Journal articles: 'Declarative; Functional'

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Boute, Raymond. "Functional declarative language design and predicate calculus." ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 27, no. 5 (2005): 988–1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1086642.1086647.

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Mancini, Toni, and Marco Cadoli. "Exploiting functional dependencies in declarative problem specifications." Artificial Intelligence 171, no. 16-17 (2007): 985–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2007.04.017.

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Caballero, R., N. Martí-Oliet, A. Riesco, and A. Verdejo. "A Declarative Debugger for Maude Functional Modules." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 238, no. 3 (2009): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2009.05.013.

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Villalobos, Dolores, José M. Caperos, Álvaro Bilbao, Umberto Bivona, Rita Formisano, and Javier Pacios. "Self-Awareness Moderates the Association Between Executive Dysfunction and Functional Independence After Acquired Brain Injury." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 7 (2020): 1059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa048.

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Abstract Objective Impaired self-awareness (SA) is a common symptom after suffering acquired brain injury (ABI) which interferes with patient’s rehabilitation and their functional independence. SA is associated with executive function and declarative memory, two cognitive functions that are related to participants’ daily living functionality. Through this observational study, we aim to explore whether SA may play a moderator role in the relation between these two cognitive processes and functional independence. Method A sample of 69 participants with ABI completed a neuropsychological assessment focused on executive function and declarative memory which also included a measure of SA and functional independence. Two separated linear models were performed including functional independence, SA, and two neuropsychological factors (declarative memory and executive function) derived from a previous principal component analysis. Results Moderation analysis show a significant interaction between SA and executive function, reflecting an association between lower executive functioning and poorer functional outcome, only in participants with low levels of SA. Notwithstanding, declarative memory do not show a significant interaction with SA, even though higher declarative memory scores were associated with better functional independence. Conclusions SA seems to play a moderator effect between executive function, but not declarative memory, and functional independence. Accordingly, participants with executive deficits and low levels of SA might benefit from receiving specific SA interventions in the first instance, which would in turn positively impact on their functional independence.

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Takahashi, Naohisa, and Satoshi Ono. "DDS: A declarative debugging system for functional programs." Systems and Computers in Japan 21, no. 11 (1990): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690211103.

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Eichenbaum, Howard. "Remembering: Functional Organization of the Declarative Memory System." Current Biology 16, no. 16 (2006): R643—R645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.026.

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Istiqomah, Yulia. "DECLARATIVE MOOD OF IDEATIONAL THEME IN “EXUPERY’S THE LITTLE PRINCE: A FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR ANALYSIS." Apollo Project: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Sastra Inggris 8, no. 2 (2019): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/apollo.v8i2.2113.

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This research entitled “Declarative mood of Ideational Theme in “Exupery’s The Little Prince” (A Functional Grammar Analysis) discusses declarative mood in ideational theme in the position of clause used in novel. The purpose of this research is to analyze declarative mood and to analyze the constituents used in the novel The Little Prince. To analyze the issues, this research uses the theory of mood types: declarative mood by M.A.K Halliday and Christian Matthiessen (2004) as the grand theory while Linda Gerot dan Peter Wignell (1994) as supporting theory. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis. Data are taken from the novel The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint Exupery. After analyzing the data, it can be concluded that the all data are included into the declarative mood in this research, two data are included into constituent the nominal group as theme, and one data is included include into constituent prepositional phrase as theme in this research.

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Shepherd, Michael A. "Functional significance of rising-intonation declaratives in settings with special discursive norms." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 2 (July 6, 2011): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.544.

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Rising intonation in English declaratives (aka “uptalk”) is generally regarded as a solidarity marker (Warren 2005). However, its functions in settings with special discursive norms, such as classrooms, remain unexplored. Analysis of third-graders’ declarative responses to teachers’ questions reveals that students use rising intonation when they anticipate rejection, arguably making it a pragmatic face-saving strategy (Goffman 1982). Specifically, rising intonation functions as a marker of idea positioning (Eckert &amp; McConnell-Ginet 2003), lessening students’ commitment to responses they suspect are incorrect. It also deemphasizes such responses’ being answers to questions while emphasizing their being presented for teacher evaluation.

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Seymour, Leslie G. "Declarative Consciousness for Reconstruction." Journal of Artificial General Intelligence 4, no. 3 (2013): 89–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jagi-2013-0007.

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Abstract Existing information technology tools are harnessed and integrated to provide digital specification of human consciousness of individual persons. An incremental compilation technology is proposed as a transformation of LifeLog derived persona specifications into a Canonical representation of the neocortex architecture of the human brain. The primary purpose is to gain an understanding of the semantical allocation of the neocortex capacity. Novel neocortex content allocation simulators with browsers are proposed to experiment with various approaches of relieving the brain from overload conditions. An IT model of the neocortex is maintained, which is then updated each time new stimuli are received from the LifeLog data stream; new information is gained from brain signal measurements; and new functional dependencies are discovered between live persona consumed/produced signals

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Caballero, Rafael, and Mario Rodríguez-Artalejo. "A Declarative Debugging System for Lazy Functional Logic Programs." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 64 (September 2002): 113–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(04)80349-9.

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LJUNGLÖF, PETER. "FUNCTIONAL PEARL Functional chart parsing of context-free grammars." Journal of Functional Programming 14, no. 6 (2004): 669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796804005106.

