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Journal articles on the topic 'Decision making theories'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Chambers, Christopher P., Federico Echenique, and Kota Saito. "Testing theories of financial decision making." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 15 (March 28, 2016): 4003–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1517760113.

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We describe the observable content of some of the most widely used models of decision under uncertainty: models of translation invariant preferences. In particular, we characterize the models of variational, maxmin, constant absolute risk aversion, and constant relative risk aversion utilities. In each case we present a revealed preference axiom that is satisfied by a dataset if and only if the dataset is consistent with the corresponding utility representation. We test our axioms using data from an experiment on financial decisions.

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2

Rivera, Lauren A. "Employer Decision Making." Annual Review of Sociology 46, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054633.

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The decisions employers make are of critical importance to sociological understandings of labor market stratification. While contemporary research documents employment outcomes with ever-growing precision, far less work examines how employers actually make decisions. In this article, I review research on the process of employer decision making, focusing on how employers evaluate, compare, and select workers in personnel decisions. I begin by summarizing the most prevalent theories of employer decision making in sociology, grouping them into competency-based, status-based, and social closure–based approaches. A common thread underlying much of this work is the assumption that employers are utility maximizers who base decisions on systematic, even if flawed, cognitive calculations of worker skill and workforce productivity. I then turn to recent research from sociology and beyond that challenges this notion and highlights the importance of understanding how employers themselves—their emotions, identities, and environments—affect decisions. I conclude by suggesting directions for future research.

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Ahmed, Anwar Hood, Henry Bwisa, Romanus Otieno, and Kabare Karanja. "Strategic Decision Making: Process, Models, and Theories." Business Management and Strategy 5, no. 1 (June 5, 2014): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v5i1.5267.

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4

Bhatia, Sudeep, and Lisheng He. "Machine-generated theories of human decision-making." Science 372, no. 6547 (June 10, 2021): 1150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abi7668.

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Inamete, Ufot B. "Nigeria's IMF Loan Arrangement Decision-Making (Shagari to Babangida Administrations) and Decision-Making Theories*." Australian Journal of Politics & History 36, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1990.tb00642.x.

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Hardin, Erin E., and Frederick T. L. Leong. "Decision-Making Theories and Career Assessment: A Psychometric Evaluation of the Decision Making Inventory." Journal of Career Assessment 12, no. 1 (February 2004): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072703257730.

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7

Batteux, Eleonore, Eamonn Ferguson, and Richard J. Tunney. "Risk Preferences in Surrogate Decision Making." Experimental Psychology 64, no. 4 (July 2017): 290–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169/a000371.

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Abstract. There is growing evidence that decisions made on behalf of other people differ from the decisions we make for ourselves because we are less affected by the subjective experience of their outcome. As a result, the decisions we make for other people can be more optimal. This experiment investigated surrogate decision making using a probability discounting task where participants made choices between risky and sure options. Psychological distance between the decision maker and the recipient was manipulated by having participants make decisions for themselves, their friend, and another unknown participant. Risk preferences were closer to neutrality (i.e., more consistent with expected value) when making decisions on behalf of another participant than when making decisions for themselves or a friend. We conclude that subjective risk preferences are attenuated in surrogate decision making. Findings are discussed in relation to inconsistencies in the literature and theories of surrogate decision making.

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Gold, Natalie, Andrew M. Colman, and Briony D. Pulford. "Normative theory in decision making and moral reasoning." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34, no. 5 (October 2011): 256–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x11000495.

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AbstractNormative theories can be useful in developing descriptive theories, as when normative subjective expected utility theory is used to develop descriptive rational choice theory and behavioral game theory. “Ought” questions are also the essence of theories of moral reasoning, a domain of higher mental processing that could not survive without normative considerations.

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9

Harris, Frederick H. DeB. "Competing Theories of Firm Decision-Making under Risk." Southern Economic Journal 54, no. 2 (October 1987): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1059313.

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Kacelnik, A., and M. Bateson. "Risk-sensitivity: crossroads for theories of decision-making." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 1, no. 8 (November 1997): 304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(97)01093-0.

