Relevant bibliographies by topics / Decisional autonomy

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Decisional autonomy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Decisional autonomy"

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Levin, Paul E. "Patient Autonomy and Decisional Capacity." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 84, no. 11 (November 2002): 2105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200211000-00035.

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Capozzi, James D., and Rosamond Rhodes. "Patient Autonomy and Decisional Capacity." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 84, no. 11 (November 2002): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200211000-00036.

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Ingrand, Félix, Simon Lacroix, Solange Lemai-Chenevier, and Frederic Py. "Decisional autonomy of planetary rovers." Journal of Field Robotics 24, no. 7 (2007): 559–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rob.20206.

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Dimopoulos, Georgina. "A theory of children's decisional privacy." Legal Studies 41, no. 3 (April 5, 2021): 430–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lst.2021.16.

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AbstractDecisional privacy offers individuals the freedom to act and to make important decisions about how they live their lives, without unjustifiable interference from other individuals or the state. Children's perceived vulnerability, incapacity for rational decision-making and dependence on adults have been used to justify depriving children of decisional privacy rights and subjecting them to the exercise of adult power over the conditions of their lives. The aim of this paper is to articulate a theory of children's decisional privacy. It is argued that decisional privacy is valued as a condition that enables individual autonomy. A relational, gradual conception of autonomy is advanced, to explain how children can be recognised as having the capacity for autonomy, and in some circumstances, actual autonomy. This paper presents four fundamental principles of a children's rights approach to decisional privacy, which collectively serve to enhance children's meaningful participation in decision-making about their best interests, consistently with children's evolving capacities and the receipt of appropriate parental direction and guidance. The theory developed in this paper presents an opportunity for adult decision-makers to reflect upon how they make decisions for and about children, and how children can play a meaningful role in those decision-making processes.
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Celen, Nermin, Figen Cok, Harke A. Bosma, and H. Zijsling Djurre. "Perceptions of decisional uutonomy of Turkish adolescents and their parents." Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) 16, no. 35 (December 2006): 349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-863x2006000300006.

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This study attempted to investigate decisional autonomy in Turkish adolescents from 12 to 18 years. The Perspectives on Adolescent Decision Making (PADM) questionnaire was administered to 372 middle class adolescents who attend middle and high schools and to their parents. The PADM assess if adolescents decide for themselves, or parents impose restrictions or adolescents and parents have arguments about the topic. MANOVA analyzes were used. Results showed that affirmative answers increased with age. From adolescent and parents' perspectives adolescent decisional autonomy grows with age, parental control decreases, conflicts between them tended to decrease, on the perspective of parents. There was minor gender differences: girls have higher level of decisional autonomy; boys experience more conflict. Adolescents' decisional autonomy expectations tended to be higher than those of parents. Fathers' and mothers' perspectives on decisional autonomy were very similar. The results support the new family model proposed by Kaðýtçýbaþý.
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Giralt, Georges. "Mobile Robots: Decisional and Operational Autonomy." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 29, no. 4 (October 1996): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)44686-6.

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Kassirer, Samantha, and Celia Gaertig. "The Costs of Autonomy: Decisional Autonomy Undermines Advisees' Judgements of Experts." Academy of Management Proceedings 2019, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 15721. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2019.15721abstract.

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Kassirer, Samantha, Emma E. Levine, and Celia Gaertig. "Decisional autonomy undermines advisees’ judgments of experts in medicine and in life." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 21 (May 7, 2020): 11368–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910572117.

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Over the past several decades, the United States medical system has increasingly prioritized patient autonomy. Physicians routinely encourage patients to come to their own decisions about their medical care rather than providing patients with clearer yet more paternalistic advice. Although political theorists, bioethicists, and philosophers generally see this as a positive trend, the present research examines the important question of how patients and advisees in general react to full decisional autonomy when making difficult decisions under uncertainty. Across six experiments (N= 3,867), we find that advisers who give advisees decisional autonomy rather than offering paternalistic advice are judged to be less competent and less helpful. As a result, advisees are less likely to return to and recommend these advisers and pay them lower wages. Importantly, we also demonstrate that advisers do not anticipate these effects. We document these results both inside and outside the medical domain, suggesting that the preference for paternalism is not unique to medicine but rather is a feature of situations in which there are adviser–advisee asymmetries in expertise. We find that the preference for paternalism holds when advice is solicited or unsolicited, when both paternalism and autonomy are accompanied by expert guidance, and it persists both before and after the outcomes of paternalistic advice are realized. Lastly, we see that the preference for paternalism only occurs when decision makers perceive their decision to be difficult. These results challenge the benefits of recently adopted practices in medical decision making that prioritize full decisional autonomy.
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Hostiuc, S., I. Negoi, and E. Drima. "Decisional capacity in patients with acute delirium. A Rawlsian approach." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.872.

