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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Santos, Carla A., J. Bernardino Lopes, and J. Paulo Cravino. "PATTERNS OF DIDACTIC DECISIONS MADE BY TEACHERS IN PHYSICAL SCIENCES CLASSROOMS." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 36, no. 1 (December 10, 2011): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/11.36.76.

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The purpose of this study is to highlight didactic decisions of teachers in Physical Sciences classrooms. The framework used is teacher mediation of students’ learning. Research questions: (a) what aspects of teaching trigger didactics? (b) What are the relationships between the didactic decisions of teachers and their triggers? Are the responses to these questions dependent on teacher or teaching level? This study reports on a multi-case study of five teachers from three teaching levels (basic, secondary and higher education). Multimodal narratives (a description of what happens in the classroom, using several types of data collected inside and outside the classroom) were used to analyse the didactic decisions of teachers and to determine what causes them to take a particular decision in the classroom. It searches for categories using open code analysis, and then use cluster analysis to find patterns. Four patterns of decisions were found, transversing teacher and teaching levels, and relate them to their triggers. It is found that each teacher and each teaching level has a singular profile for decision-making (a particular combination of patterns of decision-making, what draws the teacher’s attention, and the specific decisions taken). Key words: didactic decisions, draw teachers’ atention, Physical Sciences, classroom.
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Lis, Rebecca, Vicki Sakata, and Onora Lien. "How to Choose? Using the Delphi Method to Develop Consensus Triggers and Indicators for Disaster Response." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, no. 4 (February 3, 2017): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.174.

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AbstractObjectiveTo identify key decisions along the continuum of care (conventional, contingency, and crisis) and the critical triggers and data elements used to inform those decisions concerning public health and health care response during an emergency.MethodsA classic Delphi method, a consensus-building survey technique, was used with clinicians around Washington State to identify regional triggers and indicators. Additionally, using a modified Delphi method, we combined a workshop and single-round survey with panelists from public health (state and local) and health care coalitions to identify consensus state-level triggers and indicators.ResultsIn the clinical survey, 122 of 223 proposed triggers or indicators (43.7%) reached consensus and were deemed important in regional decision-making during a disaster. In the state-level survey, 110 of 140 proposed triggers or indicators (78.6%) reached consensus and were deemed important in state-level decision-making during a disaster.ConclusionsThe identification of consensus triggers and indicators for health care emergency response is crucial in supporting a comprehensive health care situational awareness process. This can inform the creation of standardized questions to ask health care, public health, and other partners to support decision-making during a response. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:467–472)
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Nie, Martin A., and Courtney A. Schultz. "Decision-Making Triggers in Adaptive Management." Conservation Biology 26, no. 6 (August 14, 2012): 1137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2012.01915.x.

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Stultz, Jeremy S., Perry Taylor, and Sean McKenna. "Assessment of Different Methods for Pediatric Meningitis Dosing Clinical Decision Support." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 53, no. 1 (July 17, 2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028018788688.

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Background: Indication-specific medication dosing support is needed to improve pediatric dosing support. Objective: To compare the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of different meningitis dosing alert triggers and dosing error rates between antimicrobials with and without meningitis order sentences. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 4-months of pediatric orders for antimicrobials with meningitis-specific dosing. At the time of the order, it was determined if the antimicrobial was for meningitis management, if a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was ordered, and if a natural language processing (NLP) system could detect “meningitis” in clinical notes. Results: Of 1383 orders, 243 were for the management of meningitis. A CSF culture or NLP combination trigger searching the electronic health record since admission yielded the greatest sensitivity for detecting meningitis management (67.5%, P < 0.01 vs others), but dosing error detection was similar if the trigger only searched 48 hours preceding the order (68.8% vs 62.5%, P = 0.125). Using a CSF culture alone and a 48-hour time frame had a higher PPV versus a combination with a 48-hour time frame (97.1% vs 80.9%, P < 0.001), and both triggers had a higher PPV than others ( P < 0.001). Antimicrobials with meningitis order sentences had fewer dosing errors (19.8% vs 43.2%, P < 0.01). Conclusion and Relevance: A meningitis dosing alert triggered by a combination of a CSF culture or NLP system and a 48-hour triggering time frame could provide reasonable sensitivity and PPV for meningitis dosing errors. Order sentences with indication-specific recommendations may provide additional dosing support, but additional studies are needed.
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Nicholls, M. D., and G. Whyte. "Red Cell, Plasma and Albumin Transfusion Decision Triggers." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 21, no. 2 (April 1993): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9302100204.

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Hypothetical clinical cases were used to investigate transfusion-related decision-making. Three red cell, three fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and three albumin transfusion decision cases were administered by questionnaire to 228 medical staff. The transfusion decision triggers were identified and comparisons made between resident and specialist groups and between Melbourne and Sydney participants. Factors important in red cell transfusion decisions included haemoglobin, symptoms of anaemia, presence of co-morbidities or surgery, gender, period of hospitalisation and the degree of documented blood loss. FFP administration was influenced by an abnormal coagulation test, the presence of co-morbidities and by the number of red cell units transfused. The administration of albumin, concentrated or 5% SPPS, was influenced by the period of hospitalisation and clinical circumstances such as a falling urine output postoperatively, and by the presence of hypotensive complications. Different transfusion responses were noted: resident staff transfused red cells and FFP earlier than specialists; Sydney specialists were more conservative of red cell transfusion; Melbourne specialists more conservative of FFP administration and surgeons were four times more likely to transfuse patients than physicians or anesthetists at certain haemoglobin values.
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Fryer, Gregory K., Philip E. Dennison, and Thomas J. Cova. "Wildland firefighter entrapment avoidance: modelling evacuation triggers." International Journal of Wildland Fire 22, no. 7 (2013): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12160.

