Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Declines'
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Gallipeau, Sherrie. "Altered Reproductive Function and Amphibian Declines." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3640434.
Full textAgrochemical exposure is one of the factors that contributes to worldwide amphibian declines. Most studies that examine agrochemicals and amphibian declines focus on toxicity. However, declines are more likely caused by the sub-lethal effects of agrochemical exposure. Past emphases on the lethal effects of agrochemical exposure have overshadowed the contribution of decreased recruitment in amphibian declines. Additionally, studies that examine agrochemicals and reproductive function tend to focus on the effects of single chemical exposures instead of the effects of ecologically relevant mixtures. To address these issues, this dissertation examined the effects of ecologically relevant agrochemical exposures on the stress response and the reproductive endocrinology, morphology, and behaviors of male amphibians in the laboratory and the wild.
Chapter 1 provides a general review of the factors implicated in amphibian declines and provides an overview of the previous research conducted on the effects of agrochemical exposure on recruitment.
Chapter 2 is a field study that examined whether agricultural run-off alters the stress response and reproductive function of male bullfrogs ( Lithobates catesbeianus). Bullfrogs were collected upstream and downstream of agricultural activity across three California river systems (Salinas, Sacramento and San Joaquin). Size, primary and secondary sex traits, sperm count, and corticosterone and testosterone levels were examined. Overall, bullfrogs living downstream of agricultural activity (i.e. exposure to agricultural run-off) were small and had elevated testosterone and corticosterone levels. In addition, downstream males from the Salinas and San Joaquin Rivers were also small in size and had elevated testosterone levels. However, only downstream males of the San Joaquin River had elevated corticosterone and exaggerated secondary sex traits. Together, these data suggest that living downstream of agriculture can alter size, hormone levels, and the expression of sexually dimorphic sex traits. Such changes to the reproductive endocrinology and morphology of male amphibians can be detrimental to the reproductive health and long-term reproductive success of amphibian populations.
In Chapter 3, I examined corticosterone, testosterone, and the reproductive clasping behaviors of adult male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) exposed to field collected and simulated agricultural run-off. This experiment implemented a novel eco-relevant experimental design to mimic real-life agrochemical exposures. Male frogs were exposed to field water collected downstream (agricultural run-off) and upstream (negative control) of agricultural activity along the Salinas River, CA. In addition, a pesticide mixture containing the top agrochemicals used in the Monterey County was included to simulate agricultural run-off. Mating behavior was suppressed in males exposed to simulated agricultural run-off but enhanced in males exposed to field collected agricultural run-off. In addition, testosterone levels of clasping males were elevated in comparison to controls. Males immersed in simulated agricultural run-off had significantly lower testosterone levels than control males in 2010. These data suggest that agrochemical exposure (both field collected and simulated) can alter reproductive hormones and clasping behaviors. Altered sex hormones and behaviors in male amphibians may play a role in amphibian declines.
Lastly, this dissertation is summarized in Chapter 4. The applicability of this dissertation as a model for amphibian declines and other reproductive related human health concerns are also introduced.
Dunn, Jonathon Charles. "Declines and conservation of Himalayan Galliformes." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2786.
Full textLitchwark, Simon. "Honeybee declines in a changing landscape: interactive effects of honeybee declines and land-use intensification on pollinator communities." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9064.
Full textCravey, Suzanne Perritt. "Are pesticides a factor in bird declines? /." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://www.orwapif.org/pdf/pesticides%5Fbirds.pdf.
Full textKhouri, Leila. "Age-related declines in auditory temporal processing." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-142166.
Full textBielby, Jon. "Extinction risk and population declines in amphibians." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/4278.
Full textLeventhal, Emily Anne. "Factors affecting declines in Texas Medicaid enrollment." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3034929.
Full textStephenson, John William. "Primitive Methodists, Paulists, and Pentecostals, toward a historical typology of declines and decline of movement of revival." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57925.pdf.
Full textRadik, Gabrielle A. "Assessing Risks of Amphibian Declines using Multiple Stressors." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1244474946.
Full textBarakat, Bilal, and Stuart Basten. "Modelling the constraints on consanguineous marriage when fertility declines." Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5784/1/30%2D9.pdf.