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11

Stefanou, Candice R., Spiro E. Stefanou, and Fang-I. Wen. "Unifying theories of learning and economic decision making." Education, Knowledge and Economy 1, no. 1 (April 11, 2007): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17496890601128308.

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12

Bogacz, Rafal. "Optimal decision-making theories: linking neurobiology with behaviour." Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 2007): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.12.006.

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13

Phillips, Scott W., and James J. Sobol. "Police decision making: an examination of conflicting theories." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 35, no. 3 (August 17, 2012): 551–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13639511211250794.

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14

Reyna, Valerie F., and Susan E. Rivers. "Current theories of risk and rational decision making." Developmental Review 28, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2008.01.002.

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15

Iqbal, M. "Effective Decision Making in a Life Company." British Actuarial Journal 11, no. 1 (April 1, 2005): 133–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700003172.

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ABSTRACTIn the recent past life companies have made many decisions which they have had cause to deeply regret. This paper looks at the range of decision making theories available. It then examines recent examples of decisions that had unfavourable consequences and explores why they were taken, and goes on to describe a systematic approach to decision making which can help management assess more objectively the difficult choices confronting them today. The approach does not require espousal of any specific decision theory or method of value measurement. The focus is on the decision making process and the organisation's capacity to handle change. The paper identifies the three requirements for effective decision making.

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Stiegler, Marjorie Podraza, and Avery Tung. "Cognitive Processes in Anesthesiology Decision Making." Anesthesiology 120, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 204–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000073.

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Abstract The quality and safety of health care are under increasing scrutiny. Recent studies suggest that medical errors, practice variability, and guideline noncompliance are common, and that cognitive error contributes significantly to delayed or incorrect diagnoses. These observations have increased interest in understanding decision-making psychology. Many nonrational (i.e., not purely based in statistics) cognitive factors influence medical decisions and may lead to error. The most well-studied include heuristics, preferences for certainty, overconfidence, affective (emotional) influences, memory distortions, bias, and social forces such as fairness or blame. Although the extent to which such cognitive processes play a role in anesthesia practice is unknown, anesthesia care frequently requires rapid, complex decisions that are most susceptible to decision errors. This review will examine current theories of human decision behavior, identify effects of nonrational cognitive processes on decision making, describe characteristic anesthesia decisions in this context, and suggest strategies to improve decision making.

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Costa, Albert, Marc–Lluís Vives, and Joanna D. Corey. "On Language Processing Shaping Decision Making." Current Directions in Psychological Science 26, no. 2 (April 2017): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721416680263.

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Recent research has revealed that people’s preferences, choices, and judgments are affected by whether information is presented in a foreign or a native language. Here, we review this evidence, focusing on various decision-making domains and advancing a variety of potential explanations for this foreign-language effect on decision making. We interpret the findings in the context of dual-system theories of decision making, entertaining the possibility that foreign-language processing reduces the impact of intuition and/or increases the impact of deliberation on people’s choices. In closing, we suggest future research directions for progressing our understanding of how language and decision-making processes interact when guiding people’s decisions.

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Reddick, Christopher G. "Testing Rival Decision–Making Theories on Budget Outputs: Theories and Comparative Evidence." Public Budgeting & Finance 22, no. 3 (January 2002): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5850.00078.

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Watkins, Samantha. "Effective decision-making: applying the theories to nursing practice." British Journal of Nursing 29, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2020.29.2.98.

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Many theories have been proposed for the decision-making conducted by nurses across all practices and disciplines. These theories are fundamental to consider when reflecting on our decision-making processes to inform future practice. In this article three of these theories are juxtaposed with a case study of a patient presenting with an ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). These theories are descriptive, normative and prescriptive, and will be used to analyse and interpret the process of decision-making within the context of patient assessment.

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Coppin, Géraldine. "Unconscious influences of, not just on, decision making." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 1 (January 24, 2014): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13000678.

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AbstractThis commentary focuses on the bidirectional links between unconscious influences and decision making. In particular, it examines the extent to which awareness is (not) necessary to the impact of decisions on psychological processes such as preferences. This analysis might help researchers to gain an extended perspective of Newell & Shanks' (N&S's) concerns regarding the role of unconscious influences in theories of decision making.

