Relevant bibliographies by topics / Deep and elongated lake

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Deep and elongated lake'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Deep and elongated lake"

1

Garita-Alvarado, Carlos A., and Claudia Patricia Ornelas-García. "Parallel Evolution of Allometric Trajectories of Trophic Morphology between Sympatric Morphs of Mesoamerican Astyanax (Characidae)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 30, 2021): 8020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178020.

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Parallel evolution of the body shape and trophic-related traits has been detected between sympatric pairs of lake-dwelling characin fishes in Mesoamerica. Here, we evaluated the variation in and the ontogenetic allometric trajectories of trophic morphology between sympatric Astyanax morphs (elongate and deep-body) in two geographic systems, Lake Catemaco (Mexico) and San Juan River basin (Nicaragua and Costa Rica). Using geometric morphometrics, we determined the shape variation and disparity in the premaxillary bone, and the patterns of allometric trajectories between morphs in each system. We found a higher differentiation and disparity in the premaxilla shape between morphs from San Juan River basin than between the Lake Catemaco ones. We found shared (parallel evolution) patterns of divergence between systems, which included allometric trajectories showing a positive correlation between the premaxilla shape and log centroid size, as well as trajectories being extended in the elongated-body morph (truncated in the deep-body morph). Regarding the unique patterns of divergence, we recovered parallel allometric trajectories between morphs from Lake Catemaco, while the San Juan River basin morphs showed divergent trajectories. Our results are congruent with the hypothesis that divergence in trophic morphology can be considered a triggering factor in the divergence in the genus Astyanax from Mesoamerica.
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Søe, Niels Emil, Aart Kroon, Bent Vad Odgaard, Holger Lykke-Andersen, and Søren Munch Kristiansen. "Bathymetric control of Holocene spit migration in a lacustrine environment." Holocene 28, no. 8 (May 3, 2018): 1245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618771498.

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Wave processes are well known for developing spit systems in large or elongated lakes by inducing longshore sediment transport for spit migration, while bathymetric interaction is less studied. In this study, we investigate the combined effects of wave processes, antecedent topography and lake level changes on the development of Holocene spit systems in the Danish lake Mossø. Wave climate prediction and a digital elevation model were used to provide a conceptual model for the development of the spits system, while optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of spit sand and antecedent topography analyzed via boreholes and seismic survey data were used to evaluate effects on spit migration other than wave setting. We found that spit migration stagnated during the Holocene when reaching areas of deeper waters, but continued following shallowing after deep basin infilling with lacustrine sediments. During periods of bathymetrically induced stagnation of prominent spits, less stable or more slowly migrating spits became prominent in the development of the spit system. No clear effects on spit migration caused by lake level fluctuations could be demonstrated. However, such fluctuations may have been important for the stabilization of spits and subsequent development of a major barrier shoreline.
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Makar, P. A., J. Zhang, W. Gong, C. Stroud, D. Sills, K. L. Hayden, J. Brook, et al. "Mass tracking for chemical analysis: the causes of ozone formation in southern Ontario during BAQS-Met 2007." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10, no. 22 (November 26, 2010): 11151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-11151-2010.

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Abstract. A three-level nested regional air pollution model has been used to study the processes leading to high ozone concentrations in the southern Great Lakes region of North America. The highest resolution simulations show that complex interactions between the lake-breeze circulation and the synoptic flow lead to significant enhancements in the photochemical production and transport of ozone at the local scale. Mass tracking of individual model processes show that Lakes Erie and St. Clair frequently act as photochemical ozone production regions, with average mid-day production rates of up to 3 ppbv per hour. Enhanced ozone levels are evident over these two lakes in 23-day-average surface ozone fields. Analysis of other model fields and aircraft measurements suggests that vertical circulation enhances ozone levels at altitudes up to 1500 m over Lake St. Clair, whereas subsidence enhances ozone over Lake Erie in a shallow layer only 250 m deep. Mass tracking of model transport shows that lake-breeze surface convergence zones combined with the synoptic flow can then carry ozone and its precursors hundreds of kilometers from these source areas, in narrow, elongated features. Comparison with surface mesonet ozone observations confirm the presence, magnitude, and timing of these features, which can create local ozone enhancements on the order of 30 ppbv above the regional ozone levels. Sensitivity analyses of model-predicted ozone and HOx concentrations show that most of the region is VOC-limited, and that the secondary oxidation pathways of aromatic hydrocarbons have a key role in setting the region's ozone and HOx levels.
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Bell, C. M., and M. Suarez. "The depositional environments and tectonic development of a Mesozoic intra-arc basin, Atacama Region, Chile." Geological Magazine 130, no. 4 (July 1993): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800020501.

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AbstractA thick succession of continental redbeds was deposited in a 50 km wide intra-arc basin on the Andean active continental margin in the Atacama region of northern Chile during early Cretaceous times. Upper Jurassic to early Cretaceous marine limestones were buried by the seaward progradation of a succession of coastal dunes, saline lakes and sandflats. Aeolian dune fields migrating towards the east across these coastal plains became stabilized by the growth of vegetation. Interdune alluvial areas between the sand dunes and dune fields developed into extensive alluvial braid plains which were in turn superimposed by alluvial fans. These fans were inundated by a regionally extensive saline lake produced by tectonic or volcanic damming of the sedimentary basin. This lake dried up leaving a large area of playa-lake mudflats. The climate was warm and semi-arid with a low and seasonal rainfall. Parts of the area supported a substantial vegetation of woody plants, together with a vertebrate fauna of dinosaurs, pterosaurs and crocodiles. The continental redbeds were derived from a volcanic source and were deposited on continental crust in a deep but narrow, north-south elongated, fault-bounded graben. This extensional basin formed in an intra-arc setting within an active andesitic volcanic chain. Upwards-coarsening sedimentary successions were the product of uplift of the fault-bounded margins of the basin.
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Chen, Fang. "Comparing Methods for Segmenting Supra-Glacial Lakes and Surface Features in the Mount Everest Region of the Himalayas Using Chinese GaoFen-3 SAR Images." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 2429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132429.

