Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Découverte des modèles de comportements'
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Hamdi, Marwa. "Modélisation des processus utilisateurs à partir des traces d’exécution, application aux systèmes d’information faiblement structurés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS036.
Full textThis research focuses on extracting users’ journeys in a digital library characterized by weakly structured business processes. In this thesis, we investigate whether it is possible to model user journeys using process mining. The discovered models allow system designers to respond more efficiently to users’ needs and to present them with a set of recommendations. For our study, we have chosen to extract the users’ journey models of the digital library Gallica, based on real traces generated by their users. First, we adapt these browsing traces in a well-defined format compatible with process mining techniques. The originality of our contribution concerns the grouping of similar paths, considering the existing characteristics in the traces, to avoid the generation of complex models, often not exploitable, from such voluminous and unstructured traces. Finally, we validate our method on two simulated and real data sets. We compare our method to two other methods inspired by existing works. The results show that our method outper forms the existing ones on both datasets in clustering and modeling
Sen, Sagar. "Découverte automatique de modèles effectifs." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00507530.
Full textGordon, Adrian. "Modèles informels qualitatifs en découverte scientifique." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112527.
Full textCorrales, Juan-Carlos. "Appariement de spécifications de comportements pour la découverte de services." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00323970.
Full textMotivated by these concerns, we developed the WS-BeM platform for ranking web services based on behavior matchmaking, which takes as input two WSCL or BPEL protocols and evaluates the semantic distance between them. The prototype is also available as a web service. Furthermore, an application is described concerning the tool for evaluating the effectiveness of the behavioral matchmaking method.
Boutillier, Cédric. "Modèles de dimères : comportements limites." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011334.
Full textDans la première partie, on étudie le comportement d'un tel système près de la transition liquide-solide. En examinant le cas du réseau hexagonal, nous exhibons deux types de comportements limites. Le premier est une collection de chemins aléatoires conditionnés à s'éviter. Le deuxième, le modèle du collier de perles, est un processus ponctuel sur ZxR. Ces deux modèles limites ont pour marginales le processus déterminantal sur R avec noyau sinus, décrivant aussi les valeurs propres des grandes matrices aléatoires de l'ensemble GUE. Le modèle du collier de perles est universel : on montre qu'il est la limite de tout modèle de dimères sur un graphe planaire biparti périodique.
Dans une deuxième partie, on étudie la statistique des motifs dessinés par des dimères. Les fluctuations de densité d'un motif convergent à la limite d'échelle vers un champ gaussien. Dans le cas liquide, l'objet limite est la somme d'une dérivée du champ libre et d'un bruit blanc indépendant. Pour une mesure gazeuse, la limite est juste un bruit blanc.
Enfin, on aborde un problème de dénombrement de chemins sur le graphe-échelle, lié à l'étude du noyau de la chaleur sur le groupe de l'allumeur de réverbères, ainsi qu'à celle des opérateurs de Schrödinger aléatoires.
Raynaud, Frank. "Modèles de comportements collectifs tri-dimensionnels." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077249.
Full textIn this dissertation we present different individual-based models describing three-dimensional collective motion. The first part is devoted to the order-disorder transition at the onset of collective motion where particles align locally t\ heir velocity. The analyzis of the finite-size-effects and the presence of metastable states and hysteresis show that the transition is first-order. In the second part, we study the properties of the collective motion in the ordered phase. Close to the transition point, we observe self-organised solitary waves moving at constant velocity. In the small-noise regime anomalous giant density fluctuations seem destroy these structures. The last part deals with cohesive models. We first introduce an interaction between neighbours which allows the formation of coherent groups even in the small density limit. The phase diagram is computed and we show that both the structure and the shape of a moving group is strongly anistropic. Hence the interactions are modified taking into account the wing direction of\ the individuals. Adding this new component, we are able to compute very realistic flocks and find a good consistency with empirical results
Lichiardopol, Anca-Maria. "L’approche Bond Graph pour la découverte technologique." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/28/15/83/PDF/theseAncaVersFin.pdf.
Full textOur study concentrates on the techniques which offer an automatic support for the adaptation and the revision of the dynamic models. The objective is to study how bond graphs can help to conceive innovating systems answering a set of specifications expressed in terms of temporal or frequential behavior. The main concern of an engineer confronted with a modelling problem is to make an abstraction of the system he needs to model. It is a difficult task to determine which aspects or properties are relevant for the system at hand. Sometimes these choices may be the source of models with inconsistencies that will fail in the analysis or control phase. Several physical aspects of the system (friction, fluid inertia, etc) that were not taken into consideration may be the cause of an inconsistent model. With our approach the intention was to point out another capability of this method, that of a reconstruction tool, which may indicate to a possible solution in case of an inconsistent with specifications design. We also wish that the system suggested in this study to be used as a tool in conceptual design of technological devices subjected to a set of specifications
Hautière, Matthieu. "Théorie des comportements et efficience informationnelle des marchés financiers." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10040.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the link existing between bayesian learning models, human being's processing of information and financial markets' information (in-)efficiency. The first part focuses on the herding literature to prove that a rational processing of information may be sufficient to prevent phenomena of exuberance on financial markets. The second part concentrates on the contribution of cognitive psychology literature and of bayesian learning models to behavioral economics. This analytic frame provides a formal and wellstructured definition of rationality. This allows a certain kind of irrationality to be highlighted from a clear benchmark. The main contribution rests on a bayesian updating model of subjective beliefs where agents process their information in function of the nature of the information they dispose of
Picault, Sébastien. "Modèles de comportements sociaux pour les collectivités d'agents et de robots." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851693.