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21

Kalajtzidis, Ján. "Ethical decision making during disasters1." Human Affairs 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2016-0003.

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Abstract Neither in theory nor in practice does there exist a single model of decision making. It is very difficult to identify a model, or models, which would be most useful during and after a disaster. Within the disaster timeframe (a difficult and complex situation), specific moral dilemmas arise. All the decision making theories tend to be associated with different assumptions about human nature, the quality of the decisions made and the manner in which they are made. Different assumptions may result in different tools being used and subsequently different consequences. The paper will provide a general introduction to the ethical decision making model, and will suggest two ways in which decisions in ethics might be made. The paper will try to deepen the discussion, and suggest answers to questions such as which type of ethical decision making is better in a specific situation such as a disaster? Is there any need to use a different decision making model (from an ethical point of view) in a disaster than in another event? Nonetheless, the article does not provide explicit solutions to these questions, since providing them would require further investigation than is the aim of this paper.

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22

Stankevich, Alina. "Explaining the Consumer Decision-Making Process: Critical Literature Review." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS RESEARCH AND MARKETING 2, no. 6 (2017): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/jibrm.1849-8558.2015.26.3001.

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In the last years, research investigating consumer behaviour and how their decision-making process has advanced and has become an important topic in the marketing society and literature. To advance the research further, this paper presents an extensive literature review of academic publications in the area of buying decision-making process in marketing and its status. Furthermore, the paper presents latest trends and themes that emerge there. Based on 24 journal articles, reports and marketing books, the core models and theories in this area were evaluated and discussed. Moreover, a framework of “moments that matter” in consumer decision-making process and factors that influence them was elaborated for a possibility to influence consumer behaviour in favour of company’s offers. Furthermore, recommendations for marketers were suggested for deeper understanding the consumer behaviour and their buying strategies to empower marketing campaigns and be a success in the market. The paper also suggests several directions for future research related to buying behaviour.

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23

Mann, Richard P. "Collective decision making by rational individuals." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 44 (October 15, 2018): E10387—E10396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811964115.

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The patterns and mechanisms of collective decision making in humans and animals have attracted both empirical and theoretical attention. Of particular interest has been the variety of social feedback rules and the extent to which these behavioral rules can be explained and predicted from theories of rational estimation and decision making. However, models that aim to model the full range of social information use have incorporated ad hoc departures from rational decision-making theory to explain the apparent stochasticity and variability of behavior. In this paper I develop a model of social information use and collective decision making by fully rational agents that reveals how a wide range of apparently stochastic social decision rules emerge from fundamental information asymmetries both between individuals and between the decision makers and the observer of those decisions. As well as showing that rational decision making is consistent with empirical observations of collective behavior, this model makes several testable predictions about how individuals make decisions in groups and offers a valuable perspective on how we view sources of variability in animal, and human, behavior.

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24

Gowri B., Shantha, and Vedantam Seetha Ram. "Influence of news on rational decision making by financial market investors." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 16, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.16(3).2019.14.

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The impact of news on individual investor decision is explicit as investors need to update, adapt and forecast returns with constraints of time, uncertainty and resources to be successful. The aim is to understand and review the influence of news on individual investor’s decision making in stock markets and identify the impact of different type of news on individual investor’s decision making in stock markets, assess the behavioral reaction and investment decisions made by investors before and after there is news item, identify the linking effect on behavioral theories and biases, develop a generalized decision making conceptual model to understand the impact of news on investor’s reaction, decision and its linkages along with the behavioral bias. Theoretical basis/methodology for processing of news by investors is assumed to be based on Broadbent’s filter theory (1958) and due to cognitive informational inefficiency of investors it assesses the attention and the investor’s reaction of overreaction and underreaction, which do not comply with efficient market hypothesis theory. The reasons for its noncompliance are found by relating it with behavioral theories. The results explain how investor screens with filters and give attention to news only when it affects their portfolio or investment objective and strategies. It is concluded that investor’s decision making depends on degree of information penetration, information content, information influence, specific internal factors and generic external and on investors prevailing at that given circumstances. This gives us the solution to comprehend the investor’s reaction, decision and unresolved reversals, short- and long-term overreaction.

