Academic literature on the topic 'Découverte des Causes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Découverte des Causes"
Ogien, Albert. "Que Faire de L'Instabilité de la Définition des Faits ? Aux sources du chômage 1880-1914 (note critique)." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 51, no. 3 (June 1996): 539–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1996.410866.
Full textBou, Christophe. "Complémentarité de l’odontologie et de l’anthropologie pour l’identification de corps sous « X »." médecine/sciences 40, no. 1 (January 2024): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2023198.
Full textAkoka, Jacky. "PADEX un système expert d'analyse des données de panels distributeurs." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) 10, no. 2 (June 1995): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/076737019501000203.
Full textNkashama, Pius Ngandu. "Les « enfants-soldats » et les guerres coloniales." Études littéraires 35, no. 1 (September 20, 2004): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008631ar.
Full textHäfner, Heinz, Brigitte Fätkenheuer, Wolfram an der Heiden, Walter Löffler, Kurt Maurer, Povl Munk-Jorgensen, and Anita Riecher. "Différences selon le sexe dans l’âge d’apparition, la symptomatologie et l’évolution de la schizophrénie." Santé mentale au Québec 16, no. 1 (September 11, 2007): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032204ar.
Full textBarbieri, Lorenzo. "Riconsiderando i lebeti lapidei con protomi di grifo: una classe di semata funerari del iv sec. a.c. ad Atene, in Attica ed Eubea." Revue archéologique 78, no. 2 (November 15, 2024): 255–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/arch.242.0255.
Full textMehl, Édouard. "Kepler métaphysicien." Revue des questions scientifiques 192, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2021): 261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/qs.v192i3-4.68513.
Full textDanigo, Thierry. "Les « boutons magiques ». La relation cause à effet : premiers apprentissages et communication." Contraste N° 57, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cont.057.0063.
Full textWidlöcher, D. "Depression. Indices biologiques et indices cliniques." Psychiatry and Psychobiology 1, no. 1 (1986): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00000316.
Full textShotar, E., R. Pommier, S. Albert, J. Lincot, B. Barry, J. Guille, E. Schoumann-Claeys, and B. Dallaudière. "Une cause rare mais classique de découverte de l’infection VIH." Journal de Radiologie Diagnostique et Interventionnelle 94, no. 11 (November 2013): 1150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jradio.2012.10.013.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Découverte des Causes"
Ben, Messaoud Montassar. "SemCaDo : une approche pour la découverte de connaissances fortuites et l'évolution ontologique." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00716128.
Full textAssaad, Charles. "Découvertes de relations causales entre séries temporelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALM019.
Full textThis thesis aims to give a broad coverage of central concepts and principles of causation and in particular the ones involved in the emerging approaches to causal discovery from time series.After reviewing concepts and algorithms, we first present a new approach that infer a summary graph of the causal system underlying the observational time series while relaxing the idealized setting of equal sampling rates and discuss the assumptions underlying its validity. The gist of our proposal lies in the introduction of the causal temporal mutual information measure that can detect the independence and the conditional independence between two time series, and in making an apparent connection between entropy and the probability raising principle that can be used for building new rules for the orientation of the direction of causation. Moreover, through the development of this base method, we propose several extensions, namely to handle hidden confounders, to infer a window causal graph given a summary graph, and to consider sequences instead of time series.Secondly, we focus on the discovery of causal relations from a statistical distribution that is not entirely faithful to the real causal graph and on distinguishing a common cause from an intermediate cause even in the absence of a time indicator. The key aspect of our answer to this problem is the reliance on the additive noise principle to infer a directed supergraph that contains the causal graph. To converge toward the causal graph, we use in a second step a new measure called the temporal causation entropy that prunes for each node of the directed supergraph, the parents that are conditionally independent of their child. Furthermore, we explore complementary extensions of our second base method that involve a pairwise strategy which reduces through multitask learning and a denoising technique, the number of functions that need to be estimated. We perform an extensive experimental comparison of the proposed algorithms on both synthetic and real datasets and demonstrate their promising practical performance: gaining in time complexity while preserving accuracy
Hajj, hassan Houssam. "Enabling autonomous IoT systems : A middleware-based hybrid AI approach to self-adaptation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAS029.