Full textColin, Pierre-Louis. "Analyse numérique de modèles de dérive-diffusion : convergence et comportements asymptotiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10038/document.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we are interested in a simplified corrosion model derived from the Diffusion Poisson Coupled Model (DPCM). We analyze the numerical scheme implemented in the CALIPSO code used by the French nuclear waste management agency ANDRA. It is a backward Euler scheme in time and a finite volume scheme in space, with Schafetter-Gummel approximation of the convection-diffusion fluxes. We study the convergence of this scheme and its asymptotic behavior for different limits of parameters. Finally, we compare several higher order schemes in time
Thonet, Thibaut. "Modèles thématiques pour la découverte non supervisée de points de vue sur le Web." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30167/document.
Full textThe advent of online platforms such as weblogs and social networking sites provided Internet users with an unprecedented means to express their opinions on a wide range of topics, including policy and commercial products. This large volume of opinionated data can be explored and exploited through text mining techniques known as opinion mining or sentiment analysis. Contrarily to traditional opinion mining work which mostly focuses on positive and negative opinions (or an intermediate in-between), we study a more challenging type of opinions: viewpoints. Viewpoint mining reaches beyond polarity-based opinions (positive/negative) and enables the analysis of more subtle opinions such as political opinions. In this thesis, we proposed unsupervised approaches – i.e., approaches which do not require any labeled data – based on probabilistic topic models to jointly discover topics and viewpoints expressed in opinionated data. In our first contribution, we explored the idea of separating opinion words (specific to both viewpoints and topics) from topical, neutral words based on parts of speech, inspired by similar practices in the litterature of non viewpoint-related opinion mining. Our second contribution tackles viewpoints expressed by social network users. We aimed to study to what extent social interactions between users – in addition to text content – can be beneficial to identify users' viewpoints. Our different contributions were evaluated and benchmarked against state-of-the-art baselines on real-world datasets
Langevin, Paul. "Potentiel créatif, comportements de découverte et originalité du produit chez le photographe amateur : II. La résolution du problème photographique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1998. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4789/1/000642318.pdf.
Full textLaflamme, Josée. "Femmes et aire domestique, un mode de vie, modèles, valeurs et comportements." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26225.pdf.
Full textCheval, Boris. "Déterminants réfléchis et impulsifs des comportements d'activité physique : l'apport des modèles duaux." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENS011/document.
Full textPromoting regular physical activity is part of the public health priorities given its extensive health benefits, but low participation rates still remain (Haskell et al., 2007). The dominant theories of health behaviors focus on reflective precursors of action and assume that changing person's conscious cognitions will engender substantial changes in behavior. However, meta-analyses indicate that changing conscious thought does not, it seems, guarantee PA behavior change. In recent years, dual-process models such as the Reflective-Impulsive Model (RIM; Strack & Deutsch, 2004) have suggested that impulsive processes also exert some influence on health behaviors. The main question of the present dissertation is whether the use of dual-process models enriches the understanding of the motivational mechanism involved in the regulation of PA behaviors. Building on the RIM, a program of research comprising 5 studies was conducted to (a) test the value of taking into account impulsive processes presumed by the RIM in predicting PA behaviors, (b) examine the impact of impulsive approach (vs. avoidance) tendency towards sedentary behavior (SB) on PA behavior, (c) identify the patterns of relationships (e.g., additive or interactive) between impulsive and reflective processes that govern PA and SB, (d) identify dispositional, motivational and specific behavioral characteristics that can modulate the weight of reflective and impulsive process on PA, and (e) test more directly the causality of the relationship between impulsive processes and PA in experimentally manipulating impulsive approach (vs. avoidance) tendencies towards PA and SB. Essentially, results show that (a) the integration of impulsive processes increases the percentage of variance explained (studies 1 and 3); (b) impulsive approach (vs. avoidance) tendency toward SB prospectively and negatively predict PA behaviors (studies 1 and 3); (c) impulsive processes toward PA and SB have additive (studies 1 and 3) and interactive (study 1) effects, which allow, among other, to better understand the mechanisms through which PA-promoting message is effective or ineffective in promoting PA behavior; (d) several variables moderate the relative weight of impulsive versus reflective precursors on behavior determination, such as, (i) inter-individual differences in trait impulsivity (which moderates the negative interaction between intention to adopt PA and the impulsive approach tendency toward SB (study 2), (ii) the type of behavior (Spontaneous PA of low intensity are mainly regulated by the impulsive system) (study 3), (iii) the nature of motivation (activity underpinned by a controlled motivation is dependent of the impulsive system, which is not the case for autonomous motivation) (study 4); and (e) experimental manipulation of impulsive approach tendencies causes changes in the impulsive tendency to approach (vs. avoid) PA and is accompanied by a change in the regulation of PA behavior (study 5).Taken together, results of this dissertation support the predictive validity of the impulsive system in the PA context. They confirm the utility of the RIM to better understand the complexity of the motivational processes – reflective and impulsive – involved in the regulation of PA behaviors. A clear implication of the present findings is that changing PA is likely to be more effective if interventions are designed to target both reflective and impulsive component of AP behavior
Laflamme, Josée. "Femmes et aire domestique, un mode de vie : modèles, valeurs et comportements." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28446.