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This paper implements a simple and elegant version of bottom-up Kilbury chart parsing (Kilbury, 1985; Wirén, 1992). This is one of the many chart parsing variants, which are all based on the data structure of charts. The chart parsing process uses inference rules to add new edges to the chart, and parsing is complete when no further edges can be added. One novel aspect of this implementation is that it doesn't have to rely on a global state for the implementation of the chart. This makes the code clean, elegant and declarative, while still having the same space and time complexity as the standard imperative implementations.

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Proffitt, Mason, and Gordon Watts. "FuncADL: Functional Analysis Description Language." EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 03068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125103068.

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The traditional approach in HEP analysis software is to loop over every event and every object via the ROOT framework. This method follows an imperative paradigm, in which the code is tied to the storage format and steps of execution. A more desirable strategy would be to implement a declarative language, such that the storage medium and execution are not included in the abstraction model. This will become increasingly important to managing the large dataset collected by the LHC and the HL-LHC. A new analysis description language (ADL) inspired by functional programming, FuncADL, was developed using Python as a host language. The expressiveness of this language was tested by implementing example analysis tasks designed to benchmark the functionality of ADLs. Many simple selections are expressible in a declarative way with FuncADL, which can be used as an interface to retrieve filtered data. Some limitations were identified, but the design of the language allows for future extensions to add missing features. FuncADL is part of a suite of analysis software tools being developed by the Institute for Research and Innovation in Software for High Energy Physics (IRIS-HEP). These tools will be available to develop highly scalable physics analyses for the LHC.

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Mohammed, Wafaa Dahham. "Categorizing Declarative Speech Acts in English – Arabic Political Translation: A Pragmatic Study." Journal of University of Human Development 5, no. 3 (2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v5n3y2019.pp49-56.

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Declarative speech acts are those acts that affect immediate changes in the world via their utterance. The specification of declarative speech acts raises problematic area as not all declarative utterances serve out performatively. The specificity of pragmatic conditions of declarative acts lead to another problem in that setting out the same function and affecting the same immediate change would not similarly be lexicalized in the two different natural languages. Therefore, declarative speech acts will pose difficulties for translators if they are unaware of categorizing their pragmatic conditions appropriately and integrating their process interpreting with affecting immediate perlocutionary purposively. Accordingly, it aims at: 1) setting some felicity conditions for determining sensibly whether the specified declarative expressions serve out performatively as genuine declarative acts or not. 2-Examining whether English declarative acts are perceived performatively in Arabic. 3- Exercising to what extents do the translators transfer declarative intentioned effects. and 4- Proposing certain pragmatic parameters for interpreting situational bounded expressions and providing some remedies for mistranslated verbs. The objective of the study is fairly confined to a number of declarative acts selected from dialogues, comments, statements and debates of English TV (e.g. Al-Jazeera TV, BBC, among many others). The main result shows that declarative acts are performatively influenced by contextual nature. The result also shows that many declarative expressions can alternatively name different illocutionary act. From functional perspective, the perception of English declarative acts is different from the Arabic one. Thus, the most accurate rendering of declarations is based on the correspondence between perception and immediate perloctionary affects.

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Bassano, Dominique, and Isabelle Mendes-Maillochon. "Early grammatical and prosodic marking of utterance modality in French: a longitudinal case study." Journal of Child Language 21, no. 3 (1994): 649–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009491.

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ABSTRACTThe study investigates how basic communicative functions expressed by utterance modalities (declarative, exclamative, injunctive, interrogative) emerged in the early language of a French child, and examines whether and how morphosyntactic and prosodic devices were used to mark these contrasts. A longitudinal corpus of naturalistic productions was collected between the ages of 1;2 and 1;9, and 960 utterances were subjected to functional, prosodic and grammatical analyses. Declarative, exclamative and injunctive utterances were found from 1;2, and first interrogatives appeared at 1;6. Intonation contours varied as a function of utterance modality and were largely in accordance with the patterns in French: declaratives and exclamatives were falling, interrogatives rising and injunctives split between falling and rising contours depending on their specific functions. A quarter of the productions involved an elementary grammatical marking of utterance modality such as interjections, imperative or indicative verbal forms, or interrogative morphemes. These findings indicate an early and complementary use of prosodic and grammatical devices in the child's construction of the linguistic system.

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DE CAT, BROES, and MAURICE BRUYNOOGHE. "Detection and exploitation of functional dependencies for model generation." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 13, no. 4-5 (2013): 471–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147106841300029x.

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AbstractRecent work in Answer Set Programming has integrated ideas from Constraint Programming. This has led to a new field called ASP Modulo CSP (CASP), in which the ASP language is enriched with constraint atoms representing constraint satisfaction problems. These constraints have a more compact grounding and are handled by a new generation of search algorithms. However, the burden is on the modeler to exploit these new constructs in his declarative problem specifications. Here, we explore how to remove this burden by automatically generating constraint atoms. We do so in the context of FO(·)IDP, a knowledge representation language that extends first-order logic with, among others, inductive definitions, arithmetic and aggregates. We uncover functional dependencies in declarative problem specifications with a theorem prover and exploit them with a transformation that introduces functions. Experimental evaluation shows that we obtain more compact groundings and better search performance.