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Glaciers and numerous glacial lakes that are produced by glacier melting are key indicators of climate change. Often overlooked, supra-glacial lakes develop in the melting area in the low-lying part of a glacier and appear to be highly variable in their size, shape, and location. The lifespan of these lakes is thought to be quite transient, since the lakes may be completely filled by water and burst out within several weeks. Changes in supra-glacial lake outlines and other surface features such as supra-glacial rivers and crevasses on the glaciers are useful indicators for the direct monitoring of glacier changes. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is not affected by weather and climate, and is an effective tool for study of glaciated areas. The development of the Chinese GaoFen-3 (GF-3) SAR, which has high spatial and temporal resolution and high-precision observation performance, has made it possible to obtain dynamic information about glaciers in more detail. In this paper, the classical Canny operator, the variational B-spline level-set method, and U-Net-based deep-learning model were applied and compared to extract glacial lake outlines and other surface features using different modes and Chinese GF-3 SAR imagery in the Mount Everest Region of the Himalayas. Particularly, the U-Net-based deep-learning method, which was independent of auxiliary data and had a high degree of automation, was used for the first time in this context. The experimental results showed that the U-Net-based deep-learning model worked best in the segmentation of supra-glacial lakes in terms of accuracy (Precision = 98.45% and Recall = 95.82%) and segmentation efficiency, and was good at detecting small, elongated, and ice-covered supra-glacial lakes. We also found that it was useful for accurately identifying the location of supra-glacial streams and ice crevasses on glaciers, and quantifying their width. Finally, based on the time series of the mapping results, the spatial characteristics and temporal evolution of these features over the glaciers were comprehensively analyzed. Overall, this study presents a novel approach to improve the detection accuracy of glacier elements that could be leveraged for dynamic monitoring in future research.
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Bergmaier, Philip T., Bart Geerts, Leah S. Campbell, and W. James Steenburgh. "The OWLeS IOP2b Lake-Effect Snowstorm: Dynamics of the Secondary Circulation." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 7 (July 2017): 2437–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0462.1.

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Intense lake-effect snowfall results from a long-lake-axis-parallel (LLAP) precipitation band that often forms when the flow is parallel to the long axis of an elongated body of water, such as Lake Ontario. The intensity and persistence of the localized precipitation along the downwind shore and farther inland suggests the presence of a secondary circulation that helps organize such a band, and maintain it for some time as the circulation is advected inland. Unique airborne vertical-plane dual-Doppler radar data are used here to document this secondary circulation in a deep, well-organized LLAP band observed during intensive observing period (IOP) 2b of the Ontario Winter Lake-effect Systems (OWLeS) field campaign. The circulation, centered on a convective updraft, intensified toward the downwind shore and only gradually weakened inland. The question arises as to what sustains such a circulation in the vertical plane across the LLAP band. WRF Model simulations indicate that the primary LLAP band and other convergence zones observed over Lake Ontario during this IOP were initiated by relatively shallow airmass boundaries, resulting from a thermal contrast (i.e., land-breeze front) and differential surface roughness across the southern shoreline. Airborne radar data near the downwind shore of the lake indicate that the secondary circulation was much deeper than these shallow boundaries and was sustained primarily by rather symmetric solenoidal forcing, enhanced by latent heat release within the updraft region.
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NAGY, BÉLA, and BRIAN R. WATTERS. "Lacustricola margaritatus, a new species of lampeye from the Lake Victoria and Lake Kyoga basins in eastern Africa (Cyprinodontiformes: Procatopodidae)." Zootaxa 5128, no. 1 (April 19, 2022): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5128.1.2.

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Lacustricola margaritatus, a new species inhabiting small streams and swamps in the Lake Victoria basin in north-western Tanzania and southern Uganda, and the Lake Kyoga basin in central Uganda, is described. Lacustricola margaritatus is a small species with a moderately deep body, moderate dimorphism and pronounced dichromatism. It is distinguished from all other Procatopodidae by the following unique combination of characters: live male body colour pattern with vertically-elongated iridescent light blue patches at scale centres, forming a striped appearance of dotted longitudinal lines on the flanks, particularly evident in the two or three series below the mid-longitudinal line; male having deeply coloured unpaired fins with orange-brown in the proximal and median parts and a narrow black distal band; male with a yellow base along the pectoral fin; female with dark grey scale margins and dark grey patches on scales along mid-longitudinal series creating a narrow dark grey stripe; both sexes showing inconspicuous postopercular blotch; and in both sexes, the cephalic sensory system is entirely situated in open grooves at all levels. The new species has previously often been misidentified as L. pumilus, originally described as inhabiting the Lake Tanganyika basin in north-eastern Zambia, or 'L.' centralis, from the Lake Rukwa basin in south-western Tanzania. Lacustricola margaritatus differs from the above two species by morphometric and meristic characters, body and fin colouration, and in arrangement of the cephalic sensory system.
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Doda, Tomy, Cintia L. Ramón, Hugo N. Ulloa, Alfred Wüest, and Damien Bouffard. "Seasonality of density currents induced by differential cooling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 331–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-331-2022.