Full textCowman, Deborah Fay. "Pesticides and amphibian declines in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4770.
Full textHogan, Robert P. "Declines in student achievement in science-- implications for public education." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 1990. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/12486.
Full textDuring the 1960s and 1970s, major innovative science curricula were introduced into public schools in the United States, and federal funds were used to improve the quality of science teachers. Nevertheless, student achievement in science has generally declined since 1963. This research focused on changes in four of the key variables related to science achievement--teachers, students, curricula, and school goals. The research examined (a) meta-analyses of the effectiveness of the innovative science curricula on student achievement, (b) research on changes in teacher and student characteristics during the last 30 years, (c) educational literature on changes in the goals of public education during this same period, and (d) changes in student achievement. The results of this research suggest that the recent declines in science achievement are related to changes in student motivation, school goals, and school autonomy. The data indicate that contrary to the claims of some recent education commission reports, teachers and curricula have improved steadily over the last three decades. The conclusions developed from this research suggest that a number of the current educational reforms such as teacher competency testing, merit pay, curricular reform, student competency testing, and year-round schools should have little positive effect on student achievement. The research also suggests that parental involvement in education could have a negative influence on science achievement. The findings do suggest that schools of choice, corporate educational partnerships, and teacher empowerment could significantly improve student science achievement.
Ed.D.
Education
Education
Curriculum and Instruction (Science)
194 p.
x, 194 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.
Frederick, Eva Charles Anna. "Plague of absence : insect declines and the fate of ecosystems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123783.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 25-26).
In November of 2017, a group of researchers published a paper showing that since the 1980s, insect populations in protected areas in Germany have decreased by over 75 percent. The decline, dubbed by one reporter the "insect armageddon," was widespread, affecting sites on nature reserves across the country. It was also indiscriminate, affecting not just certain species, but overall biomass. In the following years, similar studies from Greenland, Puerto Rico, and locations in North America have also shown declines in number of insect species, abundance, and habitat. These declines have serious implications for ecosystems and for humans, some of which we can already see in effect, and some that scientists can't even predict to their full extent. This thesis will profile a research team in Costa Rica who are using caterpillar-parasitoid interactions to make estimates about insect population health, and explore the reasons for and extent of insect declines and their consequences for humans.
by Eva Charles Anna Frederick.
S.M. in Science Writing
S.M.inScienceWriting Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Comparative Media Studies/Writing
Beecher, Nancy A. "Frog declines exploring connections among climate change, immunity and disease /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3243772.
Full textTitle from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 18, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-12, Section: B, page: 6837. Advisers: Greg E. Demas; Craig Nelson.
Gibbs, Mary Katherine E. "Species Declines: Examining Patterns of Species Distribution, Abundance, Variability and Conservation Status in Relation to Anthropogenic Activities." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23315.
Full textRothermel, Betsie. "Movement behavior, migratory success, and demography of juvenile amphibians in a fragmented landscape /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3099626.
Full textMin, Alice A., David A. Sbarra, and Samuel M. Keim. "Sleep disturbances predict prospective declines in resident physicians’ psychological well-being." Co-Action, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621337.
Full textBackground: Medical residency can be a time of increased psychological stress and sleep disturbance. We examine the prospective associations between self-reported sleep quality and resident wellness across a single training year. Methods: Sixty-nine (N69) resident physicians completed the Brief Resident Wellness Profile (M17.66, standard deviation [SD] 3.45, range: 017) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (M6.22, SD 2.86, range: 1225) at multiple occasions in a single training year. We examined the 1-month lagged effect of sleep disturbances on residents’ self-reported wellness. Results: Accounting for residents’ overall level of sleep disturbance across the entire study period, both the concurrent (within-person) within-occasion effect of sleep disturbance (B 0.20, standard error [SE]0.06, p0.003, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33, 0.07) and the lagged within-person effect of resident sleep disturbance (B 0.15, SE0.07, p0.037, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.009) were significant predictors of decreased resident wellness. Increases in sleep disturbances are a leading indicatorof resident wellness, predicting decreased well-being 1 month later. Conclusions: Sleep quality exerts a significant effect on self-reported resident wellness. Periodic evaluation of sleep quality may alert program leadership and the residents themselves to impending decreases in psychological well-being.
