Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Decolonization – Southeast Asia – History'
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Masilamani, Loganathan 1965. "Regionalism in Southeast Asia : the evolution of the association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)." Monash University, Dept. of Politics, 1998. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8668.
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Bird, Miles T. "Social Piracy in Colonial and Contemporary Southeast Asia." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/691.
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According to the firsthand account of James Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak, it appears that piracy in the state of British Malaya in the mid-1800s was community-driven and egalitarian, led by the interests of heroic figures like the Malayan pirate Si Rahman. These heroic figures share traits with Eric Hobsbawm’s social bandit, and in this case may be ascribed as social pirates. In contrast, late 20th-century and early 21st-century pirates in the region operate in loosely structured, hierarchical groups beholden to transnational criminal syndicates. Evidence suggests that contemporary pirates do not form the egalitarian communities of their colonial counterparts or play the role of ‘Robin Hood’ in their societies. Firsthand accounts of pirates from the modern-day pirate community on Batam Island suggest that the contemporary Southeast Asian pirate is an operative in the increasingly corporate interest of modern-day criminal organizations.
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Greenwood, Damian Michael. "A history of terrorism in Southeast Asia since 1975." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38928565.
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Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah. "History and Time in Traditional Texts of Equatorial Southeast Asia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15722.
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Historical texts written in traditional genres of equatorial Southeast Asia, such as hikayat and babad, are a vitally important source for the study of the region’s history, especially for the period between the 16th and 19th centuries. Despite this, professional historians have often doubted the reliability of indigenous texts and are reluctant to value them as highly as European and Chinese sources. This thesis addresses the issue of how modern historians’ judgements about reliability of indigenous sources are closely related to how time is organised within those source texts. Its major finding is that these judgements implicitly assume that chronological organisation is a prerequisite of historicity. When indigenous texts exhibit chronological organisation, historians tend to treat them as historically reliable, but when the texts exhibit other forms of temporal organisation like genealogy, they tend to be seen as unreliable. This finding is reached through a structural analysis of three historical texts from across the region: the Malay Sulalat us-Salatin, the Balinese Babad Dalem and the Javanese Babad Tanah Jawi. The thesis deploys an original framework to analyse the temporal organisation of these three texts. This framework treats historical time as being constituted by particular ‘technologies’, such as era, calendar and genealogy, each of which produces its own temporality within the text. The thesis reassesses existing debates about the historicity of these three core texts, in order to show the correlation between the use of chronological technologies in a particular text and the positive judgement by historians of that text’s historical reliability. Hence, the multiple temporalities in the historical texts of equatorial Southeast Asia challenge the privilege that the conventional historiographical model gives to chronology. These texts can therefore serve as a basis for expanding these conventional criteria for what counts as a valid historical text, to better encompass the diversity of historical writing in this region.
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Boontharm, Dinar. "The Sultanate of Banten AD 1750-1808 : a social and cultural history." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5665.
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There are two contrasting scenes in the history of Banten: a history of a prosperous port sultanate in the sixteenth and seventeenth century, and a history of a dark and oppressed nineteenth-century society. The eighteenth century represents a gap between the two scenes. Historians have understood that during this period the Dutch East India Company (VOC) turned Banten a backwater of Java. Only a limited numbers of historians, however, have paid their attention on the study of Banten history during the second half of the eighteenth century. It is the aim of this thesis to study Banten society in this period to demonstrate its dynamics in both upper and lower strata. The thesis focuses only on the social and cultural aspects of the late-eighteenth-century Banten society. Indigenous sources, the law-book and the records of the Kadi Court, are mainly examined to draw up the picture of a living Southeast Asian society. The study begins with the examination of the two authorities holding the sovereignty over the sultanate, the Sultan and the VOC. Although the two authorities did not fight against each other in their rule over the state, it is worth studying the art of expressing the supremacy employed by both camps. Traditional Javanese kingship, Islam and the prosperity of the royal court were concentrated in the hands of the Sultan to secure his authority and to retain the recognition of his subjects. The VOC, on the other hand, applied a traditional overlord-vassal relationship to transform itself into a 'hybrid creature' - at once a merchant and a prince. The components of the VOC settlement in Banten are examined to prove its success. The study of the indigenous sources improves our understanding of the system of law and justice in the Sultanate of Banten. The Shari 'a law officially still played its role in people's way of life, while the state law and royal decree were created to secure the state administration and the ritual order at the centre of the kingdom. The examples of offences given in the law-book and the records of the matters brought before the Kadi Court are invaluable sources to help reconstruct the conditions in Banten society during the late eighteenth century. The life-style of people, material culture and prevailing social values can be drawn from these sources. The result shows Banten society as part of dynamic Southeast Asian world rather than an example of an ideal Muslim community.
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Quilty, Mary. "British economic thought and colonization in Southeast Asia, 1776-1850." Phd thesis, Department of History, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5672.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2002.Title from title screen (viewed November 11, 2009) Degree awarded 2002, thesis submitted 2001. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of History, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Lodge, Peter M. "The United States Role in the Creation and Development of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/LodgePM2008.pdf.
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Spandler, Kilian [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Diez. "Regional Organizations in International Society : Decolonization, Regionalization and Enlargement in Europe and Southeast Asia / Kilian Spandler ; Betreuer: Thomas Diez." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1164169351/34.
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Hudson, Geoffrey Stephen. "The Evolution of American Foreign Policy in Southeast Asia." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1373975377.
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au, multilingual1024@yahoo com, and Ta-Yuan Chen. "Taiwanese offshore (distant water) fisheries in Southeast Asia, 1936-1977." Murdoch University, 2007. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070328.92412.
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The Japanese colonial fisheries authorities of pre-war Taiwan played an important role in the diffusion of offshore and distant water fishing methods. Two of the main fisheries in post-war Taiwan, the longline and trawl fisheries, were introduced from Japan during the pre-war period. Although Taiwans fishing industry was devastated in the course of World War Two, with financial aid from the international community and the governments policy guidance, it was revived in a comparatively brief period of time. Fishing vessels from Taiwan, especially Kaohsiung, soon became, once again, a common sight in the waters of Southeast Asia. The first part of thesis traces the pre-war historical background, the governments post-war policy guidance and the birth of Taiwans offshore and distant water fishing industry in Southeast Asia after World War Two.
After the Chinese communists came to power in 1949 Taiwans fishing communities were placed under the strict surveillance of the Kuomintang authorities out of consideration for national security. The Taiwanese Government and the military adopted a variety of measures to control and regulate the development of the fishing communities. Also, the people in the fishing industry did their best to cope with the Government intervention.
To safeguard their onshore business interests, Kaohsiungs fishing companies also put considerable energy and effort into dealing with local shipyards, ice-manufacturers, and other fishing ancillary industries. Vessel owners developed industry partnership with those who were cooperative, and either avoided or boycotted those who were viewed as a potential nemesis. With a view to analysing the interactions between the fishing industry, the Government, the military, and key ancillary industries, the second part of the thesis focuses upon the history of Taiwans post-war fishing industry from the perspective of the national-industrial level.
The development of Kaohsiungs fishing industry was also deeply affected by ethnic factors. Siao Liouciou fishers were solely dedicated to the longline fishing method; Shandong people preferred to be involved in pair-trawl fishing. The final part of the thesis further narrows down the scope of the history of Taiwans fishing industry to the local level context of the fishing communities. The histories of six fishing companies are used to compare the cultures and management styles of the trawling and longlining fisheries. Finally, the fishers daily lives in the waters of Southeast Asia, and the culture and routine practices of Kaohsiungs fishing communities are explored in depth.
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Halcrow, Sian Ellen, and n/a. "Subadult health and disease in late prehistoric mainland Southeast Asia." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070621.161132.
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There is a general belief that a decline in health of prehistoric people occurred with the adoption and intensification of agriculture. However, recent bioarchaeological research in Southeast Asia does not seem to fit this model. An investigation of subadult health is particularly useful to assess this issue because immature individuals are very responsive to environmental changes. The increase of archaeological investigation in this region has provided an adequate sample to address this important aspect of human health using subadults.
The aim of this thesis was to produce a synthesis of subadult health and disease from late prehistoric Mainland Southeast Asia and assess whether there was evidence for a change in health with agricultural intensification. The samples, comprising a total 325 individuals, are from seven sites in Thailand, six from the Northeast and one from the Southeast coast, and collectively span from c. 4000 to 1500 B.P. Two hypotheses were developed based on previous bioarchaeological research in Southeast Asia. Firstly, there would be maintenance in health with the intensification of agriculture. Secondly, contrary to the first hypothesis, an increase in infectious disease in the later samples was predicted.