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Abstract. When lakes experience surface cooling, the shallow littoral region cools faster than the deep pelagic waters. The lateral density gradient resulting from this differential cooling can trigger a cold downslope density current that intrudes at the base of the mixed layer during stratified conditions. This process is known as a thermal siphon (TS). TSs flush the littoral region and increase water exchange between nearshore and pelagic zones; thus, they may potentially impact the lake ecosystem. Past observations of TSs in lakes are limited to specific cooling events. Here, we focus on the seasonality of TS-induced lateral transport and investigate how seasonally varying forcing conditions control the occurrence and intensity of TSs. This research interprets 1-year-long TS observations from Rotsee (Switzerland), a small wind-sheltered temperate lake with an elongated shallow region. We demonstrate that TSs occur for more than 50 % of the days from late summer to winter and efficiently flush the littoral region within ∼10 h. We further quantify the occurrence, intensity, and timing of TSs over seasonal timescales. The conditions for TS formation become optimal in autumn when the duration of the cooling phase is longer than the time necessary to initiate a TS. The decrease in surface cooling by 1 order of magnitude from summer to winter reduces the lateral transport by a factor of 2. We interpret this transport seasonality with scaling relationships relating the daily averaged cross-shore velocity, unit-width discharge, and flushing timescale to the surface buoyancy flux, mixed-layer depth, and lake bathymetry. The timing and duration of diurnal flushing by TSs relate to daily heating and cooling phases. The longer cooling phase in autumn increases the flushing duration and delays the time of maximal flushing relative to the summer diurnal cycle. Given their scalability, the results reported here can be used to assess the relevance of TSs in other lakes and reservoirs.
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Jawad, L. A., M. M. S. Farrag, and J. M. Park. "Interspecific and intraspecific differences in pectoral-fins spine morphology in Nile River and Lake Nasser catfishes, Siluriformes." Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS 325, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 308–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/trudyzin/2021.325.3.308.

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The structure of the pectoral fins spine of 4 catfish species Heterobranchus longifilis, Clarias gariepinus, Chrysichthys auratus, Synodontis schall and Synodontis serratus were described. The fish specimens were collected from Asyut City and Lake Nasser about 319 and 900 Km south of the capital Cairo, Egypt respectively on 10 November 2017 are described. The species examined showed variation in the shape of the spine-shaft tip varies from finely to broadly and rounded pointed; the curvature of the spine-shaft is either straight or curved partially or complete; the anterior serrae varies between is either broad or irregular; the anterior ridge groove is well developed, deep, and curved, with some pores in some species; the anterior dentations varies between short and sometimes are merged together or curved and their number decreased towards the tip; the posterior dentations can vary between absent or long and numerous and sometimes increased in their number towards the tip of the spine; the dorsal, anterior and ventral processes are well developed structures, with rounded, flange-like, and the shape of the basal fossa varies in having narrow, elongated, boat-shape, with high walls at sides; and very wide fossa and lunate in shape. It is usually deep with high walls.
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DIAS, ELISEU VIEIRA. "A new deep-bodied fossil fish (Actinopterygii) from the Rio do Rasto Formation, Paraná Basin, Brazil." Zootaxa 3192, no. 1 (February 14, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3192.1.1.

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Fossil fishes from the Paraná Basin are represented by actinopterygians, chondrichthyans, coelacanths and dipnoans. This diverseichthyofauna comprises mainly fragmentary material with few complete specimens. This paper presents a new Upper Permianray-finned fish from the Rio do Rasto Formation of the Paraná Basin, southern Brazil. The holotype and only known specimen ofParanaichthys longianalis gen. nov. et sp. nov. is an almost complete poorly preserved specimen of a deep-bodied fish that be-longs to the collection of the Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia-PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. The head is slightly deep posteriorlyand the oral cavity presents a crushing dentition. The anal fin is remarkably large and long. The heterocercal caudal fin presentsthe chordal and hypochordal lobe equally in size. Flank scales are deeper than long and covered with ganoine. The dermal bonesare also covered by ganoine and present elongated odontodes. The rostral region and the anterior portion of the mandible are cov-ered with conical odontodes. The elongated and long based anal fin is considered apomorphic for this new fish. A reconstructionattempting to correct taphonomic distortions is presented. The systematic relationships of the new taxon suggest that it is relatedto the platysomids. Its crushing dentition indicates a diet based on hardfood, such as conchostraceans and small mollusks, bothvery common in the Rio do Rasto Formation. The new genus and species inhabited rivers and lakes during the Wordian-Captanian (Guadalupian, Permian 268 to 260 M.y.).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Deep and elongated lake"

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Amadori, Marina. "On the physical drivers of transport processes in Lake Garda: A combined analytical, numerical and observational investigation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/260790.

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This doctoral thesis provides the first comprehensive study on the physical processes controlling hydrodynamics and transport in Lake Garda. The investigation is carried out in parallel on three different levels: data collection and analysis, three-dimensional numerical modeling and theoretical study. On the first level, data are collected by building up a network of research institutes and local administrations in the lake area. New data are acquired through traditional field campaigns (CTD, thermistor chains, satellite imagery), while a citizen-science approach, based on local knowledge harvesting, is successfully tested to gather qualitative data on surface circulation. On the second level, a three-dimensional modeling chain is set up, by coupling one-way a mesoscale atmospheric model to a hydrodynamic model. Both models are validated on multiple temporal and spatial scales, allowing to identify the main interactions between the weather forcing and the hydrodynamic response of the lake. Circulations in Lake Garda are found to be very sensitive to the thermal stratification, to the spatial distribution of the wind forcing and to the Earth’s rotation. Surface cyclonic gyre patterns develop in the lake as a residual outcome of alternating wind forcing of local breezes and differential acceleration induced by Earth’s rotation, whereas unidirectional currents flow under a nearly uniform and constant wind. Both model and observations evidences show that, under weak thermal stratification, Ekman transport activates a secondary circulations in the northern part of the lake, driving surface water to the deep layers and possibly preconditioning the lake for subsequent buoyancy-driven deep mixing events. On the third level, the relevance of the Coriolis term in the equations of motion for relatively narrow closed basins is analytically addressed. The classical Ekman problem is solved by including the presence of lateral boundaries and a new analytical solution is formulated. The validity of the new solution is proved by numerical tests of idealized domains of different size, geographical location and turbulent regime, and on Lake Garda as a real test case. The meaningful length scales are discussed, and the significance of Rossby radious as a reference horizontal scale is disproved for steady-state circulations driven by wind and planetary rotation.
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Amadori, Marina. "On the physical drivers of transport processes in Lake Garda: A combined analytical, numerical and observational investigation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/260790.

