Relevant bibliographies by topics / Decision making – Moral and ethical aspects

Academic literature on the topic 'Decision making – Moral and ethical aspects'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Decision making – Moral and ethical aspects"

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Parvari, Soraya, Hoorvash Farajidana, Zohreh Mahmoodi, Farima Mohamadi, Kourosh Kabir, Mehrad Boostanchi, and Nami Mohammadian Khonsari. "Components related to ethical decision making in medical science students: A structural equation model." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (April 17, 2024): e0297494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297494.

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Background Evaluating moral principles in the Society of Medical Sciences and health care workers (HCWs) is imperative due to their direct contact with the community and the significant impact of their attitudes and decisions on people’s lives. This study aimed to determine the components related to ethical decisions in medical sciences students. Methods One thousand two hundred thirty-five eligible students in the Alborz University of Medical Sciences participated in this descriptive study. We gathered their socio-demographic information, assessed their moral reasoning, and used the ethical decisions questionnaire, Lutsen moral sensitivity questionnaire, and general health questionnaire (GHQ) for data gathering. The data were analyzed with SPSS software version 25 and LISREL version 8.8. Results According to the path analysis test findings, ethical reasoning significantly correlated with ethical decision-making (B = 0.40). The number of clinical courses passed, moral sensation (moral sensitivity), and the total number of passed academic semesters had the greatest positive and negative association with ethical decision-making, respectively. (B = 0.54), (B = 0.524) and (B = -0.11). Conclusion Based on the findings of the moral reasoning test, the moral sensation was associated with ethical decision-making, which indicates the necessity of attending to ethical aspects, promoting moral reasoning, sensitivity, and students’ accuracy.
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Torabi, Mohammad, Fariba Borhani, Abbas Abbaszadeh, and Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh. "Barriers to ethical decision-making for pre-hospital care professionals." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 2 (June 11, 2019): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019848044.

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Background: Emergency care providers are frequently faces with situations in which they have to make decisions quickly in stressful situations. They face barriers to ethical decision-making and recognizing and finding solutions to these barriers helps them to make ethical decision. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify barriers of ethical decision-making in Iranian Emergency Medical Service personnel. Methods: In this qualitative research, the participants (n = 15) were selected using the purposive sampling method, and the data were collected by deep and semi-structured interviews. Finally, the data are analyzed using the content analysis approach. Ethical considerations: Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The objectives of the study were explained to the participants and written consent was received from them. Also, participants were assured that necessary measures were taken to protect their anonymity and confidentiality. Findings: The results of the analysis are classified in five main categories. It encompasses the following areas: perception of situation, patient-related factors, input and output imbalance, uncoordinated health system, and paradoxes. Conclusion: Emergency Medical Service personnel make ethical decisions every day. It is important that prehospital personnel know how to manage those decisions properly so that clients’ moral rights are respected. Hence, by identifying the dimensions and obstacles of ethical decision-making in Emergency Medical Service personnel, it is possible to enhance the moral judgment and ethical accountability of the personnel and develop the strategies necessary for ethical decision-making in them.
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Evans, Katherine, Nelson de Moura, Stéphane Chauvier, Raja Chatila, and Ebru Dogan. "Ethical Decision Making in Autonomous Vehicles: The AV Ethics Project." Science and Engineering Ethics 26, no. 6 (October 13, 2020): 3285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-020-00272-8.

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AbstractThe ethics of autonomous vehicles (AV) has received a great amount of attention in recent years, specifically in regard to their decisional policies in accident situations in which human harm is a likely consequence. Starting from the assumption that human harm is unavoidable, many authors have developed differing accounts of what morality requires in these situations. In this article, a strategy for AV decision-making is proposed, the Ethical Valence Theory, which paints AV decision-making as a type of claim mitigation: different road users hold different moral claims on the vehicle’s behavior, and the vehicle must mitigate these claims as it makes decisions about its environment. Using the context of autonomous vehicles, the harm produced by an action and the uncertainties connected to it are quantified and accounted for through deliberation, resulting in an ethical implementation coherent with reality. The goal of this approach is not to define how moral theory requires vehicles to behave, but rather to provide a computational approach that is flexible enough to accommodate a number of ‘moral positions’ concerning what morality demands and what road users may expect, offering an evaluation tool for the social acceptability of an autonomous vehicle’s ethical decision making.
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Bingham, Sarah-Louise. "Refusal of treatment and decision-making capacity." Nursing Ethics 19, no. 1 (January 2012): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733011431925.