Full textTournaire, Rémi. "Découverte automatique de correspondances entre ontologies." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM072.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate a principled approach for defining and discovering probabilistic inclusion mappings between two taxonomies, with a clear semantic, in a purpose of collaborative exchange of documents. Firstly, we compare two ways of modeling probabilistic mappings which are compatible with the logical constraints declared in each taxonomy according to a monotony property, then we show that they are complementary for distinguishing relevant mappings. We provide a way to estimate the probabilities associated to a mapping by a Bayesian estimation technique based on classes extensions involved in the mapping, and using classifiers in order to merge the instances of both taxonomies when they are disjoint. Then we describe a generate and test algorithm called ProbaMap which minimizes the number of calls to the probability estimator for determining those mappings whose probability exceeds a chosen threshold. A thorough experimental analysis of ProbaMap is conducted. We introduce a generator that produce controlled data that allows to analyse the quality and the complexity of ProbaMap in a large and generic panel of situations. We present also two series of results for experiments conducted on real-world data: an alignment of the Directory dataset of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI), and a comparative experiment on Web directories, on which ProbaMap outperforms the state-of-the-art contribution SBI (IJCAI'03). The perspectives of this work are the reuse of probabilistic mappings for a probabilistic query answering setting and a way to convert similarities coefficients of existing matching methods into probabilities
Bouopda, Pierre Kamé. "Analyse des séries temporelles : une application à la modélisation macroéconomique des comportements bancaires dans le cas français." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA01A017.
Full textThis work deals with the recent methods of time series analysis in order to outline, in the French case, macroeconomic behaviors of banks. This view leads as to take account of stationary processes, integration and cointegration concepts within the whole of tests. Our empirical strategy is issued mainly, first, of Hendry's works upon data generating processes (DGP) and, at a second time on Engle and Granger's on error correction models (ECM). Our econometrical methodology aims to an homogene writing way of the specification, making our empirical models such as : liquidity in the banks, short terms credit interest rates, long term credit supplies and bonds supplies, essy to read, to analyse and underline good statistical performances
Échevin, Damien. "Hétérogénéité individuelle des agents et comportements des ménages : consommation, revenu et emploi." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010017.
Full textMuller, Christophe. "Méthodes et modèles d'analyse des comportements des ménages agricoles : le cas du Rwanda." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0066.
Full textIn this thesis we study the behaviours of rwandese peasants. We present a litterature survey of the agricultural household models. We develop a new analytical framework to study the comparative statics of a generic behaviour model. This framework enables us to study general behaviour patterns. We generalize the usual substitution and income effects, and we reinterpret the separability assumption of production with respect to consumption. The relationships among the notions of exogeneity, separability and recursivity in these models are clarified. Several models of consumption, production, and labour demand and supply are estimated in order to identify the major determinants and constraints of these behaviours. The preference and technology's parameters are also estimated. The results of a new test of the separability of production with respect to consumption lead to the rejection of this assumption. From the difficulties faced during the estimation procedure of the global models and the results obtained for each behaviour, we derive ideas for further research in this field. Several new statistical procedures are proposed for the processing of the household surveys
Chapron, Paul. "Modélisation des organisations sociales : analyse structurelle, régulation des comportements et évolution." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10043/document.
Full textThe work presented in this dissertation is part of the SocLab project which proposes a formalisation of the Sociology of Organised Action (SOA). This formalisation is based on the use of a meta-model of the structure of social organisations, which enables an analytical study of an organisation's attributes as well as the simulation of the behaviours the organisation's actors might potentially adopt. This in turn allows an organisational diagnostic, which, though less rich than in a discursive expression of the SOA, gains in rigour and objectification. According to this approach, an organisation is seen as a system which, as a result of the actors' behaviour towards each other, procures for them a greater or lesser level of action capacity for reaching their own individual goals. Two regulation feedbacks run through this system : the first, which can be defined as functional, where actors adjust their behaviours towards one another so as to obtain a satisfactory level of action capacity ; and the second, which appertains to the endogenous evolution of the organisation, whereby the actors look to modify to their advantage the very structure of said organisation. Use of the meta-model leads to the representationof an organisation's structure as a particular mathematical construct composed of sets, functions and relations. By marshalling diverse mathematical tools, we have studied the influence of an organisation's structure on both of these regulation feedbacks. We can for example, regarding functional regulation, explain why actors behave as they do as well as detect real or potential coalitions ; also it is possible to detect in what ways an actor may attempt to modify the organisation's structure. In a more general sense, the mathematical study of the structure of an organisation will allow us to define a great number of indicators which will then be interpreted, with the help of the concepts of organisational sociology, as properties of the studied organisation
Bilodeau, Nicolas. "Potentiel créatif, comportements de découverte et originalité du produit chez le photographe amateur : 1. La mise au point du problème photographique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4742/1/000626974.pdf.