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Pollock, Clare, and Andrew Kanachowski. "Application of theories of decision making to group decision support systems (GDSS)." International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 5, no. 1 (January 1993): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447319309526056.

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26

Pritchett, Lisa M., and Richard F. Murray. "Classification images reveal decision variables and strategies in forced choice tasks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 23 (May 26, 2015): 7321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422169112.

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Despite decades of research, there is still uncertainty about how people make simple decisions about perceptual stimuli. Most theories assume that perceptual decisions are based on decision variables, which are internal variables that encode task-relevant information. However, decision variables are usually considered to be theoretical constructs that cannot be measured directly, and this often makes it difficult to test theories of perceptual decision making. Here we show how to measure decision variables on individual trials, and we use these measurements to test theories of perceptual decision making more directly than has previously been possible. We measure classification images, which are estimates of templates that observers use to extract information from stimuli. We then calculate the dot product of these classification images with the stimuli to estimate observers' decision variables. Finally, we reconstruct each observer's “decision space,” a map that shows the probability of the observer’s responses for all values of the decision variables. We use this method to examine decision strategies in two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) tasks, for which there are several competing models. In one experiment, the resulting decision spaces support the difference model, a classic theory of 2AFC decisions. In a second experiment, we find unexpected decision spaces that are not predicted by standard models of 2AFC decisions, and that suggest intrinsic uncertainty or soft thresholding. These experiments give new evidence regarding observers’ strategies in 2AFC tasks, and they show how measuring decision variables can answer long-standing questions about perceptual decision making.

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Damnjanovic, Kaja, and Ivana Jankovic. "Normative and descriptive theories of decision making under risk." Theoria, Beograd 57, no. 4 (2014): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo1404025d.

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The approaches to the decision making process are typically either normative or descriptive. We sketch a historical development of the decision theory, starting with concept of utility that was first introduced by Daniel Bernoulli and then explaining the basic concepts of von Neumann and Morgenstern?s normative expected utility theory (including the basic axioms of rationality). Then we present the descriptively oriented prospect theory of Kahneman and Tversky as a critique of the expected utility theory. We compare these theories and conclude that their historical sequence captures the sequence of the developmental stages of the decision-making process itself. However, normative and descriptive theories are not mutually exclusive.

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Brocas, Isabelle, and Juan D. Carrillo. "Dual-process theories of decision-making: A selective survey." Journal of Economic Psychology 41 (April 2014): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.01.004.

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Sirakaya, Ercan, and Arch G. Woodside. "Building and testing theories of decision making by travellers." Tourism Management 26, no. 6 (December 2005): 815–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.05.004.

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Haward, Marlyse F., and Annie Janvier. "An introduction to behavioural decision-making theories for paediatricians." Acta Paediatrica 104, no. 4 (March 20, 2015): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apa.12948.

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31

Pate, Larry E. "Using Theories as “Overlays” for Improved Managerial Decision Making." Management Decision 26, no. 1 (January 1988): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb001484.

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32

Thompson, Mumuni. "A multi-case study of instructional decision-making processes of teachers in kindergarten classrooms within the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana." Revista Brasileira de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade 5, no. 9 (2018): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21438/rbgas.050902.

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The study contributes to the ongoing debate with respect to the significance of early childhood teachers' instructional decision-making that take in consideration their theoretical knowledge (explicit theories) and practical experiences (implicit theories) and how they impact their instructional decision-making processes in diverse socio-cultural contexts of children. To address this gap in the literature, a qualitative multi-case study into the perceptions and classroom practices of four kindergarten teachers in two Ghanaian schools, Tata and Kariba, was carried out from May to November 2015. One research questions guided the study, namely: What factors and beliefs influence teachers' instructional decision-making in a kindergarten classroom? Data sources used were semi-structured individual interviews and pair-based interviews and field notes of classroom observations. Both within and across case interpretative analysis was used. The study's findings revealed that these teachers' explicit theories and implicit theories of teaching influenced their instructional decision-making processes in kindergarten classrooms. It was recommended that future researchers should explore early childhood teachers' explicit and implicit theories of teaching. It was also recommended kindergarten teachers to appreciate their roles as effective instructional decisions makers towards quality teaching and learning.