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Wildland firefighters are often called on to make tactical decisions under stressful conditions in order to suppress a fire. These decisions can be hindered by human factors such as insufficient knowledge of surroundings and conditions, lack of experience, overextension of resources or loss of situational awareness. One potential tool for assisting fire managers in situations where human factors can hinder decision-making is the Wildland–Urban Interface Evacuation (WUIVAC) model, which models fire minimum travel times to create geographic trigger buffers for evacuation recommendations. Utilising multiple combinations of escape routes and fire environment inputs based on the 2007 Zaca fire in California, USA, we created trigger buffers for firefighter evacuations on foot, by engine and by heavy mechanised equipment (i.e. bulldozer). Our primary objective was to examine trigger buffer sensitivity to evacuation mode and expected weather and fuel conditions. Evacuation travel time was the most important factor for determining the size and extent of modelled trigger buffers. For the examined scenarios, we show that WUIVAC can provide analytically driven, physically based triggers that can assist in entrapment avoidance and ultimately contribute to firefighter safety.
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de Bie, Kelly, Prue F. E. Addison, and Carly N. Cook. "Integrating decision triggers into conservation management practice." Journal of Applied Ecology 55, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13042.

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8

Straus, Scott. "Triggers of Mass Atrocities." Politics and Governance 3, no. 3 (October 27, 2015): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v3i3.375.

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The concept of “triggers” enjoys wide usage in the atrocity prevention policymaking community. However, the concept has received limited academic analysis. This paper reviews the concept critically, develops a definition, and subjects the concept to empirical analysis. The paper offers a mild endorsement of the concept of triggers of atrocity. The paper identifies four main categories of triggering event but cautions that triggers cannot be separated from context or decision-makers.
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IRWIN, BRIAN J., and MICHAEL J. CONROY. "Consideration of reference points for the management of renewable resources under an adaptive management paradigm." Environmental Conservation 40, no. 4 (June 18, 2013): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892913000222.

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SUMMARYThe success of natural resource management depends on monitoring, assessment and enforcement. In support of these efforts, reference points (RPs) are often viewed as critical values of management-relevant indicators. This paper considers RPs from the standpoint of objective-driven decision making in dynamic resource systems, guided by principles of structured decision making (SDM) and adaptive resource management (AM). During the development of natural resource policy, RPs have been variously treated as either ‘targets’ or ‘triggers’. Under a SDM/AM paradigm, target RPs correspond approximately to value-based objectives, which may in turn be either of fundamental interest to stakeholders or intermediaries to other central objectives. By contrast, trigger RPs correspond to decision rules that are presumed to lead to desirable outcomes (such as the programme targets). Casting RPs as triggers or targets within a SDM framework is helpful towards clarifying why (or whether) a particular metric is appropriate. Further, the benefits of a SDM/AM process include elucidation of underlying untested assumptions that may reveal alternative metrics for use as RPs. Likewise, a structured decision-analytic framework may also reveal that failure to achieve management goals is not because the metrics are wrong, but because the decision-making process in which they are embedded is insufficiently robust to uncertainty, is not efficiently directed at producing a resource objective, or is incapable of adaptation to new knowledge.
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Kim, Jin Baek. "A Fixed Pricing Group Buying Decision Model." International Journal of E-Business Research 11, no. 2 (April 2015): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijebr.2015040103.

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In order to explain the consumer decision process in the fixed pricing group buying (FPGB) context, this study proposed an FPGB decision model from the social perspective. To reflect the social perspective, the proposed FPGB decision model included social factors such as network externalities and subjective norm as triggers for shopping motivations. According to the analysis results, all social factors directly or indirectly affected consumers' buying intention at FPGB websites. To be more specific, of the social factors, perceived complementarity was the most significant determinant of FPGB buying intention not just in the direct influential paths but in the indirect influential paths. Subjective norm did not directly affect FPGB buying intention, but it did indirectly. These results imply that the managers of FPGB websites should carefully consider social factors as triggers for shopping motivations when designing and operating FPGB websites.
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Morkun, Vladimir S., Ihor A. Kotov, Oleksandra Y. Serdiuk, and Iryna A. Haponenko. "PRODUCTION RULE ONTOLOGY OF AUTOMATIZED SMART EMERGENCY DISPATCHING SUPPORT OF THE POWER SYSTEM." Herald of Advanced Information Technology 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/hait.02.2021.6.

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The research deals with improving methods and systems of control over power systems based on intellectualization of dispatch decision support. There are results of developing a principal trigger scheme of the decision support system algorithm. The proposed model of algorithm visualization in the form of a trigger state network of the computer system provides interaction with power objects of mining and metallurgical complexes and regions. A new interpretation of components of the network trigger model is introduced. The model is interactively related to both user-operator actions and states of power system components. With that, the state of the automata model is associated with fulfillment a set of metarules to control the logical inference. There are new forms of presenting algorithms controlling knowledgebases that interact with the external environment and aggregate primitives of states, triggers and transactions of operations and generalize standard visualization languages of algorithms are proposed. This allows unification of smart systems interacting with the external environment. The authors develop models for representing knowledgebase processing algorithms interacting with power objects that combine states, triggers and transaction operations and generalize standard visualization languages of algorithms. This enables description of functioning database algorithms and their event model, which provides a reliable unification of smart systems interacting with control objects of mining and metallurgical power systems. The research solves the problem of building a knowledgebase and a software complex of the dispatch decision support system based on the data of computational experiments on the power system scheme. The research results indicate practical effectiveness of the proposed approaches and designed models
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Lindblad, Marléne, Kristina Schildmeijer, Lena Nilsson, Mirjam Ekstedt, and Maria Unbeck. "Development of a trigger tool to identify adverse events and no-harm incidents that affect patients admitted to home healthcare." BMJ Quality & Safety 27, no. 7 (September 29, 2017): 502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2017-006755.

