOVENKO, and Olga Pedosich. "EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION WITH LUPINE AND BASIC SOIL CULTIVATION METHODS ON WEED INFESTATION OF SOWING IN BRYANSK REGION." Adaptive Fodder Production 2020, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2020-3-6-11.

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Tests have been done on gray forest soil in the South-West of the Non-Chernozem zone of Bryansk re-gion in the stationary experiment in the All-Russian Lupin Research Institute in 2015–2018. The aim of the test was to evaluate the effect of the intensity of the basic soil cultivation on crop weed infestation in lupin crop rotation. The experiment has been done during a rotation of the field crop rotation (winter wheat – bare oats – winter triticale – lupin) turned in time and space in the fields of white lupin and win-ter wheat where lupin has been cultivated as a predecessor. During the test years 7 weeds species have been fixed at tillering phase of winter wheat, its number made 9.4–15.4 units/m2. The number of the main weeds decreased to 11 species at the end of the vegetation season (at ripeness stage) and made 9.7–15.9 units/m2. There have been noticed 8 weeds species in white lupin crops, the number made 33.6–55.8 units/m2. The deep non-moldboard soil cultivation decreased weeds number in crop rotation. At dif-ferent basic soil cultivation 8 weeds species occurred in crops. The others were either in the deep non-moldboard soil cultivation or in the surface one. The number and ratio of weeds species changed when the grass component increased to the final field of crop rotation. The annual dicotyledonous species made 45.0–60.5% decreasing at the surface cultivation. Perennial weeds made 38.5–55.0% of the total weeds coenosis. Their number decreased in the case of deep cultivation. Crop infestation degree and as a result the weeds twice during the rotation at the surface soil cultivation.

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Kuz'min, P. N. "XYLOTROPHIC FUNGUS Trichoderma atroviride: CULTIVATION, EXTRACELLULAR HYDROLYTIC AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY." Biotechnologia Acta 14, no. 3 (June 2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech14.03.046.

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Xylotrophic fungi are well known by their ability to excrete enzymes into environment. These fungi have important biotechnological potential and some of them produce industrial enzymes. Besides, xylotrophic fungal species have recently attracted a lot of attention among researchers as a source of antibacterial drugs. Aim. To analyze the effect of the carbon source in the culture medium, as well as the conditions of deep cultivation on the mycelium yield, proteolytic, cellulolytic and antimicrobial activity of the culture liquid of Trichoderma atroviride. Methods. Deep culture methods were used, partial purification was carried out with salting and subsequent dialysis, the cellulolytic activity was determined spectrophotometrically, antimicrobial activity was determined using the disc diffusion technique. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 6.0 software. Results. The highest cellulolytic activity (0.50±0.03 units/ml), mycelium yield and the smallest colony diameter were detected when cellulose was used as a carbon source. However, the highest proteolytic activity of the culture liquid was observed with glucose as a carbon source. The optimal temperature range for hydrolase activity was shown to be in the range of 25-30 °C. In comparison with Pleurotus ostreatus, the culture liquid of T. atroviride not only has more pronounced antimicrobial activity, but also inhibits the growth of Candida albicans. Conclusions. The culture liquid of isolated strain T. atroviride is a promising source of hydrolytic enzymes that can be used in organic farming and industry. The purified preparation obtained from the culture liquid of T. atroviride showed significant antimicrobial activity and can be successfully used for drug development in the future.

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Vasilchenko, Nikolay Ivanovich, and Grigoriy Aleksandrovich Zvyagin. "Change of physical properties of southern carbonate chernozems at various cultivation systems in Northern Kazakhstan." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20164101.