Testa, Maria Rita, and Stuart Basten. "Certainty of meeting fertility intentions declines in Europe during the 'Great Recession'." Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4670/1/31%2D23.pdf.
Full textKhouri, Leila [Verfasser], and Benedikt [Akademischer Betreuer] Grothe. "Age-related declines in auditory temporal processing / Leila Khouri. Betreuer: Benedikt Grothe." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022318748/34.
Full textTománková, Irena. "The causes of diving duck population declines on Lough Neagh, Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602943.
Full textClements, John. "The intellectual and social declines of alchemy and astrology, circa 1650-1720." Thesis, University of York, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20821/.
Full textSim, Innes M. W. "Demographic and ecological approaches to understanding Ring Ouzel (Turdus torquatus) population declines." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=192297.
Full textHernandez, Krystal M. "Using Spiritual Resources to Prevent Declines in Sexuality among First-Time Parents." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1300851920.
Full textBrewster, Sarah A. "Evaluating white spruce decline and mortality in the upper Great Lakes region /." Link to full text, 2009. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/thesis/2009/Brewster.pdf.
Full textSubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Master of Science in Natural Resources (Forestry), College of Natural Resources. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-50).
Colon-Gaud, Jose Checo. "ENERGY FLOW AND MACROINVERTEBRATE PRODUCTION IN PANAMANIAN HIGHLAND STREAMS: ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF AMPHIBIAN DECLINES." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/280.
Full textKriger, Kerry Matthew. "The Ecology of Chytridiomycosis in Eastern Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365546.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental and Applied Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Hively, Angela H. "Sealift transportation in a working capital fund environment : rate stability when workload declines." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA362719.
Full textThesis advisor(s): Ira A. Lewis, Theodore A. Hleba. "March 1999". Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-50). Also available online.
Woods-Fry, Heather. "Effects of Age-Related Declines in Visual Motion Processing on Older Driver Safety." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35579.
Full textGray, Cheri Lynn. "Depression, Fatigue, Declines in Cognitive Function and Uncertainty in Women with Multiple Sclerosis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321610.
Full textHarring-Harris, Kaarissa. "Preventing bird declines in urban landscapes: Influence of behavioural traits and streetscape plantings." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2022. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2538.
Full textBaxter, Alistair. "Understanding the factors associated with declines of an alpine specialist bird species in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231634.
Full textDeane, Colleen Siobhan. "Exploring metabolic and molecular mechanisms regulating age-related declines in human skeletal muscle regenerative capacity." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2017. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/29555/.
Full textMartin, Ian. "Effects of Altered Superoxide Dismutase Expression on Age-related Functional Declines and Survival in Drosophila." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1589.
Full textColón-Gaud, José Checo. "Energy flow and macroinvertebrate production in Panamanian highland streams : assessing the impacts of amphibian declines /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674100701&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text"Department of Zoology." Keywords: Amphibians, Biodiversity, Declines, Macroinvertebrates, Production, Streams. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-114). Also available online.
Rugenski, Amanda T. "INFLUENCES OF DISEASE-DRIVEN AMPHIBIAN DECLINES ON ECOSYSTEM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN PANAMANIAN HEADWATER STREAMS." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/789.
Full textMeyers, Paul M. "Assessing Mourning Dove Population Declines: Changes in Nesting Dynamics and the Role of Perch Sites." DigitalCommons@USU, 1994. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6499.
Full textFisher, Paul William. "THE ROLE OF CYTOKINES AND SUBSTANCE P IN REPETITIVE LOADING-INDUCED BEHAVIORAL DECLINES AND TISSUE FIBROSIS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/336057.
Full textPh.D.