A biocultural research approach was used, where health and disease were assessed in relationship to evidence of the natural and cultural milieu. A comparative analysis of health indicators was carried out among the sites to assess whether there were any changes in health over time in response to environmental changes. Non-specific indicators of health were used in the assessment of palaeodemography, growth, growth disruption, dental health and skeletal pathology.
Analysis of mortality, fertility, growth, growth disruption and dental health found no differences among the sites that could be explained by temporality. These results support the first hypothesis, that health was maintained. The skeletal pathology results tentatively suggested an increase in these indicators in the later sites. An analysis of multiple indicators of stress in the populations indicated a possible decline in health, interpreted with environmental evidence suggesting an increase of infectious disease at the later sites. However, they suggest that the earliest site of Khok Phanom Di had extremely poor health. Thus, the second hypothesis was only partially supported.
Environmental evidence was used to provide possible explanations for these results. The heterogeneity of the health indicators support recent interpretations of localised environments of the sites. Also, retention of a broad-spectrum subsistence economy with agriculture may have overridden some of these changes that were seen in other parts of the world. Khok Phanom Di and the later sites were undergoing major changes in their natural and cultural environment, which could have resulted in an increase of infectious disease. These health results are consistent with suggestions that Khok Phanom Di was a distinct genetic population from those at the Northeast Thai sites. This biocultural interpretation emphasises the importance of understanding the environmental context in which these people lived.
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Farrelly, Michael. "State, society and water management in late imperial Southeast China." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123264.
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This thesis is a study of water management systems in the late imperial (1368-‐1912) Minnan region (southern Fujian), China. Based on stone inscriptions and local gazetteers, I present case histories of several well-‐documented water management systems. I explore trends in social organization and state-‐society issues relevant to water management systems, with particular emphasis placed upon the means by which lineages came to control water management structures. I then consider the causes and characteristics of water management-‐related conflict, as well as trends in government intervention in related disputes, and the principles upon which local officials adjudicated these disputes. I argue that property rights status was important to adjudication, particularly the concepts of "official," "communal" and "private" land and resources. Finally, I contextualize Minnan water management systems among systems in other parts of China.Cette thèse étudie les systèmes de gestion de l'eau pendant les dernières années de la période impériale dans la région de Minnan (dans le sud du Fujian) en Chine. L'histoire de plusieurs systèmes bien documentés de gestion de l'eau est présentée, à partir de l'étude de pierres avec des inscriptions et de registres locaux. Les tendances dans l'organisation sociale liée aux systèmes de gestion de l'eau et les problèmes politico-‐sociaux associés sont analysés, avec une attention toute particulière sur les moyens employés par les groupes pour contrôler les organisations qui gèrent l'eau. Les causes et les caractéristiques des conflits relatifs à la gestion de l'eau sont étudiées, ainsi que l'intervention des gouvernements et les principes suivis par les instances locales dans la résolution de ces disputes. Les auteurs soutiennent que le statut de la propriété importe dans l'attribution des ressources, en particulier les concepts de ressources « gouvernementales », « communales » et « privées ». En dernière partie, les systèmes de gestion de l'eau dans la région de Minnan sont mis en perspective avec les systèmes d'autres régions de la Chine.
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Fenton, Damien Humanities & Social Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "SEATO and the defence of Southeast Asia 1955-1965." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39436.
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Despite the role played by the South East Treaty Organisation (SEATO) in the defence of Western interests in that region during the Cold War, there has to date been no scholarly attempt to examine the development and performance of the organisation as a military alliance. This thesis is thus the first attempt to do so and as such seeks to take advantage of the recent release of much SEATO-related official material into the public domain by Western governments. This material throws new light upon SEATO???s aims and achievements, particularly in regard to the first ten years of its existence. Because SEATO was eventually rendered irrelevant by the events of the Second Indochina War (1965-1975) a popular perception has arisen that it was always a ???Paper Tiger??? lacking in substance, and thus easily dismissed. This thesis challenges this assumption by examining SEATO???s development in the decade before that conflict. The thesis analyses SEATO???s place in the wider Cold War and finds that it was part of a rational and consistent response within the broader Western strategy of containment to deter, and if need be, defeat, the threat of communist aggression. That threat was a very real one for Southeast Asia in the aftermath of the First Indochina War and one that was initially perceived in terms of the conventional military balance of power. This focus dominated SEATO???s strategic concepts and early contingency planning and rightly so, as an examination of the strength and development of the PLA and PAVN during this period demonstrates. SEATO developed a dedicated military apparatus, principally the Military Planning Office (MPO), that proved itself to be perfectly capable of providing the level of co-ordination and planning needed to produce a credible SEATO deterrent in this regard. SEATO enjoyed less success with its attempts to respond to the emergence of a significant communist insurgent threat, first in Laos then in South Vietnam, but the alliance did nonetheless recognise this threat and the failure of SEATO in this regard was one of political will rather than military doctrine. Indeed this thesis confirms that it was the increasingly disparate political agendas of a number of SEATO???s members that ultimately paralysed its ability to act and thus ensured its failure to meet its aims, at least insofar as the so-called ???Protocol States??? were concerned. But this failure should not be allowed to completely overshadow SEATO???s earlier achievements in providing a modicum of Western-backed stability and security to the region from 1955-1965.
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Kivi, Nicholas. "Reverse Engineering of Ancient Ceramic Technologies from Southeast Asia and South China." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13426471.
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Ceramic technologies of Myanmar and South China were analyzed in order to determine characteristic traits and technological origins. Given Myanmar’s geographically strategic position between China and Southwest Asia, its ceramic history needs to be reevaluated among the distinct traditions of Southeast Asia. The ceramics of Myanmar show evidence of imitation China and Southwest/Central Asia using locally sourced materials, giving support to Dr. Myo Thant Tyn’s theory of the convergence of the Chinese and Southwest/Central Asian ceramic traditions in Myanmar.
Seven ceramic technologies of Myanmar were analyzed: celadons, black-glazed jars (lead-barium and lead-iron-manganese glazes), brown ash glaze ware, green and opaque white-painted glaze ware and turquoise-glazed, coarse-bodied white earthenware. Celadon glazes and brown glazes were made with ash, similar to the Chinese celadon tradition. Green-and-white opaque ware utilized copper-green colorant glaze decoration with tin and lead oxides as opacifying agents on low-fired oxidized bodies. Both these traditions are probably derived from Southwest Asian ceramic and glass traditions. High-soda, copper-turquoise glazes on coarse white earthenware bodies are influenced by Southwest and Central Asian low-fire ceramic and glass traditions. Black-glazed, “Martaban”-style storage jars were variable in body and glaze technology and are still of indeterminable technological origin. A phase-separated glaze was analyzed that had a similar phase-separated appearance to northern Chinese Jun ware.
Additionally, two black-glazed ware types from South China with vertical streaking phase separation were analyzed: Xiba kiln of Sichuan and Jianyang kilns of Fujian. The recently discovered and excavated Xiba kiln made experimental and striking stoneware bowls similar to Jianyang “hare’s fur” ware. Reverse engineering the manufacture of Xiba kiln ware determined that Xiba was an innovative site that imitated Jianyang ware aesthetically but not technologically. Xiba and Jianyang do not have any connection to the six Burmese glaze styles, however, future analyses of Southeast Asian ceramics can use the data for comparison and variability research.
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Fahy, Brian. "Holistic shipwreck assemblages in 14th and 15th century Southeast Asia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4a26a290-3bd3-423d-9e30-18bf314aeac8.