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Rehwaldt, Jeremy. "Expanding the Context of Moral Decision-Making." Teaching Ethics 19, no. 1 (2019): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tej202021367.

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Many introductory ethics courses focus narrowly on the cultivation of moral reasoning. A review of introductory ethics textbooks, for example, finds that most focus either on exploring moral theories and approaches in detail or on describing moral theories and then applying them to contemporary issues. I argue that these approaches fail to recognize humans as biologically driven, psychologically shaped, and sociologically constrained beings. I examine the factors influencing thinking and action in each of three areas—the role of emotion in moral decision-making, the problem of unconscious bias, and the influence of social structures—and argue for a broader approach to teaching introductory ethics that takes these factors into consideration. The article describes some classroom approaches for fostering understanding of these factors, as well as strategies students can use to act more effectively.

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Yeung, Nick, and Christopher Summerfield. "Metacognition in human decision-making: confidence and error monitoring." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1594 (May 19, 2012): 1310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0416.

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People are capable of robust evaluations of their decisions: they are often aware of their mistakes even without explicit feedback, and report levels of confidence in their decisions that correlate with objective performance. These metacognitive abilities help people to avoid making the same mistakes twice, and to avoid overcommitting time or resources to decisions that are based on unreliable evidence. In this review, we consider progress in characterizing the neural and mechanistic basis of these related aspects of metacognition—confidence judgements and error monitoring—and identify crucial points of convergence between methods and theories in the two fields. This convergence suggests that common principles govern metacognitive judgements of confidence and accuracy; in particular, a shared reliance on post-decisional processing within the systems responsible for the initial decision. However, research in both fields has focused rather narrowly on simple, discrete decisions—reflecting the correspondingly restricted focus of current models of the decision process itself—raising doubts about the degree to which discovered principles will scale up to explain metacognitive evaluation of real-world decisions and actions that are fluid, temporally extended, and embedded in the broader context of evolving behavioural goals.

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Peterson, Joshua C., David D. Bourgin, Mayank Agrawal, Daniel Reichman, and Thomas L. Griffiths. "Using large-scale experiments and machine learning to discover theories of human decision-making." Science 372, no. 6547 (June 10, 2021): 1209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abe2629.

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Predicting and understanding how people make decisions has been a long-standing goal in many fields, with quantitative models of human decision-making informing research in both the social sciences and engineering. We show how progress toward this goal can be accelerated by using large datasets to power machine-learning algorithms that are constrained to produce interpretable psychological theories. Conducting the largest experiment on risky choice to date and analyzing the results using gradient-based optimization of differentiable decision theories implemented through artificial neural networks, we were able to recapitulate historical discoveries, establish that there is room to improve on existing theories, and discover a new, more accurate model of human decision-making in a form that preserves the insights from centuries of research.

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Thom, David. "A decision theory overview and case-based discussion." Journal of Paramedic Practice 13, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2021.13.8.320.

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Paramedics make decisions as part of their everyday role but often, the theory behind clinical decision-making is not discussed in depth. This article explores the theories of decision-making as they apply to a clinical case. With the increasing use of technology in healthcare, the introduction of human reliability analysis is becoming more pertinent.

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Jankelová, Nadežda, and Diana Puhovichová. "Normative and descriptive perception of strategic decision making." SHS Web of Conferences 83 (2020): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208301027.