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This article explores refusal of medical treatment by adult patients from ethical and legal perspectives. Initially, consequentialist and deontological ethical theory are outlined. The concepts of autonomy, paternalism and competence are described and an overview of Beauchamp and Childress’s principle-based approach to moral reasoning is given. Relevant common law is discussed and the provisions of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 in assessing competence is evaluated. In order to demonstrate the consideration of moral issues in clinical practice, ethical theory is applied to two well-known incidents: the case of Re MB, where doubt over decision-making capacity led to a paternalistic act to override a patient’s choice; and the death of Emma Gough, a situation where respect for autonomy prevailed when healthcare staff acted lawfully in following a patient’s refusal of life-saving treatment. Finally, guidance from regulatory bodies on the roles and responsibilities of health professionals in relation to this topic are considered.
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Fragouli, Evangelia. "The interaction of employee trust & ethical decision making." Business and Management Review 11, no. 02 (December 15, 2020): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v11nu02/art-19.

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Trust is seen to include both emotional and cognitive dimensions and to function as a deep assumption underwriting social order. In the past three decades, the importance of trust in the workplace & its influence on organizational performance has been recognized by research scholars, and practitioners. This research paper aims to examine the impact of employee trust on leaders' ethical decision-making. This study applies literature review method to address the above subject showing that the impact of employee trust on leaders’ ethical decision-making relates to organizational aspects, as well as personal characteristics of leaders. Consideration of organizational aspects include performance, effective communication, and organizational culture. The personal aspects relate to leadership self-certification, guilt, rational attitude, leader learning, and moral model. Further, this study suggests that employee trust enhances e& & motivates leaders to make ethical decisions. However, organizational culture and leadership personal characteristics may have a negative impact on ethical decision-making. This study suggests that organizations could make collective decisions on major issues to reduce the impact of these negative factors on ethical decision-making.
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Abou Hashish, Ebtsam Aly, and Nadia Hassan Ali Awad. "Relationship between ethical ideology and moral judgment: Academic nurse educators’ perception." Nursing Ethics 26, no. 3 (September 11, 2017): 845–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733017722825.

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Background: Ascertaining the relationship between ethical ideology, moral judgment, and ethical decision among academic nurse educators at work appears to be a challenge particularly in situations when they are faced with a need to solve an ethical problem and make a moral decision. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the relationship between ethical ideology, moral judgment, and ethical decision as perceived by academic nurse educators. Methods: A descriptive correlational research design was conducted at Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University. All academic nurse educators were included in the study (N = 220). Ethical Position Questionnaire and Questionnaire of Moral Judgment and Ethical Decisions were proved reliable to measure study variables. Ethical considerations: Approval was obtained from Ethics Committee at Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University. Privacy and confidentiality of data were maintained and assured by obtaining subjects’ informed consent. Findings: This study reveals a significant positive moderate correlation between idealism construct of ethical ideology and moral judgment in terms of recognition of the behavior as an ethical issue and the magnitude of emotional consequences of the ethical situation (p < 0.001; p = 0.031) respectively. Also, there is a positive significant moderate correlation between relativism construct of ethical ideology and overall moral judgment (p = 0.010). Approximately 3.5% of the explained variance of overall moral judgment is predicted by idealism together with relativism. Discussion: The findings suggest that variations in ethical position and ideology are associated with moral judgment and ethical decision. Conclusion: Organizations of academic nursing education should provide a supportive work environment to help their academic staff to develop their self-awareness and knowledge of their ethical position and promoting their ethical ideologies and, in turn, enhance their moral judgment as well as develop ethical reasoning and decision-making capability of nursing students. More emphasis in nursing curricula is needed on ethical concepts for developing nursing competencies.
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Almpani, Sofia, Petros Stefaneas, and Panayiotis Frangos. "Formalization of Ethical Decision Making." International Journal of Extreme Automation and Connectivity in Healthcare 5, no. 1 (March 24, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeach.320488.