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BackgroundAdverse events (AEs) and no-harm incidents are common and of great concern in healthcare. A common method for identification of AEs is retrospective record review (RRR) using predefined triggers. This method has been used frequently in inpatient care, but AEs in home healthcare have not been explored to the same extent. The aim of this study was to develop a trigger tool (TT) for the identification of both AEs and no-harm incidents affecting adult patients admitted to home healthcare in Sweden, and to describe the methodology used for this development.MethodsThe TT was developed and validated in a stepwise manner, in collaboration with experts with different skills, using (1) literature review and interviews, (2) a five-round modified Delphi process, and (3) two-stage RRRs. Ten trained teams from different sites in Sweden reviewed 600 randomly selected records.ResultsIn all, triggers were found 4031 times in 518 (86.3%) records, with a mean of 6.7 (median 4, range 1–54) triggers per record with triggers. The positive predictive values (PPVs) for AEs and no-harm incidents were 25.4% and 16.3%, respectively, resulting in a PPV of 41.7% (range 0.0%–96.1% per trigger) for the total TT when using 38 triggers. The most common triggers were unplanned contact with physician and/or registered nurse, moderate/severe pain, moderate/severe worry, anxiety, suffering, existential pain and/or psychological pain. AEs were identified in 37.7% of the patients and no-harm incidents in 29.5%.ConclusionThis study shows that adapted triggers with definitions and decision support, developed to identify AEs and no-harm incidents that affect patients admitted to home healthcare, may be a valid method for safety and quality improvement work in home healthcare.
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Collura, Thomas F., Nancy L. Wigton, Carlos Zalaquett, SeriaShia Chatters-Smith, and Ronald J. Bonnstetter. "The Value of EEG-Based Electromagnetic Tomographic Analysis in Human Performance and Mental Health." Biofeedback 44, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5298/1081-5937-44.2.03.

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Most work done in areas such as counseling, therapy, leadership, and coaching involves some aspect of decision making. New electroencephalographic (EEG) electromagnetic tomographic analysis (ETA) imaging techniques provide a mechanism for exploring decisions, while the individual is directly engaged in everyday choice making, by exposing our precognitive emotional responses to identified thoughts, feelings, and actions. This article discusses gamma wave activity research, at the precognitive level, and its use for describing approach-avoidance decision making. Armed with these new insights, an individual can better understand the emotional triggers that affect our daily decisions.
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Cook, Carly N., Kelly de Bie, David A. Keith, and Prue F. E. Addison. "Decision triggers are a critical part of evidence-based conservation." Biological Conservation 195 (March 2016): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.12.024.

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Addison, Prue F. E., Carly N. Cook, and Kelly de Bie. "Conservation practitioners' perspectives on decision triggers for evidence-based management." Journal of Applied Ecology 53, no. 5 (July 27, 2016): 1351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12734.

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16

Dross, Claire, Sylvain Conchon, Johannes Kanig, and Andrei Paskevich. "Adding Decision Procedures to SMT Solvers Using Axioms with Triggers." Journal of Automated Reasoning 56, no. 4 (November 17, 2015): 387–457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10817-015-9352-2.

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VOLERY, THIERRY, NOELLE DOSS, TIM MAZZAROL, and VICKI THEIN. "TRIGGERS AND BARRIERS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONALITY: THE CASE OF WESTERN AUSTRALIAN NASCENTE ENTREPRENEURS." Journal of Enterprising Culture 05, no. 03 (September 1997): 273–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495897000168.

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This paper sheds light on the process leading to new enterprise formation while identifying the triggers and barriers to business start-ups. A new approach was used in this study to focus on the pre-decision stage, i.e. the intention and characteristics of nascent entrepreneurs. In addition to the "usual" triggers to start-up, this study has highlighted a more intriguing one: the will to invest savings in a business venture which will provide the investor with a job and the satisfaction of being rewarded on merits. The results suggest that this trigger matches the profile of mid-career professionals who want to become self-employed. Underlying barriers include the lack of resources, compliance costs, and the hard reality of "going into business".
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Vedadi, Ali, and Timothy H. Greer. "Revisiting How Perceived Uncertainty and Herd Behavior Influence Technology Choice." Journal of Organizational and End User Computing 33, no. 6 (November 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/joeuc.20211101.oa1.

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Understanding how herd behavior occurs in the information systems context is important because such behavior influences many choice decisions, is the reason for some decision anomalies, and explains the reasons behind the rise or collapse of technology trends. Perceived uncertainty is a critical factor that triggers herding, but despite its influential role, prior research has not adequately investigated this broad concept. This research contributes to the literature by decomposing perceived uncertainty to its dimensions and analyzing the influence of each one on triggering individuals’ herd behavior. Our findings show that unlike state uncertainty, only effect and response uncertainty are the triggers herd behavior.
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George, B. "Decision Making in Organizations: Intuition, Information, and Religiosity." Economics of Science 6, no. 3 (October 15, 2020): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2020-6-3-152-158.

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Previous research in experimental psychology suggests that religious belief is influenced by one’s general tendency to rely on intuition rather than information. A corollary emerging from this based on balance theory is that managers who are religious might make more intuition-based decisions than their counterparts who are not religious. The latter group might tend to make more information-based decisions. Recent research also indicates that the use of scientific method, a close cousin of information-based decision making, triggers moral behavior. Employing critical incident technique, the present researchers test this potential relationship among business executives at various ranks, various cultural contexts, and holding various religious beliefs. Our analysis indicates that theist managers, both gnostic and agnostic, preferred intuitive decision making. Likewise, both gnostic and agnostic atheist managers preferred information-based decision making. Also, atheist managers articulated better logical explanations as to why their decisions were morally correct.
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Knaus, M., L. McCullagh, A. Sofianou, L. Rosen, T. McGinn, J. Kannry, and D. Mann. "Measures of User experience in a Streptococcal pharyngitis and Pneumonia Clinical Decision Support Tools." Applied Clinical Informatics 05, no. 03 (2014): 824–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2014-04-ra-0043.