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During historical development a greater number of decision theories were gradually conceived. Their differences arise from the normative and descriptive characters of individual theories. They differ in basic assumptions such as rationality, available information or choice of a decision. In practical life, they are manifested by accentuation of rational, or even intuitive decision making. This article is devoted to the definition of both types of theories and subsequent examination of the level of rationality in strategic decision making of managers. The findings have shown, that managers use more rational approach than intuitive approach. The most important factors that influence the level of rationality in strategic decision making were external factors. The most important of them has been assigned to a group of competition factors. Other factors influencing the level of rationality in strategic decision-making have been identified, namely the factors of the decision itself and factors of the internal environment. Managers combine rationality with strategic decision-making activities to take advantage of opportunity of an environment. The emphasis in the degree of impact on rationality in strategic decision-making is significant in favor of using the factors of the decision itself. The dependence of the perception of factors of the decision itself was significant in the variable economy.

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Murdoch, Samantha. "Clinical decision-making and its place in paramedic practice." Journal of Paramedic Practice 11, no. 5 (May 2, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2019.11.5.cpd1.

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In the pre-hospital environment, paramedics are required to make clinical decisions, often rapidly to ensure correct treatment and care is provided. Decisions made by paramedics majorly impacts on the life, clinical outcome, safety, health and wellbeing of their patients. With the introduction of the Newly Qualified Paramedic Framework, it potentially has never been more pertinent to examine the decision-making process-an integral part of paramedicine. The implementation of the NQP framework has prompted an exploration into clinical decision making and its place in an ever-evolving profession. Through examination of theories and frameworks, this article aims to identify the underpinning evidence that enables a paramedic to reach a competent decision and the barriers experienced in the process.

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Kumar Kar, Arpan, and Ashis Kumar Pani. "How can a group of procurement experts select suppliers? An approach for group decision support." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 27, no. 4 (July 8, 2014): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeim-10-2012-0076.

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Purpose – The application of theories on group decision support is yet to be explored extensively in supplier selection literature, although the literature in both domains is extremely rich, in isolation. The purpose of this paper is to explore the application of group decision support theories for supplier selection. Design/methodology/approach – The row geometric mean method (RGMM) of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used in this study for the prioritization of group preferences under consensus. A case study was conducted to test the theories of consensual group decision making and compare it with other approaches based on AHP. Findings – The study establishes that the application of decision support theories for group decision making can improve the supplier selection process. Findings further imply that RGMM is more effective than eigen value method, for group decision making under consensus. Research limitations/implications – Methodologically, the study highlights the greater regularity in outcome of group decision making, vis-à-vis individual decision making, for the same decision-making context. Also, it highlights how RGMM is more effective since it preserves reciprocal properties and diversity in preferences better. Practical implications – The study establishes that firms can improve supplier selection processes by leveraging on the collective expertise of a group rather than depending on individual decision-making expertise. Originality/value – This study explores the application of different theories based on AHP for consensual group decision making. It compares different approaches based on AHP and establishes that RGMM is a superior approach for supplier selection.

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Kim, Kyounghae, Katherine Heinze, Jiayun Xu, Melissa Kurtz, Hyunjeong Park, Megan Foradori, and Marie T. Nolan. "Theories of Health Care Decision Making at the End of Life: A Meta-Ethnography." Western Journal of Nursing Research 40, no. 12 (August 17, 2017): 1861–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945917723010.

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The aim of this meta-ethnography is to appraise the types and uses of theories relative to end-of-life decision making and to develop a conceptual framework to describe end-of-life decision making among patients with advanced cancers, heart failure, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their caregivers or providers. We used PubMed, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases to extract English-language articles published between January 2002 and April 2015. Forty-three articles were included. The most common theories included decision-making models ( n = 14) followed by family-centered ( n = 11) and behavioral change models ( n = 7). A conceptual framework was developed using themes including context of decision making, communication and negotiation of decision making, characteristics of decision makers, goals of decision making, options and alternatives, and outcomes. Future research should enhance and apply these theories to guide research to develop patient-centered decision-making programs that facilitate informed and shared decision making at the end of life among patients with advanced illness and their caregivers.

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Zhang, Chao, Daniël Lakens, and Wijnand A. IJsselsteijn. "Theory Integration for Lifestyle Behavior Change in the Digital Age: An Adaptive Decision-Making Framework." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): e17127. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17127.