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The ceramic trade throughout Medieval Southeast Asia was prolific. Terrestrial sites have yielded massive amounts of ceramic material and the archaeological reports of shipwreck cargoes corroborate the versatile and extensive qualities of trade ceramics in the region. The sheer quantity of ceramic artefacts found in shipwreck assemblages, paired with a well-researched framework of the aesthetic, demonstrates that we rely heavily on ceramic data to date wrecks and establish regional trading patterns. While ceramics typically represent the bulk of the recovered material in these instances, many other types of material are present in the various assemblages. Yet these "lesser" materials suffer from a lack of investigation and, therefore, play virtually no role in the archaeological and historical assessment of the ship, its cargo, and its relationship to the maritime economy of the period. While ceramic studies may provide a general overview, a consideration of the other material provides subtlety and nuance to the analysis. This case study focuses on the non-ceramic assemblages for six shipwrecks from the 14th and 15th Centuries of Southeast Asia (three Chinese-built and three Southeast Asian-styled junks). The typological study of the metallurgical, organic and geological material from these wrecks can complement much of the work surrounding existing trade models as well as reveal new concepts of crew life, belief systems and culture. These facets come together to offer a more holistic narrative as well as stimulating the need within the region for more study regarding the locations where past peoples mined and manufactured raw metals. The thesis will also consider the motivations behind the excavators of these projects and what role this plays in the interpretation of the non-ceramic material. One wreck was excavated by treasure hunters, one was done by an amateur archaeologist and a curator, and a third was excavated by a governmental organization. Two excavations were conducted by a non-profit foundation in conjunction with a National Museum and a final one was a purely academic excavation. Each party brings their own experiences and motivations to the excavation and therefore the systems of collection, curation, and conservation weigh heavily and are varied. These factors can determine what priorities each excavator brings to the analysis of excavated objects and the extent to which this effects the subsequent interpretation of the shipwreck.
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Jones, Lee C. "ASEAN, social conflict and intervention in Southeast Asia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c17c8000-e2f2-46c2-a421-5a94a94bea0d.
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This thesis challenges the prevailing academic and journalistic consensus that ASEAN states, bound by a cast-iron norm of non-interference, do not intervene in other states’ internal affairs. It argues that ASEAN states have frequently engaged in acts of intervention, often with very serious, negative consequences. Using methods of critical historical sociology, the thesis reconstructs the history of ASEAN’s non-interference principle and interventions from ASEAN’s inception onwards, drawing on sources including ASEAN and UN documents, US and UK archives, and policymaker interviews. It focuses especially on three case studies: East Timor, Cambodia, and Myanmar. The thesis argues that both the emergence of ideologies of non-intervention and their violation can be explained by the social conflicts animating state policies. Non-interference was developed by embattled, authoritarian, capitalist elites in an attempt to bolster their defence of capitalist social order from radical challenges. Where adherence to non-intervention failed to serve this purpose, it was discarded or manipulated to permit cross-border ‘containment’ operations. After communism was defeated in the ASEAN states, foreign policy continued to promote the interests of dominant, state-linked business groups and oligarchic factions. Non-interference shifted to defend domestic power structures from the West’s liberalising agenda. However, ASEAN elites continued meddling in neighbouring states even as containment operations were discarded. This contributed to the collapse of Cambodia’s ruling coalition in 1997, and ASEAN subsequently intervened to restore it. The 1997 Asian financial crisis dealt a crippling blow to ASEAN. To contain domestic unrest in Indonesia, core ASEAN states joined a humanitarian intervention in East Timor in 1999. In the decade since, non-interference has been progressively weakened as the core members struggle to regain domestic legitimacy and lost international political and economic space. This is expressed most clearly in ASEAN’s attempts to insert itself into Myanmar’s democratisation process after decades of failed ‘constructive engagement’.
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Wong, Swee Fong Languages & Linguistics Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Memoir-writing and the post-colonial Southeast Asian subject and across three languages, two lands: a life narrative." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Languages & Linguistics, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40752.
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This dissertation consists of a critical component, 'Memoir-Writing and the Post-Colonial Southeast Asian Subject' and a creative piece titled Across Three Languages, Two Lands: A Life Narrative. Critical Component: Stuart Hall's definition of the individual as a subject underpins the critical component of my dissertation. Hall, working with Foucault's concept of subjectivity, states that 'the subject is produced within discourse ... It must submit to its rules and conventions, to its dispositions of power/knowledge' (Hall, 1997a, p. 55). For the purpose of this dissertation, I focus on cultural and social influences that impact on the post-colonial subject of Southeast Asia during the time period covered in the life narrative. In terms of cultural discourse, I investigate the adoption of English over the individual's native language, and by inference culture, as one's first language. In the area of social discourse, I look into the influence of nationalism in the context of Malaysia and Singapore. My investigation is carried out through an analysis of Maxine Hong Kingston's Woman Warrior. The Return by K.S. Maniam and Among the White Moonfaces by Shirley Lim. Through the creative component, I strive to do two things: narrate a personal story and in it, portray aspects of social history. The critical essay provides explanations for a more cogent reading of the life story. In addition the essay brings another facet of understanding to the postcolonial experience, one from the Southeast Asian point of view. Creative Component: Across Three Languages, Two Lands: A Life Narrative is the life story of the protagonist, Leong Kah Yan. Yan was born into a traditional Cantonese/Chinese family and grew up in newly independent, post-colonial Malaysia, in the 1960s and 1970s. Being Chinese and educated in English resulted in her subsequent marginalisation when Malaysia switched to privileging the Malays in the country's version of nationalism. Her migration to Singapore in the late 1970s coincided with the country plunging into vigorous nation-building and brought questions of delineation between nation and self. In addition, there was also the personal struggle between the role of English and her native language and culture in her life. Coming to terms with all these factors brought resolution to a certain degree. With awareness that each factor had left an indelible mark on her identity, Van's reconciliation is a middle ground where the individual is comfortable amidst communal and nationalistic demands. Reference Hall, S. (1997a) The Work of Representation. IN HALL, S. (Ed.) Representation: Cultural Representations & Signifying Practices. London, Sage Publications.
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Hadi, Amirul. "Aceh and the Portuguese : a study of the struggle of Islam in southeast Asia, 1500-1579." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61294.
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The coming of the Portuguese to Malacca in 1511 disrupted the existence of the people of the Malay-Indonesian archipelago, where trade and Islam were the main influences. The Christian European intruders were regarded as both economic competitors and religious enemies. The Muslim kingdoms of the region put up fierce resistance to the Portuguese. The strongest opposition was shown by Aceh. Its response was mainly expression in three aspects; military action, political maneuvering and economic reaction. Jihad (holy war) also played an important spiritual role in the response. This resistance combined with the strategic location of Aceh in the northern tip of Sumatra and the support of other Muslim powers accelerated the rise of Aceh in the sixteenth century.
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Tofighian, Nadi. "Blurring the Colonial Binary : Turn-of-the-Century Transnational Entertainment in Southeast Asia." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-94155.
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This dissertation examines and writes the early history of distribution and exhibition of moving images in Southeast Asia by observing the intersection of transnational itinerant entertainment and colonialism. It is a cultural history of turn-of-the-century Southeast Asia, and focuses on the movement of films, people, and amusements across oceans and national borders. The starting point is two simultaneous and interrelated processes in the late 1800s, to which cinema contributed. One process, colonialism and imperialism, separated people into different classes of people, ruler and ruled, white and non-white, thereby creating and widening a colonial binary. The other process was bringing the world closer, through technology, trade, and migration, and compressing the notions of time and space. The study assesses the development of cinema in a colonial setting and how its development disrupted notions of racial hierarchies. The first decade of cinema in Southeast Asia, particularly in Singapore, is used as a point of reference from where issues such as imperialism, colonial discourse, nation-building, ethnicity, gender, and race is discussed. The development of film exhibition and distribution in Southeast Asia is tracked from travelling film exhibitors and agents to the opening of a regional Pathé Frères office and permanent film venues. By having a transnational perspective the interconnectedness of Southeast Asia is demonstrated, as well as its constructed national borders. Cinematic venues throughout Southeast Asia negotiated segregated, colonial racial politics by creating a common social space where people from different ethnic and social backgrounds gathered. Furthermore, this study analyses what kind of worldview the exhibited pictures had and how audiences reproduced their meanings.
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King, Philip. "From periphery to centre shaping the history of the central peninsula /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070821.140808/index.html.
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Hoogervorst, Tom Gunnar. "Southeast Asia in the ancient Indian Ocean world : combining historical linguistic and archaeological approaches." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b8b47816-7184-42ab-958e-026bc3431ea3.