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As automation in robotics and artificial intelligence is increasing, we will need to automate a growing amount of ethical decision making. However, ethical decision-making raises novel challenges for designers, engineers, ethicists, and policymakers, who will have to explore new ways to realize this task. For example, engineers building wearable robots should take into consideration privacy aspects and their different context-based scenarios when programming the decision-making procedures. This in turn requires ethical input in order to respect norms concerning privacy and informed consent. The presented work focuses on the development and formalization of models that aim at ensuring a correct ethical behavior of artificial intelligent agents, in a provable way, extending and implementing a logic-based proving calculus. This leads to a formal theoretical framework of moral competence that could be implemented in artificial intelligent systems in order to best formalize certain parameters of ethical decision-making to ensure safety and justified trust.
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Nyamori, Divine. "Exploring the Relationship between Moral Decision-Making and Emotional Intelligence." International Journal of Philosophy 3, no. 1 (May 3, 2024): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijp.1866.

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Purpose: The general objective of the study was to explore the relationship between moral decision- making and emotional intelligence. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop research methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The findings reveal that there exists a contextual and methodological gap relating to the relationship between moral decision- making and emotional intelligence. Preliminary empirical review revealed that emotional intelligence significantly influences individuals' ability to make ethically sound decisions, as evidenced by positive correlations between emotional intelligence and various aspects of moral decision-making. It found that individuals with higher emotional intelligence demonstrated superior emotional awareness, regulation, and empathy, enabling them to navigate moral dilemmas more effectively. The study highlighted the practical implications of these findings, suggesting that interventions aimed at enhancing emotional intelligence could promote ethical behavior in educational, organizational, and societal contexts. Overall, the research provided valuable insights into the intricate interplay between emotional intelligence and morality, informing strategies for fostering ethical leadership and social responsibility. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The Social Learning theory, Cognitive Developmental theory and Dual Process theory may be used to anchor future studies on moral decision- making and emotional intelligence. The study offered recommendations that contributed significantly to theory, practice, and policy. It suggested further investigation into the underlying mechanisms of the relationship between moral decision-making and emotional intelligence. Practical implications included integrating emotional intelligence training into educational curricula and organizational practices, fostering ethical leadership and decision-making. Policy-wise, the study advocated for the integration of emotional intelligence and ethical education initiatives into broader societal frameworks. Collaboration among stakeholders was recommended to design evidence-based interventions promoting moral development and emotional competence, ultimately contributing to positive social change. Keywords: Moral Decision-Making, Emotional Intelligence, Education, Leadership, Ethical Dilemmas, Interventions, Stakeholders, Collaboration
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Alba, Barbara. "Factors that impact on emergency nurses’ ethical decision-making ability." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 7 (November 10, 2016): 855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016674769.

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Background: Reliance on moral principles and professional codes has given nurses direction for ethical decision-making. However, rational models do not capture the emotion and reality of human choice. Intuitive response must be considered. Research purpose: Supporting intuition as an important ethical decision-making tool for nurses, the aim of this study was to determine relationships between intuition, years of worked nursing experience, and perceived ethical decision-making ability. A secondary aim explored the relationships between rational thought to years of worked nursing experience and perceived ethical decision-making ability. Research design and context: A non-experimental, correlational research design was used. The Rational Experiential Inventory measured intuition and rational thought. The Clinical Decision Making in Nursing Scale measured perceived ethical decision-making ability. Pearson’s r was the statistical method used to analyze three primary and two secondary research questions. Participants: A sample of 182 emergency nurses was recruited electronically through the Emergency Nurses Association. Participants were self-selected. Ethical considerations: Approval to conduct this study was obtained by the Adelphi University Institutional Review Board. Findings: A relationship between intuition and perceived ethical decision-making ability ( r = .252, p = .001) was a significant finding in this study. Discussion: This study is one of the first of this nature to make a connection between intuition and nurses’ ethical decision-making ability. Conclusion: This investigation contributes to a broader understanding of the different thought processes used by emergency nurses to make ethical decisions.
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Kucukkelepce, Gulhan Erkus, Leyla Dinc, and Melih Elcin. "Effects of using standardized patients on nursing students’ moral skills." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 7 (July 30, 2020): 1587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733020935954.