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Despite the growing popularity of digital health interventions, limitations of traditional behavior change theories and a lack of theory integration hinder theory-driven behavior change applications. In this paper, we aim to review theories relevant to lifestyle behavior change from the broader psychology literature and then integrate these theories into a new theoretical framework called adaptive decision-making to address two specific problems. First, our framework represents lifestyle behaviors at two levels—one of individual daily decisions (action level) and one of larger behavioral episodes (reflection level)—to more closely match the temporal characteristics of lifestyle behaviors and their associated digital data. Second, the framework connects decision-making theories and learning theories to explain how behaviors and cognitive constructs dynamically influence each other, making it a suitable scaffold for building computational models. We map common digital intervention techniques onto the behavioral and cognitive processes in the framework and discuss possible contributions of the framework to both theory development and digital intervention design.

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Meder, David, Finn Rabe, Tobias Morville, Kristoffer H. Madsen, Magnus T. Koudahl, Ray J. Dolan, Hartwig R. Siebner, and Oliver J. Hulme. "Ergodicity-breaking reveals time optimal decision making in humans." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): e1009217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009217.

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Ergodicity describes an equivalence between the expectation value and the time average of observables. Applied to human behaviour, ergodic theories of decision-making reveal how individuals should tolerate risk in different environments. To optimise wealth over time, agents should adapt their utility function according to the dynamical setting they face. Linear utility is optimal for additive dynamics, whereas logarithmic utility is optimal for multiplicative dynamics. Whether humans approximate time optimal behavior across different dynamics is unknown. Here we compare the effects of additive versus multiplicative gamble dynamics on risky choice. We show that utility functions are modulated by gamble dynamics in ways not explained by prevailing decision theories. Instead, as predicted by time optimality, risk aversion increases under multiplicative dynamics, distributing close to the values that maximise the time average growth of in-game wealth. We suggest that our findings motivate a need for explicitly grounding theories of decision-making on ergodic considerations.

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Frazier, Robert L. "Act Utilitarianism and Decision Procedures." Utilitas 6, no. 1 (May 1994): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095382080000131x.

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A standard objection to act utilitarian theories is that they are not helpful in deciding what it is morally permissible for us to do when we actually have to make a choice between alternatives. That is, such theories are worthless as decision procedures. A standard reply to this objection is that act utilitarian theories can be evaluated solely as theories about right-making characteristics and, when so evaluated, their inadequacy as decision procedures is irrelevant. Even if somewhat unappealing, this is an effective reply to the standard objection.

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Tchantouridze, Lasha. "Integrating Cognitive and Rational Theories of Foreign Policy Decision Making." Canadian Journal of Political Science 38, no. 1 (March 2005): 256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423905380103.

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Integrating Cognitive and Rational Theories of Foreign Policy Decision Making, Alex Mintz, ed., New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, pp. 175Heuristic method uses formal reasoning that is based on experience, often because there is no precise and/or relevant algorithm available. Heuristic reasoning is guided by trial and error. It is convincing without being rigorous. Heuristic method is basically a rule of thumb or other simplifications that allow drawing conclusions without being certain.

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Kabassi, Katerina. "Evaluating museum websites using a combination of decision-making theories." Journal of Heritage Tourism 14, no. 5-6 (February 18, 2019): 544–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1743873x.2019.1574301.

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Tiede, Lydia Brashear, and Aldo Fernando Ponce. "Evaluating Theories of Decision-making on the Peruvian Constitutional Tribunal." Journal of Politics in Latin America 6, no. 2 (August 2014): 139–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1866802x1400600205.

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OLSSON, GUNNAR. "ANALOGS, THEORIES, AND DECISION MAKING Comments on Walter Isard's Paper." Papers in Regional Science 27, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1971.tb01503.x.

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Evans, Catherine. "Clinical decision making theories: patient assessment in A&E." Emergency Nurse 13, no. 5 (September 2005): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/en2005.09.13.5.16.c1192.

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Reddick, Christopher G. "Budgetary decision making in the twentieth century: theories and evidence." Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management 15, no. 2 (March 2003): 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-15-02-2003-b005.

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Belova, Marina. "Theories of legal decision making in modern German legal doctrine." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 10 (2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520012241-6.

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