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Nilsson, Henrik, and Peter Fritzson. "Algorithmic debugging for lazy functional languages." Journal of Functional Programming 4, no. 3 (1994): 337–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679680000109x.

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AbstractLazy functional languages have non-strict semantics and are purely declarative, i.e. they support the notion of referential transparency and are devoid of side-effects. Traditional debugging techniques are, however, not suited for lazy functional languages, since computations generally do not take place in the order one might expect. Since algorithmic debugging allows the user to concentrate on the declarative aspects of program semantics, and will semi-automatically find functions containing bugs, we propose to use this technique for debugging lazy functional programs. Because of the non-strict semantics of lazy functional languages, arguments to functions are in general partially evaluated expressions. The user is, however, usually more concerned with the values that these expressions represent. We address this problem by providing the user with a strictified view of the execution trace whenever possible. In this paper, we present an algorithmic debugger for a lazy functional language based on strictification and some experience in using it. A number of problems with the current implementation of the debugger (e.g. too large trace size and too many questions asked) are also discussed and some techniques for overcoming these problems, at least partially, are suggested. The key techniques are immediate strictification and piecemeal tracing.

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Simon, Michal, and Andrew Hanushevsky. "Exploring the virtues of XRootD5: Declarative API." EPJ Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 02063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125102063.

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Across the years, being the backbone of numerous data management solutions used within the WLCG collaboration, the XRootD framework and protocol became one of the most important building blocks for storage solutions in the High Energy Physics (HEP) community. The latest big milestone for the project, release 5, introduced multitude of architectural improvements and functional enhancements, including the new client side declarative API, which is the main focus of this study. In this contribution, we give an overview of the new client API and we discuss its motivation and its positive impact on overall software quality (coupling, cohesion), readability and composability.

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Watts, Gordon. "Using Functional Languages and Declarative Programming to analyze ROOT data: LINQtoROOT." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 608 (May 22, 2015): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/608/1/012024.

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Watts, G. "Using Functional Languages and Declarative Programming to Analyze Large Datasets: LINQtoROOT." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 396, no. 2 (2012): 022057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/396/2/022057.

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Preston, Alison R., Daphna Shohamy, Carol A. Tamminga, and Anthony D. Wagner. "Hippocampal function, declarative memory, and schizophrenia: Anatomic and functional neuroimaging considerations." Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 5, no. 4 (2005): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-005-0067-3.

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López-Couso, María José, and Belén Méndez-Naya. "Masked by annotation: Minor declarative complementizers in parsed corpora of historical English." Research in Corpus Linguistics 8, no. 2 (2020): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32714/ricl.08.02.07.

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This article discusses some of the potential problems derived from the syntactic annotation of historical corpora, especially in connection with low-frequency phenomena. By way of illustration, we examine the parsing scheme used in the Penn Parsed Corpora of Historical English (PPCHE) for clauses introduced by so-called ‘minor declarative complementizers’, originally adverbial links which come to be occasionally used in complementizer function. We show that the functional similarities between canonical declarative complement clauses introduced by the major declarative links that and zero and those headed by minor declarative complementizers are not captured by the PPCHE parsing, where the latter constructions are not tagged as complement clauses, but rather as adverbial clauses. The examples discussed reveal that, despite the obvious advantages of parsed corpora, annotation may sometimes mask interesting linguistic facts.

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Baran, Bengi, Janna Mantua, and Rebecca M. C. Spencer. "Age-related Changes in the Sleep-dependent Reorganization of Declarative Memories." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, no. 6 (2016): 792–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00938.

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Consolidation of declarative memories has been associated with slow wave sleep in young adults. Previous work suggests that, in spite of changes in sleep, sleep-dependent consolidation of declarative memories may be preserved with aging, although reduced relative to young adults. Previous work on young adults shows that, with consolidation, retrieval of declarative memories gradually becomes independent of the hippocampus. To investigate whether memories are similarly reorganized over sleep at the neural level, we compared functional brain activation associated with word pair recall following a nap and equivalent wake in young and older adults. SWS during the nap predicted better subsequent memory recall and was negatively associated with retrieval-related hippocampal activation in young adults. In contrast, in older adults there was no relationship between sleep and memory performance or with retrieval-related hippocampal activation. Furthermore, compared with young adults, postnap memory retrieval in older adults required strong functional connectivity of the hippocampus with the PFC, whereas there were no differences between young and older adults in the functional connectivity of the hippocampus following wakefulness. These results suggest that, although neural reorganization takes place over sleep in older adults, the shift is unique from that seen in young adults, perhaps reflecting memories at an earlier stage of stabilization.

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MOLINA-BRAVO, J. M., and E. PIMENTEL. "Composing programs in a rewriting logic for declarative programming." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 3, no. 2 (2003): 189–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068402001527.

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Constructor-Based Conditional Rewriting Logic is a general framework for integrating first-order functional and logic programming which gives an algebraic semantics for nondeterministic functional-logic programs. In the context of this formalism, we introduce a simple notion of program module as an open program which can be extended together with several mechanisms to combine them. These mechanisms are based on a reduced set of operations. However, the high expressiveness of these operations enable us to model typical constructs for program modularization like hiding, export/import, genericity/instantiation, and inheritance in a simple way. We also deal with the semantic aspects of the proposal by introducing an immediate consequence operator, and studying several alternative semantics for a program module, based on this operator, in the line of logic programming: the operator itself, its least fixpoint (the least model of the module), the set of its pre-fixpoints (term models of the module), and some other variations in order to find a compositional and fully abstract semantics w.r.t. the set of operations and a natural notion of observability.