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Delirium is characterized by a temporary, usually reversible, cause of mental alteration; it can occur at any age, but affect most often the elderly. Delirium patients may also present acute psychotic episodes, which might make them decisionally incompetent. In order to assess decisional capacity, Fan et al developed a two-stage approach, which tries to analyse:– the presence of delirium, using the Confusion Assessment Method;– a proper analysis of the decisional capacity.Often, in patients with decreased decisional capacity, physicians must assess which ethical principle should respect first – the principle of autonomy, whose practical implementation is informed consent, or beneficence – the good of the patient, irrespective of the its declared wishes. In this poster, we will look at the issue of decisional capacity in patients with acute delirium from a Rawlsian point of view, and will try to give an answer based on what is just – to respect the autonomy of the patient, or the moral duty to do good to the patient.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Owen, Gareth S., Fabian Freyenhagen, Genevra Richardson, and Matthew Hotopf. "Mental Capacity and Decisional Autonomy: An Interdisciplinary Challenge." Inquiry 52, no. 1 (February 2009): 79–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00201740802661502.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Decisional autonomy"

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Jörgensen, Linn, and Sara Flytström. "Surrogatmodern - utnyttjad eller autonom? : En kvalitativ idéanalys om den svenska debattens syn på surrogatarrangemang." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45106.

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This essay is comparing the different perspectives of the debate on surrogacy in two Swedish Newspapers. The purpose of this study is to contribute with knowledge about the different perspectives of the debate about surrogacy in relation to women's autonomy. The theory is defined by decisional autonomy and practical autonomy, which is written by Jonathan Pugh. Through an idea analysis, the material of the essay is analyzed through an analysis tool created with Pugh’s theory. The delimitation of material is selected from articles from Dagens Nyheter and Svenska Dagbladet between 2010 and 2020. The result shows that 12 of the arguments in the articles are based on the decisional autonomy perspective, where six of them are based on both decisional and practical autonomy in their arguments. Practical autonomy is the main argument in four of them. The conclusion is that the side of the debate that is against surrogacy argues that the woman does not have enough autonomy to decide to be a surrogacy mother, without pressure or manipulation. The other side of the debate, that is for the altruistic model argues that she has enough autonomy to make her own decision. Another conclusion in this essay is that most of the arguments, even regarding practical autonomy, are based on decisional autonomy, since practical autonomy is mostly a tool for protecting women or helping them to implement their wishes. That's why decisional autonomy is most frequently used in the debate of surrogacy.
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Martín, Badia Júlia. "Cap a l’autonomia de l’adolescent: model d’acompanyament per a professionals assistencials." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667813.

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[cat] El respecte a l’autonomia dels pacients ha esdevingut un principi fonamental de la bioètica que ha marcat canvis legislatius i de model assistencial, tanmateix el cas dels pacients menors és especialment controvertit: no s’aprofita la presa de decisions sobre la seva salut per acompanyar-los en el procés de maduració i és difícil respectar l’autonomia que no es reconeix ni es fomenta. La causa d’aquest fet és doble. D’una banda, s’ha tingut i es té una visió de la persona menor com immadura, sense capacitat de raonament. A més, en l’àmbit sanitari sovint es té una visió biocèntrica del pacients. Això impedeix que els professionals sanitaris prenguin consciència del seu rol educatiu i, conseqüentment, la relació assistencial no és apoderadora, sinó paternalista o adultista. D’altra banda, el marc legal en què es recolzen els professionals basa la capacitat decisòria de la persona menor en criteris ambigus per subjectius (maduresa i interès superior del menor) i el seu únic criteri objectiu (l’edat), que ofereix seguretat jurídica, no és estandarditzable. D’aquesta manera, si els adults no assumeixen el deure de garantir que les persones menors puguin exercir els seus drets, el discurs dels drets dels menors queda buit de contingut. Atenent a aquesta situació, es proposa un model d’acompanyament en la forja de l’autonomia pensat per a pacients menors d’entre 12 i 15 anys (franja del menor madur), és a dir, un model d’acompanyament dels pacients menors en el procés de forja de l’autonomia. Aquest model té com a objectiu la forja de l’autonomia de l’adolescent, entesa com el dret i la capacitat de prendre decisions que, en l’àmbit sanitari, van destinades a l’autocura. Per tant, caldrà ajudar-lo a apoderar-se, a desenvolupar capacitats. I l’estratègia per fer-ho no pot ser altra que la participació, en la mesura que les capacitats s’adquireixen exercint-les. L’acompanyament consistirà, doncs, en un cercle virtuós entre autonomia, participació i capacitats. És un model que ha de ser assumible per a qualsevol professional que treballi amb adolescents, per tal que afavoreixi la coordinació entre diversos àmbits (sanitari, educatiu, social...) i, conseqüentment, una visió integradora de la persona menor. Alhora, ha de ser aplicable a les especificitats de cada àmbit. És un model centrat en l’adolescent i la família, que requereix que els professionals el posin en pràctica amb habilitats de dues menes: comunicatives i educatives. Aquest model té tres condicions. Primera, cal una visió biopsicosocial de l’adolescent. Segona, cal exercir una responsabilitat apoderadora vers ell. I tercera, l’acompanyament ha de ser comunitari. A més, es basarà en principis ètics essencials com la dignitat, la vulnerabilitat, la justícia i la solidaritat. I tindrà tres objectius: un, la forja de la identitat, que és narrativa i relacional; dos, l’apoderament, que tindrà a veure amb el desenvolupament de capacitats i de consciència moral; i tres, la cura, entesa com l’atenció a la veu i al cos de l’adolescent. En definitiva, el model que proposem entén que l’acompanyament és el reconeixement de l’adolescent com a subjecte de necessitats, com a subjecte de drets i deures, i com a subjecte de capacitats per forjar l’autocura, l’autonomia i el seu projecte vital. Per garantir l’aplicabilitat del model a la pràctica diària de qualsevol professional que treballi amb adolescents proposem un procediment deliberatiu de presa de decisions que consta de 9 passos i incloem un capítol final amb recomanacions per als diferents nivells assistencials.
[eng] The respect for patients’ autonomy has become a fundamental principle of bioethics, which has led to legal changes and a shift of the healthcare model, but in the case of minor patients it is very controversial: medical decisions are not taken advantage of in order to support these patients in their maturing process, so it is difficult to respect the autonomy which is neither recognized nor promoted. There is a double cause for this. On the one hand, minors have been and are seen as immature, as having no reasoning power and, in the medical field, in a biocentrical way. This has prevented healthcare professionals to gain awareness of their educative role and, consequently, the current healthcare relationship is not an empowering one but a paternalistic or adultistic one. On the other hand, the legislation upon which professionals rely establishes three criteria for dealing with minors’ decisional capacity, two of which are ambiguous, because of being subjective (maturity and best interests of the child). The third one, the age, is objective, so it gives legal security, but is not standardisable. In this way, if adults do not assume their duty of ensure that these rights are exercisable, the discourse of the rights of the child has no content. Taking this situation into account, this thesis suggests a model of autonomy promotion in minors of 12 to 15 years old (age bracket called “mature minor”), that is to say, a model of accompanying minor patients in their process of forging autonomy. The aim of this model is the forge of autonomy. It can be understood as the right and capacity to make decisions, which in the medical field are intended to develop self-care. Hence, the adolescent will need help to empower himself and to develop basic capacities. And the strategy to do so must be participation, as long as capacities can only be acquired by exercising them. Supporting adolescents will then consist on a virtuous circle between autonomy, participation and capacities. This model has to be assumable for any professional working with adolescents, in order to foster coordination between fields (healthcare, education, social work) and, therefore, an integrative view of minors. But, at the same time, it has to be applicable to the specificities of each field, so as not to make any professional go beyond his profession. This model is adolescent and family-centred, which requires two types of abiliites from professionals: communicative and pedagogical. This model has three requirements. One, having a biopsychosocial view of adolescents. Second, exercing an empowering responsibility towards them. And third, understanding that accompanying adolescents is a community process. In addition, it will be based on essential ethical principles, such as dignity, vulnerability or solidarity. And it will have three ends: one, forging identity, which is narrative and relational; two, empowerment, which has to do with developing capacities and moral development; and three, care, which should be understood as caring of adolescent’s voice and body. In short, the suggested model understands that supporting adolescents means recognizing them as subjects of needs, subjects of rights and duties and subjects of capacities to forge self-care, autonomy and their vital project. In order to ensure that the model is applicable to the daily practice of any professional working with adolescents, we propose a deliberative decision-making procedure that consists of 9 steps, as well as we include a last chapter of recommendations for professionals according to each healthcare service.
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Pack, Robert Harold. "Charter schools: Innovation, autonomy, and decision-making." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288954.