Key clinical features of cumulative trauma disorders include pain, muscle weakness, and tissue fibrosis, although the etiology is still under investigation. Therefore, we first sought to characterize the temporal pattern of altered sensorimotor behaviors and inflammatory and fibrogenic processes occurring in forearm muscles and serum of young adult, female rats performing an operant, high repetition high force (HRHF) reaching and grasping task for 6, 12, or 18 weeks. Palmar mechanical sensitivity, cold temperature avoidance and spontaneous behavioral changes increased, while grip strength declined, in 18-week HRHF rats, compared to controls. Flexor digitorum muscles had increased MCP-1 levels after training and increased TNFα in 6-week HRHF rats. Serum had increased IL-1β, IL-10 and IP-10 after training. Yet both muscle and serum inflammation resolved by week 18. In contrast, IFNg increased at week 18 in both muscle and serum. Given the anti-fibrotic role of IFNg, and to identify a mechanism for the continued grip strength losses and behavioral sensitivities, we evaluated the fibrogenic proteins CCN2, collagen type I and TGFß-1, as well as the nociceptive/fibrogenic peptide substance P. Each increased in and around flexor digitorum muscles and extracellular matrix in the mid-forearm, and in nerves of the forepaw at 18 weeks. CCN2 was also increased in serum at week 18. At a time when inflammation had subsided, increases in fibrogenic proteins correlated with sensorimotor declines. Thus, muscle and nerve fibrosis may be critical components of chronic work-related musculoskeletal disorders. CCN2 and substance P may serve as potential targets for therapeutic intervention, and CCN2 as a serum biomarker of fibrosis progression. TGFß-1 and CCN2 are important mediators of tissue fibrosis by their stimulatory effect on extracellular matrix deposition, with CCN2 functions as a downstream mediator of TGFß-1. Substance P (SubP), a nociceptor-related neuropeptide, has also been linked to tissue fibrosis, although little work has been done to understand whether SubP directly causes fibrotic responses in tenocytes. Therefore, we sought to determine if SubP induces fibroblast proliferation and collagen production via CCN2 signaling directly or through the TGFß-1/CCN2 signaling pathway. We hypothesized that SubP may act directly through CCN2, independently from the TGFß-1/CCN2 signaling pathway, to increase fibroblast proliferation and fibrogenic and extracellular matrix protein production in vitro. To examine this question, we assayed cell proliferation and production of CCN2, TGFB1 and collagen type 1 in vitro using primary tendon fibroblasts (tenocytes) isolated from flexor digitorum tendons, and using rat dermal fibroblasts (RDF). We observed that cells isolated from flexor digitorum tendons that express proteins characteristic of tenocytes (vimentin and tenomodulin) underwent increased proliferation in a dose dependent manner after TGFß-1 treatment, but not SubP treatment, as did RDF cells. TGFß-1 treatment increased CCN2 production in both tenocytes and RDF cells, while SubP induced CCN2 production only in rat tenocytes. Expectedly, TGFß-1 treatment increased collagen expression in each cell type, as did SubP treatment alone using In-cell Western analysis. Interestingly, preliminary data that needs to be repeated showed that SubP treatment of each cell type enhanced TGFß-1 expression, assayed using In-cell Western and traditional western blot analyses. Our findings suggest that both SubP and TGFß-1 have distinct fibrogenic actions on tenocytes and dermal fibroblast and that both may be involved in tendinosis observed in animal models and patients with fibrosis. Inflammatory pain, muscle weakness, and tissue fibrosis are key clinical features of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. So, lastly, we evaluated the effects of therapeutic interventions on behavioral and cytokine changes in muscle, tendon and serum of HRHF rats that performed the reaching and grasping task for 11 weeks. We compared sensorimotor behavioral changes, and flexor digitorum tissue inflammation and fibrosis in rats receiving anti-TNFα therapy prophylactically during the initial training, or anti-TNFα therapy with or without rest as secondary interventions during the HRHF work task. Untreated or saline only treated animals at the end of the initial training period had decreased grip strength, increased mechanical sensitivity, and increased serum and tissue inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1ß, IL-6 and VEGF), changes prevented by prophylactic anti-TNFα treatment. Regarding the secondary interventions, four weeks of anti-TNFα therapy with or without rest, provided in HRHF task weeks 4-7, was more effective than rest alone for restoring grip strength; no treatments rescued forepaw mechanical sensitivity. Effectiveness of the 4-week anti-TNFα therapy extended to week 11, despite no further drug treatment after week 7, for maintenance of grip strength. Tissue cytokine analysis in week 11 showed