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This thesis casts a new light on the role of Southeast Asia in the ancient Indian Ocean World. It brings together data and approaches from archaeology and historical linguistics to examine cultural and language contact between Southeast Asia and South Asia, East Africa and the Middle East. The interdisciplinary approach employed in this study reveals that insular Southeast Asian seafarers, traders and settlers had impacted on these parts of the world in pre-modern times through the transmission of numerous biological and cultural items. It is further demonstrated that the words used for these commodities often contain clues about the precise ethno-linguistic communities involved in their transoceanic dispersal. The Methodology chapter introduces some common linguistic strategies to examine language contact and lexical borrowing, to determine the directionality of loanwords and to circumvent the main caveats of such an approach. The study then proceeds to delve deeper into the socio-cultural background of interethnic contact in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean as a whole, focusing on the oft-neglected Southeast Asian contributions to the cultural landscape of this region and addressing the nature of pre-modern contact between Southeast Asia and the different parts of the Indian Ocean Word. Following from that, the last three chapters look in-depth at the dispersal of respectively Southeast Asian plants, spices and maritime technology into the wider Indian Ocean World. Although concepts and their names do not always neatly travel together across ethno-linguistic boundaries, these chapters demonstrate how a closer examination of lexical data offers supportive evidence and new perspectives on events of cultural contact not otherwise documented. Cumulatively, this study underlines that the analysis of lexical data is a strong tool to examine interethnic contact, particularly in pre-literate societies. Throughout the Indian Ocean World, Southeast Asian products and concepts were mainly dispersed by Malay-speaking communities, although others played a role as well.
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錢江 and Kong James Chin. "Merchants and other sojourners: the Hokkiens overseas, 1570-1760." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894057.
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Sykes, Ian. "HOW TO TRY TO MASK COLONIALISM AND FAIL ANYWAY: AMERICAN PROPAGANDA IN NON-COMMUNIST ASIA DURING THE EARLY COLD WAR." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/566222.
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HistoryM.A.
This paper examines Free World articles covering anticommunism, modernization, decolonization, intra-regionalism, US foreign affairs, US foreign aid, and neocolonialism because the task of popularizing specific iterations of these ideas illustrated the implementation of the ideas formulated in NSC 48/5. Moreover, NSC 48/5 called non-communist Asia the location of “the most immediate threats to American National Security.” My paper seeks to answer the question of how American propaganda in Asia, seen through a case study of Free World, tried to accomplish this popularization objective. I argue that the United States Information Agency (USIA) masked America’s neocolonialist intentions and activities in East and Southeast Asia through a rhetoric of anticommunism, intra-regionalism, and modernization.
Temple University--Theses
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Stelbrink, Björn. "A biogeographic view on Southeast Asia's history." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17094.
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Das tropische Südostasien, und besonders der Indo-Australische Archipel, ist bekannt für seine bemerkenswerte floristische und faunistische Diversität, besonders konzentriert in vier der identifizierten Biodiversitäts-Hotspots (Indochina, Sundaland, die Philippinen und Wallacea). In dieser Arbeit wird die biogeographische Geschichte Südostasiens beleuchtet, um Regionen mit einer erhöhten Biodiversität zu identifizieren und zu testen, ob dies mit Diversifikationen innerhalb der Region und Einwanderungen und/oder Auswanderungen korreliert und ob sich diese Faktoren über die Zeit hinweg ausgleichen. Ein besonderer Augenmerk wird auf Sulawesi und seine besondere Fauna gelegt, um zu testen, ob ein Ursprung durch Vikarianz für verschiedene Tiergruppen plausibel erscheint und wann Diversifikationen innerhalb der Fisch- und Schnecken-Radiationen im Malili-Seensystem begannen. Dabei wird auf Meta-Analysen und mehrere Disziplinen zurückgegriffen für eine integrative biogeographische Geschichte Südoastasiens und seiner Fauna, indem molekulare Uhr-Analysen, Berechnungen zur Ermittlung des Ursprungsortes mit tektonischen, paläogeographischen und klimatischen Rekonstruktionen verbunden werden, um potentielle Ursachen für die heutige Verbreitung zu finden.Tropical Southeast Asia, and particularly the Indo-Australian Archipelago, is known for its tremendous floral and faunal biodiversity, mainly accumulated in four of the world’s biodiversity hotspots identified (Indochina, Sundaland, the Philippines, and Wallacea). Here, Southeast Asia’s biogeographic history is examined to identify areas being characterized by high levels of biodiversity (number of lineages, species richness) through time and to test whether the respective biota is mainly due to in situ diversification, immigration and/or emigration, or equilibrium dynamics. Moreover, this thesis focuses particularly on Sulawesi and its peculiar fauna to test if a vicariant origin appears plausible for certain groups and when the remarkable fish and snail radiations found in the Malili Lakes system started to diversify. To achieve this, meta-analytical and multi-disciplinary approaches are considered for an integrative historical biogeographic history of Southeast Asia and its biota by using molecular clock analyses and ancestral area estimations together with tectonic, palaeogeographic and climatic reconstructions to reveal potential causes for present-day distribution.
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Ryu, Yongwook. "Identity and Security: Identity Distance Theory and Regional Affairs in Northeast and Southeast Asia." Thesis, Harvard University, 2011. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10046.
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The dissertation explores the relationship between identity and international security, and tests the effect of the former on the latter by analyzing a set of puzzling phenomena in East Asia—the emergence of mutual threat perception in Sino-Japanese relations; increasingly conflictual relations between Korea and Japan after Korea’s democratization; the establishment of a regional human rights mechanism by ASEAN; and the settlement of key territorial disputes by Southeast Asian nations. Coupled with the diverging frequency of militarized interstate disputes between both regions, these phenomena suggest that Northeast Asia (NEA) has become a region of conflict with high tensions, while Southeast Asia (SEA) has increasingly developed into a region of peace with decreasing tension. The dissertation advances a new theoretical framework, namely, identity distance theory, to understand these puzzling phenomena. Identity distance refers to perceived socio-psychological differences between groups, and its widening (narrowing) is hypothesized to increase (decrease) the likelihood of intergroup conflict. Using a variety of methods—content analysis of newspapers; political elite survey; and a controlled case study on territorial disputes—the dissertation shows that it is the contrasting evolution of identity distance in the two regions that is the key to explaining the cross-regional differences. The root cause of the widening identity distance in NEA is the rise of the so-called history problem (lishi wenti) in the 1980s, influencing China’s threat perception of Japan and altering the effect of Korea’s democratization on its relations with Japan. In contrast, the narrowing identity distance in SEA due to the construction of a regional identity and community since the 1990s enabled thorny issues such as human rights to be discussed more freely by raising the comfort level among regional countries, and resulted in the resolution of two key territorial disputes in SEA through the arbitration of the International Court of Justice. Identity distance theory proposes a connection between identity and security, and contends that identity-related issues are an important factor affecting different regional dynamics. The findings of the dissertation suggest that the relations of enmity and amity between states are socially constructed through interactions between actors, which engender certain social identities and relations favorable for peace or conflict.Government
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Guthrie, Elizabeth. "A study of the history and cult of the Buddhist Earth Deity in mainland Southeast Asia." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Religious Studies, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4350.
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This study commenced during a visit to Cambodia in 1994 when I became intrigued by statues and paintings of a beautiful young woman wringing water from her long hair under the Buddha's throne. I learned that her name was
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Leadbetter, Michael Paul. "Beyond the Faces in the Jungle, An archaeology of settlement patterns and urbanisation in Insular Southeast Asia." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18743.
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In recent years there has been a fluorescence of new theories, methodologies, and findings about settlement landscapes and the process of urbanisation across Southeast Asia. Numerous important syntheses of the archaeology of Southeast Asia have provided compilations and summaries of site data introducing a wider spectrum of settlement forms than the conventions of village, entrepôt and urbanism have previously encompassed. Using a theoretically- informed multi-scalar approach, this thesis examines Insular Southeast Asia – including the Malay Peninsula and Singapore, the Philippines, Borneo and Western Indonesia – in order to reappraise the relationship between the forms of settlements, trade and the urbanising process in maritime Southeast Asia during the ‘classical’ period. The material archaeology of each site is brought in to a comparative conversation with other sites across the region, reconsidering and reconceptualising a number of theoretical propositions, models and explanatory frameworks, including low-density urbanism, the Bronson settlement model, the role of economic determinants, entrepôts and the importance of ritual in transforming the relationships between humans and their landscapes. Ultimately the multi-scalar analysis goes beyond the iconic image of the ‘faces in the jungle’ to demonstrate the great diversity of the types of settlements that engaged in trade across Insular Southeast Asia in the ‘classical’ period.
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Miller, Anthony J. "PIONEERS IN EXILE: THE CHINA INLAND MISSION AND MISSIONARY MOBILITY IN CHINA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA, 1943-1989." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/26.