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This multiple case study examined one start-up and one conversion charter school in California. Eighty hours of classroom observations and thirteen teacher interviews were the basis for this descriptive comparative study. The research was guided by the following questions: (1) Do classrooms and school structures in these two charter schools appear different than traditional public schools; (2) Have teachers' methodologies changed since coming to teach at the charter school; (3) What are the similarities and differences between these two charter schools; and (4) Has teachers' autonomy changed since coming to a charter school? This study found that in comparison to teachers' previous position, (1) Teachers had not changed how they taught; and (2) Most teachers had the same amount of classroom autonomy. Additionally: (3) Teachers felt their primary motivation for innovating within their classroom was themselves, their time, and their energy; (4) Teachers did not think teaching in a charter school affected their innovativeness; (5) Teachers did not mention autonomy as a factor influencing their classroom innovativeness; (6) Teachers believed they had more autonomy regarding hiring and budgeting decisions; (7) There were no significant differences in the innovativeness between the teachers of the start-up or conversion schools; the conversion school had the most and the least innovative teachers; (8) The start-up charter school was slightly more innovative overall than the conversion charter school; (9) The two charter schools had more in common than they had differences; (10) New consensus-based, teacher-led decision-making at both schools intensified the micro-politics and burdens placed upon teachers' time, impacting their classroom performance. Unique to the start-up: (11) New operational paradigms required teachers to take on additional support services resulting in less planning time, teachers' feeling overwhelmed, and concern with keeping staff; (12) Parents and students influenced teachers to change back to less innovative practices; and (13) A small campus, faculty, and number of students appeared to create a family-like atmosphere. Based on the findings of this study, two underpinnings of the charter school movement, creating innovative classrooms and increasing teacher autonomy behind the classroom doors were problematic at these charter schools.
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Jaïem, Lotfi. "Contribution à l'autonomie des robots : vers la garantie de performance en robotique mobile autonome par la gestion des ressources matérielles et logicielles." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT338/document.