Full textFriggit, Jacques. "Mécanique statistique des marchés : une approche darwinienne des comportements financiers : application à la dynamique des taux de change." Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32020.
Full textThe dissertation models market behavior in very liquid markets. It assumes that financial behaviors adapt to information not instantaneously but following a darwinian evolution process, then reformulates and solves the problem thus posed by using tools borrowed from statistical mechanics. Some properties of the resulting price process are then compared to actual price processes observed in the foreign exchange market on short time scales. A potential predictor of instabilities is derived. A complete translation of the dissertation into english is available
Veysset, François. "Modélisation et identification de comportements de l'avion en vol turbulent par modèles à retards." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116673.
Full textdécomposé en différents éléments que sont le fuselage, l'aile et l'empennage. Le modèle obtenu incorpore les effets instationnaires modélisés par l'intermédiaire de fonctions de Küssner et des retards clairement explicités.
Des résultats en simulations confrontant le modèle développé à de récents travaux de modélisation (thèse de Carine Jauberthie à l'ONERA) mettent en évidence l'apport de la prise en compte de ces phénomènes dans la modélisation. La comparaison avec les essais expérimentaux montre que les tendances observées dans la réalité se confirment pour notre modèle.
Une méthode d'identification algébrique initiée par Fliess et Sira-Ramirez en 2003 a été étendue aux systèmes à retards. Cette technique basée sur le formalisme des distributions permet d'identifier certains retards et paramètres de notre modèle.
Jeleva, Meglena. "Les comportements d'assurance des agents : une approche par les modèles de décision non-additifs." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010084.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the behaviors on the insurance market of agents whose preferences under uncertainty are represented using non-additive models which generalize the expected utility and make possible to separate the attitude towards uncertainty from the attitude towards wealth. This preferences representation, together with the assumption that agents don't know precisely the probability distribution of their losses, makes the modelling of insurance behaviors more realistic and allows a better understanding of the choices observed on insurance markets. The first chapter of the thesis is a presentation of the models of decision making under probabilized uncertainty (risk) and under non-probabilized uncertainty. In the second one, we study the demand for insurance when the agent faces only one source of risk. Firstly, we assume that the agent is able to locate the probability distribution of potential losses into a given set of distributions, his preferences are then represented by the Jaffray model. After that, we consider a general non-probabilized uncertainty framework where preferences are represented by the choquet expected utility. In the third chapter, a background risk is introduced. The impact of this additional source of risk on the demand for insurance on the insurable risk is examined in the cases when the two risks are comonotonic and anti-comonotonic. The forth chapter deals with the contracts offered by a monopoly insurer in an adverse selection framework, when the insurees have only imprecise information on their loss probability. The last chapter of the thesis is an empirical examination of the choices of life insurance contracts. The aim of this study is to test the impact of life expectations on the contracts bought by the agents
Traoré, Assitan. "Catégorisation des comportements de conduite en termes de consommation en carburant : une méthode de découverte de connaissances contextuelles à partir des traces d’interactions." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1012/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes an engineering method of contextual knowledge that allows identification and modelling of explanatory context of observed criteria. The context consists of located explanatory knowledge allowing valid representation of an object in the covered situation. This knowledge is generally elicited when observing the activity performance in which the object is involved. They are therefore difficult to describe in the beginning of activity analysis but are necessary for the definition, explanation and effective understanding of an activity according to an observed criterion characterizing this activity. This thesis proposes a progressive definition of adequate context to explain an observed criterion during activity observation. The research mobilizes interaction traces of the analysed activity, clarify context notion and uses data mining methods for classification or categorization of an observed criterion by distinguishing contextual parameters and no contextual parameters. The developed environment, based on interaction traces principles, allows to assist explanatory context discovery by interactive approach, using context analyst knowledge. We demonstrate that it’s possible to build a valid context, by discovering it and by formulating it in a generic form as proposed in literature. An application of the method was performed in driving situation to identify and model the explanatory context of fuel consumption. The method validation is performed by studying produced knowledge on fuel consumption, qualitatively by relying on existing domain knowledge and quantitatively by applying classification rules established trough data collected from driving activity. This illustration of driving activity analysis with the contextual knowledge discovery method to determine explanatory context of fuel consumption was conducted at Ifsttar on real data, collected during driving activity in natural driving situation. The led experiments show encouraging results and allows considering the integration of contextual knowledge discovery method in Ifsttar analyst practices
Leclerc, Tom. "Contributions pour une découverte de services avancée dans les réseaux ad hoc." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675278.
Full textKoumba, Olivier. "Dynamique des comportements financiers et endettement des collectivités locales : application aux villes françaises." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1G014.
Full textIn France since the act I the decentralization in 1982, the local public investment is widely self-financed. The present research wonders from this point of view, on the economic rationality of the behavior of loan in an environment at first of non mobility, then mobility of the households and the companies. The first part of this thesis, brings two original theoretical contributions to the understanding of the local financial behavior by leaning on two axes. First of all in an environment of not mobility, this thesis shows that the model the decisive voter remains relevant in a context where on one hand the community offers durables goods (which engender recurring loads) and where she can borrow (wthat entails symmetrically recurring financial charges). The second part joins in a prospect econometric of analysis of the local financial behavior. First of all, the thesis confirms for the main part the model of request and intertemporal offer to the better public long-lasting premises stemming from the research and the watch, any equal things besides, that the dynamic specifications possess an explanatory power higher than the specifications in statics. Finally, establishing a link between the debts and the level of the investment of development, the model of stimultaneous equations concerning the debts and the investments concludes, in the sustainability of local public debt in France
Darmon, Eric. "TIC, comportements d'agents et organisation des marchés : une contribution théorique." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0045.