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Background: Nurses and nursing students increasingly confront ethical problems in clinical practice. Moral sensitivity, moral reasoning, and ethical decision-making are therefore important skills throughout the nursing profession. Innovative teaching methods as part of the ethics training of nursing students help them acquire these fundamental skills. Aim: This study investigated the effects and potential benefits of using standardized patients in ethics education on nursing baccalaureate students’ moral sensitivity, moral reasoning, and ethical decision-making by comparing this method with in-class case analyses. Research design: This is a quasi-experimental study. Participants and research context: The sample comprised 89 students in Hacettepe University’s Faculty of Nursing. Following lectures describing the theoretical components of ethics, students were randomly assigned to two working groups, one using standardized patients and the other using in-class case analyses. Data were collected using the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, Rest’s Defining Issues Test, and the Nursing Dilemma Test. All data were analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval and official permission were obtained. All participating students completed informed consent forms. Findings: According to the results, the moral sensitivity of students in the standardized patient group significantly improved over time compared to those in the case analysis group, while the mean scores of students in both groups for moral reasoning and ethical decision-making were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on our results, we recommend the use of both standardized patients and case analysis as appropriate teaching methods in ethics education.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Decision making – Moral and ethical aspects"

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Silove, Melanie. "Ethical decision-making in the therapeutic space : a psychoanalytic view." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1020873.

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This study examined the ethical decision-making process as it transpired in the everyday context of the therapeutic space. In-depth interviews explored the subjective experiences of six South African psychologists, practicing as psychoanalytic psychotherapists, and their efforts to resolve real-life ethical dilemmas. The theoretical framework used to interpret the data subsumed professional literature in psychology on principle-based ethical decision-making as well as contemporary psychoanalytic debates on the phenomenon of countertransference enactments. A review of ethics codes, survey research and seminal decision-making frameworks suggests that ethical dilemmas have traditionally been resolved by recourse to an objective and impartial “principle ethics” perspective. Empirical evidence shows, however, that logical thinking and the rational application of codes, principles and standards are often insufficient to secure ethical action. The establishment of reflective space and the core theoretical notion of “ethical decision-making enactments” were proposed in order to address the subjective, irrational and unconscious dimension of professional decision-making. This study used a broadly hermeneutic research method which transformed participants‟ descriptions of engagement with real-life dilemmas into a psychoanalytically informed interpretive account of ethical decision-making. Twelve aspirational ethical principles were found to guide participants‟ daily analytic work. Beneficence was the principle most strongly identified with and nonmaleficence was the most neglected ethical principle. Unprocessed countertransference responses were shown to drive earlier prereflective phases of the ethical decision-making process. Mature ethical judgment was predicated upon the retrospective analysis of enactment phenomena. Dissatisfaction was expressed by all participants with regard to the role of professional resources in aiding the resolution of stressful ethical dilemmas. Risk factors for compromised professional decision-making included the paucity and perceived irrelevance of postgraduate ethics training, supervisory failure to confront the ethical and countertransference dimensions of common dilemmas and professional isolation. Rather than eliciting the hope of emotional support and greater insight, professional resources on the contrary mostly appeared to induce anxiety, mistrust and fearfulness. Based on the data and the literature, a pragmatic psychoanalytically informed ethical decision-making model was finally generated. The model, which considers both principle ethics as well as countertransference phenomena, offers a preliminary contribution to professional dialogue on the development and evaluation of empirically based decision-making frameworks. Practical recommendations are made for both the revision of the current South African ethics code and for improving the postqualifying ethics education of psychoanalytic practitioners and supervisors. The limitations of the data are discussed and directions for future research initiatives are proposed.
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Hoag, Jennifer M. "Adolescent loneliness and moral decision-making." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1244865.