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Takashima, A., K. M. Petersson, F. Rutters, et al. "Declarative memory consolidation in humans: A prospective functional magnetic resonance imaging study." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, no. 3 (2006): 756–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507774103.

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TRINDER, P. W. "Special Issue High Performance Parallel Functional Programming." Journal of Functional Programming 15, no. 3 (2005): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796805005496.

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Engineering high-performance parallel programs is hard: not only must a correct, efficient and inherently-parallel algorithm be developed, but the computations must be effectively and efficiently coordinated across multiple processors. It has long been recognised that ideas and approaches drawn from functional programming may be particularly applicable to parallel and distributed computing (e.g. Wegner 1971). There are several reasons for this suitability. Concurrent stateless computations are much easier to coordinate, high-level coordination abstractions reduce programming effort, and declarative notations are amenable to reasoning, i.e. to optimising transformations, derivation and performance analysis.

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Astuti, Fatimah Kesuma. "MOOD STRUCTURE TYPE OF THE CLAUSE ANALYSIS IN ENGLISH TEXT BOOKS OF SMA: A DISCOURSE STUDY BASED ON SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTIC THEORY." Edukasi Lingua Sastra 16, no. 2 (2018): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47637/elsa.v16i2.93.

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This study aims at analyzing mood structure type of the clause on recount and procedure text in English textbooks of SMA where it was analyzed based on the mood structure types of the clause. It was designed as a descriptive qualitative study and discourse analysis. Data were collected through documentation method. The technique in collecting the data is by determining the source to be investigated, determining the supporting resources, and seeking the recount and procedure text on the English textbook. The Data were analyzed using Mood structure analysis suggested by M.A.K Haliday. In analyzing the data, the activities did by deep reading, identifying, classifying, analyzing, and calculating the percentages. Based on the results of the data analysis, the findings of this research can be stated as follows: (1) There are some types of mood structure in the English textbooks of SMA at the tenth grade students which published by Pusat Perbukuan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional especially on recount text, they are indicative: declarative mood (99,41%), indicative: interrogative mood (0,59%), and imperative mood (0%). (2) The results of mood structure type on procedure text are indicative: declarative mood (25,62%), indicative: interrogative mood (0%), and imperative mood (74,38%). (3) The results in the textbook which published by Yudhistira especially on recount text are indicative: declarative mood (98,94%), indicative: interrogative mood (1,06%), and imperative mood (0%), and also on procedure text are indicative: declarative mood (25%), indicative: interrogative mood (0%), and imperative mood (75%).

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Norilo, Vesa. "Kronos: A Declarative Metaprogramming Language for Digital Signal Processing." Computer Music Journal 39, no. 4 (2015): 30–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj_a_00330.

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Kronos is a signal-processing programming language based on the principles of semifunctional reactive systems. It is aimed at efficient signal processing at the elementary level, and built to scale towards higher-level tasks by utilizing the powerful programming paradigms of “metaprogramming” and reactive multirate systems. The Kronos language features expressive source code as well as a streamlined, efficient runtime. The programming model presented is adaptable for both sample-stream and event processing, offering a cleanly functional programming paradigm for a wide range of musical signal-processing problems, exemplified herein by a selection and discussion of code examples.

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Cohen, Neal J., Jennifer Ryan, Caroline Hunt, Lorene Romine, Tracey Wszalek, and Courtney Nash. "Hippocampal system and declarative (relational) memory: Summarizing the data from functional neuroimaging studies." Hippocampus 9, no. 1 (1999): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-1063(1999)9:1<83::aid-hipo9>3.0.co;2-7.

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Willingham, Daniel B., Joanna Salidis, and John D. E. Gabrieli. "Direct Comparison of Neural Systems Mediating Conscious and Unconscious Skill Learning." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 3 (2002): 1451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2002.88.3.1451.

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Procedural learning, such as perceptual-motor sequence learning, has been suggested to be an obligatory consequence of practiced performance and to reflect adaptive plasticity in the neural systems mediating performance. Prior neuroimaging studies, however, have found that sequence learning accompanied with awareness (declarative learning) of the sequence activates entirely different brain regions than learning without awareness of the sequence (procedural learning). Functional neuroimaging was used to assess whether declarative sequence learning prevents procedural learning in the brain. Awareness of the sequence was controlled by changing the color of the stimuli to match or differ from the color used for random sequences. This allowed direct comparison of brain activation associated with procedural and declarative memory for an identical sequence. Activation occurred in a common neural network whether initial learning had occurred with or without awareness of the sequence, and whether subjects were aware or not aware of the sequence during performance. There was widespread additional activation associated with awareness of the sequence. This supports the view that some types of unconscious procedural learning occurs in the brain whether or not it is accompanied by conscious declarative knowledge.

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Lindström, Jan, and Susanna Karlsson. "Verb-first constructions as a syntactic and functional resource in (spoken) Swedish." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 28, no. 1 (2005): 97–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586505001332.