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This doctoral thesis provides the first comprehensive study on the physical processes controlling hydrodynamics and transport in Lake Garda. The investigation is carried out in parallel on three different levels: data collection and analysis, three-dimensional numerical modeling and theoretical study. On the first level, data are collected by building up a network of research institutes and local administrations in the lake area. New data are acquired through traditional field campaigns (CTD, thermistor chains, satellite imagery), while a citizen-science approach, based on local knowledge harvesting, is successfully tested to gather qualitative data on surface circulation. On the second level, a three-dimensional modeling chain is set up, by coupling one-way a mesoscale atmospheric model to a hydrodynamic model. Both models are validated on multiple temporal and spatial scales, allowing to identify the main interactions between the weather forcing and the hydrodynamic response of the lake. Circulations in Lake Garda are found to be very sensitive to the thermal stratification, to the spatial distribution of the wind forcing and to the Earth’s rotation. Surface cyclonic gyre patterns develop in the lake as a residual outcome of alternating wind forcing of local breezes and differential acceleration induced by Earth’s rotation, whereas unidirectional currents flow under a nearly uniform and constant wind. Both model and observations evidences show that, under weak thermal stratification, Ekman transport activates a secondary circulations in the northern part of the lake, driving surface water to the deep layers and possibly preconditioning the lake for subsequent buoyancy-driven deep mixing events. On the third level, the relevance of the Coriolis term in the equations of motion for relatively narrow closed basins is analytically addressed. The classical Ekman problem is solved by including the presence of lateral boundaries and a new analytical solution is formulated. The validity of the new solution is proved by numerical tests of idealized domains of different size, geographical location and turbulent regime, and on Lake Garda as a real test case. The meaningful length scales are discussed, and the significance of Rossby radious as a reference horizontal scale is disproved for steady-state circulations driven by wind and planetary rotation.
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3

Buktenica, M. W. "Ecology of kokanee salmon and rainbow trout in Crater Lake, a deep ultraoligotrophic caldera lake (Oregon) /." View full-text version online through Crater Lake Digital Research Collection, 1988. http://craterlakelib.oit.edu/u?/craterlake,195.

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Riley, Jacob W. "Predation Pressure on Emergent Lake Trout Fry in Lake Champlain and Techniques for Assessing Lake Trout Reproduction in Deep-Water Habitats." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/195.

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Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were extirpated from Lake Champlain around 1900 and from the lower four Great Lakes by 1960. Their ecological, commercial and recreational importance has prompted extensive restoration efforts. Despite widespread evidence of natural reproduction by stocked lake trout, there is minimal evidence of survival of wild progeny beyond age-0. Various abiotic and biotic impediments may be preventing self-sustaining lake trout populations from becoming established. Unsuccessful restoration in shallow areas has recently prompted a shift to restoration efforts to offshore, deep reefs in the Great Lakes. The first objective of this study was to develop, test, and implement methods for evaluating lake trout reproduction in deep water, where previously established techniques were ineffective. The second objective addressed the recruitment bottleneck between the emergent fry and juvenile life stages in Lake Champlain, by assessing the severity of predation on lake trout fry by epi-benthic fish. In order to quantify egg density on deep-water habitats (>18 m), we paired a deep-water egg trap with egg bags to establish a relationship between the two types of gear in Lake Champlain. There was no significant difference between densities in the egg bags and deep-water traps, but there was a positive correlation of their ranks (correlation coefficient = 0.514, p<0.0001). The deep-water traps were then used in Lake Michigan to successfully acquire the first egg density data from two sites on the deep Mid Lake Reef Complex. A drop electroshocker was developed to detect fry presence and tested in Lake Champlain in conjunction with emergent fry traps. Both types of gear exhibited similar patterns of fry relative abundance. To assess fry predation in Lake Champlain, two-hour gillnet sets during the period of fry emergence to identify fry predators and to describe how predation patterns changed diurnally and temporally. Seven species of epi-benthic fry predators were identified, including five species that had not been previously identified as fry predators. Yellow perch and rock bass dominated the predator community at two study sites (83% of total catch, N=1179, 77% of all fry predators, N=57). Predator presence and fry consumption was almost entirely nocturnal. There was a linear aggregational response in predator CPUE (fish/hr) to increasing fry relative abundance (p<0.033) but confirmed predators did not exhibit a functional response. There was evidence of a threshold of fry relative abundance at 1 fry/trap/day for the onset and conclusion of fry predation. Temperature was a driving factor in the timing of fry emergence and predator abundance, allowing us to predict the relative impact of predators based on temperature scenarios. Only 5% of the potential predators consumed fry. We used empirical probabilities of consumption to model loss of fry due to predation. This consumption model revealed that predator abundances would have to be extremely high for predation to significantly reduce the population of fry. However, given the relatively high species richness of predators observed at the shallow water study sites, lake trout fry survival is likely to be higher at deep, offshore reefs. These results support the recent shift in restoration efforts to focus on deep reefs.
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Demian, Catalin. "Shoreline erosion in Deep Creek Lake, Maryland patterns, trends and economic implications /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5200.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 42 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-37).
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Piccolroaz, Sebastiano. "Deep ventilation in Lake Baikal: a simplified model for a complex natural phenomenon." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368106.