Full textThe proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has transformed traditional spaces into smarter, more interconnected environments. These advanced IoT systems consist of devices that sense physical phenomena and generate data, which are then processed by computing nodes before being used by applications. Such applications typically define specific Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements, such as availability, accuracy, and latency, that must be met. To achieve this, IoT systems are normally configured to ensure that the QoS requirements of the deployed applications are met. This involves adjusting multiple parameters such as network settings, processing resources, and tuning data exchange systems. However, modern smart spaces are inherently dynamic and unpredictable. Changes in the number of IoT devices, network conditions, and available computational resources create a continuously evolving environment. Thus, to ensure that IoT systems operate autonomously, it is essential to design advanced self-adaptive mechanisms for maintaining QoS requirements of applications across dynamic smart spaces.This thesis proposes a middleware-based, hybrid Artificial Intelligence (AI) self-adaptation approach for enabling autonomous IoT operations across dynamic smart spaces. By combining logic-based approaches with data-driven AI techniques, we design effective and explainable self-adaptation solutions for IoT systems operating over dynamic environments. This is achieved through three main research contributions. First, queueing network modeling techniques are leveraged to compose QoS models that represent IoT systems under different situations and/or configurations of smart spaces. By simulating QoS models, we generate performance metrics datasets that can be used as input in self-adaptive approaches. These approaches dynamically adjust to changing conditions by selecting the configuration that best meets the QoS requirements specified by the applications. The second contribution enables AI-driven adaptation of IoT systems in smart spaces. By combining AI techniques such as Automated Planning and Reinforcement Learning, we design a framework involving intelligent agents capable of taking adaptation decisions at runtime. Possible adaptation actions include data flow configurations (e.g., priorities, drop rates) and resource control (e.g., network resources, computing resources). Finally, the third contribution enables proactive and explainable autonomous systems by relying on Causal Reinforcement Learning. To achieve this, Causality methodologies are employed to provide a formal analysis of the performance of IoT systems. Subsequently, causal models enable agents to take efficient adaptation actions in dynamic environments. We validate our proposed approach by developing a prototype implementation of an IoT system and experimenting with case studies considering different types of IoT environments. Our QoS models are evaluated and compared with a prototype implementation for validating the accuracy of the generated performance metrics datasets. We then evaluate the effectiveness of our solution by leveraging data from real deployments to ensure that our approach is valid in real-life settings. The self-adaptation approach presented in this thesis can be exploited to design resilient and modern IoT systems where interactive and real-time services are required, enabling smart spaces to autonomously adapt to changes in their environment, and ensuring optimal performance even under dynamic conditions
Simonne, Lucas. "Mining differential causal rules in knowledge graphs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG008.
Full textThe mining of association rules within knowledge graphs is an important area of research.Indeed, this type of rule makes it possible to represent knowledge, and their application makes it possible to complete a knowledge graph by adding missing triples or to remove erroneous triples.However, these rules express associations and do not allow the expression of causal relations, whose semantics differ from an association or a correlation.In a system, a causal link between variable A and variable B is a relationship oriented from A to B. It indicates that a change in A causes a change in B, with the other variables in the system maintaining the same values.Several frameworks exist for determining causal relationships, including the potential outcome framework, which involves matching similar instances with different values on a variable named treatment to study the effect of that treatment on another variable named the outcome.In this thesis, we propose several approaches to define rules representing a causal effect of a treatment on an outcome.This effect can be local, i.e., valid for a subset of instances of a knowledge graph defined by a graph pattern, or average, i.e., valid on average for the whole set of graph instances.The discovery of these rules is based on the framework of studying potential outcomes by matching similar instances and comparing their RDF descriptions or their learned vectorial representations through graph embedding models
Simon, Franck. "Découverte causale sur des jeux de données classiques et temporels. Application à des modèles biologiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS528.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the field of causal discovery : the construction of causal graphs from observational data, and in particular, temporal causal discovery and the reconstruction of large gene regulatory networks. After a brief history, this thesis introduces the main concepts, hypotheses and theorems underlying causal graphs as well as the two main approaches: score-based and constraint-based methods. The MIIC (Multivariate Information-based Inductive Causation) method, developed in our laboratory, is then described with its latest improvements: Interpretable MIIC. The issues and solutions implemented to construct a temporal version (tMIIC) are presented as well as benchmarks reflecting the advantages of tMIIC compared to other state-of-the-art methods. The application to sequences of images taken with a microscope of a tumor environment reconstituted on microchips illustrates the capabilities of tMIIC to recover, solely from data, known and new relationships. Finally, this thesis introduces the use of a consequence a priori to apply causal discovery to the reconstruction of gene regulatory networks. By assuming that all genes, except transcription factors, are only consequence genes, it becomes possible to reconstruct graphs with thousands of genes. The ability to identify key transcription factors de novo is illustrated by an application to single cell RNA sequencing data with the discovery of two transcription factors likely to be involved in the biological process of interest
Xosanavongsa, Charles. "Heterogeneous Event Causal Dependency Definition for the Detection and Explanation of Multi-Step Attacks." Thesis, CentraleSupélec, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CSUP0003.