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This paper explores different syntactic variations and functional properties of clausal units that are initiated by the finite verb in Swedish. We focus on V1 constructions that are basically declarative in function, thus excluding interrogative, conditional and directive uses. Because V1 constructions, and particularly certain variants of them, are typical of spoken Swedish, our examples and analyses focus primarily on the usage in speaking. The V1 constructions studied include whole-utterance constructions in conversational sequences, utterance-internal extensions, and utterance-internal reshapings, such as syntactic blends. We will offer an analysis of (declarative) V1 constructions, which in some respects differs from analyses proposed by generative syntacticians or traditional grammarians. Our analysis of the constructional resource is discourse oriented. In this perspective, V1 constructions are analyzable as sequentially dependent, second, or ‘subsequent’ moves, viz. units that can scarcely initiate a communicative project but which instead continue, extend or comment on an already initiated project. Thus, rather than analyzing V1 constructions as one type of ellipsis they could be seen as full-fledged clausal units whose existence is conditioned by their position in a discourse or utterance context. From a theoretical perspective, this paper is a contribution to an emerging dialogical or interactional model of (Swedish) grammar.

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Ndi-Kimbi, Augustin. "The functional role of verbs in terminological definitions." Terminology 2, no. 1 (1995): 87–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/term.2.1.05ndi.

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The role of verbs in definitions is very complex. In general discourse, the function of declarative sentences or propositions is to report events happening to participants, with verbs encoding the events and nouns the participants. In definitions of concepts, verbs and nouns are used to express, in the form of simple (stative) propositions, basic facts concerning processes, states, or actions that relate to the concepts mainly realised in noun form. While the nouns in the definienda can represent any class of concept, in this article it is argued that the verbs occurring in the second part of the definition, in finite form in the relative clause, can only represent activity or relation concepts because they serve to express states or conditions of existence, actions or executed processes.

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Palacio, Nicole, and Fernando Cardenas. "A systematic review of brain functional connectivity patterns involved in episodic and semantic memory." Reviews in the Neurosciences 30, no. 8 (2019): 889–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2018-0117.

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Abstract The study of functional connectivity and declarative memory has lately been focused on finding biomarkers of neuropsychological diseases. However, little is known about its patterns in healthy brains. Thus, in this systematic review we analyze and integrate the findings of 81 publications regarding functional connectivity (measured by fMRI during both task and resting-state) and semantic and episodic memory in healthy adults. Moreover, we discriminate and analyze the main areas and links found in specific memory phases (encoding, storage or retrieval) based on several criteria, such as time length, depth of processing, rewarding value of the information, vividness and amount or kind of details retrieved. There is a certain degree of overlap between the networks of episodic and semantic memory and between the encoding and retrieval stages. Although several differences are pointed out during the article, this calls to attention the need for further empirical studies that actively compare both types of memory, particularly using other baseline conditions apart from the traditional resting state. Indeed, the active involvement of the default mode network in both declarative memory and resting condition suggests the possibility that during rest there is an on-going memory processing. We find support for the ‘attention to memory’ hypothesis, the memory differentiation model and the appropriate transfer hypothesis, but some evidence is inconsistent with the traditional hub-and-spoke model.

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Sokolov, Evgeni N. "Neuronal basis of imagery." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, no. 2 (2002): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x02500042.

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The depiction of pictures as specified points in a functional space is achieved by vector encoding. Picture-selective neurons are added to the declarative memory in the process of learning. New neurons are recruited from stem cells through their proliferation and differentiation. Electrical stimulation of the temporo-parietal cortex produces subjective scenes of the past similar to imagery.

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Murty, Vishnu P., Fabio Sambataro, Saumitra Das, et al. "Age-related Alterations in Simple Declarative Memory and the Effect of Negative Stimulus Valence." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 10 (2009): 1920–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21130.

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Healthy aging has been shown to modulate the neural circuitry underlying simple declarative memory; however, the functional impact of negative stimulus valence on these changes has not been fully investigated. Using BOLD fMRI, we explored the effects of aging on behavioral performance, neural activity, and functional coupling during the encoding and retrieval of novel aversive and neutral scenes. Behaviorally, there was a main effect of valence with better recognition performance for aversive greater than neutral stimuli in both age groups. There was also a main effect of age with better recognition performance in younger participants compared to older participants. At the imaging level, there was a main effect of valence with increased activity in the medial-temporal lobe (amygdala and hippocampus) during both encoding and retrieval of aversive relative to neutral stimuli. There was also a main effect of age with older participants showing decreased engagement of medial-temporal lobe structures and increased engagement of prefrontal structures during both encoding and retrieval sessions. Interestingly, older participants presented with relatively decreased amygdalar–hippocampal coupling and increased amygdalar–prefrontal coupling when compared to younger participants. Furthermore, older participants showed increased activation in prefrontal cortices and decreased activation in the amygdala when contrasting the retrieval of aversive and neutral scenes. These results suggest that although normal aging is associated with a decline in declarative memory with alterations in the neural activity and connectivity of brain regions underlying simple declarative memory, memory for aversive stimuli is relatively better preserved than for neutral stimuli, possibly through greater compensatory prefrontal cortical activity.

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35

FERNÁNDEZ, ANTONIO J., TERESA HORTALÁ-GONZÁLEZ, FERNANDO SÁENZ-PÉREZ, and RAFAEL DEL VADO-VÍRSEDA. "Constraint functional logic programming over finite domains." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 7, no. 5 (2007): 537–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068406002924.