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Contradictory data about impact of the minimum and zero cultivation on physical properties of southern chernozems (Chernozem) of heavy particle size distribution have caused the necessity of their studying on the territory of Akmola region. Researches of physical properties of southern carbonate chernozems were conducted based on comparison of soils physical properties the virgin site with pilot allotments of deep and minimum cultivation of land, direct crops and zero technology. Reduction of content physical clay particles and silt in comparison with the virgin site revealed in the upper layer of 0-10 cm in case of all above-stated handlings. Mechanized conversions cause the activation of profile differentiation with regard to silty fraction. Descending migration from the arable horizon to subarable horizon happens in case of deep cultivation of land. This migration from layer of 0-10 cm to underlying arable layer of 10-26 cm happens in case of minimum and zero cultivation of land. The greatest deterioration in addition density of plougland in a layer of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm observe in case of the minimum and zero cultivation of land.

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Pyndak, V. I., and A. E. Novikov. "Energy efficiency of mechanisms and instruments for deep cultivation of soil." Journal of Machinery Manufacture and Reliability 43, no. 6 (November 2014): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1052618814050148.

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Teske, Andreas P. "Microbial Communities of Deep Marine Subsurface Sediments: Molecular and Cultivation Surveys." Geomicrobiology Journal 23, no. 6 (September 2006): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490450600875613.

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Komilov, Komiljon. "Effects of deep cultivation between cotton rows on plant root system." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 10, no. 11 (2020): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2020.01341.5.

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Baruah, N., B. K. Medhi, Sanjay Swami, R. K. Thakuria, and B. Borkotoki. "Soil quality index as affected by temporal long term tea cultivation in Jorhat District of Assam." Journal of Environmental Biology 41, no. 6 (November 15, 2020): 1685–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/6/si-252.

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Aim: The investigation was undertaken to identify the Minimum Data Set (MDS) for Soil Quality Index (SQI) assessment in continuouslong-term tea cultivation systems. Methodology: In the study under very deep, fine loamy, well-drained soil, five age groups of tea plantations viz. less than 15 years, 15-30 years, 30-45 years, 45-60 years and more than 60 years were selected and identified minimum data set and soil quality index. Results: In very deep, fine loamy, well-drained soil under continuous tea cultivation, SQI, 14.74 was obtained for less than 15 years, 14.06 for 15-30 years, 11.12 for 30-45 years, 12.94 for 45-60 years and 11.37 for more than 60 years of plantation, respectively. Interpretation: The most sensitive soil quality indicators identified in very deep, fine loamy, well-drained soil were pH for less than 15 years, total nitrogen for 15-30 years, available nitrogen for 30-45 years, organic carbon for 45-60 years and exchangeable aluminium for more than 60 years of continuous tea cultivation.

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Konopiński, Mirosław, Lidia Nowak, Roman Mitura, and Dorota Skiba. "Effect of different pre-sowing tillage on quantity and quality of parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.) root yield in ridge cultivation." Acta Agrobotanica 64, no. 3 (2012): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2011.030.

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Parsnip is a very valuable vegetable due to its nutritional value and dietetic quality. It is moreover herbal raw material abundant in active substances. The yield quality of vegetables greatly depends on thorough pre-sowing soil tillage. The present study aimed at evaluating the influence of different presowing soil tillage (medium-deep ploughing, cultivating) and plant growing methods, flat or ridge cultivation, on the yield of parsnip and some biometric traits of its roots. The field experiment was carried out in 1999, 2000 and 2002 on lessive soil with the granulometric composition corresponding to medium silty loam. The parsnip cultivar 'Półdługi Biały' was the experimental plant species. The cultivation of parsnip on ridges had a significant influence on increased total yield of roots and decreased yield of small roots, as compared to flat cultivation. A significant increase in unit weight of the root and its diameter in the top part was also recorded in the latter type of cultivation. Spring pre-sowing tillage had no significant effect on parsnip yields. An increasing trend was observed only for total and marketable root yield in the ploughed plots. When parsnip is grown on lessive soil (which has an unstable structure), plants cultivated on ridges after spring pre-sowing plough are the most beneficial treatment combination.

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Pakul, A. L., N. A. Lapshinov, G. V. Bozhanova, and V. N. Pakul. "Methods of improving efficiency of soft spring wheat cultivation technology." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 50, no. 5 (November 21, 2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-5-1.