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My dissertation explores how the movement of missionaries across Asia responded to the currents of nationalism, decolonization, and the Cold War producing ideas about sovereignty, race, and religious rights. More specifically, it looks at how U.S. evangelicals in the China Inland Mission, an international and interdenominational mission society, collaborated with Christians in the Atlantic and Pacific worlds. While doing so it also details the oft-neglected study of the post-China careers of former China missionaries by extensive use of oral histories. Forced to abandon its only field by the Chinese Communist Party, the mission redeployed as the Overseas Missionary Fellowship sending agents to new nations such as Japan, Indonesia, and Thailand and amongst the overseas Chinese populations scattered across Southeast Asia. The last chapter looks at the OMF’s return to the People’s Republic of China as tourists and expatriates as the means by which “rapprochement” took on religious meanings. Ultimately, I argue missionary mobility produced ideas about religious freedom as a human right across the international community rooted in ambivalent, racialized attitudes toward Asians.
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Basa, Kishor K. "The westerly trade of southeast Asia from c. 440 BC to c. 500 AD with special reference to glass beads." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283176.
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O'Donnell, Shawn Alden. "Human-rainforest interactions in Island Southeast Asia : Holocene vegetation history in Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) and Palawan (western Philippines)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271809.
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This research employs a modern analogue approach to examine relationships between pollen, vegetation change, and land use in the tropical environments of Island Southeast Asia over the past ~5000 years. Interpretation of fossil pollen data relies upon uniformitarian principles. Few modern pollen- vegetation studies from the region exist, and those that do have focused on climatic or ecological aims. Main contributions of this study are: the collection and analysis of modern botanical data and pollen assemblages from various human-modified and ‘natural’ vegetation types; and the comparison of this modern dataset with fossil pollen sequences in order to test hypotheses relating to signatures of past land use. Some fossil assemblages showed statistical similarity with those from modern ‘cultured’ landscapes, whilst others aligned more closely with those from natural vegetation. Cores from the northern Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, contain assemblages from 1700 cal BP onwards that are similar to those produced by modern arboriculture; a core from the southern Highlands contains fossil assemblages as old as 2000 cal BP that align with those from modern wet rice paddies. These ages coincide with the earliest archaeological dates from nearby sites. Earlier vegetation changes appear to relate to edaphic development and climatic fluctuations. In northern Palawan, western Philippines, the first fossil pollen sequence from the island records post-5000 cal BP marine regression, hydrological fluctuations that are likely related to ENSO cyclicities, and persistence of open landscapes with minor evidence of closed forest after 2750 cal BP. This contrasts with existing proxy data that imply increasingly closed forest through the Holocene. In a region where direct archaeobotanical evidence is sparse, and little modern pollen- vegetation work has been done, this research contributes to clarifying modes and timings of changes in subsistence-related disturbance, as well as bolstering recent interpretations from other palaeoclimatic proxies for ENSO intensification from ~4000 cal BP. These results, and those from similar future studies, can provide baseline data for long-term monitoring and conservation initiatives.
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Hill, Geoffrey Burt. "'A breeding-ground of authors' : South East Asia in British fiction, 1945-1960." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708370.
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Soon, Simon Sien Yong. "What is Left of Art? The Spatio‐Visual Practice of Political Art in Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines, 1950s–1970s." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14186.
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What is Left of Art? begins with a simple question about the place of art during a period of great socio-political transformation. How did artists respond to the upheaval brought about by modern political changes? Where was art located in times of moral and political crises? In my research, I take the left-leaning political art movements in Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines as case studies, looking at the period from 1950s – 1970s. This thesis makes an original contribution to the critical inquiry of left-leaning political art through a comparative study that posits discursive affinity of this form of art practice across four countries that have hitherto not been considered collectively. Instead of focusing on analysing the meaning behind the works of art or simply providing a descriptive historical account of these movements, I have identified three domains of political art for productive inquiry. These are the organisation, the text and the street. While these components, and the artistic strategies explored within them, were not exclusive to Southeast Asian modern art, as demonstrated by the social art histories in many other different contexts, the specific conditions of post-war Southeast Asia produce a common historical experience. It underlines the significance of historical structure in shaping the character of politicisation of art in Southeast Asia. My thesis explores how these domains of political art could be understood as strategies explored by the cultural left to rethink received discourses and institutions of modern art in order to engender a different aesthetic paradigm centered on the commitment towards the people. Often these include re-imagining how art constituted a spatio-visual practice that shaped or intervened in modern urban spaces. The street in this sense represents a significant trope and site of engagement with a broader public. Through this reading, I hope to demonstrate the terms of artistic production through which I am able to make visible an archaeology of political and ideological pressures that shape the artistic modernities of post-war Southeast Asia.
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Smith, Holly E. "Taphonomy and site formation history of vertebrate-bearing breccia in the caves of Sumatra." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/410300.
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Breccia is a calcareous clastic deposit that has recently emerged as a source of taphonomic information in the caves of Southeast Asia. Fossil remains are often cemented in the deposits, preserving evidence of a rich and interesting palaeohistory in the region. Previous research notes that taphonomic reconstruction of fossil assemblages in dynamic settings like the tropical caves of Southeast Asia is crucial for the temporal reconstruction of palaeoenvironment and regional chronostratigraphies. Direct dating of incorporated fossil remains persists as the convention in determining the mechanisms of vertebrate accumulation. However, the complex infilling and depositional history of the fossiliferous breccia deposits make it difficult to ascertain the provenance of the faunal remains within and the taphonomic factors that influence them. A contextual approach is crucial to reconstructing the complex taphonomic history of Southeast Asian cave fossils, the depositional history of the breccia in which they are cemented and the diagenesis of the sediments in which they are held.
In this thesis, a multimethod model is employed for establishing the dominant factors responsible for the accumulation and preservation of the vertebrate remains in karstic breccia from Sumatran caves. To achieve this, a digital imaging survey is combined with a micro-contextual study to reveal the internal composition of consolidated breccia deposits without the need for destructive preparation. The geological context of the breccia deposits and spatial distribution data of the remains within are analysed. A novel holistic approach is developed for reconstructing the taphonomic history of Southeast Asian cave fossil assemblages in future data collection studies.
Through the course of this research, it is demonstrated that i) the mechanisms of vertebrate-bearing breccia deposition in Sumatran caves are significantly understudied
ii) breccia deposits have potential for establishing the dominant factors responsible for the accumulation and preservation of Sumatran cave vertebrate remains iii) a wealth of unexploited taphonomic data can reveal the agents that shape the regions cave fossil assemblages and add new taxa to the Sumatran fossil record iv) the post- depositional taphonomic agents that shape Southeast Asian cave fossil assemblages are directly linked to the various processes of formation during cave infilling and so the sedimentary context of the fossil-bearing breccia must be considered during analysis.
This thesis reveals the internal composition of fossiliferous cave deposits in Southeast Asia and the taphonomic events that transpired at each cave site. A literature review demonstrates there is limited research addressing the taphonomic and depositional histories of faunal skeletal assemblages in tropical Southeast Asia. The study also indicates that conventional direct dating methods are susceptible to significant risk of time- or habitat-averaging due to natural ‘mixing’ processes of remains in complex tropical cave environments (Chapter 2). Therefore, the first taxonomic and taphonomic description of vertebrate fossils from Ngalau Gupin cave in the Padang Highlands of Sumatra, Indonesia is undertaken. This is a newly discovered site that provides us with a unique opportunity to examine the taphonomic pathways fossils can take in a tropical cave setting. This survey not only assesses the taphonomic agents that shaped the Ngalau Gupin faunal assemblage but explores the limitations of dating vertebrate remains in this complex cave environment (Chapter 3). These studies propose that future research may benefit from three-dimensional analyses of spatial distribution data to assess the spatial location and temporal sequence of sediment layers, and inclusions within the breccia laid down during formation. A digital survey proves this hypothesis to be correct as thermal neutron imaging of the breccia reveals the primary agents in the formation and concentration of incorporated vertebrate remains in the caves of Southeast Asia (Chapter 4). The potential in using a multi-scale multi-method approach is proven as micromorphological analysis reveals further evidence of a complex suite of taphonomic agents, post-depositional alterations and diagenetic trends that have modified the fossil assemblages in the caves of Sumatra, including carnivore occupation, water action and calcite precipitation (Chapter 5).