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La performance est un concept multiforme largement décliné et défini en robotique de manipulation où il relève de contraintes spécifiques : environnement non dynamique de dimensions limitées, énergie infinie. Les indicateurs de performance proposés dans le cadre de missions robotiques terrestres sont moins largement acceptés.Pour notre part nous les déclinons en axes principaux : énergie, sécurité, localisation, stabilité, et secondaires : durée par exemple.Dans le cadre de ce travail nous nous intéressons à des missions robotiques soumises à des contraintes de performance liées à la durée, la sécurité et l'énergie dans un environnement connu mais dynamique.La déclinaison des contraintes imposées à la mission et au robot permet de décomposer la mission en une suite d'activités aux contraintes invariantes. Chacune de ces activités pouvant être réalisée à l'aide d'un ensemble de tâches robotiques (se déplacer, se localiser, analyser une image, etc.) pouvant elles-mêmes être implémentées de différentes façons en fonction des actionneurs, capteurs ou algorithmes pouvant être utilisés.Le problème adressé est le suivant : comment choisir les ressources matérielles et logicielles à utiliser tout au long de la mission de façon à vérifier les contraintes de performance imposées ? C'est un problème de sac à dos multicritères NP-Complet et l'espace de recherche devient très rapidement inexplorable. De façon à proposer et garantir une solution applicable sous des contraintes temps réel, nous faisons appel à un algorithme permettant de trouver un ensemble ordonné de bonnes solutions en temps linéaire.L'approche de gestion de ressources proposée a été implémentée sur un robot Pioneer-3DX et une architecture de contrôle s'appuyant sur le Middleware ContrACT.Cette approche a été validée dans le cadre d'une mission de patrouille d'une longueur de 200 m et durant une dizaine de minutes, au sein du laboratoire LIRMM, pour vérifier l'état de vannes.Pour la mission choisie, l'espace d'états à considérer est supérieur à 10^{14}.Tout au long de la mission, les ressources matérielles et logicielles sont choisies dynamiquement et d'une façon autonome afin de satisfaire les contraintes de performance imposées.Si des ressources ne sont plus opérationnelles, ou si trop d'évitements d'obstacles non prévus sont effectués, l'approche développée est capable de trouver en ligne une nouvelle solution d'affectation des ressources vérifiant les contraintes de performance imposées, si elle existe.Ces travaux participant donc à l'accroissement du niveau de tolérance aux fautes du système robotisé
The performance is a multi-form concept widely defined in manufacturing robotics with specific environment conditions (static and perfectly known) and infinite energy).However, performance indicators proposed in mobile robotics are less widely accepted.We differenciate between main performance axes (energy, safety, localization and stability) and secondary performance axes (duration for example).In our work, we are interested on missions realized under duration, safety and energy performance constraints, in a known but dynamic environment.Applying the different constraints decomposes the mission into a sequence of activities realized under invariant constraints.Each one, can be realized by a set of robotic tasks (move, be located, analyze an image, etc.).These tasks can be implemented in various ways according to the different possibles actuators, sensors and algorithms configurations.The adressed problem is the following: how to choose the hardware and software resources to use along a mission while satisfying the different performance constraints ? It is a multicriteria knapsack problem known to be NP-hard, where the complexity becomes very quickly unexplorable.To propose and guarantee an applicable solution under real-time constraints, we used an algorithm allowing to find a set of good solutions in few iterations.The proposed resources management approach is implemented on a Pioneer-3DX robot using a control architecture based on the Middleware ContrACT.This approach has been validated on a patrolling mission travelling 200 m within the LIRMM laboratory during about 10 mn, to verify the state of valves.For the considered mission, the state space dimension is higher than 10^{14}.The hardware and software resources are dynamically and autonomously selected along the mission to satisfy the different performance constraints.If a resource becomes faulty and/or many obstacle avoidances occure and lead to performance drift, the developed approach finds on line a new resources allocation solution (if it exists).So this approach allows to enhance the fault tolerance of the robotic system
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Biurrun, Garrido Ainoa. "La humanización de la asistencia al parto: Valoración de la satisfacción, autonomía y del autocontrol." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457137.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: Desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX, la asistencia a la gestación y al nacimiento ha sufrido un proceso de medicalización y tecnificación. Esta medicalización de la atención ha suscitado opiniones encontradas; mientras algunos han considerado la medicalización y tecnificación de la asistencia al nacimiento como signos positivos del progreso médico, otros han hecho responsable a estos procesos, de la deshumanización de las atenciones a las embarazadas, por lo que han reclamado el retorno a un trato más respetuoso con cada persona, con cada gestante, parturienta y/o puérpera. Como respuesta al fenómeno de la medicalización, en los últimos años se está asistiendo a un cambio en el modelo de atención sanitaria al nacimiento. En este cambio se pone énfasis al concepto de humanización asociado a la atención sanitaria en el trabajo de parto. No obstante, se debe recordar que, optar por una asistencia más o menos tecnificada implica decidir, escoger entre diferentes modelos asistenciales y ello tiene implicaciones a diferentes niveles: éticos, políticos, institucionales y organizativos. OBJETIVO: Conocer la experiencia de las mujeres, con el fin de profundizar en lo que significa para ellas una atención humanizada y satisfactoria al parto. METODOLOGÍA: En primer lugar, para la realización de este trabajo, se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía publicada con la que se elaboró una aproximación histórica obstétrica contextualizada, y se conocieron los factores que determinan según la bibliografía una atención humanizada al nacimiento. Posteriormente, se realizó un estudio cualitativo con un diseño fenomenológico interpretativo según la perspectiva de Gadamer. Se realizaron 21 entrevistas a mujeres con una gestación de bajo y medio riesgo obstétrico, para identificar los elementos que contribuyen a una percepción de atención humanizada y satisfactoria del parto. Posteriormente, se llevaron a cabo 8 entrevistas adicionales con el objetivo de profundizar en la experiencia de las mujeres en relación a la toma de decisiones informadas durante la atención al parto. RESULTADOS: Se observó que los elementos que las mujeres reconocieron como fundamentales para una experiencia positiva, satisfactoria y humanizada de la atención recibida estaban relacionados con: las expectativas previas que éstas tenían, las cuales estaban condicionadas por el imaginario social del parto como situación de riesgo, con la vivencia que tuvieron; en caso de partos anteriores, con la seguridad percibida, con el respeto a la privacidad y con el soporte emocional recibido durante el trabajo de parto y parto. Además, se constató que la experiencia de las mujeres en relación con la toma de decisiones informada durante la atención al parto, viene determinada por su capacidad de decisión durante este proceso en determinados aspectos y que dicha capacidad se desarrolla a lo largo de un proceso que se inicia en el tercer trimestre de embarazo y concluye en el parto, siendo distintas las demandas que las mujeres realizan a los profesionales según el momento asistencial. CONCLUSIONES: La concepción social que define el parto como una "situación de riesgo" influye en las expectativas de las mujeres y en la experiencia de dar a luz. La seguridad proporcionada por la infraestructura hospitalaria y la tecnología es un factor importante para las mujeres entrevistadas. El reconocimiento de la capacidad independiente para tomar decisiones, el respeto a la privacidad y el sentimiento de conexión con los profesionales que se establece durante la relación asistencial, también se consideraron elementos fundamentales. Es importante que los profesionales de la salud sean particularmente sensibles con respecto a los elementos que garantizan un respeto a la privacidad, que las mujeres sean preguntadas antes de ser atendidas y que los profesionales de la salud y en especial las matronas adopten una sensibilidad ética que contribuya al respeto de la autonomía de las mujeres.
INTRODUCTION: Since the second half of the 20th century, the care during pregnancy and childbirth has undergone a process of ‘medicalization’ and ‘technification’. This incremental medicating during the attention received by the patient has caused a difference of opinion: while some consider the increasing use of medication and technology throughout childbirth attention a positive indicator of medical progress, others make these processes responsible for the dehumanization in the care of pregnant women. Hence, they call for the return to a more respectful treatment for each person, pregnant woman, woman in labour and/or postpartum woman. As a result of the ‘medicalization’ phenomena, in recent years a change in the model of the attention received during childbirth has taken place. In this change, the concept of humanization related to healthcare attention during the childbirth has been emphasized. However, it must be pointed out that the choice of a more or less technical assistance means deciding among different models of attention that have different consequences: ethical, political, institutional and organizational. OBJECTIVE: To understand women’s experience with the purpose of going into detail about what it means for them a humanized and satisfactory attention to childbirth. METHODOLOGY: As a first step of this research, it was carried out a review about the published bibliography with which a contextual historical obstetric approach was developed, and there were identified the elements that determine a humanized childbirth attention according to the bibliography. Afterwards, it was performed a qualitative study with a phenomenological interpretative design following Gadamer’s perspective. There were conducted 21 interviews in women with low and medium gestational obstetrical gestation to identify the elements that contribute to a perception of humanized and satisfactory delivery. After that, we conducted 8 additional interviews in order to deepen in the women’s experience related to informed decision making during childbirth attention. RESULTS: It was observed that the elements that the women recognized as fundamental for a positive, satisfactory and humanized experience of the attention received were related to: prior expectations they had of it, which were conditioned by the social imaginary of childbirth as a risky situation with the experience that they had; in case of previous births, with the perceived safety, respect for privacy and emotional support received during labour and delivery. In addition, it was found that women’s experience in relation to informed decision making during childbirth attention, it is determined by its decision making capacity during this process in certain aspects and this capacity is developed throughout a process which begins in the third trimester of pregnancy and concludes in childbirth, making different requests to the professionals depending on the situation during the assistance. CONCLUSIONS: The social conception that defines childbirth as a “risk situation” influences the expectations that the women around us form and influences the experience of giving birth; the security provided by the hospital infrastructure and technology is an important factor for the women interviewed. Recognition of independent capacity to make decisions, respect for privacy and the feeling of a connection with the midwives, were also seen as fundamental elements. It is important that healthcare professionals be particularly sensitive with regard to privacy, that women are asked before they are attended to by trainees and that midwives adopt an ethical sensitivity that contributes to respect for the women’s autonomy.
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Leonard, Samantha Jane. "Difficult decisions : autonomy, prenatal choice and prognostic ambiguity." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683564.