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The high school to college transition may be especially influential in creating feelings of social loneliness in adolescents. Failure to establish social structures may lead to feelings of loneliness and an increased need for social approval from their peers in the new environment. It was therefore predicted that the more lonely a student is, the more likely he/she would look for approval from others and the more likely he/she would acquiesce to a decision to participate in unethical actions proposed by peers. This prediction was tested in a sample of 158 female and 133 male college students. The evidence suggests that participants who were the most lonely were most likely to report a willingness to engage in unethical behaviors when encouraged by others. However, contrary to expectations, the need for approval did not mediate the relationship between loneliness and unethical behavior. Gender differences were found in the endorsement of unethical behaviors. Male participants were more likely to report a willingness to engage in unethical acts than were female participants.
Department of Psychological Science
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Burstein, Ronald Mark. "The ethical decision-making self-efficacy of psychologists and counselors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186308.

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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ethical decision making self-efficacy of a sample of state-credentialed psychologists and counselors. A questionnaire was constructed which asked respondents to rate the confidence they possessed in relation to thirty items (reflecting ten a priori ethical decision-making domains). The items described ethical knowledge and ethical decision-making tasks and situations. The questionnaire also included eight questions pertaining to respondents' personal characteristics and professional education, training, and experience. The questionnaire was mailed to 400 Arizona-licensed psychologists and 340 Arizona-certified counselors. Although no formal, a priori hypotheses were established prior to the survey, it was expected that the extent and quality of professional ethics training might be associated with higher scores on factors generated by an exploratory factor analysis performed on survey results. In particular, it was anticipated that a values-clarification component of ethics training would be associated with higher ethical decision-making factor scores. Approximately 50% of the total sample responded to the survey. The factor analysis of scorable questionnaires resulted in a six-factor model of ethical decision-making self-efficacy. The six factors were: (1) Knowledge, (2) Behavior, (3) Thinking, (4) Awareness, (5) Resources, (6) Authorities-Conflict Analysis/Resolution. Having taken an ethics course as a student was associated with higher scores on factors 1, 5, and 6. Having taken an ethics training seminar as a postgraduate was associated with higher scores on factors 1, 2, and 5. Those respondents with a values clarification component to their ethics training scored higher on factors 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. Study results suggest that further development of an Ethical Decision Making Self-Efficacy Scale and pursuit of a national survey of psychologists and counselors addressing issues raised in this study are warranted.
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Rank, Janice Lee. "Moral orientation and decision-making: Ethnic and gender differences." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/456.

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Lin, Eng-Lung. "An empirical examination of ethical decision making by corporate accountants in Taiwan." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2010. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/364.

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The recent accounting scandals, characterised by the Enron affair, have not been confined to the U.S.A., but have been a worldwide phenomenon, embracing Taiwan. Most of them have involved dysfunctional behaviour incorporating earnings management. The factors which encourage earnings management decisions and the subsequent outcomes provide the motivation for this study. The study examines accountants’ earnings management behaviour in quoted firms in Taiwan, and addresses a primary issue: what are the factors which affect accountants’ ethical decision making in an earnings management context? The following subsidiary research questions were examined. (1) Does a firm’s ethical work climate affect earnings management decision making? (2) Do individual characteristics affect earnings management decision making? (3) Does moral intensity of ethical issue affect earnings management decision making?
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Wood, John Vincent. "An understanding of moral philosophy classifications and social risk in relation to decision-making." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1979.

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The purpose of this study was to look at the relationships between moral philosophy classification and elements of risk, which in turn effect overall decision-making processes. Specifically, two moral philosophy classification were examined: utilitarian and egoism.
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FeldmanHall, Oriel. "A neuro-cognitive investigation of human moral decision-making in real and hypothetical contexts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610657.

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Chau, Long Fung Lewis. "Corporate entrepreneurship and ethical decision-making behavior of marketing managers." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1997. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/134.

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Tsahuridu, Eva Evdokia. "Moral autonomy in organisational decisions." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1289.