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SummaryObjective: To understand clinician adoption of CDS tools as this may provide important insights for the implementation and dissemination of future CDS tools.Materials and Methods: Clinicians (n=168) at a large academic center were randomized into intervention and control arms to assess the impact of strep and pneumonia CDS tools. Intervention arm data were analyzed to examine provider adoption and clinical workflow. Electronic health record data were collected on trigger location, the use of each component and whether an antibiotic, other medication or test was ordered. Frequencies were tabulated and regression analyses were used to determine the association of tool component use and physician orders.Results: The CDS tool was triggered 586 times over the study period. Diagnosis was the most frequent workflow trigger of the CDS tool (57%) as compared to chief complaint (30%) and diagnosis/antibiotic combinations (13%). Conversely, chief complaint was associated with the highest rate (83%) of triggers leading to an initiation of the CDS tool (opening the risk prediction calculator). Similar patterns were noted for initiation of the CDS bundled ordered set and completion of the entire CDS tool pathway. Completion of risk prediction and bundled order set components were associated with lower rates of antibiotic prescribing (OR 0.5; CI 0.2-1.2 and OR 0.5; CI 0.3-0.9, respectively).Discussion: Different CDS trigger points in the clinician user workflow lead to substantial variation in downstream use of the CDS tool components. These variations were important as they were associated with significant differences in antibiotic ordering.Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of workflow integration and flexibility for CDS success.Citation: Mann D, Knaus M, McCullagh L, Sofianou A, Rosen L, McGinn T, Kannry J. Measures of user experience in a streptococcal pharyngitis and pneumonia clinical decision support tools. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 824–835http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-04-RA-0043
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Foster, Claire N., Luke S. O'Loughlin, Chloe F. Sato, Martin J. Westgate, Philip S. Barton, Jennifer C. Pierson, Jayne M. Balmer, et al. "How practitioners integrate decision triggers with existing metrics in conservation monitoring." Journal of Environmental Management 230 (January 2019): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.067.

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Zuo, Yanfang, and Mathew E. Diamond. "Rats Generate Vibrissal Sensory Evidence until Boundary Crossing Triggers a Decision." Current Biology 29, no. 9 (May 2019): 1415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.016.

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Raso, Luciano, Jan Kwakkel, and Jos Timmermans. "Assessing the Capacity of Adaptive Policy Pathways to Adapt on Time by Mapping Trigger Values to Their Outcomes." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061716.

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Climate change raises serious concerns for policymakers that want to ensure the success of long-term policies. To guarantee satisfactory decisions in the face of deep uncertainties, adaptive policy pathways might be used. Adaptive policy pathways are designed to take actions according to how the future will actually unfold. In adaptive pathways, a monitoring system collects the evidence required for activating the next adaptive action. This monitoring system is made of signposts and triggers. Signposts are indicators that track the performance of the pathway. When signposts reach pre-specified trigger values, the next action on the pathway is implemented. The effectiveness of the monitoring system is pivotal to the success of adaptive policy pathways, therefore the decision-makers would like to have sufficient confidence about the future capacity to adapt on time. “On time” means activating the next action on a pathway neither so early that it incurs unnecessary costs, nor so late that it incurs avoidable damages. In this paper, we show how mapping the relations between triggers and the probability of misclassification errors inform the level of confidence that a monitoring system for adaptive policy pathways can provide. Specifically, we present the “trigger-probability” mapping and the “trigger-consequences” mappings. The former mapping displays the interplay between trigger values for a given signpost and the level of confidence regarding whether change occurs and adaptation is needed. The latter mapping displays the interplay between trigger values for a given signpost and the consequences of misclassification errors for both adapting the policy or not. In a case study, we illustrate how these mappings can be used to test the effectiveness of a monitoring system, and how they can be integrated into the process of designing an adaptive policy.
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Ostillio, Tommaso, and Michal Bukat. "The Knobe Effect with Probable Outcomes and Availability Heuristic Triggers." Logos & Episteme 10, no. 4 (2019): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/logos-episteme201910434.

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This paper contributes to the existing philosophical literature on the Knobe Effect (KE) in two main ways: first, this paper disconfirms the KE by showing that the latter does not hold in contexts with probable outcomes; second, this paper shows that KE is strongly sensitive to the availability heuristic bias. In particular, this paper presents two main findings from three empirical tests carried out between 2016 and 2018: the first finding concerns the fact that if the issuer of a decision with consequences on third parties is unlikely to be perceived as unfriendly, then KE is reduced or absent; the second finding regards instead the fact that if an action has two possible outcomes (one likely to obtain with strong intensity and one likely to obtain with less intensity), then KE does not obtain for decisions whose side-effects have limited consequences on third parties.
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Morkun, Vladimir, and Igor Kotov. "Development of software control tools for power systems of mining and metallurgical regions." E3S Web of Conferences 280 (2021): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128005002.

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There are presented results of developing a conceptual trigger chart of the functioning mechanism of the decision support system. The suggested model of visualizing algorithms as a trigger net of states of the computer decision support system provides for interaction of power objects of mining and metallurgical complexes and regions. The authors introduce new interpretation of components of the network trigger model. The model is interactively connected with both the user-operator’s actions and states of power system components. With that, the state of the automatic model is associated with realizing a set of metarules to control the logic output. The authors elaborate a new formalism of representing algorithms of controlling knowledgebases interacting with the outer environment which aggregates primitives of conditions, triggers and transactions of operations and greatly generalizes standard languages of algorithm visualization. It enhances elaboration of standardized smart systems interacting with the external environment. This allows description of functioning algorithms of knowledgebases and the event-driven output to ensure development of reliable standardized smart systems interacting with control objects of power systems in mining and metallurgical regions.
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Enayati, Moein, Mustafa Sir, Xingyu Zhang, Sarah J. Parker, Elizabeth Duffy, Hardeep Singh, Prashant Mahajan, and Kalyan S. Pasupathy. "Monitoring Diagnostic Safety Risks in Emergency Departments: Protocol for a Machine Learning Study." JMIR Research Protocols 10, no. 6 (June 14, 2021): e24642. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24642.