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AbstractIn this paper, we present our proposal to Constraint Functional Logic Programming over Finite Domains (CFLP($\fd$)) with a lazy functional logic programming language which seamlessly embodies finite domain ($\fd$) constraints. This proposal increases the expressiveness and power of constraint logic programming over finite domains (CLP($\fd$)) by combining functional and relational notation, curried expressions, higher-order functions, patterns, partial applications, non-determinism, lazy evaluation, logical variables, types, domain variables, constraint composition, and finite domain constraints. We describe the syntax of the language, its type discipline, and its declarative and operational semantics. We also describe\toy(fd)$, an implementation forCFLP($\fd$), and a comparison of our approach with respect toCLP($\fd$) from a programming point of view, showing the new features we introduce. And, finally, we show a performance analysis which demonstrates that our implementation is competitive with respect to existingCLP($\fd$) systems and that clearly outperforms the closer approach toCFLP($\fd$).

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36

Muzakki, Kholid Akhmad, Ahmad Rizza Firdaus, and Annisa’ Fatmayanti. "Tindak Tutur Tak Langsung Dalam Surat Al-Kahfi (Kajian Analisis Pragmatik)." Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 1, no. 1 (2018): 96–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v1i1.44.

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Sentences by mode can be divided into three: sentence (declarative), interrogative, and command (imperative) sentences. Conventionally, declarative sentences are used if the speaker wants to declare or convey information to his or her opponent. Interrogative sentence is the sentence used if the speaker wants to get the information, the reaction or the expected answer. As for the imperative sentence, is if the speaker wants to enjoin or forbid his opponent to do something. But in pragmatic studies, there are times when the sentence is used non-conventionally. Declarative sentences, in addition to functioning to deliver the news, also enabled to ask; interrogative sentences other than enabled to ask is also enabled for the request or command. Meanwhile, the command line can only be used conventionally, and can not be used non-conventionally. When all three sentences are conventionally functioned, the speech is called direct speech act, whereas when used in a non-conventional way, it is called indirect speech act. The use of sentences indirectly has a purpose, among others, in order to maintain politeness. A command that explanation by using the sentence news or sentence, will be felt by the opponent said lighter, even for the opponent said the command on him is not perceived as a command. In the Qur'an there are many unusually functional sentences, indicating that the Qur'an is a holy book that strongly upholds language-based pride. One of them is Surah Al-Kahfi. In the Surah Al-Kahfi, found some verses which are indirect speech. In Surah Al-Kahfi, the forms of indirect speech are as follows. First, Declarative texts mean imperative is found in verse 16, 45, 52, 60 and 78. Second, Interrogative texts mean imperative is found in verse 6, 9 and 50. Third, Interrogative texts mean declarative is found in verses 15, 37, 57, 68, 75, 102 and 103.

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Schwarb, Hillary, Curtis L. Johnson, Michael R. Dulas, et al. "Structural and Functional MRI Evidence for Distinct Medial Temporal and Prefrontal Roles in Context-dependent Relational Memory." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 12 (2019): 1857–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01454.

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Declarative memory is supported by distributed brain networks in which the medial-temporal lobes (MTLs) and pFC serve as important hubs. Identifying the unique and shared contributions of these regions to successful memory performance is an active area of research, and a growing literature suggests that these structures often work together to support declarative memory. Here, we present data from a context-dependent relational memory task in which participants learned that individuals belonged in a single room in each of two buildings. Room assignment was consistent with an underlying contextual rule structure in which male and female participants were assigned to opposite sides of a building and the side assignment switched between buildings. In two experiments, neural correlates of performance on this task were evaluated using multiple neuroimaging tools: diffusion tensor imaging (Experiment 1), magnetic resonance elastography (Experiment 1), and functional MRI (Experiment 2). Structural and functional data from each individual modality provided complementary and consistent evidence that the hippocampus and the adjacent white matter tract (i.e., fornix) supported relational memory, whereas the ventromedial pFC/OFC (vmPFC/OFC) and the white matter tract connecting vmPFC/OFC to MTL (i.e., uncinate fasciculus) supported memory-guided rule use. Together, these data suggest that MTL and pFC structures differentially contribute to and support contextually guided relational memory.

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Vauclair, Jacques. "Does the use of the dynamic system approach really help fill in the gap between human and nonhuman primate language?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, no. 5 (2002): 642–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x02460116.

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The highly recommended transposition of the dynamic system approach for tackling the question of apes' linguistic abilities has clearly not led to a demonstration that these primates have acquired language. Fundamental differences related to functional modalities – namely, use of the declarative and the form of engagement between mother and infant – can be observed in the way humans and apes use their communicatory systems.

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WL Chee, Michael. "What Has Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Revealed Regarding the Neurobehavioral Correlates of Sleep Deprivation?" US Neurology 05, no. 02 (2010): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usn.2010.05.02.93.

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A night of total sleep deprivation can result in performance decline in several cognitive domains. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) hashelped to reveal the neuroanatomical correlates of such changes in attention and memory, as well as in risky decision-making. Studies of sleepdeprivation have shed light on the role of sleep in the consolidation of declarative memory, which can be observed in the form of temporally specificchanges in hippocampal and neocortical activation. Sleep deprivation can also be thought of as a cognitive stress test that may afford testing ofcognitive enhancers.