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The paper presents the results of research into the technology of soft spring wheat cultivation of the Siberian Alliance variety taking into account the formation of the production process. The experiment was carried out in 2015–2019 in the zone of the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression. The work was done in a long-term stationary experiment of grain-fallow crop rotation: fallow (bare, green-manured – rapeseed, melilot) – wheat – peas – barley (pure barley and intercropped with melilot). The following soil tillage systems were studied: deep moldboard (control), deep combined, minimum combined, minimum moldboard. The soil of the experimental plot was characterized as leached medium-textured, medium humus, heavy-loam chernozem. It was revealed that the influence of the preceding crop on the production process of soft spring wheat accounted for 80.4%, the effect of the soil cultivation system was 13.8%. The maximum yield in the experiment was obtained with minimum moldboard system of soil cultivation preceded by rapeseed green-manured fallow (3.34 t/ha) with the lowest cost of grain (4.6 thousand rubles/t) and high profit (30.3 thousand rubles/ha), control indicators being 3.26 t/ha, 9.2 thousand rubles/t and 15.2 thousand rubles/ha, respectively. The following positive effects on the formation of the production process were identified: soil moisture availability, microbiological activity, a decrease in phytosanitary tension, lack of soil compaction at a high content of agronomically valuable particles. Sowing rapeseed on green-manured fallow in the current crop rotation with the application of minimum moldboard tillage system is the most effective method of cultivating soft spring wheat of the Siberian Alliance variety in the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression.

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Li, Tao. "Analysis on the effect of soybean and maize cultivation tech- nology and agricultural technology extension." 城市建设理论研究—园林景观 5, no. 1 (2020): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26789/yljg.2020.01.003.

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With the rapid development of national economy, relevant departments gradually pay attention to the cultivation technology of soybean and maize and the promotion of agricultural technology. In order to further ensure the development of soybean and corn cultivation technology, it is necessary to solve the problems of low agricultural productivity and low labor productivity according to the actual situation, deepen the deep understanding of agricultural technology, and let the social masses recognize the importance of soybean and corn cultivation technology. Therefore, this paper mainly for soybean, corn cultivation technology and agricultural technology extension effect of brief analysis, in order to provide reference.

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Edison, Muhammad Noor Fazri Edison, Suprayitno, and Niwayan Sukraini. "ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY AND ECONOMICALLY SUSTAINABLE LOCAL PEATLAND CULTIVATION STRATEGIES." Sociae Polites 21, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/sp.v21i3.2247.

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Kalampangan subdistrict is located in the north part of Palangka Raya Town in Central Kalimantan. Kalampangan was built on approximately four-meter-deep peat. At first, the land was not productive because it was very acidic. However, after many years of hard work, Kalampangan has been successful in providing vegetables, fruits, and meat for Palangka Raya and its surrounding regions. The local farmers in Kalampangan cultivate the deep peatland in an environmentally friendly way, i.e., by adding manure and ash of weeds. As a result of this local wisdom-based practice, the soil becomes fertile and productive for horticultural products, and subsequently, the plant residue is utilized for animal feed. This integrated horticulture and livestock farming have made Kalampangan the biggest produce and livestock supplier for Palangka Raya and the surrounding regions. This paper aims at describing the detailed strategies of this integration by collecting data through interviews with the local administration and farmers. Keywords: Kalampangan, peatland, horticulture, livestock farming, productive

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Semenikhina, Yulia, Sergey Kambulov, Dmitriy Podlesniy, and Andrey Boyko. "Features of Soil Tillage during the Cultivation of Spring Barley." MATEC Web of Conferences 346 (2021): 03097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134603097.