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Lake Baikal (Southern Siberia) is the world's oldest, deepest and largest freshwater body by volume. In spite of its enormous depth, episodically (i.e. almost twice a year) large volumes of surface, cold and oxygenated water sink towards the bottom of the lake. This phenomenon is known as deep ventilation and determines the periodical, partial renewal of deep water, playing a key role in the ecology of the whole lacustrine system. Despite deep ventilation has been widely observed, still significant uncertainties exist about the detailed characterization of deep downwellings. In order to tackle this issue, a simplified, one-dimensional numerical model has been developed, which allows for a suitable simulation of deep ventilation in profound lakes. Three main algorithms are at the basis of the model: a reaction-diffusion equation for temperature and other tracers (e.g. dissolved oxygen), and two Lagrangian algorithms, the first to handle buoyancy-driven convection due to density instability (including thermobaric effects) and the other to reproduce the deep downwelling mechanism. Thanks to its simple structure, such a model ensures a considerable computational speed that makes it suitable to perform long-term simulations (i.e. decades, centuries). At the same time, it has been shown to be appropriate for quantitatively and qualitatively simulating deep ventilation, well capturing the relative contribution of the different processes involved. The model has been applied to investigate deep ventilation in the South Basin of Lake Baikal. The numerical results have been shown to be in good agreement with observed data (concerning temperature, CFC-12 and dissolved oxygen profiles), indicating a proper performance of the core algorithms. The analysis of results allowed for a detailed description of the major mixing and thermal dynamics of the lake, and for an in-depth characterization of deep water renewal (e.g. typical downwelling temperatures and volumes, vertical distribution of sinking water, energy balance). Numerical simulations have been performed under current conditions and climate change scenarios, thus permitting to assess the future behavior of the lake and the possible impact on deep ventilation, in response to the expected evolution of climate. In addition to the main results discussed above, this study provided some additional outcomes: a simplified lumped model to convert air temperature into surface water temperature of lakes, and a novel downscaling procedure to transform meteorological data (i.e. wind speed and air temperature) from the global scale to the lake scale. In the light of the proven performance of the deep ventilation model, further improvements of the model could bring to the development of a suitable module to simulate biogeochemical processes in the lake, thus providing valuable information to assess the role of deep ventilation in affecting the lake ecosystem.
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Indranil, Mukherjee. "Ecology of kinetoplastid flagellates in freshwater deep lakes of Japan." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217135.

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Schaller, Tobias Lukas. "Redox-sensitive metals in recent lake sediments proxy-indicators of deep-water oxygen and climate conditions /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1996. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11901.

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Steponaitis, Elena Anne. "Deep-lake carbonates and speleothems as high-resolution archives of paleohydrology in the Bonneville Basin, UT." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103248.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Precisely dated terrestrial paleoclimate records are indispensable for understanding how different regions respond to global-scale climate variability. Here, we focus on developing precisely dated records from the Bonneville Basin, a large basin in the eastern U.S. Great Basin. This region is known to have been highly sensitive to hydroclimate changes during the past glacial period; closed-basin lakes in this region have been studied for over a century. We present lake and speleothem records from the Bonneville Basin that are anchored by high-precision U-Th ages. Deep-lake carbonates are deposits that form beneath the surface of lakes in crevices and protected spaces. We explore these deposits as an archive of past hydrological change in the Bonneville Basin. Deep-lake carbonates deposits were collected from varying elevations in the basin and microsampled for U-Th dating. The results of this work improve constraints on existing lake level information for Lake Bonneville. Additionally, we present [delta]234U data from these carbonates that records changes in weathering, and by extension, hydrology, in the Bonneville Basin. 87Sr/86Sr ratios of deep-lake carbonates reflect relative changes in fluvial input between the northern and southern sub-basins of the Bonneville Basin, allowing for the reconstruction of past precipitation patterns. This record shows that there were distinctly different patterns of atmospheric circulation over the Bonneville Basin during Heinrich Event 2 and the Last Glacial Maximum. Finally, we present records Mg/Ca ratios and [delta]13C values of speleothems from Lehman Caves, NV, located on the western edge of the Bonneville Basin. These records suggest that the onset of mid- Holocene drying in the Great Basin was at 8.2 ka, coincident with the collapse of the Laurentide Ice Sheet.
by Elena Anne Steponaitis.
Ph. D.
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Heise, Janine [Verfasser], and Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner. "Phylogenetic and physiological characterization of deep-biosphere microorganisms in El’gygytgyn Crater Lake sediments / Janine Heise ; Betreuer: Dirk Wagner." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1218403055/34.

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Books on the topic "Deep and elongated lake"

1

Moore, Lisa. A deep blue lake. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2004.

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Ed, King. Famous boats of Deep Creek Lake. Swanton, MD: Ed King, 2013.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Shark Lake. New York: Onyx, 2001.

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Doolan, T. A. The complete fishing guide to Deep Creek Lake. Terra Alta, W. Va: Headline Books, 1992.

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Deep Betrayal: Lies Beneath #2. New York: Delacorte Press, 2013.

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Hitchon, Brian, S. Bachu, A. T. Lytviak, E. H. Perkins, and J. R. Underschultz. Evaluation of effects of deep waste injection in the Cold Lake area, Alberta. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Geological Survey, Alberta Research Council, 1989.

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L, Hodges Arthur. Estimated average annual alkalinity of six streams entering Deep Creek Lake, Garrett County, Maryland. Denver, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985.

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L, Hodges Arthur. Estimated average annual alkalinity of six streams entering Deep Creek Lake, Garrett County, Maryland. Denver, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985.

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Maryland Power Plant Siting Program and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Estimated average annual alkalinity of six streams entering Deep Creek Lake, Garrett County, Maryland. Denver, Colo: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1985.

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L, Larson Gary, Collier Robert W. 1952-, and Buktenica Mark W, eds. Long-term limnological research and monitoring at Crater Lake, Oregon: A benchmark study of a deep and exceptionally clear montane caldera lake. Dordrecht: Springer, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Deep and elongated lake"

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Alcocer, Javier, Elva Escobar, Luis A. Oseguera, and María del Carmen Hernández. "The Deep Benthic Zone." In Lake Alchichica Limnology, 289–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79096-7_17.