Full textIn this dissertation, we ask how Information and Communication Technologies change the organization and performances of markets for commodities and services. To analyze this impact, we develop three theoretical models. The two first models are concerned with final markets. In the first model, we study the coordination process between a traditional and an electronic market subject to a double differentiation (search costs, uncertainty on traded qualities). In the second model, we analyze the characteristics of the prices posted and accepted on an electronic market on which buyers use intermediaries to implement their search process. In the third model, we turn to technological markets, and investigate how the use of Internet may change the search process by which firms look for firms which hold complementary assets and competencies
Gil, Quijano Javier. "Modèles d'auto-organisation pour l'émergence de formes urbaines à partir de comportements individuels à Bogota." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270015.
Full textGil, Quijano Javier. "Modèles d’auto-organisation pour l’émergence de formes urbaines à partir de comportements individuels à Bogotà." Paris 6, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270015.
Full textThe main objective of our work is to reproduce the evolution of the distribution of a urban population. We focus on a synthetic vision of the city. Our approach is based on modeling interactions between an intermediate level (constituted by social-groups and types-of-habitat) and an individual level (constituted by households and residences). Unlike traditional approaches of microsimulation we privilege a global solution to represent the evolution of the population of the city and the housing stock : we consider general rules of evolution based on quotas of households and residences. Starting from these principles, we developed a model of multi-agent simulation. This model is based on competition between social groups for free groups of residences, into a market of housing. We made use of this model to reproduce the evolution of the distribution of Bogota city between 1973 and 1993
Saval, Arnaud. "Modèle temporel, spatial et sémantique pour la découverte de relations entre événements." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2098.
Full textThe popularity of social networks and new forms of communication has led to the emergence of new sources of information that should be studied. Anyone is able to publish and highlight information of interest. Today, these behaviors appear as ways to track a topic of interest: eg H1N1. However, the automatic processing of such information needs to be improved in order to define semantically a topic of interest (the implications of the Tsunami in Myanmar). This thesis propose a semantic extension of the modeling of events in time and space to represent the evolution of these topics of interest. This report explains how to use the introduced formalism to define the methods of reasoning on a knowledge base structured to improve the representation of the situation by discovering relationships in this information
Boukharouba, Khaled. "Modélisation et classification de comportements dynamiques des systèmes hybrides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10088/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we consider the identification of a special class of hybrid systems which is the class of PieceWise Affine (PWA) systems from input-output data. The identification of PWA models is a challenging problem. It involves the estimation of both the parameters of the affine sub-models, and the coefficients of the hyperplanes defining the partition of the state + input set. First, we give an overview of the different approaches available in the literature for the identification of PWA systems. Then, we propose new methods for identifying PWA models from data. The solution includes the estimation of the number of sub-models, the identification of the parameter vectors that describe the different sub-models and the determination of the bounding hyperplanes of the polyhedral regions associated with the sub-models. After this, we propose a recursive algorithm for identifying PieceWise Affine systems (PWA) and PieceWise nonlinear systems where the parameters of the sub-models and the regions can vary over time. A recursive LS-SVM technique is proposed for recursive updating of the parameters of each sub-model. The adaptation of the parameters of the regions is ensured by an online multi-category support vector classifier. The last part of this work is devoted to the validation of our methods on real examples. We apply our methods to the identification of a hydraulic system and a pick-and-place machine. We also show how the temporal segmentation of video into different shots can be performed, based on the estimation of local linear sub-models
Huaulme, Arnaud. "Détection automatique de déviations chirurgicales et identification de comportements chirurgicaux par modélisation et analyse des processus chirurgicaux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAS009/document.
Full textL'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais
Bandaru, Sirisha. "Découverte des mécanismes moléculaires de régulation de la morphologie mitochondriale chez les mammifères : le rôle contrôleur de la protéase rhomboide PARL." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25048/25048.pdf.
Full textSimonet, Émilie. "Comportements non linéaires de cycles de substrats couplés : influence d'un entraînement électrochimique." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD910.
Full textClerc-Urmès, Isabelle. "Modèles multiniveaux pour l'analyse des comportements de santé : Quatre illustrations concernant l'offre et la demande de soins." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX24016.