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Spring barley is a multipurpose crop. High-quality and valuable grain is grain with a high protein content, which is formed at high temperatures in the phase of grain filling. But droughty conditions are unfavorable for the entire growing season of plants. Therefore, the cultivation of spring barley in an arid climate requires a competent approach and is based on a rational combination of agrotechnical methods, among which a special place is given to the main tillage. The purpose of the research is to establish the effect of various methods of soil cultivation on soil moisture and density, as well as on the yield of barley. We studied 4 options for soil cultivation: deep flat-cut, deep layer-by-layer non-moldboard, deep moldboard plowing and direct sowing without tillage. According to the results of the research, the highest soil moisture was established with direct sowing. A decrease in soil moisture was revealed for layer-by-layer tillage by 12.46%, for flat-cut till-age by 13.83%, for moldboard tillage by 15.84%. Studies of soil density by the phases of development of spring barley for each of the methods of soil cultivation have established an increase in density with depth. The highest yield of spring barley was obtained with direct sowing. At the same time, it exceeded the yield with the dump method of tillage by 4.37%, with the layer-by-layer method by 14.48% and with the flat-cut method of tillage by 17.26%. Thus, in arid conditions, direct sowing provided the best results in soil moisture and yield in the cultivation of spring barley

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Исаева, Елена, and Elena Isaeva. "MAIN SOIL CULTIVATION IN CROP ROTATION WITH LUPIN FOR BRYANSK REGION CONDITION." Adaptive Fodder Production 2019, no. 3 (September 5, 2019): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2019-3-12-18.

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Tests results have been got on gray forest soil in the South-West of the Non-Chernozem zone of Bryansk region in the stationary experiment in the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine in 2015–2018. The aim of the test was to evaluate a hectare of crop rotation area of four field lupin crop rotation (winter wheat – bare oats – winter triticale – lupin) for production of feed and energy effectiveness at different technics of the main soil cultivation. The variant of dump ploughing with deep loosening once in four years for lupin has the highest productivity of feed and energy effectiveness per a hectare of crop rotation area. Each crop of the crop rotation has high indices of yield and quality of grain products at this way of soil cultivation. The tested four-field lupin crop rotation is more energetically stable at the variant of the main soil cultivation — traditional ploughing with deep loosening. Efficiency coefficient of the crop rotation was 3.15 in the first cycle and the coefficient of energy effectiveness was 2.15. The other variants of the main soil cultivation could be used too in multiform farms of a region to provide quite high profitability.

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Connolly, R. D., D. M. Freebairn, and B. J. Bridge. "Change in infiltration characteristics associated with cultivation history of soils in south-eastern Queensland." Soil Research 35, no. 6 (1997): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s97032.

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Change in soil infiltration characteristics with cultivation can result in reduced soil water storage, increased runoff and erosion, and reduced crop production. We measured changes in infiltration characteristics associated with years of cultivation for 5 soil groups in south-eastern Queensland. Soils were grouped according to soil type and texture into Sodosols, light and heavy Vertosols, Red Ferrosols, and Red Chromosols/Kandosols. Soil infiltration characteristics were determined from measurements of permeability and water-holding properties of the cultivated layer (0–0·1 m deep) and the layer immediately below the plough layer (0·1–0·2 m deep). A rainfall simulator was used to measure the hydraulic conductivity of surface seals and infiltration of bare, tilled soil in the field. Hydraulic conductivity of the soil matrix and macropores and water-holding properties of the 0·1–0·2 m layer were measured with disc permeameters and pressure plate apparatus. Hydraulic conductivity of surface seals decreased exponentially in all soil groups with period of cultivation; half of the decline occurred within 2–6 years of first cultivation. Hydraulic conductivity, macroporosity, and moisture characteristic of the 0·1–0·2 m layer were similarly affected by longer periods of cultivation in all but light-textured soils. Cultivation of light-textured, hardsetting soils (18% clay) did not adversely affect hydraulic conductivity or macroporosity of the 0·1–0·2 m layer and the loosening effect of tillage was somewhat beneficial for the water-holding properties of this layer. The low hydraulic conductivities of the surface or 0·1–0·2 m layer after long periods of cultivation reduced infiltration of rainfall in the field.