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Wen, Jinfeng, Peng-Fei Han, Zhangbing Zhou, and Xu-Sheng Wang. "Lake-Level Prediction Leveraging Deep Neural Network." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 23–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78078-8_3.

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Nelson, C. H., E. B. Karabanov, and S. M. Colman. "Late Quaternary turbidite systems in Lake Baikal, Russia." In Atlas of Deep Water Environments, 29–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1234-5_7.

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Oliva, Ma Guadalupe, Alfonso Lugo, Javier Alcocer, Laura Peralta, and Ma del Rosario Sánchez. "Phytoplankton dynamics in a deep, tropical, hyposaline lake." In Saline Lakes, 299–306. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2934-5_27.

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DeNicola, D. M. "The representation of living diatom communities in deep-water sedimentary diatom assemblages in two Maine (U.S.A.) lakes." In Diatoms and Lake Acidity, 73–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4808-2_7.

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Salmaso, Nico, Fabio Decet, and Paolo Cordella. "Understanding deep oligotrophic subalpine lakes for efficient management." In The Ecological Bases for Lake and Reservoir Management, 253–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3282-6_23.

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Smith, R. D. A. "Architecture of turbidite sandstone bodies in a rift-lake setting, Gabon Basin, offshore Gabon." In Atlas of Deep Water Environments, 255–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1234-5_38.

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Bagge, P., H.-M. Liimatainen, and P. Liljaniemi. "Comparison of sampling methods for semipelagic animals in two deep basins of Lake Saimaa." In The First International Lake Ladoga Symposium, 293–300. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1655-5_45.

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Dokulil, Martin, and Claudia Skolaut. "Succession of phytoplankton in a deep stratifying lake: Mondsee, Austria." In Seasonality of Freshwater Phytoplankton, 9–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4818-1_2.

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Weinberg, E., I. Weinberg, S. Efremova, A. Tanichev, and Y. Masuda. "Late Pliocene Spongial Fauna in Lake Baikal (from Material from the Deep Drilling Core BDP-96-1)." In Long Continental Records from Lake Baikal, 283–93. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67859-5_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Deep and elongated lake"

1

Sun, Hai-Han, Yee Hui Lee, Abdulkadir C. Yucel, Genevieve Ow, and Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof. "Elongated Object Orientation Estimation Based on Deep Neural Networks." In 2021 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting (APS/URSI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps/ursi47566.2021.9704549.

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Kitazawa, Daisuke, Takero Yoshida, Jinxin Zhou, and Sanggyu Park. "Comparative Study on Vertical Circulation in Deep Lakes: Lake Biwa and Lake Ikeda." In 2018 OCEANS - MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean (OTO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanskobe.2018.8558877.

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Ramirez, Adam E., Jeffrey R. Knott, Jeffrey S. Pigati, Jordon Bright, and Jeffrey C. Nekola. "PLUVIAL LAKE DEPOSITS OF DEEP SPRINGS VALLEY, CALIFORNIA." In 112th Annual GSA Cordilleran Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016cd-274420.

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Farrington, Elise, Donald Rodbell, Mark Abbott, Pedro Tapia, Joseph Stoner, Rob Hatfield, Nicholas Weidhaas, et al. "INITIAL RESULTS FROM DEEP DRILLING LAKE JUNIN, PERU." In 51st Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016ne-272438.

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Rjabov, Evgenii V., and Boris Tarashansky. "Monitoring of optical properties of deep lake water." In 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.395.1034.

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Robertson, Niall, and Mike Brannon. "Deep Lake Water Intakes: Construction, Operation, and Maintenance of the City of Toronto and Enwave Corporation Deep Lake Water Intakes." In Pipelines 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481660.037.

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TAPPER, ALEX. "DEEP INELASTIC SCATTERING AT HIGH Q2." In Proceedings of the Sixteenth Lake Louise Winter Institute. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777706_0038.

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Al-Abri, Omar S., Tasneem Pervez, and Majid H. Al-Maharbi. "Mechanical and Microstructural Changes of Fine Grained C-Mn Steel Tubular Undergoing Down-Hole Cold Expansion Process." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51568.

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As easily recoverable hydrocarbon resources are depleting, the oil and gas industry focuses more on producing oil and gas from ultra-deep, tight and scattered pockets of reserves. However, these recoveries are not only difficult and expensive, but also require the development of new technologies and materials that can meet stringent requirements regarding operation in sub-surface environment. The emergence of expandable tubular in the late 1990s has opened a new avenue for oil and gas wells design and remediation processes. However, these tubular go through large expansion in diameter at kilometers depths in onshore and offshore wells. This alters the post expansion mechanical and microstructural properties of the tubular that may lead to premature failure during operation. The idea of understanding such variations revolve around complex mechanisms occurring at micro level including multiphase microstructure, grains sizes and morphology, and crystallographic orientations. Initial grains morphology and distribution of phases, and the subsequent changes due to the expansion process lead to significant variations in material properties at macro level. Optical micrographs showed that the expandable tubular material is composed of fine grained microstructure of ferrite phase with some traces of martensite and plate-like structures. Induced martensite results from the phase transformation of metastable austenite induced by thermomechanical processing applied during the manufacturing stage. A reasonable presence of martensite phase in the tubular material enhances its structural integrity, collapse and burst strengths, as well as provides a safeguard against possible mechanical failures such as buckling. On the other hand, the ferrite phase is a soft phase and its presence improves the formability of the tubular resulting in higher expansion ratio. It was also observed that the grains size is affected by the tubular expansion. The presence of elongated grains in the microstructure is due to the excessive deformation as well as the crystallographic reorientation of grains due to the course of tubular expansion. However, no strong texture has been found in the expanded tubular material, which may be attributed to the complex nature of loadings induced during the expansion process. In order to understand the influence of tubular expansion process on mechanical properties of tubular, samples from un-expanded and expanded sections of the tubular (expanded at 16%, 20% and 24% of the tubular original inner diameter) are investigated using standard mechanical testing procedures. Mechanical testing results revealed an increase in yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and hardness, whereas ductility and impact toughness tend to decrease. Fracture surface analysis of fractured tensile samples has also been done using scanning electron microscope (SEM). At lower expansion ratio, fracture surface micrographs revealed a predominantly ductile nature of failure with clusters of fine microscopic dimples intermingled with voids. However, at higher expansion ratio, the test specimens revealed a mixed mode of failure with both brittle and ductile features.
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Smith, Larry N., Jan-Pieter Buylaert, Reza Sohbati, Olav B. Lian, and Mayank Jain. "OPTICAL AGES FOR DEEP LAST-GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA, MONTANA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-279899.