that HRHF rats treated with saline had increased IL-18 in serum, muscle and tendon, and trends for increased muscle CCN2. Each treatment, particularly anti-TNF with or without rest, decreased serum and tendon IL-18 and IL-1alpha. Rats receiving combined rest and anti-TNFα therapy also had increased serum IL-10. Thus, similar short-term anti-TNFα therapy may be a potential intervention in WMSDs. These results demonstrate that both Substance P and CCN2 play important roles in the development of fibrosis in muscle and tendon in WMSDs based on our model of repetition reaching and grasping. Using in vitro methods, it was demonstrated that substance P is capable of inducing CCN2 in isolated tenocytes and rat dermal fibroblasts, independent of TGFß-1 signaling, a novel discovery that make suggest new treatments for fibrotic disorders. Finally, anti-TNFalpha treatment successfully prevented behavioral declines and increases in IL-18 in serum and tissues in our rat model when provided during the course of HRHF task performance. Key clinical features of cumulative trauma disorders include pain, muscle weakness, and tissue fibrosis, although the etiology is still under investigation. Therefore, we first sought to characterize the temporal pattern of altered sensorimotor behaviors and inflammatory and fibrogenic processes occurring in forearm muscles and serum of young adult, female rats performing an operant, high repetition high force (HRHF) reaching and grasping task for 6, 12, or 18 weeks. Palmar mechanical sensitivity, cold temperature avoidance and spontaneous behavioral changes increased, while grip strength declined, in 18-week HRHF rats, compared to controls. Flexor digitorum muscles had increased MCP-1 levels after training and increased TNFα in 6-week HRHF rats. Serum had increased IL-1β, IL-10 and IP-10 after training. Yet both muscle and serum inflammation resolved by week 18. In contrast, IFNg increased at week 18 in both muscle and serum. Given the anti-fibrotic role of IFNg, and to identify a mechanism for the continued grip strength losses and behavioral sensitivities, we evaluated the fibrogenic proteins CCN2, collagen type I and TGFß-1, as well as the nociceptive/fibrogenic peptide substance P. Each increased in and around flexor digitorum muscles and extracellular matrix in the mid-forearm, and in nerves of the forepaw at 18 weeks. CCN2 was also increased in serum at week 18. At a time when inflammation had subsided, increases in fibrogenic proteins correlated with sensorimotor declines. Thus, muscle and nerve fibrosis may be critical components of chronic work-related musculoskeletal disorders. CCN2 and substance P may serve as potential targets for therapeutic intervention, and CCN2 as a serum biomarker of fibrosis progression. TGFß-1 and CCN2 are important mediators of tissue fibrosis by their stimulatory effect on extracellular matrix deposition, with CCN2 functions as a downstream mediator of TGFß-1. Substance P (SubP), a nociceptor-related neuropeptide, has also been linked to tissue fibrosis, although little work has been done to understand whether SubP directly causes fibrotic responses in tenocytes. Therefore, we sought to determine if SubP induces fibroblast proliferation and collagen production via CCN2 signaling directly or through the TGFß-1/CCN2 signaling pathway. We hypothesized that SubP may act directly through CCN2, independently from the TGFß-1/CCN2 signaling pathway, to increase fibroblast proliferation and fibrogenic and extracellular matrix protein production in vitro. To examine this question, we assayed cell proliferation and production of CCN2, TGFB1 and collagen type 1 in vitro using primary tendon fibroblasts (tenocytes) isolated from flexor digitorum tendons, and using rat dermal fibroblasts (RDF). We observed that cells isolated from flexor digitorum tendons that express proteins characteristic of tenocytes (vimentin and tenomodulin) underwent increased proliferation in a dose dependent manner after TGFß-1 treatment, but not SubP treatment, as did RDF cells. TGFß-1 treatment increased CCN2 production in both tenocytes and RDF cells, while SubP induced CCN2 production only in rat tenocytes. Expectedly, TGFß-1 treatment increased collagen expression in each cell type, as did SubP treatment alone using In-cell Western analysis. Interestingly, preliminary data that needs to be repeated showed that SubP treatment of each cell type enhanced TGFß-1 expression, assayed using In-cell Western and traditional western blot analyses. Our findings suggest that both SubP and TGFß-1 have distinct fibrogenic actions on tenocytes and dermal fibroblast and that both may be involved in tendinosis observed in animal models and patients with fibrosis. Inflammatory pain, muscle weakness, and tissue fibrosis are key clinical features of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. So, lastly, we evaluated the effects of therapeutic interventions on behavioral and cytokine changes in muscle, tendon and serum of HRHF rats that performed the reaching and grasping task