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40

Zimmermann, Malte. "Discourse particles in the left periphery." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 35, no. 2 (2004): 543–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.35.2004.241.

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This article analyses the German discourse particle wohl 'I suppose', 'presumably' as a syntactic and semantic modifier of the sentence types declarative and interrogative. It is shown that wohl does not contribute to the propositional, i.e. descriptive content of an utterance. Nor does it trigger an implicature. The proposed analysis captures the semantic behaviour of wohl by assuming that it moves to SpecForceP at LF, from where it can modify the sentence type operators in Force0 in compositional fashion. Semantically, a modification with wohl results in a weaker commitment to the proposition expressed in declaratives and in a request for a weaker commitment concerning the questioned proposition in interrogatives. Cross-linguistic evidence for a left-peripheral position of wohl (at LF) comes from languages in which the counterpart of wohl occurs in the clausal periphery overtly. Overall, the analysis sheds more light on the semantic properties of the left periphery, in particular of the functional projection ForceP.

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41

SILVA, JOSEP, and GERMÁN VIDAL. "Forward slicing of functional logic programs by partial evaluation." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 7, no. 1-2 (2007): 215–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068406002870.

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AbstractProgram slicing has been mainly studied in the context of imperative languages, where it has been applied to a wide variety of software engineering tasks, like program understanding, maintenance, debugging, testing, code reuse, etc. This work introduces the first forward slicing technique for declarative multi-paradigm programs which integrate features from functional and logic programming. Basically, given a program and aslicing criterion(a function call in our setting), the computed forward slice contains those parts of the original program which arereachablefrom the slicing criterion. Our approach to program slicing is based on an extension of (online) partial evaluation. Therefore, it provides a simple way to develop program slicing tools from existing partial evaluators and helps to clarify the relation between both methodologies. A slicing tool for the multi-paradigm language Curry, which demonstrates the usefulness of our approach, has been implemented in Curry itself.

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42

BIRD, RICHARD S. "FUNCTIONAL PEARL Unfolding pointer algorithms." Journal of Functional Programming 11, no. 3 (2001): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796801003914.

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A fair amount has been written on the subject of reasoning about pointer algorithms. There was a peak about 1980 when everyone seemed to be tackling the formal verification of the Schorr–Waite marking algorithm, including Gries (1979, Morris (1982) and Topor (1979). Bornat (2000) writes: “The Schorr–Waite algorithm is the first mountain that any formalism for pointer aliasing should climb”. Then it went more or less quiet for a while, but in the last few years there has been a resurgence of interest, driven by new ideas in relational algebras (Möeller, 1993), in data refinement Butler (1999), in type theory (Hofmann, 2000; Walker and Morrisett, 2000), in novel kinds of assertion (Reynolds, 2000), and by the demands of mechanised reasoning (Bornat, 2000). Most approaches end up being based in the Floyd–Dijkstra–Hoare tradition with loops and invariant assertions. To be sure, when dealing with any recursively-defined linked structure some declarative notation has to be brought in to specify the problem, but no one to my knowledge has advocated a purely functional approach throughout. Mason (1988) comes close, but his Lisp expressions can be very impure. Möller (1999) also exploits an algebraic approach, and the structure of his paper has much in common with what follows.This pearl explores the possibility of a simple functional approach to pointer manipulation algorithms.

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43

Muzakki, Kholid Akhmad. "(كلام غير مباشر في سورة الكهف (دراسة تحليلية تداولية Tindak Tutur Tidak Langsung Dalam Surat Al-Kahfi (Kajian Analisis Pragmatik)". Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 1, № 1 (2018): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31538/nazhruna.v1i1.125.

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Sentences by mode can be divided into three: sentence (declarative), interrogative, and command (imperative) sentences. Conventionally, declarative sentences are used if the speaker wants to declare or convey information to his or her opponent. Interrogative sentence is the sentence used if the speaker wants to get the information, the reaction or the expected answer. As for the imperative sentence, is if the speaker wants to enjoin or forbid his opponent to do something. But in pragmatic studies, there are times when the sentence is used non-conventionally. Declarative sentences, in addition to functioning to deliver the news, also enabled to ask; interrogative sentences other than enabled to ask is also enabled for the request or command. Meanwhile, the command line can only be used conventionally, and can not be used non-conventionally. When all three sentences are conventionally functioned, the speech is called direct speech act, whereas when used in a non-conventional way, it is called indirect speech act. The use of sentences indirectly has a purpose, among others, in order to maintain politeness. A command that explanation by using the sentence news or sentence, will be felt by the opponent said lighter, even for the opponent said the command on him is not perceived as a command. In the Qur'an there are many unusually functional sentences, indicating that the Qur'an is a holy book that strongly upholds language-based pride. One of them is surah Al-Kahfi. In the surah Al-Kahfi, found some verses which are indirect speech. In Surah Al-Kahfi, the forms of indirect speech are as follows. First, Declarative texts mean imperative is found in the verse 16, 45, 52, 60 and 78. Second, Interrogative texts mean imperative is found in the verse 6, 9 and 50. Third, Interrogative texts mean declarative is found in the verses 15, 37, 57, 68, 75, 102 and 103.