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Gallorini, Andrea, and Jean-Luc Loizeau. "Methylmercury in suspended particles of a peri-alpine deep lake." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7340.

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Reports on the topic "Deep and elongated lake"

1

Tella, S. Geology, Amer Lake (66H), Deep Rose Lake (66G) and parts of Pelly Lake (66F). Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/194789.

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St-Onge, D. A., and D. E. Kerr. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Deep Rose Lake, Nunavut, NTS 66-G north. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296667.

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St-Onge, D. A., and D. E. Kerr. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Deep Rose Lake, Nunavut, NTS 66-G north. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/298699.

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Dredge, L. A. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Deep Rose Lake south, Nunavut, NTS 66-G south. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/314862.

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Ondov, J. M., J. A. Dodd, and J. A. Tuncel. Investigation of submicrometer aerosols for apportioning the impacts of airborne particulate matter at Deep Creek Lake: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6282970.

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Salter, R., Quyen Dong, Cody Coleman, Maria Seale, Alicia Ruvinsky, LaKenya Walker, and W. Bond. Data Lake Ecosystem Workflow. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40203.

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The Engineer Research and Development Center, Information Technology Laboratory’s (ERDC-ITL’s) Big Data Analytics team specializes in the analysis of large-scale datasets with capabilities across four research areas that require vast amounts of data to inform and drive analysis: large-scale data governance, deep learning and machine learning, natural language processing, and automated data labeling. Unfortunately, data transfer between government organizations is a complex and time-consuming process requiring coordination of multiple parties across multiple offices and organizations. Past successes in large-scale data analytics have placed a significant demand on ERDC-ITL researchers, highlighting that few individuals fully understand how to successfully transfer data between government organizations; future project success therefore depends on a small group of individuals to efficiently execute a complicated process. The Big Data Analytics team set out to develop a standardized workflow for the transfer of large-scale datasets to ERDC-ITL, in part to educate peers and future collaborators on the process required to transfer datasets between government organizations. Researchers also aim to increase workflow efficiency while protecting data integrity. This report provides an overview of the created Data Lake Ecosystem Workflow by focusing on the six phases required to efficiently transfer large datasets to supercomputing resources located at ERDC-ITL.
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Paulen, R. C., J. M. Rice, and M. Ross. Surficial geology, Lac aux Goélands, Quebec, NTS 23-P southeast. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328291.

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The Lac aux Goélands area is of moderate relief characterized by till blankets in the lowlands and till veneers with large expanses of bedrock outcrops in the western and eastern margins. Bedrock was variably eroded by the Laurentide Ice Sheet, east of the Ancestral Labrador ice divide. Phases of ice flow imparted multiple sets of glacially streamlined landforms and erosional paleo-flow indicators on the landscape. However, the dominant eastward-trending, elongated streamlined landforms were formed by ice streaming during deglaciation. Multiple sets of discordant meltwater channels were formed from both an early phase of deglaciation, which fed into an eastward-trending esker network, and a subsequent late-phase ablation of the ice sheet, with north-south trending channels parallel to the retreating ice margin. Glaciolacustrine strandlines and littoral sediments within the upper George River basin mark the former northeastern extent of inundation of the earliest phase of glacial Lake Naskaupi.
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Harris, L. B., P. Adiban, and E. Gloaguen. The role of enigmatic deep crustal and upper mantle structures on Au and magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr mineralization in the Superior Province. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328984.