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New methods of fetal anomaly detection will offer increasingly detailed information to prospective parents but are likely to lead to more frequent discovery of anomalies with an ambiguous prognosis for the future child. It is important to consider the ethical implications of such ambiguity prior to introducing new tests. An examination of the bioethics literature reveals 'promoting autonomy' as the predominant justification for fetal anomaly detection. Two questions arise: does the fetal anomaly detection programme as it stands promote autonomy, and is 'promoting autonomy' an appropriate ethical principle in this context? To answer these questions, an empirical bioethics approach using a reflexive balancing methodology is employed. This examines qualitative data from interviews of prospective parents who had had to decide, on the basis of such an ambiguous prognosis, whether or not to continue their pregnancy. On the basis of different accounts of autonomy, it is argued that the fetal anomaly detection programme does not promote autonomy when decisions are based on an uncertain prognosis. Moreover, 'promoting autonomy' is not, on its own, an appropriate aim in this setting, as the participants did not use their choice as a means of self-expression, the decisions were made by two people and were heavily swayed by considerations for the future child, and under conditions of uncertainty it is not possible to attain the level of rational decision-making required by most accounts of autonomy. Furthermore, the impacts of the decision reduce the benefit of any potential opportunity for self-expression through these choices. The data indicated that a welfare approach might be more appropriate, and it was concluded that, whilst a welfare approach did not entirely encompass all of the nuances of the participants' experiences, it was the better fit, giving some useful indications for an ethical framework for an expanded offer of testing.
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Baker, Eileen F. "Autonomy and Informed Consent." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1491391673593916.