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Background Diagnostic decision making, especially in emergency departments, is a highly complex cognitive process that involves uncertainty and susceptibility to errors. A combination of factors, including patient factors (eg, history, behaviors, complexity, and comorbidity), provider-care team factors (eg, cognitive load and information gathering and synthesis), and system factors (eg, health information technology, crowding, shift-based work, and interruptions) may contribute to diagnostic errors. Using electronic triggers to identify records of patients with certain patterns of care, such as escalation of care, has been useful to screen for diagnostic errors. Once errors are identified, sophisticated data analytics and machine learning techniques can be applied to existing electronic health record (EHR) data sets to shed light on potential risk factors influencing diagnostic decision making. Objective This study aims to identify variables associated with diagnostic errors in emergency departments using large-scale EHR data and machine learning techniques. Methods This study plans to use trigger algorithms within EHR data repositories to generate a large data set of records that are labeled trigger-positive or trigger-negative, depending on whether they meet certain criteria. Samples from both data sets will be validated using medical record reviews, upon which we expect to find a higher number of diagnostic safety events in the trigger-positive subset. Machine learning will be used to evaluate relationships between certain patient factors, provider-care team factors, and system-level risk factors and diagnostic safety signals in the statistically matched groups of trigger-positive and trigger-negative charts. Results This federally funded study was approved by the institutional review board of 2 academic medical centers with affiliated community hospitals. Trigger queries are being developed at both organizations, and sample cohorts will be labeled using the triggers. Machine learning techniques such as association rule mining, chi-square automated interaction detection, and classification and regression trees will be used to discover important variables that could be incorporated within future clinical decision support systems to help identify and reduce risks that contribute to diagnostic errors. Conclusions The use of large EHR data sets and machine learning to investigate risk factors (related to the patient, provider-care team, and system-level) in the diagnostic process may help create future mechanisms for monitoring diagnostic safety. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/24642
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Melnichuk, Marina V., Marina A. Belogash, and Maria Pisonova. "Linguistic triggers as tools of managing consumer behavior." XLinguae 13, no. 4 (October 2020): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2020.13.04.17.

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The paper deals with the issue of manipulative effects of texts advertising financial products. From the interdisciplinary perspective, the authors take a system and complex approach to the phenomenon of manipulative communicative influence on consumers’ behavior. The paper studies the language means of all levels able to qualify for manipulative capacity in complex with linguapragmatic strategies and affect neurophysiological and neuropsychological processes. The authors’ findings provide evidence of the fact that language is a driving force and an instrument of modeling consumers’ decision-making.
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Edelstein, Arnon. "Intimate Partner Jealousy and Femicide Among Former Ethiopians in Israel." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 2 (June 20, 2016): 383–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16652453.

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Ethiopian immigrant women in Israel are overrepresented as victims of femicide; they are killed at more than 16 times the rate of the general population. This article suggests integrating current theoretical and empirical models to explain Ethiopian femicide, and stresses that considering psychological or sociocultural explanations as risk factors alone is not enough to understand this phenomenon. We distinguish between risk factors and triggers for femicide against Ethiopian women. While sociocultural and even psychological changes are risk factors for femicide, one, two, or three main triggers may activate such potential risk factors, such as the woman’s willingness (WW) to leave the intimate relationship, sexual jealousy (SJ), and formal complaints against the abusive partner. The first two triggers are jealousy oriented. To analyze this phenomenon in Israel, we examined all court decisions on intimate partner homicide (IPH) from 1990 to 2010. After reading former studies on IPH and identifying important variables that could explain the phenomenon, we first catalogued the data in every decision and verdict according to main independent variables mentioned in the literature. The study population consists of first-generation immigrants, N = 194: native Israelis (47%), new immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU; 31%), and Ethiopians (16%). Our analysis of court decisions reveals that triggers containing jealousy components are responsible for 83% of femicide cases committed by Ethiopian men, in comparison with native Israelis (77%) and immigrant Russian men (66%) who murdered their intimate partners. In addition, there is a significant correlation among motive (jealousy), method of killing (stabbing), and “overkilling” (excessive force).
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McClymont, Hoda, Jeff Gow, Margee Hume, and Chad Perry. "Factors influencing back pain treatment behaviour change." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 25, no. 5 (September 14, 2015): 592–620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-04-2014-0065.

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Purpose – The authors seek to better understand the critical incidents and factors that influence the switching behaviours of back pain sufferers who use mainstream and/or complementary and alternative medicine (Edvardsson, 1998). That is, the purpose of this paper is to uncover how they switch between treatments and treatment providers; in particular, this research investigates two issues: the triggers of their switching and their switching paths, and how their emotions are involved in that switching. The contribution is the first empirical foundation for an understanding of these two issues in the context of back pain. Design/methodology/approach – The qualitative technique of convergent interviewing was used. It involved conducting a series of long, initially rather unstructured interviews to converge on the important topic areas to the back pain sufferers and why they engage in their treatment behaviour. Findings – This study investigated the triggers and categories of triggers that impact upon switching behaviours between bio-medical and CAT healthcare. Four main areas of findings were identified. First, although the literature identified four categories of triggers for switching, namely, situational, reactional, influential and personal characteristics, the findings of this research confirmed only two of these: reactional and situational triggers. The influential category of triggers was found to be more of a moderating factor between switching triggers and switching behaviours rather than a trigger factor on its own. Further, no evidence came to light that could confirm or disconfirm the roles of personal characteristics on switching behaviour and so this issue remains unresolved. Research limitations/implications – The methodology used in this research was an exploratory one and so the findings must be used with caution. Further research, using a more quantitative methodology, is warranted to confirm the findings of this research. Also, this research focused on a subset of switching issues and so might not provide a holistic framework. Future investigations should therefore consider and clarify the role of emotion, time and voice in the switching model devised from this study. Originality/value – This paper provides new evidence on the reasons for back pain sufferers consuming different treatment modes and the reasons for their switching and includes an exploratory investigation of the role of emotions in this decision making.
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Sveshnikova, Anastasia N., Fazoil I. Ataullakhanov, and Mikhail A. Panteleev. "Compartmentalized calcium signaling triggers subpopulation formation upon platelet activation through PAR1." Molecular BioSystems 11, no. 4 (2015): 1052–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4mb00667d.