This research lays the groundwork for even greater development in the future. Further expansion of the techniques developed in this thesis, ones that include analyses of spatial distribution data and micro-context, would facilitate research into reconstructing infilling and sedimentary histories of breccia deposits. Thus, future research has the potential to build on the studies presented here to resolve mechanisms of site formation, depositional history, and faunal accumulation in tropical environments; evidence of value in establishing stratigraphic provenance and temporal positions of fossil-bearing deposits in complex depositional environments across Southeast Asia.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Clarke, Wesley S. "Return to P'ong Tuk: Preliminary Reconnaissance of a Seminal Dvaravati Site in West-central Thailand." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1321396671.
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Averbuch, Bryan Douglas. "From Siraf to Sumatra: Seafaring and Spices in the Islamicate Indo-Pacific, Ninth-Eleventh Centuries C.E." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10805.
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This dissertation is a study of early Islamicate commerce in natural luxuries of the tropical Indian Ocean and Western Pacific Rim, such as spices, ambergris and pearls, between the ninth and eleventh centuries C.E. I approach this topic by looking at a wide array of textual sources, from geographies, anecdotes, travel narratives, inscriptions, and the records of embassies, to materia medica and the oldest surviving Islamicate cookbook. I analyze these sources alongside material culture, archeological evidence from ports in Iran, Oman, and Southeast Asia, and newly-discovered shipwrecks from the Java Sea. Adapting the work of environmental scientists to the thesis, I locate this early Islamicate commerce within a bio-geographical space, the tropical "Indo-Pacific." I argue that desires for the tropical luxuries of the environmentally-distinct Indo-Pacific helped to define the cosmopolitan culture of early Islamicate societies, from Iran and Iraq to Egypt and Spain. These desires promoted an expanding Islamicate maritime commerce across the Indo-Pacific, which led to the flourishing of port-cities in southern Iran and Oman. This maritime trade expanded Islamicate geographical horizons, as reflected in the evolving "wonders" and geographical literature of the era. It also led to early contacts between the Islamic world and the peoples of the tropical Pacific Rim, a phenomenon that contributed, in time, to the formation of Islamicate societies in maritime Southeast Asia.Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations
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Wain, Alexander David Robert. "Chinese Muslims and the conversion of the Nusantara to Islam." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:53a48196-ac0e-4510-b74d-794c48e976ed.
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This thesis is a comprehensive re-examination of Maritime Southeast Asia's (or the Nusantara's) Islamic conversion history between the late thirteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Traditionally, academia has attributed this event to Muslim traders and/or Sufis from either India and/or the Middle East. During the late twentieth century, however, a number of scholars began to consider the possibility of Chinese Muslim involvement. The resulting discussions focused on a re-evaluation of Javanese history in the context of attempts to re-conceptualise pre-modern Nusantara trade (considered the catalyst for Islamisation) as fundamentally orientated towards Southern China, where Muslims played a significant commercial role from the seventh through to the early fifteenth centuries. Despite the intrinsic merits of these efforts, however, they have all been limited by an overwhelming focus on Java and a tendency to examine the relevant issues over only a very narrow time span. This thesis seeks to rectify these problems. First, it will evaluate the validity of the new commercial framework over a much longer period – from the rise of Śrīvijaya in the seventh century CE to the establishment of the early seventeenth-century European trade monopolies. This longue dureé view will provide a much stronger basis for both conclusively re-orientating pre-modern Nusantaran trade towards China and also positing it as the catalyst for conversion, with Chinese Muslims at its heart. Second, the thesis will look beyond Java to examine the conversion histories of several other important Nusantara locations (Samudera-Pasai, Melaka and Brunei), as accessed through early written texts (indigenous, European and Chinese) and archaeology. The thesis then, and thirdly, couples this examination with a consideration of the Islamic influences which came to bear on the Nusantara’s early intellectual and architectural expressions of Islam. Ultimately, by taking this broad chronological, geographical and cultural approach, the thesis aims to more reliably assess the possibility that Chinese Muslims influenced the Nusantara’s initial Islamisation process.
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Sugarman, Michael William. "Slums, squatters and urban redevelopment schemes in Bombay, Hong Kong, and Singapore, 1894-1960." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276904.
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My research examines the interconnected histories of urbanism and urban development in port cities across South and Southeast Asia. Chapter one examines the effects of the third plague pandemic on the quotidian livelihoods and the built environments of the urban poor across Bombay, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Considering corporeal measures to inspect the bodies and homes of the urban poor and measures to introduce urban ‘improvement’ schemes, this chapter argues that plague sparked a sustained interest in the urban conditions of the poor across British South and Southeast Asia. Chapter two considers the works of the Bombay Improvement Trust, Rangoon Development Trust, and Singapore Improvement Trust through the early decades of the twentieth century and analyses how an imperial urbanism based on a ‘Bombay model’ translated to Singapore and other port cities across the Indian Ocean world. Chapter three considers the consequences of the second wave of ‘indirect’ attacks on urban slums on an evolving imperial urbanism in Bombay, Rangoon, and Singapore. While previous chapters examined the emergence of an imperial urbanism centred on Bombay’s example, chapter four considers the extent to which Bombay remained central to this urbanism during the late 1930s and Second World War. Analysing the divergent consequences of patterns of urban growth in Bombay, Hong Kong, and Singapore throughout the late-1930s, this chapter considers late-colonial efforts to house the urban poor as well as the extent to which the war recast the post-war housing situation. Chapter five contextualises post-war rhetoric of economic and urban development in Hong Kong and Singapore within narratives of pre-war urban ‘improvement’. In connecting pre-war and post-war approaches to accommodating the urban poor, the final chapter considers the reorientation of earlier circulations of knowledge around urban poverty in port cities and its implications for emerging post-colonial regional, national and urban identities.
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Lim, Jason. "Nationalism, tea leaves and a common voice : the Fujian-Singapore tea trade and the political and trading concerns of the Singapore Chinese tea merchants, 1920-1960." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0088.
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[Truncated abstract] Conventional historical research on the tea trade focussed on the trade between the United Kingdom and China up to 1937. Very little has been done on the tea trade between China and other regions such as colonial Singapore. In addition, the focus on the overseas Chinese community in Singapore has concentrated on two opposite ends of the social ladder the rich traders or merchants who came to dominate the political, economic and social life of the community, and the coolies or those in the working class and how the harsh reality of life in colonial Singapore often quashed any dreams they had of a better life. The key focus of this dissertation is a study of the trading links between a group of Chinese traders in Singapore and commodity producers in China. To date, research into Chinese traders in Singapore has focussed on their trade in products from British Malaya such as rubber and tin. This dissertation aims to steer away from this approach, and study the relationship between Fujian tea production and trade and the Chinese tea traders in Singapore . . . This dissertation, therefore, takes a two-pronged approach. First, it examines the conditions in Fujian tea production and trade since they were the key trading concerns of the Chinese tea traders in Singapore. Secondly, the dissertation examines the political beliefs and sense of patriotism among the Chinese tea traders in Singapore and their response to major events in their lives such as the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), the Japanese Occupation of Singapore (1942-1945), the Chinese Civil War (1945-1949) and self-government for Singapore from June 1959.
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Roberts, Mervyn Edwin III. "Let the Dogs Bark: The Psychological War in Vietnam, 1960-1968." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849646/.
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Between 1960 and 1968 the United States conducted intensive psychological operations (PSYOP) in Vietnam. To date, no comprehensive study of the psychological war there has been conducted. This dissertation fills that void, describing the development of American PSYOP forces and their employment in Vietnam. By looking at the complex interplay of American, North Vietnamese, National Liberation Front (NLF) and South Vietnamese propaganda programs, a deeper understanding of these activities and the larger war emerges.
The time period covered is important because it comprises the initial introduction of American PSYOP advisory forces and the transition to active participation in the war. It also allows enough time to determine the long-term effects of both the North Vietnamese/NLF and American/South Vietnamese programs. Ending with the 1968 Tet Offensive is fitting because it marks both a major change in the war and the establishment of the 4th Psychological Operations Group to manage the American PSYOP effort.
This dissertation challenges the argument that the Northern/Viet Cong program was much more effective that the opposing one. Contrary to common perceptions, the North Vietnamese propaganda increasingly fell on deaf ears in the south by 1968. This study also provides support for understanding the Tet Offensive as a desperate gamble born out of knowledge the tide of war favored the Allies by mid-1967. The trend was solidly towards the government and the NLF increasingly depended on violence to maintain control.