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Aeromagnetic and ground gravity data for the Canadian Superior Province, filtered to extract long wavelength components and converted to pseudo-gravity, highlight deep, N-S trending regional-scale, rectilinear faults and margins to discrete, competent mafic or felsic granulite blocks (i.e. at high angles to most regional mapped structures and sub-province boundaries) with little to no surface expression that are spatially associated with lode ('orogenic') Au and Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr occurrences. Statistical and machine learning analysis of the Red Lake-Stormy Lake region in the W Superior Province confirms visual inspection for a greater correlation between Au deposits and these deep N-S structures than with mapped surface to upper crustal, generally E-W trending, faults and shear zones. Porphyry Au, Ni, Mo and U-Th showings are also located above these deep transverse faults. Several well defined concentric circular to elliptical structures identified in the Oxford Stull and Island Lake domains along the S boundary of the N Superior proto-craton, intersected by N- to NNW striking extensional fractures and/or faults that transect the W Superior Province, again with little to no direct surface or upper crustal expression, are spatially associated with magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE-Cr and related mineralization and Au occurrences. The McFaulds Lake greenstone belt, aka. 'Ring of Fire', constitutes only a small, crescent-shaped belt within one of these concentric features above which 2736-2733 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions bodies were intruded. The Big Trout Lake igneous complex that hosts Cr-Pt-Pd-Rh mineralization west of the Ring of Fire lies within a smaller concentrically ringed feature at depth and, near the Ontario-Manitoba border, the Lingman Lake Au deposit, numerous Au occurrences and minor Ni showings, are similarly located on concentric structures. Preliminary magnetotelluric (MT) interpretations suggest that these concentric structures appear to also have an expression in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) and that lithospheric mantle resistivity features trend N-S as well as E-W. With diameters between ca. 90 km to 185 km, elliptical structures are similar in size and internal geometry to coronae on Venus which geomorphological, radar, and gravity interpretations suggest formed above mantle upwellings. Emplacement of mafic-ultramafic bodies hosting Ni-Cr-PGE mineralization along these ringlike structures at their intersection with coeval deep transverse, ca. N-S faults (viz. phi structures), along with their location along the margin to the N Superior proto-craton, are consistent with secondary mantle upwellings portrayed in numerical models of a mantle plume beneath a craton with a deep lithospheric keel within a regional N-S compressional regime. Early, regional ca. N-S faults in the W Superior were reactivated as dilatational antithetic (secondary Riedel/R') sinistral shears during dextral transpression and as extensional fractures and/or normal faults during N-S shortening. The Kapuskasing structural zone or uplift likely represents Proterozoic reactivation of a similar deep transverse structure. Preservation of discrete faults in the deep crust beneath zones of distributed Neoarchean dextral transcurrent to transpressional shear zones in the present-day upper crust suggests a 'millefeuille' lithospheric strength profile, with competent SCLM, mid- to deep, and upper crustal layers. Mechanically strong deep crustal felsic and mafic granulite layers are attributed to dehydration and melt extraction. Intra-crustal decoupling along a ductile décollement in the W Superior led to the preservation of early-formed deep structures that acted as conduits for magma transport into the overlying crust and focussed hydrothermal fluid flow during regional deformation. Increase in the thickness of semi-brittle layers in the lower crust during regional metamorphism would result in an increase in fracturing and faulting in the lower crust, facilitating hydrothermal and carbonic fluid flow in pathways linking SCLM to the upper crust, a factor explaining the late timing for most orogenic Au. Results provide an important new dataset for regional prospectively mapping, especially with machine learning, and exploration targeting for Au and Ni-Cr-Cu-PGE mineralization. Results also furnish evidence for parautochthonous development of the S Superior Province during plume-related rifting and cannot be explained by conventional subduction and arc-accretion models.
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Mohammadi, N., D. Corrigan, A. A. Sappin, and N. Rayner. Evidence for a Neoarchean to earliest-Paleoproterozoic mantle metasomatic event prior to formation of the Mesoproterozoic-age Strange Lake REE deposit, Newfoundland and Labrador, and Quebec, Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330866.

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A complete suite of bulk major- and trace-elements measurements combined with macroscopic/microscopic observations and mineralogy guided by scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) analyses were applied on Nekuashu (2.55 Ga) and Pelland (2.32 Ga) intrusions in northern Canada, near the Strange Lake rare earth elements (REE) deposit, to evaluate their magmatic evolution and possible relations to the Mesoproterozoic Strange Lake Peralkaline Complex (SLPC). These Neoarchean to earliest-Paleoproterozoic intrusions, part of the Core Zone in southeastern Churchill Province, comprise mainly hypersolvus suites, including hornblendite, gabbro, monzogabbro/monzodiorite, monzonite, syenite/augite-syenite, granodiorite, and mafic diabase/dyke. However, the linkage of the suites and their petrogenesis are poorly understood. Geochemical evidence suggests a combination of 'intra-crustal multi-stage differentiation', mainly controlled by fractional crystallization (to generate mafic to felsic suites), and 'accumulation' (to form hornblendite suite) was involved in the evolution history of this system. Our model proposes that hornblendite and mafic to felsic intrusive rocks of both intrusions share a similar basaltic parent magma, generated from melting of a hydrous metasomatized mantle source that triggered an initial REE and incompatible element enrichment that prepared the ground for the subsequent enrichment in the SLPC. Geochemical signature of the hornblendite suite is consistent with a cumulate origin and its formation during the early stages of the magma evolution, however, the remaining suites were mainly controlled by 'continued fractional crystallization' processes, producing more evolved suites: gabbronorite/hornblende-gabbro ? monzogabbro/monzodiorite ? monzonite ? syenite/augite-syenite. In this proposed model, the hydrous mantle-derived basaltic magma was partly solidified to form the mafic suites (gabbronorite/hornblende-gabbro) by early-stage plagioclase-pyroxene-amphibole fractionation in the deep crust while settling of the early crystallized hornblende (+pyroxene) led to the formation of the hornblendite cumulates. The subsequent fractionation of plagioclase, pyroxene, and amphibole from the residual melt produced the more intermediate suites of monzogabbro/monzodiorite. The evolved magma ascended upward into the shallow crust to form monzonite by K-feldspar fractionation. The residual melt then intruded at shallower depth to form syenite/augite-syenite with abundant microcline crystals. The granodiorite suite was probably generated from lower crustal melts associated with the mafic end members. Later mafic diabase/dykes were likely generated by further partial melting of the same source at depth that were injected into the other suites.
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Alexander, Timothy, and Ole Seehausen. Diversity, distribution and community composition of fish in perialpine lakes. "Projet Lac" synthesis report. Eawag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55408/eawag:24051.

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Projet Lac was a large project conducted by Eawag and the University of Bern to quantitatively survey, for the first time, whole-lake fish communities in the large and deep lakes in and around the European Alps using multiple, standardised sampling methods. Starting in 2010, in total 35 lakes were investigated across Switzerland, Italy, France, Germany and Austria, with more than 106 fish species recorded. This report brings together key findings, compares fish communities among lakes, investigates their relationship to environmental parameters, and provides an overview of drivers of biodiversity and community structure in this important ecosystem.
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