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44

ESTÉVEZ-MARTÍN, S., T. HORTALÁ-GONZÁLEZ, M. RODRÍGUEZ-ARTALEJO, R. DEL VADO-VÍRSEDA, F. SÁENZ-PÉREZ та A. J. FERNÁNDEZ. "On the cooperation of the constraint domains ℋ, ℛ, and ℱ in CFLP". Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 9, № 4 (2009): 415–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068409003780.

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AbstractThis paper presents a computational model for the cooperation of constraint domains and an implementation for a particular case of practical importance. The computational model supports declarative programming with lazy and possibly higher-order functions, predicates, and the cooperation of different constraint domains equipped with their respective solvers, relying on a so-called constraint functional logic programming (CFLP) scheme. The implementation has been developed on top of theCFLPsystem, supporting the cooperation of the three domains ℋ, ℛ, and ℱ, which supply equality and disequality constraints over symbolic terms, arithmetic constraints over the real numbers, and finite domain constraints over the integers, respectively. The computational model has been proved sound and complete w.r.t. the declarative semantics provided by theCFLPscheme, while the implemented system has been tested with a set of benchmarks and shown to behave quite efficiently in comparison to the closest related approach we are aware of.

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45

Gour, Natalina, Jean-Philippe Ranjeva, Mathieu Ceccaldi, et al. "Basal functional connectivity within the anterior temporal network is associated with performance on declarative memory tasks." NeuroImage 58, no. 2 (2011): 687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.090.

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46

Eichenbaum, Howard, Tim Otto, and Neal J. Cohen. "The hippocampal system: Dissociating its functional components and recombining them in the service of declarative memory." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 4 (1996): 772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00043971.

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AbstractContinuing commentary raised several issues concerning our proposal that the hippocampus, parahippocampal region, and cortical association areas mediate different aspects of memory function. Recent relevant findings strengthen our argument that neocortical areas and the parahippocampal region maintain persistent encodings of specific single items and that the hippocampus mediates representations of the relations among these items. The reciprocally and closely interconnected structures that compose the hippocampal memory system work interactively to support flexible memory expression that is relevant to the natural behavior of animals and to conscious recollection in humans.

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47

Dube, Busi. "Where are the minimal trees? Evidence from early Zulu L2 subordination." Second Language Research 16, no. 3 (2000): 233–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/026765800666067410.

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The Minimal Trees Hypothesis (Vainikka and Young-Scholten 1994; 1996a; 1996b) proposes that second language (L2) initial state grammars lack functional categories because functional categories are not subject to transfer effects. The aim of this article is to argue that, to some extent, functional categories instantiated in the learner's first language (L1) transfer to the initial state of L2 syntactic development. On the basis of Zulu interlanguage (IL) data on the acquisition of the obligatory declarative complementizer ukuthi(‘that’) by English native speakers, it is argued that Comp contains a null complementizer system which has sufficient syntactic content to generate subordination in the learners' initial Zulu IL grammar. Regarding transfer of functional categories, it is suggested that null Comp evident at the Zulu L2 initial state is transferred from English, the subjects' L1.

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NILSSON, HENRIK. "How to look busy while being as lazy as ever: the Implementation of a lazy functional debugger." Journal of Functional Programming 11, no. 6 (2001): 629–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095679680100418x.

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This article describes the implementation of a debugger for lazy functional languages like Haskell. The key idea is to construct a declarative trace which hides the operational details of lazy evaluation. However, to avoid excessive memory consumption, the trace is constructed one piece at a time, as needed during a debugging session, by automatic re-execution of the program being debugged. The article gives a fairly detailed account of both the underlying ideas and of our implementation, and also presents performance figures which demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.

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MEEHAN, GARY, and MIKE JOY. "Animated fuzzy logic." Journal of Functional Programming 8, no. 5 (1998): 503–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796898003177.

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In this paper we aim to give an introduction to fuzzy logic using the language Haskell to implement our solutions. We shall see how the high-level, declarative nature of a functional language allows us to implement easily and efficiently solutions to problems using fuzzy logic and, in particular, how the presence of functions as first-class values allows us to model the key concept of the fuzzy subset in a natural way.

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Sipayung, Kammer Tuahman, Nenni Triana Sinaga, Maria Olivia Cristina Sianipar, and Fenty Debora Napitupulu. "Metafunction Realization on Students’ Descriptive Paragraphs." International Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 6 (2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v8i6.10264.

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The objectives of this paper is to describe and explain the experential, interpersonal, textual meaning and schematic structure of students’ descriptive writing. This research used descriptive qualitative approach with content and Interview analysis as a tehnique. Descriptive texts which is written by students are the source data in this research. Source data are analyzed through Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory. It is found that students conveyed the experential meaning by using four process (relational 66,02%, Material 17,22%, Mental 9,09% and Existential 7,65%). The students expressed the interpersonal meaning of descriptive text through declarative, imperative, modality and personal pronoun. It was showed that descriptive mostly dominated with declarative form (98,51). The students expressed the textual meaning for their descriptive text through developing themes and rhemes. Half (57,54%) students had planned the rhetorical development of the text. Seventeen descriptive writing were built with two main stages (identification and description). There are 64,7% text was constructed in not proper stages (schematic structures).

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Journal articles on the topic 'Declarative; Functional'

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