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Daltorio, Kathryn A. "Obstacle Navigation Decision-Making: Modeling Insect Behavior for Robot Autonomy." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1365157897.

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Swindell, Jennifer Sproul. "Respecting autonomy in cases of ambivalence regarding end of life decisions." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Veale, Martin Orla. "Advance care directives and medical treatment decision-making: preserving patient autonomy." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123329.

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The principle of autonomy allows each person control over his or her body, and, consequently, to decide what medical treatment he or she will accept or refuse. However, where the individual does not have the ability, or capacity, to make such a decision, they may be subjected to medical treatment carried out in what a substitute decision-maker perceives to be their "best interests", which may not conform to their previous wishes that were reached autonomously. In order to preserve autonomy in the anticipation of a lack of capacity, individuals can formalise their health care plans in documents known as advance care directives. In many common law jurisdictions, the use of these types of documents is provided for by legislation. In this thesis I aim to review the legality of these directives where there is no legislation providing for their use, using Ireland as a case study, as the statutory law in Ireland is currently silent on this issue.I propose that the principle of autonomy which is protected under Irish law allows for the use of advance care directives without the need for legislation. I set out the criteria, as I see them, of a lawful advance care directive under Irish legal jurisdiction. I will address this issue by reviewing the Irish law in relation to the right to autonomy, the criteria for assessment of capacity, and health care decision-making, drawing on relevant examples from other common law jurisdictions.
Le principe d'autonomie permet à chacun de prendre les décisions relatives à son corps, et par conséquent, permet à l'individu de décider quel traitement médical accepter ou refuser. Toutefois, lorsque l'individu n'a pas la capacité de décider, il ou elle peut être soumis à des traitements médicaux qu'un décideur substitut considère être en son « meilleur intérêt ». Cette décision n'est pas nécessairement conforme aux désirs exprimés par la personne traitée alors qu'elle en avait la capacité. Pour préserver leur autonomie alors qu'ils en ont encore la capacité, certains rédigent un document appelé directive préalable de traitement. Dans plusieurs juridictions de « common law », ces directives font l'objet d'un cadre législatif. Cette thèse considère la légalité de telles directives dans les juridictions dépourvues d'un tel cadre législatif et utilise l'Irlande comme étude de cas parce que le droit statutaire irlandais ne se prononce pas sur les directives préalables de traitement.
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Books on the topic "Decisional autonomy"

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Final choices: Autonomy in health care decisions. Springfield, Ill., U.S.A: Thomas, 1989.

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Schermer, Maartje. The different faces of autonomy: Patient autonomy in ethical theory and hospital practice. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.

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Schermer, Maartje. The different faces of autonomy: Patient autonomy in ethical theory and hospital practice. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2001.

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The practice of autonomy: Patients, doctors, and medical decisions. New York: Oxford Unviersity Press, 1998.

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Chan, Hui Yun. Advance Directives: Rethinking Regulation, Autonomy & Healthcare Decision-Making. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00976-2.

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Respecting patient autonomy. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999.

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Against autonomy: Justifying coercive paternalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Kofi, Awusabo-Asare, ed. Female autonomy, family decision making, and demographic behavior in Africa. Lewiston, N.Y: Edwin Mellen Press, 1999.

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Moshe, Sokol, and Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary., eds. Rabbinic authority and personal autonomy. Northvale, N.J: J. Aronson, 1992.

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Lamb, David. Therapy abatement, autonomy and futility: Ethical decisions at edge of life. Brookfield, VT: Avebury, Ashgate Pub., 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Decisional autonomy"

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Lee, Shui Chuen. "On Relational Autonomy." In The Family, Medical Decision-Making, and Biotechnology, 83–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5220-0_7.

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Dennis, Louise, and Michael Fisher. "Verifiable Autonomy and Responsible Robotics." In Software Engineering for Robotics, 189–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66494-7_7.

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AbstractThe move towards greater autonomy presents challenges for software engineering. As we may be delegating greater responsibility to software systems and as these autonomous systems can make their own decisions and take their own actions, a step change in the way the systems are developed and verified is needed. This step involves moving from just considering what the system does, but also why it chooses to do it (since decision-making may be delegated). In this chapter, we provide an overview of our programme of work in this area: utilising hybrid agent architectures, exposing and verifying the reasons for decisions, and applying this to assessing a range of properties of autonomous systems.
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Barber, K. Suzanne, and Cheryl E. Martin. "Autonomy as Decision-Making Control." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 343–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44631-1_25.