The American PSYOP forces went to Vietnam with little knowledge of the history and culture of Vietnam or experience conducting psychological operations in a counterinsurgency. As this dissertation demonstrates, despite these drawbacks, they had considerable success in the period covered. Although facing an experienced enemy in the psychological war, the U.S. forces made great strides in advising, innovating techniques, and developing equipment.
I rely extensively on untapped sources such as the Foreign Broadcast Information Service transcripts, Captured Document Exploitation Center files, and access to the U.S. Army Special Operations Command Archives. Additionally, I have digitized databases such as the Hamlet Evaluation System and Terrorist Incident Reporting System for Geographic Information System software analysis. The maps provide examples of the possibilities available to the historian using these datasets.
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Seddelmeyer, Laura M. "All the Way with LBJ?: Australian Grand Strategy and the Vietnam War." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1236630726.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio University, March, 2009.Title from PDF t.p. Release of full electronic text on OhioLINK has been delayed until April 1, 2014. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-108)
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Rollins, Joel D. (Joel David). "An Analysis of Propaganda in the Yellow Rain Controversy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500599/.
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The use of arguments containing increasingly technical materials has grown significantly in the recent years. Specifically, arguments that are used to justify military expenditures or to allege violations of international agreements are becoming more sophisticated. This study examines the dissemination and use of technical argument in claims made by the United States government that the Soviet Union violated chemical and biological treaties in Southeast Asia and Afghanistan. This study employs the Jowett-O'Donnell method for analyzing propaganda to determine the extent and effectiveness of the government's claims. The study concludes that propaganda was used extensively by the government in order to justify new weapons programs and that the propaganda campaign was effective because of the technological orientation of its claims.
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Mawson, Stephanie Joy. "Incomplete conquests in the Philippine archipelago, 1565-1700." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288555.
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The Spanish colonisation of the Philippines in 1565 opened up trade between China, Latin America and Europe via the Pacific crossing, changing the history of global trade forever. The traditional understanding of the early colonial period in the Philippines suggests that colonial control spread rapidly and peacefully across the islands, ushering in dramatic changes to the social, political and economic environment of the archipelago. This dissertation argues by contrast that the extent of Spanish control has been overstated - partially as a by-product of an over-reliance on religious and secular chronicles that sought to magnify the role and interests of the colonial state. Through extensive archival work examining different sites of colonial authority and power, I demonstrate that Philippine communities contested and limited the nature of colonisation in their archipelago. In making this argument, I challenge prevalent assumptions of indigenous passivity in the face of imperial expansion. By demonstrating the agency of Southeast Asians, particular actors come to the fore in each of the chapters: Chinese labourers, indigenous elites, fugitives and apostates, unpacified mountain communities, native priestesses and Moro slave raiders. The culture and social organisation of these Southeast Asian communities impacted on the nature of Spanish imperialism and the capacity for the Spanish to retain and extend their control. Throughout the seventeenth century, the Spanish presence within the archipelago was always tenuous. A number of communities remained outside of Spanish control for the duration of the century, while still others oscillated between integration and rebellion, by turns participating in and resisting the consolidation of empire. These communities continued to maintain their local and regional economies and customs. Thus, by the end of the seventeenth century, imperial control remained fragmented, partial and incomplete. The dissertation contributes not only to the historiography of the Philippines - which remains under-explored - but also to the historiographies of Colonial Latin America, Southeast Asia and early modern empires. Conceptualising the Philippines as a frontier space helps to overturn the foundations of the myth of a completed conquest. This dissertation thus raises questions about the inevitability of empire by arguing that indigenous communities were active respondents to Spanish colonisation attempts and that indigenous traditions and culture in this region were both resilient and enduring in the face of colonial oppression.
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Rugy, Marie de. "Cartes et constructions de territoires impériaux dans le nord de la péninsule indochinoise, 1885-1914." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H048.
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Ma thèse porte sur les savoirs cartographiques en situation coloniale, au nord de la péninsule indochinoise. J'y envisage la manière dont des espaces frontaliers, disputés par des États coloniaux et nationaux, ont été représentés et construits, entre 1885 et 1914, par les différents acteurs en présence: empires britannique, français et chinois, royaume de Siam, populations locales. L'enjeu est de dépasser les histoires nationales afin de proposer une étude croisée des politiques géographiques britannique et française clans des marges impériales. Ce croisement révèle trois processus centraux. Tout d'abord, il montre que la cartographie des confins constitue un observatoire de la production des territoires et de la définition des entités étatiques et coloniales. Il montre égalemen1 le rôle de la cartographie au service des relations internationales dans un contexte de forte compétition. Enfin, il permet de lire les relations entre politiques géographiques impériales et pratiques de terrain : par-delà la manichéenne opposition entre « savoirs traditionnels » et «sciences modernes » se dessine une riche dialectique entre savoirs coloniaux et savoirs vernaculairesMy dissertation offers a connected history of Northern lndochinese Peninsula during the early years of colonization (1885-1914). I discuss the link between cartography and the empire and question the construction of the imperial territories through maps. I see how the border areas that were disputed by the colonial and national States have been represented and constructed, between 1885 and 1914, by the different actors: British, French and Chinese empires, Siam realm, local peoples. I argue the central value of a spatially marginalized territory, for which Willem van Schendel has spoken of a "geography of ignorance". Mostly unknown from the Europeans, inhabited by ethnic minorities, it is actually a border space. Looking at the empires from their borders is a good way of studying the central imperial politics. Besides, cartography plays a role in the international relations in a context of high competition. Finally, there are links between the different cartographies at that lime, which show the rote of cartographic knowledge in the colonial encounter in Burma and in Vietnam as well
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McCandless, Richard Thomas. "Korean War and Vietnam War Strategies: A Comparison." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1236018769.
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Bouvet, Phaedra. "Interactions culturelles entre l’Asie du Sud-Est et l’Inde aux 4e-2e s. av. J.-C. : étude technologique des céramiques de Khao Sam Kaeo (Thaïlande péninsulaire, province de Chumphon)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100087/document.
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Longtemps, l’indianisation a été considérée comme un phénomène historique de transfert d’éléments artistiques, politiques et religieux de l’Inde vers l’Asie du Sud-Est. Or, de plus en plus, la protohistoire de l’Asie du Sud-Est apparaît comme une période clef du processus d’acculturation. C’est ce que suggère l’interprétation sociale des transferts techno-morpho-stylistiques d’origine indienne identifiés au sein de l’assemblage céramique de Khao Sam Kaeo. En effet, elle conduit à penser que le passage de traits culturels indiens a résulté d’une assimilation sélective de la part des autochtones. Elle suggère également que ces traits étaient réinterprétés afin d’être mis au service de représentations locales : à Khao Sam Kaeo, les formes de la transculturation, non fondées sur des rapports de domination, pourraient s’être exercées comme une appropriation identitaire des traits de culture indienne. Si notre travail semble montrer que les élites ont été les vecteurs majeurs des emprunts faits à l’Inde, il témoignerait également du rôle primordial joué par les artisans, dont certains, d’origine indienne, auraient travaillé sous le patronat d’élites locales. Le travail sur place d’artisans exogènes implique une réponse importante de l’Inde dans les échanges, ce qui contrecarre la vision unilatérale de ces derniers, laquelle ne tient pas compte de l’impact des sociétés sud-est asiatiques sur celles du sous-continent indien. Au cours de la protohistoire, les réseaux tournés vers le Golfe du Bengale se sont entremêlés avec ceux de la mer de Chine Méridionale. L’étude des céramiques de Khao Sam Kaeo suggère que ces échanges ont induit le déplacement de certains groupes sociaux (migrants, marchands, artisans) : l’analyse de la distribution interne des différentes traditions céramiques montre que les acteurs étrangers étaient cantonnés à certaines zones du site et témoigne du rôle résolument actif des populations locales, qui se sont adaptées à la présence d’étrangers en structurant l’espace proto-urbainFor a long time, indianisation was considered as a historical phenomenon involving the transfer of artistic, political, and religious elements from India to Southeast Asia. But increasingly, Southeast Asian protohistory appears to be a key period in the acculturation process. This is suggested by the social interpretation of techno-morpho-stylistic transfers of Indian origin that have been identified at the heart of the ceramic assemblage of Khao Sam Kaeo. Indeed, it shows that the transfer of Indian cultural traits may result from selective assimilation by the indigenous peoples. It also reveals that these cultural traits were probably reinterpreted in order to be placed at the service of local representations: at Khao Sam Kaeo, the forms of transculturation were not based on relations of domination. If this study shows that the elites were probably the major vectors of cultural borrowings from India, it also suggests the primordial role played by craftsmen, some of whom were probably Indian and would have worked under the patronage of local elites. The work of exogenous potters at Khao Sam Kaeo indicates that India played an important role in trade, a contention that challenges the unilateral view of trade, which ignores the impact of Southeast Asian societies on those of the Indian subcontinent. During the protohistory, trade networks oriented towards the Bay of Bengal intermingled with those of the South China Sea. The study of Khao Sam Kaeo’s ceramics seems to show that these exchanges induced the movement of certain social groups (migrants, merchants, craftsmen): analysis of the internal distribution of different ceramic traditions shows that foreign people were confined to certain areas of the site and may testifies to the resolutely active role of the local populations, which structured the proto-urban space adapting to the presence of foreigners in trans-Asiatic exchanges
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Nguyen, Triet M. ""Little Consideration... to Preparing Vietnamese Forces for Counterinsurgency Warfare"? History, Organization, Training, and Combat Capability of the RVNAF, 1955-1963." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23126.