Full textThe continual development of statistical tools allows the modelling of numerous phenomena, including the complex ones. Using a set of statistical techniques and applications, based on the so-called “multilevel” modelling, this thesis deals with different aspects related to the statistical methodology and applications as per health economics and public health.The first part reconsiders the evolution of methodology, starting from the simple linear regression techniques to the more complex multilevel modelling as applied to both the linear and non-linear relations. It addresses issues related to the historical development, the hypotheses, the strategy of analysis, and the scope of applications. The second part presents two distinct multilevel studies. The first concerns the determinants of observance and interruptions of treatment for persons infected by the HIV/AIDS and treated with antiretroviral in Cameroon. The second one focuses on the use of dental services for the elderly. The two studies are methodologically comparable in that, besides integrating the usually retained individual variables, the analyses examine health seeking behaviours, particularly, the utilisation of health care services, while accounting for contextual determinants such as the characteristics of health supply (clinic, department or region).The third part is dedicated to the applications on GPs' panel and contains two different studies. The first one explains the GPs’ behaviours and the role of their aprioris vis-à-vis Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), and suggests solutions to overcome their negative attitudes. The second study analyses the similarity – sometimes the differences – between the cycle of GPs’ activity and the seasonality of epidemics with the aim of better understanding determinants favouring the adjustment of the GP in the seasonal variations of the patients needs. This study helps anticipate and manage situations of sanitary crisis, with the effective support of general practitioners
Gacem, Amina. "Méthodologie d’évaluation de performances basée sur l’identification de modèles de comportements : applications à différentes situations de handicap." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS0053.
Full textThe performance assessment is an important process to identify the abilities and the limits of a person. Currently, the assessment requires the mediation of a specialist (doctor, therapist, etc. ) which must performs analysis and tests to reach a subjective decision. In the literature, several works propose assessment methods based on performance criteria: it is a quantitative evaluation which is objective. This type of evaluation is usually based on statistical analysis. In this work, a new methodology of performance assessment is proposed. It is based on the identification of reference behaviours. Those behaviours are then used as references for the evaluation of other people. The identification of reference behaviours is an essential element of our work. It is based on classification methods. In our work, we have tested two different methods. The first one is the "Fuzzy C-means" which allows a thorough search of reference behaviours. However, behaviours are represented by proxy criteria. The second method is the "Hidden Markov Models". It offers a time series analysis based on the temporal behaviour variation. However, it is not easy to determine the training phase of this method. This assessment methodology has been applied in the context of different applications designed for disabled people: driving electric wheelchair, driving an automobile and the use of pointing devices (mouse, trackball, joystick, etc. ). In each application, a protocol and an ecological situation are defined in order to evaluate participants on different platforms involving functional control interfaces (joystick, mouse, steering wheel, etc. ). Then, statistical tools are used to analyze the data and provide a first interpretation of behaviours. The application of our methodology identifies different reference behaviours and the assessment by comparing behaviours let to identify different levels of expertise. In each of the studied applications, our methodology identifies automatically different reference behaviours. Then, the assessment of people, carried out by comparing to the reference behaviours, let identify different levels of expertise and illustrate the evolution of learning during the assessment. The proposed evaluation methodology is an iterative process. So that, the population of experienced people can be enriched by adding people who become stable after assessment. Therefore, this allows the search for new reference behaviours
Bastardie, François. "Description et modélisation des comportements et des réseaux de galeries lombriciens : vers une typologie fonctionnelle des lombriciens." Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10021.
Full textPeney, Sandrine. "Evénements et analyse économique des comportements individuels : illustrations par l'usage de la notion d'événement dans les modèles reliant divorce et offre de travail." Nancy 2, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc418/2004NAN20014.pdf.
Full textSala, Michel. "Proposition d'une méthodologie et d'un environnement d'apprentissage d'aide à la découverte scientifique : application à la génétique, l'environnement SIGALE." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20019.
Full textBarbosa, Ana. "Identité sexuelle et modèles fonctionnels intergénérationnels." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2025/document.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to understand the issue of the sexual orientations, trying to answer the questions raised by the behavior of those who suffer with their homosexuality or other sexual orientation. This study firstly suggests questions and methodologies aiming to do a credible research about the attachment and sexual orientations. This research is firstly addressed to the homo/heterosexuals themselves, men and women, who have assumed themselves or not, whether they live alone or as a couple. It must allow them to better understand the details of their sexual orientation and, above all, to scrutinize the homophobia in all its ways, taking in account that one which most of the time they have in themselves, without knowing. However it’s also addressed, in a general way, to those who are not pleased with the usual clichés and prejudices of the different sexual orientations of the heterosexual society. The question is to know the clinical and psychosocial causes in order to be able to intervene in the health domain. As doctors, we present a research that explores the causes, which determine the homo/heterosexual behaviors between humans, especially the patterns of psychosexual development versus sexual activity
Markley, Sébastien. "Intégration de données spatiales dans la modélisation des choix discrets : applications aux modèles de comportements d'achats des ménages français." Toulouse 1, 2008. http://publications.univ-tlse1.fr/680/.
Full textThe thesis was done in collaboration with the BVA Institute, a survey company that hoped to develop techniques of forecasting French spending based on data sets from their own consumer surveys. We developed a Conditional Logit model in order to predict the large surface stores chosen by each household, and used imputation in order to predict the products they chose. Since store choice was insensitive to household characteristics, the use of home-store distances and the geographic characteristics of store neighbourhoods was essential to our predictions. In the first chapter, we present Logit Models in general, and describe the data that we use to apply our modelling techniques. In the second chapter, we explore how we adapt the Conditional Logit model to choices of stores. Due to the fact that a choice of store has too many alternatives for estimation to be tractable, we test several modifications of our model that either reduce the size of each choice set, or that result from random draws of the alternatives. Since traditional evaluation methods based on likelihood were inappropriate for comparing these different techniques, we developed a criteria based on the model calibration to choose the best estimation technique. In the third chapter, we present the results of our estimations on our sample, presenting the technique that shows the best trade-off between predictive accuracy and cost of use. In the last chapter, we look at the use of imputation in order to predict product choice based on store choice
Jiang, Tao. "Contributions à la modélisation micromécanique des comportements anélastiques des géomatériaux hétérogènes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10151/document.