Full textKnowing that a persistent attacker will eventually succeed in gaining a foothold inside the targeted network despite prevention mechanisms, it is mandatory to perform security monitoring on the system. The purpose of this thesis is to enable the discovery of multi-step attacks through logged events analysis. To that end, previous alert correlation work has aimed at building connections among events and between attack steps. In practice, this type of link is not trivial to define and discover, especially when considering heterogeneous events (i.e., events emanating from monitoring systems deployed in different abstraction layers of the monitored system), and the literature lacks a formal definition of these connections. We argue that the connections among heterogeneous events correspond to causal dependency relationships among events.Inspired from two causality models from the distributed system and the security research areas, i.e., Lamport's and d'Ausbourg's models, we have thereby proposed a formal definition of this relationship called event causal dependency. The relationship enables the discovery of all events, which can be considered as the cause or the effect of an event of interest (e.g., an IDS alert).To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first one to propose a formal definition of the causal dependency relationship among heterogeneous events. We present how existing work permits the computation of parts of the overall model, and detail our implementation, which exclusively leverages existing monitoring facilities (e.g., auditd, or Zeek NIDS) to produce events. We show that our implementation already yields a good approximation of our model
Da, Câmara Ribeiro-Dantas Marcel. "Learning interpretable causal networks from very large datasets, application to 400,000 medical records of breast cancer patients." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS162.
Full textUncovering cause-effect relationships in non-experimental settings has shown to be a very complex endeavor, given the numerous limitations and biases found in observational data. Recent progress in causal discovery methodologies, and in the causal inference literature in general, has contributed to the development of techniques that learn the underlying causal structure of the events recorded through observational data, allowing us to perform causal discovery and inference in observational data. The approach improved and used in the studies that this thesis describes is based on novel information-theoretic methods to analyze information-rich clinical data from ~400,000 curated clinical records as well as medical consultation reports of breast cancer patients diagnosed in the US between 2010 and 2016 as part of the SEER program. While numerous methods have been developed to identify correlations in heterogeneous clinical records, a central challenge remains: to uncover unsuspected cause-effect relationship. It is now considered a priority to guide clinical understanding and treatments by novel and innovative data analysis and computational methods. Apart from skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the United States, and the second leading cause of cancer death among women. Yet, there are few efforts to analyze the large amount of observational data related to this disease from a causal perspective. By analyzing the aforementioned dataset, it was possible to infer a network that presents many putative and genuine causal relationships, supporting previous discoveries in the literature but also shedding light for new discussions
Munch, Mélanie. "Améliorer le raisonnement dans l'incertain en combinant les modèles relationnels probabilistes et la connaissance experte." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASB011.
Full textThis thesis focuses on integrating expert knowledge to enhance reasoning under uncertainty. Our goal is to guide the probabilistic relations’ learning with expert knowledge for domains described by ontologies.To do so we propose to couple knowledge bases (KBs) and an oriented-object extension of Bayesian networks, the probabilistic relational models (PRMs). Our aim is to complement the statistical learning with expert knowledge in order to learn a model as close as possible to the reality and analyze it quantitatively (with probabilistic relations) and qualitatively (with causal discovery). We developped three algorithms throught three distinct approaches, whose main differences lie in their automatisation and the integration (or not) of human expert supervision.The originality of our work is the combination of two broadly opposed philosophies: while the Bayesian approach favors the statistical analysis of the given data in order to reason with it, the ontological approach is based on the modelization of expert knowledge to represent a domain. Combining the strenght of the two allows to improve both the reasoning under uncertainty and the expert knowledge
Books on the topic "Découverte des Causes"
John, Ross. Rear Admiral Sir John Franklin: A narrative of the circumstances and causes which led to the failure of the searching expeditions sent by government and others for the rescue of Sir John Franklin. 2nd ed. London: Longmans, Green, Brown & Longmans, 1985.
Find full textVaincre l'arthrose -la découverte de la cause et du traitement de l'arthrose. n/a, 1989.
Find full textMapp, Paul W. Elusive West and the Contest for Empire, 1713-1763. University of North Carolina Press, 2012.
Find full textMapp, Paul W. Elusive West and the Contest for Empire, 1713-1763. Omohundro Institute of Early American History & Culture, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Découverte des Causes"
CALLA, Simon. "La pollution d’une rivière : enquête sociologique sur les savoirs et les expertises." In Socio-écosystèmes, 73–107. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9052.ch2.
Full textCoppens, Yves. "Un bouquet d’ancêtres." In Un bouquet d’ancêtres, 153–59. CNRS Éditions, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3917/cnrs.coppe.2021.01.0153.
Full textJOUBERT, C., J. B. MORVAN, P. ESNAULT, A. FAIVRE, P. VERDALLE, and A. DAGAIN. "Abcès intracrâniens d’origine otologique chez l’adulte immunocompétent." In Médecine et Armées Vol. 44 No.3, 251–55. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.6815.
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