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Breukers, M. L. H., R. Stokkers, J. Spruijt, P. F. M. M. Roelofs, and J. J. de Haan. "IMPACT OF DEEP FLOW CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ON SUSTAINABILITY OF FIELD VEGETABLE PRODUCTION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1034 (May 2014): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2014.1034.20.

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M., Nandhini, Thangadarshini M., Kala K. U., and MadhusudhanaVerma S. "APPLICABILITY OF DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES FOR CROP PROTECTION IN PLANTAIN TREE CULTIVATION." Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering 12, no. 1 (February 20, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21817/indjcse/2021/v12i1/211201401.

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Ngugi, H. K., H. Scherm, and D. S. NeSmith. "Distribution of Pseudosclerotia of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi and Risk of Apothecial Emergence Following Mechanical Cultivation." Phytopathology® 92, no. 8 (August 2002): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.8.877.

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Pseudosclerotia (infected, mummified fruit) of Monilinia vacciniicorymbosi overwinter on the orchard floor and germinate to produce apothecia in early spring, providing the only source of primary inoculum for mummy berry disease of blueberry. Three experiments were carried out to develop a model for the relative efficacy of mechanical cultivation in reducing the risk associated with primary inoculum. In the first experiment, apothecial emergence from pseudosclerotia buried 0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 10 cm below the soil surface was monitored to determine the critical depth necessary to inhibit emergence. No apothecia emerged from pseudosclerotia buried at depths of ≥3 cm, and the critical depth of burial was determined at 2.6 cm by regression analysis. In the second experiment, pseudosclerotia or plastic beads (used as surrogates for pseudosclerotia) were placed on the soil surface of experimental plots before cultivation with an in-row rotary cultivator, a disc harrow, or a rotary cultivator with each implement operated in a single pass. Vertical distribution profiles of pseudosclerotia or beads in the topsoil were characterized after excavation with a custom-built sampling device. The proportion of pseudosclerotia placed below the critical depth of 2.6 cm was 20.9, 52.6, and 78.6% for the in-row rotary cultivator, the disc harrow, and the rotary cultivator, respectively. For all three implements, vertical distribution profiles of pseudosclerotia and plastic beads were very similar, allowing the latter to be used in subsequent experiments in commercial fields. In the third experiment, two blueberry plantings were surveyed to determine the horizontal distribution of pseudosclerotia on the orchard floor with distance from the crowns of the plants. The greatest frequency of pseudosclerotia occurred between 30 and 40 cm from the plants. Based on measurements of the distance from plants within which different implements can operate, the proportion of pseudosclerotia accessible by cultivation ranged from 58.7% for the disc harrow to 87.2% for the in-row rotary cultivator. Taken together, results from the three experiments indicated that cultivation with a single implement can reduce risk of apothecial emergence by about 50%. More effective risk reductions may be obtained by combining implements that result in deep burial of pseudosclerotia with those that have access to pseudosclerotia near the plants. This was demonstrated by a commercial cultivation method that utilized three passes of different implements and resulted in extensive reshaping of plant beds, placing 88.2% of beads below the critical depth of 2.6 cm.

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Sankarasubramanian, K., Balaji Devakumar, G. Annadurai, Liangling Sun, Yu-Jia Zeng, and Xiaoyong Huang. "Novel SrLaAlO4:Mn4+deep-red emitting phosphors with excellent responsiveness to phytochrome PFRfor plant cultivation LEDs: synthesis, photoluminescence properties, and thermal stability." RSC Advances 8, no. 53 (2018): 30223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra06356g.

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Hu, Jianxu, Tinghong Huang, Yuanpeng Zhang, Bin Lu, Huanqing Ye, Baojiu Chen, Haiping Xia, and Changyan Ji. "Enhanced deep-red emission from Mn4+/Mg2+ co-doped CaGdAlO4 phosphors for plant cultivation." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 7 (2019): 2455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8dt04955f.