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This dissertation is a focused analysis of the origins, organization, training, politics, and combat capability of the Army of the Republic of Viet Nam (ARVN) from 1954 to 1963, the leading military instrument in the national counterinsurgency plan of the government of the Republic of Viet Nam (RVN). Other military and paramilitary forces that complemented the army in the ground war included the Viet Nam Marine Corps (VNMC), the Civil Guard (CG), the Self-Defense Corps (SDC) and the Civil Irregular Defense Groups (CIDG) which was composed mainly of the indigenous populations in the Central Highlands of South Vietnam. At sea and in the air, the Viet Nam Air Force (VNAF) and the Viet Nam Navy (VNN) provided additional layers of tactical, strategic and logistical support to the military and paramilitary forces. Together, these forces formed the Republic of Viet Nam Armed Forces (RVNAF) designed to counter the communist insurgency plaguing the RVN. This thesis argues the following. First, the origin of the ARVN was rooted in the French Indochina War (1946-1954). Second, the ARVN was an amalgamation of political and military forces born from a revolution that encompassed three overlapping wars: a war of independence between the Vietnamese and the French; a civil war between the Vietnamese of diverse social and political backgrounds; and a proxy war as global superpowers and regional powers backed their own Vietnamese allies who, in turn, exploited their foreign supporters for their own purposes. Lastly, the ARVN failed not because it was organized, equipped, and trained for conventional instead of counterinsurgency warfare. Rather, it failed to assess, adjust, and adapt its strategy and tactics quickly enough to meet the war’s changing circumstances. The ARVN’s slowness to react resulted from its own institutional weaknesses, military and political problems that were beyond its control, and the powerful and dangerous enemies it faced. The People’s Army of Viet Nam (PAVN) and the People’s Liberation Armed Forces (PLAF) were formidable adversaries. Not duplicated in any other post-colonial Third World country and led by an experienced and politically tested leadership, the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam (DRVN) and the National Front for the Liberation of Southern Viet Nam (NFLSVN) exploited RVN failures effectively. Hypothetically, there was no guarantee that had the US dispatched land forces into Cambodia and Laos or invaded North Vietnam that the DRVN and NFLSVN would have quit attacking the RVN. The French Far East Expeditionary Corps (FFEEC)’ occupation of the Red River Delta did not bring peace to Cochinchina, only a military stalemate between it and the Vietnamese Liberation Army (VLA). Worse yet, a US invasion potentially would have unnerved the People’s Republic of China (PRC) which might have sent the PLAF to fight the US in Vietnam as it had in Korea. Inevitably, such unilateral military action would certainly provoke fierce criticism and opposition amongst the American public at home and allies abroad. At best, the war’s expansion might have bought a little more time for the RVN but it could never guarantee South Vietnam’s survival. Ultimately, RVN’s seemingly endless political, military, and social problems had to be resolved by South Vietnam’s political leaders, military commanders, and people but only in the absence of constant PAVN and PLAF attempts to destroy whatever minimal progress RVN made politically, militarily, and socially. The RVN was plagued by many problems and the DRVN and NFLSVN, unquestionably, were amongst those problems.
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FRAKKING, Roel. "'Collaboration is a very delicate concept' : alliance-formation and the colonial defence of Indonesia and Malaysia, 1945-1957." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/46324.
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Defence date: 8 May 2017Examining Board: Professor A. Dirk Moses, EUI (Supervisor); Professor L. Riall, EUI; Professor M. Thomas, University of Exeter (external adviser); Professor P. Romijn, NOID Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies
'Collaboration is a Very Delicate Concept : Alliance-formation and the Wars of Independence in Indonesia and Malaysia, 1945-1957' is a case study in the interface between late colonial empires and colonized societies. Unlike traditional studies that continue to focus on British or Dutch (military-political) efforts to open specific avenues towards independence, the thesis analyses how local elites, their constituencies or individuals determined and navigated their own course— through violent insurgencies—towards independence. The thesis dispenses with (colonial) notions of ‘loyalty’ and ‘colonizedcolonizer’. Instead, it takes the much more fluid concept of local allianceformation and combines it with theories on territorial control to elucidate why certain individuals or groups co-operated with colonial authorities one moment only to switch to the freedom fighters’ side the next. In showing the complexities and ambiguities of association, the thesis advocates and executes an agenda that transcends the narrow politicaldiplomatic scope of decolonization to restore the agency and motivations of local political parties, communities and individuals. The red thread throughout the thesis, then, is that Indonesians, Chinese and Malays pursued their own, narrow—often violent—interests to survive and secure a (political) future beyond decolonization. Ultimately, the limits of alliance-formation are probed. The search for territorial control by colonial and anti-colonial forces necessitated zero-sum outcomes to pre-empt alliance breakdowns. As such, coercion remained the major motivational force during decolonization: coercion local communities participated in more than has been hitherto acknowledged in relation to the decolonization of Southeast Asia.
Chapter 2 ‘Collaboration is a Very Delicate Concept’: The Negara Pasundan and the Malayan Chinese Association' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article 'Gathered on the Point of a Bayonet': The Negara Pasundan and the Colonial Defence of Indonesia, 1946-50' in the journal ‘International history review'
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Ireland, Daryl R. "John Sung: Christian revitalization in China and Southeast Asia." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/16039.
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This dissertation examines the powerful vortex of John Sung's revivals in China and Southeast Asia, which directly influenced ten percent of all Chinese Protestants by the end of the 1930s. It begins in 1926 with his decision to pursue theological education in the United States, and ends with his physical collapse in 1940. But the work is not focused on biographical details; it is primarily concerned with how Sung's ministry evolved. Contrary to the numerous biographies on Sung that circulate in multiple languages, he did not return to China as a newly born-again believer enthusiastic to call the nation to repentance. Instead, this work demonstrates that Sung first floundered in China, spending several years piecing together his conversion narrative, and he adopted the revivalism that made him famous only after joining the Shanghai Bethel Mission in 1931. Once those pieces fit together, however, Sung became the preeminent Chinese evangelist of the twentieth century.
The dissertation uses archival material and unrestricted access to Sung's own diaries not only to reconstruct the transformations within Sung's ministry, but also to make new dimensions of his work accessible. Particular attention is given to class, women, and divine healing. Sung's revivals appealed to the xiaoshimin, or China's petty urbanites, who sought a modern spirituality that befit their urban lives, yet wanted a religious system that addressed their traditional concerns. Women appeared at Sung's revivals in disproportionate numbers, because in China and Southeast Asia revivalism and modernity fueled one another, and women could use that combustible mix to cast new places for themselves in local societies--even if it meant challenging Sung's own perception of women. Sung's practice of healing, derived from the holiness movement, temporarily challenged China's medical pluralism, before eventually becoming part of it.
Analysis of Sung's ministry suggests that revivalism was a powerful tool for personal and social revitalization. Through it, Sung not only rebuilt his own life and ministry, but he also used revivalism to recreate a distinctively Chinese spirituality, though now Christianized and expressed in ways appropriate to China and Southeast Asia's modernizing cities.
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Monnig, Laurel Anne. "Proving Chamorro : indigenous narratives of race, identity, and decolonization on Guam /." 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3301197.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0650. Adviser: Janet Dixon Keller. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 420-453) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
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Mahapannaporn, Paitoon. "The re-emergence of Vietnam for Southeast Asia during the 1990s (1995)." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145770.
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