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Suksi, Markku. "Participation in Decision-Making." In Sub-State Governance through Territorial Autonomy, 395–506. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20048-9_6.

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Kormushev, Petar, and Seyed Reza Ahmadzadeh. "Robot Learning for Persistent Autonomy." In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 3–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26327-4_1.

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Olver, Ian N. "Autonomy and Life or Death Decisions." In Is Death Ever Preferable to Life?, 69–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1976-6_4.

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Simsek, Burak, Katinka Wolter, and Hakan Coskun. "Dynamic Decision Making for Candidate Access Point Selection." In Autonomic Networking, 50–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11880905_5.

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Wódczak, Michał. "Autonomic Decision Making Entities." In Autonomic Computing Enabled Cooperative Networked Design, 59–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0764-9_6.

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Rosin, Frédéric, Pascal Forget, Samir Lamouri, and Robert Pellerin. "Industry 4.0 and Decision Making." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 400–405. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_63.

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AbstractIndustry 4.0 is an ubiquitous term that suggests significant impacts on the productivity and flexibility of production systems. But to what extent do the various technologies associated with Industry 4.0 contribute to enhance autonomy of operational teams by helping them make better and faster decisions, particularly in the context of Lean production system? This paper proposes a model of different types of autonomy in the decision-making process, depending on whether or not the steps in the decision-making process are enhanced by technologies. This model will be tested afterwards in a use case implemented in a learning factory offering Lean management training before being tested in a real production unit.
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Twamley, Katherine. "Parental Authority, Youth Autonomy and Marital Decisions." In Love, Marriage and Intimacy among Gujarati Indians, 51–66. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137294302_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Decisional autonomy"

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Saglietti, Francesca, David Fohrweiser, Stefan Winzinger, and Raimar Lill. "Model-Based Design and Testing of Decisional Autonomy and Cooperation in Cyber-Physical Systems." In 2015 41st Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/seaa.2015.68.

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Barber, K. S., R. M. McKay, C. E. Martin, T. H. Liu, J. Kim, D. Han, and A. Goel. "Sensible Agents in Supply Chain Management: An Example Highlighting Procurement and Production Decisions." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/cie-9078.

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Abstract Agent-based technologies can be applied to many aspects of supply chain management. The need for responsive, flexible agents is pervasive in this environment due to its complex, dynamic nature. Two critical aspects of agent capabilities are the ability to (1) classify agent behaviors according to autonomy level and (2) adapt problem-solving roles to various problem-solving situations during system operation. Sensible Agents, capable of Dynamic Adaptive Autonomy, have been developed to address these issues. A Sensible Agent’s “autonomy level” constitutes a description of the agent’s problem-solving role with respect to a particular goal. Problem-solving roles are defined along a spectrum of autonomy ranging from command-driven, to consensus, to locally autonomous/master. Dynamic Adaptive Autonomy is a capability that allows Sensible Agents to change autonomy levels during system operation to meet the needs of a particular problem-solving situation. This paper provides an overview of the Sensible Agent Testbed and introduces an example supply chain management domain with a scenario showing how this testbed could be used to simulate agent-based problem solving.
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Dignum, Virginia. "Responsible Autonomy." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/655.

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As intelligent systems are increasingly making decisions that directly affect society, perhaps the most important upcoming research direction in AI is to rethink the ethical implications of their actions. Means are needed to integrate moral, societal and legal values with technological developments in AI, both during the design process as well as part of the deliberation algorithms employed by these systems. In this paper, we describe leading ethics theories and propose alternative ways to ensure ethical behavior by artificial systems. Given that ethics are dependent on the socio-cultural context and are often only implicit in deliberation processes, methodologies are needed to elicit the values held by designers and stakeholders, and to make these explicit leading to better understanding and trust on artificial autonomous systems.
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Ferry, Mitch, Ziming Tu, Leesa Stephens, and Graham Prickett. "Towards True UAV Autonomy." In 2007 Information, Decision and Control. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idc.2007.374544.

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Michelson, R. C. "Full autonomy of intelligent flight." In Information, Decision and Control. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idc.2002.995360.

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Alexandrov, Natalia. "Explainable AI Decisions for Human-Autonomy Interactions." In 17th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3991.

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Beal, Jacob, Jonathan Webb, and Michael Atighetchi. "Adjustable autonomy for cross-domain entitlement decisions." In the 3rd ACM workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1866423.1866436.

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Chanron, Vincent, and Kemper Lewis. "Convergence and Stability in Distributed Design of Large Systems." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57344.

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Decentralized systems constitute a special class of design under distributed environments. They are characterized as large and complex systems divided into several smaller entities that have autonomy in local optimization and decision-making. The mechanisms behind this network of decentralized design decisions create difficult management and coordination issues. Standard techniques to modeling and solving decentralized design problems typically fail to understand the underlying dynamics of the decentralized processes and therefore result in suboptimal solutions. This paper aims to model and understand the mechanisms and dynamics behind a decentralized set of decisions within a complex design process. This paper builds on already existing results of convergence in decentralized design for simple problems to extend them to any kind of quadratic decentralized system. This involves two major steps: developing the convergence conditions for the distributed optimization problem, and finding the equilibrium points of the design space. Illustrations of the results are given in the form of hypothetical decentralized examples.
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Huang, Hui-Min, Elena Messina, Robert Wade, Ralph English, Brian Novak, and James Albus. "Autonomy Measures for Robots." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61812.