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A computational model of PAR1-stimulated platelet calcium signaling is developed to analyze the formation of platelet subpopulations. This occurs via a mitochondria-dependent decision-making mechanism. This is a stochastic phenomenon caused by a small number of PARs.
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Chalkidou, Kalipso. "Evidence and values: paying for end-of-life drugs in the British NHS." Health Economics, Policy and Law 7, no. 4 (October 2012): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133112000205.

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AbstractIn January 2009, Britain's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), following a very public debate triggered by its decision, six months earlier, provisionally to rule against the adoption by the National Health Service (NHS) of an expensive drug for advanced renal cancer, introduced a new policy for evaluating pharmaceuticals for patients nearing the end of their lives. NICE's so-called end-of-life (EOL) guidance for its Committees effectively advises them to deviate from the Institute's threshold range and to value the lives of (mostly) dying cancer patients more than the lives of those suffering from other, potentially curable, chronic or acute conditions. This article tells the story of the EOL guidance. Through looking at specific EOL decisions between 2009 and 2011 and the reactions by stakeholders to these decisions and the policy itself, it discusses the triggers for NICE's EOL guidance, the challenges NICE faces in implementing it and the policy's putative implications for the future role of NICE in the NHS, especially in the context of value-based reforms in the pricing and evaluation of pharmaceuticals, currently under consideration.
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Bogdan, Victoria, Ioana Teodora Meșter, and Diana Matica. "Insights into some psychological triggers that affect judgements, decision-making and accounting choices." Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 31, no. 1 (January 2018): 1289–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2018.1476169.

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Wolf, Sebastian, Barbara E. Weißenberger, Marius Claus Wehner, and Rüdiger Kabst. "Controllers as business partners in managerial decision-making." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 11, no. 1 (March 2, 2015): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-10-2012-0100.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine whether controllers are willing to and/or general managers are expecting them to act as business partners and, hence, to analyze the related consequences from a manager’s point of view. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on a dyadic data set gathered from 112 German head controllers and corresponding general managers in the period of March to May 2009. Drawing on the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975), the authors examine controllers’ attitude, subjective norm and behavior regarding their participation in managerial decision-making. Further, the authors analyze general managers’ assessment of related outcomes, such as internal efficiency and process improvements and use covariance-based structural equation modeling to test for the theoretical relationships. Findings Results show that controllers’ behavior is strongly influenced by management’s expectations. Moreover, the results support the notion that business partnering is associated with organizational improvements regarding internal processes, decisions and efficiency, thereby increasing the contribution of the controllers’ department to the competiveness of an organization. Research limitations/implications Our study focuses on a limited set of variables and does not incorporate different hierarchy levels, which could be avenues for further research. Still, our findings highlight the importance of management’s expectations as triggers for business-oriented behavior of controllers. Originality/value Theory and empirical evidence in the research area of controllers’ business orientation are still underdeveloped and, therefore, knowledge about the micro-processes and determinants on an individual level for becoming a business partner, as well as on the related outcomes of such a behavior is still limited. The results contribute to literature by highlighting the importance of general managers’ expectations as triggers for business orientation of controllers and its related benefits for the organization.
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McNally, Scarlett A., Kariem El-Boghdadly, Justin Kua, and S. Ramani Moonesinghe. "Preoperative assessment and optimisation: the key to good outcomes after the pandemic." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 82, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2021.0318.

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Complications following surgery are common, predictable and often preventable. New preoperative assessment and optimisation guidance recommends clear pathways with triggers for interventions, patient involvement, shared decision making and team education, to help both patients and service efficiency.
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Kwak, Jung, and Lisa Geshell. "END-OF-LIFE DECISION SUPPORT NEEDS OF DEMENTIA FAMILY CAREGIVERS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2203.

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Abstract One third of older adults die with dementia. At the end of life (EOL), persons with dementia require surrogate decision-makers, often their family caregivers, to make important EOL decisions. However, only a handful of evidence-based interventions exist to guide dementia caregivers in surrogate-decision making. In order to examine the acceptability and appropriateness of a decision coaching intervention developed for dementia caregivers, we conducted cognitive interviews (n=4), and one focus group (n=9) with dementia caregivers, and two focus groups with healthcare professionals (n=14) from a large healthcare system and a managed long-term care organization. Guiding questions for interviews and focus groups included: (1) types of decisions (what), and circumstances or triggers (when and how) that call for decision-making support by healthcare professionals, (2) barriers to families receiving decision-making support, and (3) decision support needs of family caregivers. All face-to-face interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and verified for accuracy. Content analysis was conducted to identify and organize themes and patterns emerging from the interview transcripts. Two main themes and subthemes emerged: (1) decision-making challenges and barriers: lack of advance care planning, caregivers’ acquiescence with dementia progression and caregiving role, discontinuing life sustaining therapies, and lack of communication between providers; and (2) decision support for families: advance care planning at different stages of dementia, preparing caregivers for life after the patient’s death, and providing adequate information about benefits and harms of treatment options specific to the practical concerns of patient and family caregivers. These findings provide implications for practice and future research.
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Orlov, Yu P., O. V. Korpacheva, N. V. Govorova, V. N. Lukach, E. N. Kakulya, G. A. Bajtugaeva, P. A. Arlou, and O. V. Volchenko. "EVOLUTION OF POINTS OF VIEW ON HEMOTRANSFUSION FROM THE POSITION OF A PATHOPHYSIOLOGIST." Novosti Khirurgii 29, no. 1 (February 23, 2021): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18484/2305-0047.2021.1.90.