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Irfan, Muhammad, Hakoomat Ali, Shakeel Ahmad, Abdul Sattar, Ahsan Areeb, Shabir Hussain, Rana Nauman Shabbir, Naeem Sarwar, and Fida Hussain. "Various tillage systems and sowing methods affect growth and yield related characters of cotton." Journal of Arable Crops and Marketing 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 09–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jacm.002.01.3187.

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Seedbed preparation and sowing methods play significant role in obtaining good crop yields. To explore the agronomic productivity and economic efficacy of different tillage and sowing methods in cotton, a two year field study was conducted during 2010 and 2011. The experiment comprised of two tillage systems viz; conventional tillage (one time disc harrow + two cultivations + planking) and deep tillage (chiseling twice + one cultivation + planking) along with three sowing methods viz; flat sowing, ridge sowing and bed sowing. Split plot design was used with three replications. Deep tillage amplified seed cotton yields by 18.7% and 11.14% during 2010 and 2011, respectively. Bed sowing exhibited higher yield contributing traits such as number of opened bolls per plant and boll weight as compared to ridge and flat sowing. Deep tillage with bed sowing gave maximum net returns of USD 1407.88 with BCR of 1.81 during the year 2010, while during 2011 it was USD 783.50 with BCR 1.45. Bulk density of the soil was found lower in the upper layer of soil surface as compared to lower surface under deep tillage systems as compared to conventional tillage systems. It was concluded that deep tillage produced more number of plants which contributed towards highest seed cotton yield. Moreover deep tillage was more costly except in bed sowing of cotton crop. The interactive effect of tillage systems and sowing methods were found non significant during both years of study.

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Phedorova, Valentina Aleksandrovna, Dmitriy Pavlovich Polyakov, Yulia Pavlovna Tarasenkova, Nina Alekseevna Naumova, Andrey Vladimirovich Tyutyuma, Aleksandr Pavlovich Zagorodin, and Ekaterina Viktorovna Khyupinina. "Progressive method of basic treatment of soil under barley in the conditions of the semi-desert zone of the Northern Pre-Caspian." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2019i11pp40-45.

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The results of experimental studies on the use of the resource-saving organ of the soil cultivating aggregate ROPA as a type of main autumn tillage for sowing spring barley are presented. Deep loosening by 0.40–0.45 m improves the agrophysical properties of the soil, contributes to better assimilation of atmospheric precipitation in the autumn-winter period, thereby improving the moisture supply of the root layer by 25% and increasing the fertility of the arable horizon. Using the proposed cultivation allows obtaining up to 1.77-1.79 t/ha of spring barley grain in semi-desert conditions of the Northern Pre-Caspian on old arable lands.

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Kimbirauskienė, Rasa, Kęstutis Romaneckas, Vilma Naujokienė, Aušra Sinkevičienė, Egidijus Šarauskis, Sidona Buragienė, and Stanisław Bielski. "Planosol CO2 Respiration, Chemical and Physical Properties of Differently Tilled Faba Bean Cultivation." Land 9, no. 11 (November 17, 2020): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110456.

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Soil tillage intensity influences the chemical composition of soil, the distribution of nutrients, and soil physical and mechanical properties, as well as gas flows. The impact of reduced tillage on these indices in faba bean cultivation is still insufficient and requires more analysis on a global scale. This study was carried out at Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy (Lithuania) in 2016–2018. The aim of the investigation was to establish the influence of the tillage systems on the soil chemical composition, temperature, moisture content, and CO2 respiration in faba bean cultivation limited by the semi-humid subarctic climate. On the basis of a long-term tillage experiment, five tillage systems were tested: deep and shallow moldboard plowing, deep cultivation-chiseling, shallow cultivation-disking, and no-tillage. Results showed that in conditions of plowless tillage systems, the content of precrops’ residues on the topsoil before the spring tillage was 5 to 15 times higher than in plowed plots. It undoubtedly was for the amount of available nutrients in the soil, soil temperature, and moisture content. Plowless and no-tillage systems could initiate an increase in the amount of available nutrients in soil. The highest concentration of chemical elements was found in no-tilled plots. So faba bean crops could largely increase the composition of potassium and total nitrogen and stabilized CO2 respiration from soil during one vegetative period.