Full textThis study is devoted to the micromechanical modelling of inelastic behaviors of heterogeneous geomaterials. A kind of hard clay rock (argillite) is taken as an example to validate the micromechanical modelling. A short review of main homogenization techniques developed for multi-scale modeling of nonlinear heterogeneous materials is presented in the first chapter. Then some numerical results from direct FEM simulation are given in the second chapter. In the following chapter, one of the most commonly used approaches of nonlinear homogenization methods for nonlinear heterogeneous materials, Hill’s incremental approach, is studied and applied to simulate the mechanical behaviors of argillite with various compositions under different loading paths. Considering some theoretical limitations of the incremental approach, a new homogenization method named nonuniform transformation field analysis (NTFA) firstly proposed by Michel and Suquet is adopted and developed to adapt the pressure-dependent geomaterials in chapter 4. In this chapter the formulation and numerical implementation of the NTFA for a typical pressure-dependent heterogeneous materials composed of Drucker-Prager matrix and elastic inclusion are presented. Next, in chapter six a more complicated application is performed to simulate the mechanical behavior of argillite to verify the validity of the proposed NTFA method
Caudroit, Johan. "Les déterminants psychologiques de l'engagement dans une activité physique : contribution à une extension des modèles sociocognitifs des comportements de santé." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA113002.
Full textPhysical activity is associated with many physical, psychological and social health benefits. However, only 42. 5% of French are engaged in a sufficient level of PA to induce health gains. Consequently, this dissertation focuses on the reasons why people engage or not engage in PA. The literature has mainly based on social cognition models to identify psychological processes underlying the adoption of health behaviors such as PA. However, these models do not integrate, in their original formulation, factors that could influence the variables that they define. Based on the HAPA (Schwarzer, 1992), this doctoral project aims to identify factors that could influence the patterns of PA prediction. It highlights that the patterns of PA prediction vary depending on chronological age and context of retirement (study 1). Subjective age contributes to self-efficacy and intentions to perform PA (study 2). Moreover, the participation in PA is determined by passion toward work and work/family conflict (study 3). More precisely, work/family conflict aIso contributes to PA self-effïcacy and PA intentions (study 4). Finally, Conscientiousness predicts social cognitive variables, described in the motivational phase of the HAPA, i. E. Self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and risk perception (study 5). Overall, this project contributes to extend the HAPA and, more generally, social cognition models and provides a better comprehension of psychological processes underlying PA participation
Séjourné, Bruno. "Cycles de vie des produits d'épargne liquide et contractuelle, et comportements de placement : une approche économique." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010056.
Full textThe application of the marketing concept of product life cycle to liquid and contractual saving assets reveals important informations from an economic point of view. Speaking of theory, the understanding of current amount dynamics is facilitated by an important literature concerning level and orientation of savings, the main foundations of which are on the one hand the life cycle thesis and that of the permanent income (modigliani-friedman), and on the other the portfolio theory (markowitz). Empirically, recent assets, immediately available everywhere and adoptable without effort, are distinguished from the usual scheme by an extremly fast growth, followed by a long maturity, which orientation is due to modifications in the various assets' characteristics. On the contrary, the curves of the oldest products, and those of more recent ones the working of which is new, look consistent with the traditional scurve. Thus, they reveal a rogers diffusion of innovation phenomenom. The observation of such a phenomenom invites us to introduce a progressive adoption of new assets into the models that describe portfolio choices of households, models which so far had been based on the hypothesis of a choice of assets independent from the age of the products. With this object in view, the growth laws are estimated to approximate the adoption process. Finally, establishing a link between regulated assets (either directly or indirectly through taxation) and a type of cycle is also of interest for the authorities concerned. Induced prospective scenari can be considered in relation to the objectives in terms of saving orientation, and may lead to measures intended to correct undesirable trajectories
Rochat, Denis. "Etude empirique des comportements de choix : applications à l'économie des transports et à l'enseignement supérieur." Cergy-Pontoise, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CERG0058.
Full textSaffar, Imen. "Vers une agentification de comportements observés : une approche originale basée sur l’apprentissage automatique pour la simulation d’un environnement réel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10190/document.