for 11 weeks. We compared sensorimotor behavioral changes, and flexor digitorum tissue inflammation and fibrosis in rats receiving anti-TNFα therapy prophylactically during the initial training, or anti-TNFα therapy with or without rest as secondary interventions during the HRHF work task. Untreated or saline only treated animals at the end of the initial training period had decreased grip strength, increased mechanical sensitivity, and increased serum and tissue inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1ß, IL-6 and VEGF), changes prevented by prophylactic anti-TNFα treatment. Regarding the secondary interventions, four weeks of anti-TNFα therapy with or without rest, provided in HRHF task weeks 4-7, was more effective than rest alone for restoring grip strength; no treatments rescued forepaw mechanical sensitivity. Effectiveness of the 4-week anti-TNFα therapy extended to week 11, despite no further drug treatment after week 7, for maintenance of grip strength. Tissue cytokine analysis in week 11 showed that HRHF rats treated with saline had increased IL-18 in serum, muscle and tendon, and trends for increased muscle CCN2. Each treatment, particularly anti-TNF with or without rest, decreased serum and tendon IL-18 and IL-1alpha. Rats receiving combined rest and anti-TNFα therapy also had increased serum IL-10. Thus, similar short-term anti-TNFα therapy may be a potential intervention in WMSDs. These results demonstrate that both Substance P and CCN2 play important roles in the development of fibrosis in muscle and tendon in WMSDs based on our model of repetition reaching and grasping. Using in vitro methods, it was demonstrated that substance P is capable of inducing CCN2 in isolated tenocytes and rat dermal fibroblasts, independent of TGFß-1 signaling, a novel discovery that make suggest new treatments for fibrotic disorders. Finally, anti-TNFalpha treatment successfully prevented behavioral declines and increases in IL-18 in serum and tissues in our rat model when provided during the course of HRHF task performance.
Temple University--Theses
Whitfield, Steven M. "Enigmatic Faunal Declines at La Selva, Costa Rica: Patterns and Processes in a Collapsing Neotropical Herpetofauna." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/435.
Full textWebster, Jeremy J. "Reasons for overwinter declines in age-1+ brook trout populations (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Appalachian headwater streams." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3733.
Full textMacias-Duarte, Alberto. "Change in Migratory Behavior as a Possible Explanation for Burrowing Owl Population Declines in Northern Latitudes." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145395.
Full textBarker, Hilary. "Developmental Idealism and Declines in Support for Female Genital Cutting in Egypt from 2005 to 2014." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6282.
Full textWang, Zhiming. "Stability and predictability of diameter distributions in a managed uneven-aged oak forest /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841345.
Full textVoelker, Steven L. "Causes of forest decline and consequences for oak-pine stand dynamics in southeastern Missouri /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422973.
Full textFeswick, April Amanda Melissa. "Conserving biodiversity in agriculture-dominated landscapes: Loss of natural habitat drives lepidopteran declines at multiple spatial scales." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27132.
Full textRegula, Meyer Lisa K. "INVASIVE PLANTS AND NATIVE AMPHIBIANS: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION IN EASTERN NORTH AMERICA." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1384952870.
Full textBurkart, David. "UNDERSTANDING CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS RESISTANCE BY INVESTIGATING THE CUTANEOUS DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF MARSUPIAL FROGS." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1835.
Full textEdwards, Todd A. "Environmental correlates and associations of tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) decline." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/800.
Full textRogers, Jennifer J. "Assessment of Mussel Declines in the Clinch and North Fork Holston Rivers Using Histological Evaluations of Vital Organs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/63925.
Full textMaster of Science
Tan, Angela Jane Hui Ling. "Investigating the efficacy of dual-site transcranial alternating current stimulation for alleviating age-related declines in response inhibition." Thesis, Tan, Angela Jane Hui Ling (2021) Investigating the efficacy of dual-site transcranial alternating current stimulation for alleviating age-related declines in response inhibition. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/64077/.
Full textBlackburn, Emma. "The wintering and migration ecology of the whinchat Saxicola rubetra, a declining Palearctic migrant." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11859.
Full text