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A careful assessment of the risks and benefits should precede each decision to transfusion allogeneic erythrocytes. Currently, a number of important problem in transfusion medicine is very controversial, most importantly the influence of different transfusion thresholds on clinical outcome. The purpose of this article is to highlight some features regarding to effectiveness, outcomes and risks, as well as to present a new trend in the recommendations for blood transfusion. In our days there is a general consensus about the decision to transfuse blood to a specific patient should be based primarily on his/her need for global and regional oxygen delivery and consumption, i.e. on clinical assessment of signs of insufficient global and regional tissue oxygenation, which can vary significantly depending on the individual characteristics of the patient (reactivity features). Evaluation of these signs - physiological triggers of transfusion - requires a deep knowledge of the physiology and pathophysiology of blood transfusions and clinical experience. Actualization of theoretical knowledge and the formation of clinical experience on this problem will permit a physician to make decisions about blood transfusion with the lowest risk for the patient. However, quantitative criteria for individual blood indicators - numerical triggers of transfusion - can be useful in some situations, for example, when monitoring is insufficient or due to the lack of adequate sufficient experience of medical personnel.
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Beritelli, Pietro, Stephan Reinhold, and Jieqing Luo. "“How Come You Are Here?” Considering the Context in Research on Travel Decisions." Journal of Travel Research 58, no. 2 (December 27, 2017): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287517746017.

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Travel decision research still struggles to explain a large portion of the variance in travel choices. We argue that advances in this domain must originate from a shift in the kinds of questions we ask travelers to understand what triggers their decisions. The proposed shift from “Why did you . . . ?” to “How come . . . ?” changes the emphasis from retrospective sense giving to a contextual understanding of travel choice, focusing in particular on the constellations that produce actual travel behavior. This shift opens research avenues of a new theoretical and methodological nature and has fundamental implications for consumer research as well as destination marketing practices.
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Garnier, Simon, Jacques Gautrais, Masoud Asadpour, Christian Jost, and Guy Theraulaz. "Self-Organized Aggregation Triggers Collective Decision Making in a Group of Cockroach-Like Robots." Adaptive Behavior 17, no. 2 (March 17, 2009): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059712309103430.

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Kouchaki, Maryam, Kristin Smith-Crowe, Arthur P. Brief, and Carlos Sousa. "Seeing green: Mere exposure to money triggers a business decision frame and unethical outcomes." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 121, no. 1 (May 2013): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.12.002.

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Zini, Roberta, Ruggiero Norfo, Francesco Ferrari, Elisa Bianchi, Simona Salati, Valentina Pennucci, Giorgia Sacchi, et al. "Valproic acid triggers erythro/megakaryocyte lineage decision through induction of GFI1B and MLLT3 expression." Experimental Hematology 40, no. 12 (December 2012): 1043–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2012.08.003.

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Coremans, Evelyn. "Opening up by closing off: how increased transparency triggers informalisation in EU decision-making." Journal of European Public Policy 27, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 590–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1599043.

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Becker, Richard A., Laura M. Plunkett, Joseph F. Borzelleca, and A. Michael Kaplan. "Tiered toxicity testing: Evaluation of toxicity-based decision triggers for human health hazard characterization." Food and Chemical Toxicology 45, no. 12 (December 2007): 2454–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.030.

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Kádár, Dániel Z., and Sen Zhang. "Alignment, ‘politeness’ and implicitness in Chinese political discourse." Journal of Language and Politics 18, no. 5 (June 12, 2019): 698–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.18053.kad.

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Abstract This paper aims to examine the ways in which official Chinese written monologues implicitly trigger alignment with the public in the wake of national social crises. Our understanding of alignment encompasses the attitude of creating an authoritative line of discourse, which in turn triggers the responsive alignment of the receivers with the decision makers. We believe that alignment is a fundamental concept to understand how linguistic politeness operates in political monologues such as gong’gao. Such texts are rich in forms of deference such as honorifics and other ritual phrases used towards Chinese politicians. The reason why such forms of politeness deserve special attention in language and politics is that they are not interpersonal, and their use correlates with implicit communication.
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Kox, Thomas, and Catharina Lüder. "Impacts as Triggers for Weather-Related Decision Making: Observations at the Berlin Fire Brigade Control and Dispatch Center." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 12, no. 4 (May 26, 2021): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00356-4.

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AbstractThis article presents the results of a series of ethnographic observations at the Berlin fire brigade control and dispatch center during routine and severe weather situations. The weather-related challenges of a fire brigade lie between the anticipation of events and their potential consequences, and the ad hoc reactions to actual impacts of weather. The results show that decisions and actions related to high impact weather are not necessarily motivated by weather warnings alone. Instead, they are reactions to the experience of impacts, for example, an increased number of missions or emergency calls. Impacts are the main trigger for the decision making. Weather is one additional external factor that influences the operational capability of a fire brigade. While commanding officers in a fire brigade control and dispatch center experience weather primarily through technical equipment, verified by ground truth, observations showed that direct personal contact with the regional weather service and colleagues on the ground takes on a greater role in actual severe weather situations. The observations point to the need for increased interagency communication between the emergency services, the weather service, and other organizations to integrate weather information, impacts, and non-weather-related tasks into coherent weather-related decision making.
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de Brouwer, Sophie, Demet Yuksel, Gunnar Blohm, Marcus Missal, and Philippe Lefèvre. "What Triggers Catch-Up Saccades During Visual Tracking?" Journal of Neurophysiology 87, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 1646–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00432.2001.

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When tracking moving visual stimuli, primates orient their visual axis by combining two kinds of eye movements, smooth pursuit and saccades, that have very different dynamics. Yet, the mechanisms that govern the decision to switch from one type of eye movement to the other are still poorly understood, even though they could bring a significant contribution to the understanding of how the CNS combines different kinds of control strategies to achieve a common motor and sensory goal. In this study, we investigated the oculomotor responses to a large range of different combinations of position error and velocity error during visual tracking of moving stimuli in humans. We found that the oculomotor system uses a prediction of the time at which the eye trajectory will cross the target, defined as the “eye crossing time” ( T XE). The eye crossing time, which depends on both position error and velocity error, is the criterion used to switch between smooth and saccadic pursuit, i.e., to trigger catch-up saccades. On average, for T XEbetween 40 and 180 ms, no saccade is triggered and target tracking remains purely smooth. Conversely, when T XEbecomes smaller than 40 ms or larger than 180 ms, a saccade is triggered after a short latency (around 125 ms).
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Isbell, Linda M., Edwin D. Boudreaux, Hannah Chimowitz, Guanyu Liu, Emma Cyr, and Ezekiel Kimball. "What do emergency department physicians and nurses feel? A qualitative study of emotions, triggers, regulation strategies, and effects on patient care." BMJ Quality & Safety 29, no. 10 (January 15, 2020): 1.5–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2019-010179.