Full textThe design of simulation tools, which are able to reproduce the dynamics and evolution of complex real phenomena, is hard. Modeling these phenomena by analytical approaches is often unsuitable, forcing the designer to turn towards behavioral approaches. In this context, multi-agent simulations are now a credible alternative to the classical simulations. However, they remain difficult to implement. In fact, the designer of the simulation must be able to transcribe the dynamic of the phenomenon being observed in agents behavior. This step usually requires the skills of a specialist with some expertise in the phenomenon to be simulated. In this thesis, we propose a novel way to treat observing real behaviors to simulate, without resorting to the help of an expert.It is relying on unsupervised learning techniques to identify and extract behavior and facilitate the agentification. Our approach is, therefore, a step towards the automatic design of multi-agent simulations reproducing observable phenomena. This approach is motivated by an application context aiming the simulation of customers’ behavior within a retail space
Nantchouang, Robert. "Analyse macro-economique de l'evolution de l'emploi, basee sur les comportements micro-economiques : le cas du cameroun." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010057.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to find out suitable conditions for migration in ldcs to be a success. It is argued that the stark's theory on migration does not go deeper into the question. If only the family (excluding the migrant) was placed at the center of the decision of migration, then the condition of success of migration would be that the urban income be greater than the cost of migration. Such an inequality could hold even if the difference between urban and rural income was negative. This could happen in the case the contribution of the migrant to the rural output was insignificant. The migration could therefore be an involuntary one, and the migrant might not remit. In another hand, if the decision of migration was an individual rational choice of the migrant, that does not take into account the interest of the rural family, the later could not give financial support to the former during the urban period of unemployment. For migration to be a success, that is the migrant agrees to migrate, and to remit once he has found an urban job, and his family engages to give him financial support, both the migrant and his rural family may cooperate. Such a cooperation will lead to a success if the cost of migration (c) is less than a threshold (c*), or the part of the cost supported by the migrant (a) is less than a threshold (a*). C* and a* depend on many variables, among which the rural and urban incomes, the rural family size, the part of the cost supported by the migrant in the first case, or the total cost of migration in the second case. The theory does not say which of the conditions (c
Ligot, Stephanie. "Le risque de découverte des prix sur les marchés boursiers : aspects théoriques et empiriques." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E014.
Full textThe thesis focusses on the impacts of the European Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) and its revisions (the MiFID II and the MiFIR) on the price discovery process. According to Schreiber and Schwartz (1986), the price discovery process is defined as the incorporation of new information into the prices of assets and the search for an equilibrium by the market participants. This key directive aims to increase competition and efficiency at the European level without neglecting investor protection by increasing transparency and by requiring a best execution policy for the execution of client orders from investment firms.The study specifically highlights the CAC40 stocks, which, with the implementation of the MiFID, can be exchanged outside the regulated domestic market (Euronext Paris). The directive has introduced Multilateral Trading Facilities (MTFs), Systematic Internalisers (SI) and Dark Pools as alternative trading venues.In absence of an overall consolidation of the European market and in presence of a spatial fragmentation of orders, there is a risk that some exchange places may receive more buy orders and others more sell orders. Technology should bind spatially fragmented markets; however, if enough of the order flow were removed from the regulated and transparent market, it would be unable to ensure the price discovery because the equilibrium prices and quantities would not befound by the overall market. In addition, even in the presence of a consolidated market at the spatial level, temporal fragmentation may still exist. […]The first chapter studies the challenges and the implications of the MiFID on the efficiency of the European financial markets. This research proposes a regulatory framework to assess the directive. A selection of the principal academic work in the microstructure research area has been carried out in order to identify the remaining unanswered issues and challenges for the current revision of the MIF. The second chapter proposes a literature review of the concept of price discovery by highlighting the principal theoretical, methodological and empirical academic research. The two main functions of a market are to provide liquidity and to allow price discovery. However, the price discovery function has often been a neglected regulatory objective in comparison to transparency and competition objectives. It is important to assess the impacts of fragmentation on the quality of the market after the implementation of the MiFID. The object of study is the price discovery accuracy in the post-crisis context of more high-frequency and algorithmic trading. At this level, the thesis first offers a quantification of the degree of spatial and temporal fragmentation of CAC40 shares in the post-MiFID context. This study shows an increase in fragmentation. Furthermore, the quality of the market is evaluated from a price discovery perspective through the study of an indicator developed by Ozenbas et al. (2002, 2011) called the normalised volatility ratio. The study confirms the existence of a price discovery risk at the opening of the market before and after the implementation of MiFID. The potential causes of price discovery accuracy have been studied using three types of variables that characterise each transaction. The number of ransactions and the proportion of high-frequency traders on the buy side for the first half-hour of the day are significant variables for price discovery accuracy. In the post-MiFID scenario, spatial fragmentation does not significantly affect the market quality of CAC40 shares. At this level, temporal fragmentation seems to be a greater determinant. […]
El, Alam Hanane. "Contribution à la mise en oeuvre de lois de comportements thermomécaniques issues de l'approche D. N. L. R. Dans le cadre des transformations finies." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL100N.
Full textTo extend the D. N. L. R. Formalism to the large transformations, the difficulty lies weil in the treatment of the objectivity. This work is a first attempt to overcome this difficulty. Thus, according to the DNLR formalism which basically uses the Cauchy stress, an effort has been made to identify the associated definition of the strain measurement. More clearly, several objective rates proposed in the literature have been examined. At this stage, we verify within the DNLR thermodynamic framework, the importance of the choice, a priori, of one of these objective rates, on the level of stress really "seen" by the material for a given strain level. Recent works by Xiao, Bruhns and Meyers incited us to use the logarithmic rate in order to perform the temporal integration of the strain rate and to define the strain measurement associated to the Cauchy stress and to ensure the coherency of the behavior law for finite transformations