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Robots are becoming increasingly autonomous. Yet, there are no commonly accepted terms and measures of how “autonomous” a robot is. An ad hoc working group has been formed to address these deficiencies, focusing on the unmanned vehicles domain. This group is defining terminology relevant to unmanned systems and is devising metrics for autonomy levels of these systems. Autonomy definitions and measures must encompass many dimensions and serve many audiences. An Army general making decisions about deployment of unmanned scout vehicles may want to only know a value on a scale from 1 to 10, whereas test engineers need to know specifics about the types of environments and missions that the vehicles are expected to deal with. Any system will have to communicate with humans, hence this is an important dimension in evaluating autonomy. The autonomy levels for unmanned systems (ALFUS) group is therefore developing metrics based on three principal dimensions: task complexity, environmental difficulty, and human interaction. This paper reports on the current state of the ALFUS metric for evaluating robots.
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Chee, Matthew, and Cameron J. Turner. "Localized Decision-Making for Materials Transportation Systems Subject to Stochastic Uncertainty." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38274.

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Programming and installation of Materials Transportation Systems (MTS) in a manufacturing setting represent a significant portion of the investment in these systems. The costs are often so high that this alone presents a barrier to adoption amongst midsize manufacturers. Furthermore, the resulting systems are just as costly to reconfigure, limiting the flexibility of the resulting manufacturing facility to product changes. This research examines a localized decision-making scheme, in which individual manufacturing components are enhanced with an amount of intelligence and autonomy to enable the system to automatically self-program. Through an example, we study this paradigm versus fixed programming alternatives as the stochastic variability of the manufacturing setting increases. Localized Decision-Making enables a plug-n-play autonomy that can readily adapt to changes and deal with uncertainties in manufacturing.
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Reports on the topic "Decisional autonomy"

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Konaev, Margarita, Husanjot Chahal, Ryan Fedasiuk, Tina Huang, and Ilya Rahkovsky. U.S. Military Investments in Autonomy and AI: A Budgetary Assessment. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200069.

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The Pentagon has a wide range of research and development programs using autonomy and AI in unmanned vehicles and systems, information processing, decision support, targeting functions, and other areas. This policy brief delves into the details of DOD’s science and technology program to assess trends in funding, key areas of focus, and gaps in investment that could stymie the development and fielding of AI systems in operational settings.
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Pasquerella, Lynn, and Lawrence E. Rothstein. Investigation of the Ethical Concepts that Inform the Laws Limiting Genetic Screening in Employment Decisions: Privacy, Human Dignity, Equality, Autonomy, Efficiency. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/900759.

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Findlay, Trevor. The Role of International Organizations in WMD Compliance and Enforcement: Autonomy, Agency, and Influence. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmd/20/wmdce9.

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Major multilateral arms control and disarmament treaties dealing with weapons of mass destruction (WMD) often have mandated an international organization to monitor and verify State party compliance and to handle cases of non-compliance. There are marked differences in the mandates and technical capabilities of these bodies. Nonetheless, they often face the same operational and existential challenges. This report looks at the role of multilateral verification bodies, especially their secretariats, in dealing with compliance and enforcement, the extent to which they achieve “agency” and “influence” in doing so, and whether and how such capacities might be enhanced. In WMD organizations it is the governing bodies that make decisions about noncompliance and enforcement. The role of their secretariats is to manage the monitoring and verification systems, analyse the resulting data – and data from other permitted sources – and alert their governing bodies to suspicions of non-compliance. Secretariats are expected to be impartial, technically oriented and professional. It is when a serious allegation of non-compliance arises that their role becomes most sensitive politically and most vital. The credibility of Secretariats in these instances will depend on the agency and influence that they have accumulated. There are numerous ways in which an international secretariat can position itself for maximum agency and influence, essentially by making itself indispensable to member States and the broader international community. It can achieve this by engaging with multiple stakeholders, aiming for excellence in its human and technical resources, providing timely and sustainable implementation assistance, ensuring an appropriate organizational culture and, perhaps most of all, understanding that knowledge is power. The challenge for supporters of international verification organizations is to enhance those elements that give them agency and influence and minimize those that lead to inefficiencies, dysfunction and, most damaging of all, political interference in verification and compliance judgements.
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Haberland, Nicole, Erica Chong, and Hillary J. Bracken. Married adolescents: An overview. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1005.

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The nascent work reviewed in this compendium indicates that married girls experience significant social isolation and limited autonomy. Across the studies examined, on indicators of mobility, exposure to media, and social networks, married girls are consistently disadvantaged compared to their unmarried peers. Similarly, across studies, on most of the domains explored here (mobility, decision-making, control over economic resources, and possibly gender-based violence), married girls tend to be less empowered and more isolated than slightly older married females. There may also be health issues associated with marriage during adolescence. Married girls are frequently at a disadvantage in terms of reproductive health information—particularly regarding STIs and HIV. First-time mothers, many of whom are adolescents, by virtue of their parity may have distinct maternal health needs and risks. Finally, early marriage potentially plays a role in exposing girls and young women to severe reproductive health risks, including HIV. Many of these elevated health risks may be largely, though not exclusively, derivative of their social vulnerability.
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