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BackgroundDespite calls to study how healthcare providers’ emotions may impact patient safety, little research has addressed this topic. The current study aimed to develop a comprehensive understanding of emergency department (ED) providers’ emotional experiences, including what triggers their emotions, the perceived effects of emotions on clinical decision making and patient care, and strategies providers use to manage their emotions to reduce patient safety risks.MethodsEmploying grounded theory, we conducted 86 semi-structured qualitative interviews with experienced ED providers (45 physicians and 41 nurses) from four academic medical centres and four community hospitals in the Northeastern USA. Constant comparative analysis was used to develop a grounded model of provider emotions and patient safety in the ED.ResultsED providers reported experiencing a wide range of emotions in response to patient, hospital, and system-level factors. Patients triggered both positive and negative emotions; hospital and system-level factors largely triggered negative emotions. Providers expressed awareness of possible adverse effects of negative emotions on clinical decision making, highlighting concerns about patient safety. Providers described strategies they employ to regulate their emotions, including emotional suppression, distraction, and cognitive reappraisal. Many providers believed that these strategies effectively guarded against the risk of emotions negatively influencing their clinical decision making.ConclusionThe role of emotions in patient safety is in its early stages and many opportunities exist for researchers, educators, and clinicians to further address this important issue. Our findings highlight the need for future work to (1) determine whether providers’ emotion regulation strategies are effective at mitigating patient safety risk, (2) incorporate emotional intelligence training into healthcare education, and (3) shift the cultural norms in medicine to support meaningful discourse around emotions.
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Adeyiola, A. O., S. I. Rabia, A. Elsaid, S. Fadel, and A. Zakaria. "A Markov Decision Process Framework for Optimal Cancer Chemotherapy Dose Selection." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2287, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2287/1/012002.

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Abstract Chemotherapy is arguably the most effective treatment for treating cancer. However, it triggers toxic effects on patients due to its interaction with normal cells. In this paper, we propose a finite-horizon Markov decision process framework for optimal chemotherapy dose selection during cancer treatment. In contrast to many other research works, our model accommodates all possible patient’s clinical health states that could be considered during treatment. We study the use of our model by applying it on Wilms tumor. We explore three different cases of varying transition probabilities and rewards. Our numerical results agree with clinical intuition and demonstrate the potential applicability of our model.
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Parlina, Iin, and Andi Priatno. "Decision Support System for Selecting Doorprize Receipt Customers By Applying Promethee I Algorithm." JOURNAL OF INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 4, no. 1 (July 20, 2020): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jite.v4i1.3963.

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Door prize is a prize given by Bank Mega Syariah for free through a lottery that has the category of a permanent customer. The permanent customer is a person who saves or saves his money in a mega Islamic bank and often deals regularly. This is what triggers Bank Mega Syariah to give awards to customers so that these customers will be more motivated to save at the Mega Syariah Bank. To determine the right decision in the selection of customers who deserve to get a door prize, then this research was conducted by applying the decision support system method with Promethee's Algorithm.Keywords: Decision Support System, Promethee I, and Doorprize.
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Stroeymeyt, N., C. Jordan, G. Mayer, S. Hovsepian, M. Giurfa, and N. R. Franks. "Seasonality in communication and collective decision-making in ants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, no. 1780 (April 7, 2014): 20133108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3108.

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The ability of animals to adjust their behaviour according to seasonal changes in their ecology is crucial for their fitness. Eusocial insects display strong collective behavioural seasonality, yet the mechanisms underlying such changes are poorly understood. We show that nest preference by emigrating Temnothorax albipennis ant colonies is influenced by a season-specific modulatory pheromone that may help tune decision-making according to seasonal constraints. The modulatory pheromone triggers aversion towards low-quality nests and enhances colony cohesion in summer and autumn, but not after overwintering—in agreement with reports that field colonies split in spring and reunite in summer. Interestingly, we show that the pheromone acts by downgrading the perceived value of marked nests by informed and naive individuals. This contrasts with theories of collective intelligence, stating that accurate collective decision-making requires independent evaluation of options by individuals. The violation of independence highlighted here was accordingly shown to increase error rate during emigrations. However, this is counterbalanced by enhanced cohesion and the transmission of valuable information through the colony. Our results support recent claims that optimal decisions are not necessarily those that maximize accuracy. Other criteria—such as cohesion or reward rate—may be more relevant in animal decision-making.
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Plana, Marc. "The deliberated decision in children’s mainstream cinema: On socialization in the discourse of freedom." Journal of Screenwriting 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 307–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/josc_00069_1.

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The purpose of this article is to highlight a trend in the narrative use of decisions that reinforces a widely accepted discourse of freedom. Through a discursive analysis focusing on contemporary mainstream screenwriting, it explores the relationship between the protagonist’s decision and the climax of the story. This relationship is shaped by the need for a change between the darkest moment and the climax, and causality between the events and the conflict that triggers them. The decision is a standardized possibility compatible with these principles, reproducing a discourse of freedom upheld by numerous social institutions despite the problems and dysfunctions pointed out by its critics. This freedom is underpinned by the notion of individual authenticity, which promises that anything can be achieved as long as nothing hinders the individual or his/her power to make decisions. Specifically, the article highlights a channel through which this discourse influences the sector of the public that is most sensitive to socialization processes: children and youth. With the normalized practice of screenwriting and without necessarily being aware of the fact, screenwriters can reproduce this discourse of freedom and thereby take part in reinforcing its social legitimacy.
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