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Chapman, Alexander, Stephen Darby, Emma Tompkins, Christopher Hackney, Julian Leyland, Pham Dang Tri Van, Thanh Vu Pham, Daniel Parsons, Rolf Aalto, and Andrew Nicholas. "Sustainable rice cultivation in the deep flooded zones of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta." Vietnam Journal of Science, Technology and Engineering 59, no. 2 (June 21, 2017): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjste.59(2).34.

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Голембіовська, С. Л., Т. В. Дворник, Л. В. Поліщук, and Б. П. Мацелюх. "VARIABILITY OF CAROTENOID-SYNTHETIC STRAINS STREPTOMYCES GLOBISPORUS 1912 AFTER DEEP CULTIVATION AND STORAGE." Microbiology&Biotechnology, no. 3(43) (September 30, 2018): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2307-4663.2018.3(43).142234.

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Jensen, Sigmund, Michael D. J. Lynch, Jessica L. Ray, Josh D. Neufeld, and Martin Hovland. "Norwegian deep-water coral reefs: cultivation and molecular analysis of planktonic microbial communities." Environmental Microbiology 17, no. 10 (July 7, 2014): 3597–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.12531.

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Watsuji, Tomo-o., Remi Tsubaki, Chong Chen, Yukiko Nagai, Satoshi Nakagawa, Masahiro Yamamoto, Daisuke Nishiura, Takashi Toyofuku, and Ken Takai. "Cultivation mutualism between a deep-sea vent galatheid crab and its chemosynthetic epibionts." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 127 (September 2017): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2017.04.012.

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Leshchenko, Serhii, Vasyl Salo, and Dmytro Petrenko. "Evaluation of the Efficiency of Soil with Deep Chiseling." National Interagency Scientific and Technical Collection of Works. Design, Production and Exploitation of Agricultural Machines, no. 50 (2020): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2414-3820.2020.50.3-11.

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Abstract:

The paper presents the evaluation of effectiveness of deep chiseling with the help of analytical methods. General objective of the work is to develop the method for describing theoretical interaction of operating parts of machines and tools with soil during main chiseling in the form of a stochastic process of successive hits of the operating part with a solid medium. The destruction of monoliths (uncultivated) soil during its cultivation was considered as a process of formation and subsequent evolution of dynamic cracks, the nature and amount of which, in a particular soil volume, is determined by the amount of energy absorbed by operating parts and the actual properties of cultivated soil. It should be taken into consideration that the spread of cracks during chiseling occurs by the lowest strength of connections between certain structural units, in fact organic inclusions, soil pores, moisture inclusions and other similar elements are the largest centers of formation, concentration and further development of cracks during cultivation. Interaction of operating parts of machines and tools with soil is most expedient to carry out modeling work in a thickness of the environment of a dihedral wedge taking into account mechanical structure of soil. It is established that the number of cracks and the size and number of lumps after cultivation are linearly dependent, which means that to qualitatively study the change in physical state, during chiseling with operating parts and tools, it is enough to study the process and evolution of cracking. As a result of the work performed, it is proved that the degree of soil grinding during its chiseling can be assessed by probability, and the quality of tools, that is the percentage of total mass of cultivated soil particles with the size not exceeding 50 mm. When modeling chiseling, the grinding process can be considered in the form of interaction of a dihedral wedge with a solid structured layer of soil with specified properties. The interaction of the chiseling operating part with the soil is accompanied by deformation of soil environment, increased stresses and cracks, which ultimately determine the shape and size of the crushed units. We believe that the number and nature of cracks that occur during tillage are in direct proportion to the size of the obtained units upon completion.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Deep cultivation'

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