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The purpose of this study to investigate the morality of persons in organisations and especially the effect of organisations on the moral autonomy of persons. In addition to reviewing the literature of moral autonomy in philosophy, psychology, sociology and organisation studies and management, the thesis also examines the ontology of organisations, moral agency and the organisation as a context. Based on this knowledge, a model is developed that addresses the relations of the organisation to society and the person to the organisation in ethical decision making. From this model the thesis develops three moral decision making categories. These are: moral autonomy. Where persons are allowed to use their moral values, moral heteronomy, where the organisation provides such values and moral anomy, where there is a lack of moral deliberation and moral values. Four research propositions are developed from this model. The propositions are that people are more likely to make morally autonomous decisions in personal life dilemmas than in organisational life dilemmas. In organisational dilemmas it is proposed that the organisation will affect the morality of its members. In bureaucratic organisations, people are expected to make more anomous organisational decisions when faced with an easy and simple dilemma and more heteronomous decisions when faced with complex and difficult dilemmas. In clan organisations, people are expected to make more autonomous organisational decisions. In a market organisation, people are expected to make more anomous organisational decisions. An exploratory primary research project is undertaken to test the model and the propositions developed. People from three Australian organisations that approximate Ouchi's (1980) typology of bureaucracy, clan and market organisations participated in the research. Managers and supervisors from each organisation were asked to assess the ethical climate of their organisation using Victor and Cullen's (1987, 1988) Ethical Climate Questionnaire. They also responded to Forsyth's (1980) Ethics Position Questionnaire and resolved and justified their resolutions six organisational and six personal ethical dilemmas. These dilemmas had been assessed by two groups of MBA students for relevancy, complexity and difficulty. The analysis of the primary data reveals that the three organisations have different ethical climates. It also reveals that the respondents from the three organisations do not differ insofar as they share similarly idealistic end relativistic ethical ideologies. They do however differ in the reasoning they use to resolve organisational and in some cases personal ethical dilemmas. People In organisation Alpha, the bureaucratic organisation, are more likely to make heteronomous decisions. People from organisation Beta, the clan organisation, are more likely to make autonomous moral decisions, and people from organisation Gamma, the market organisation, are more likely to make anomous moral decisions. These findings support the research propositions developed. More importantly, some people in organisations Alpha and Gamma did not perceive some organisational dilemmas as ethical issues but only as business issues that are void of ethics. In addition, people from organisation Alpha in particular were more likely to try to avoid making a decision and suggest that someone else in the organisation should make the decision not the person facing the dilemma. The findings suggest that organisations that rely on rules and regulations are more likely to remove the responsibility from ethical decision-making, and lead to avoidance of such decisions. The implications of these findings are discussed and opportunities for further research are identified.
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Foshaugen, Edvard Kristian. "Postmodernism and the dilemma of an appropriate Christian paradigm for ethical descision making." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51880.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Church is facing a dilemma in how to apply and live out its message in a postmodern world. For many in the Church an understanding and application of morals and ethics has become bewildering. This assignment attempts to develop a Christian vocabulary and conceptual framework for morality. This is done by firstly elucidating the milieu out of which postmodernism arose. Modernism, through universal claims of reason and instrumental rationality, believed in the ultimate mastery of the world. The failure of the Enlightenment project to develop universal morality and law led to a new perspective on reason and reality and new reflection on life, morality and meaning. Thus, I reflect on' the parturition and value of postmodernism through offering an evaluation and critique of the ideology of postmodernism. Next, I propose the need for Christian ideology to be firstly separated from cultural interpretations so as to avoid ethnocentrism and cultural imperialism. After exploring the development and purpose of worldviews I argue for the building of cultural bridges and for the Gospel and Biblical worldview to be suitably encoded. Finally, I posit an understanding of what postmodern ethics entails and how then to define and respond to ethical issues. Through case studies I apply the key principles identified in the study. These are that moderation is a virtue; that many timeless truths are customary truths that arise in a specific historical/cultural situations; that many problems are not ethical issues but are rather a comprehension and/or a misinterpretation of the Scriptures regarding what it means to be a Christian and how we are to live our Christian profession to mention a few. I reason and plead for a Christian ethical system of incarnational engaged compassion in a postmodern world.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming
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Books on the topic "Decision making – Moral and ethical aspects"

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Josephson, Michael S. Making ethical decisions. 3rd ed. Marina del Rey, Calif: Josephson Institute of Ethics, 1995.

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Glenn, James R. Ethics in decision making. New York, NY: Wiley, 1985.

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Guy, Mary E. Ethical decision making in everyday work situations. New York: Quorum Books, 1990.

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Paul, Dunk, ed. Ethical decision making in the hospitality industry. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Education, 2005.

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Barr, David. Ethics in decision-making. London: Institute of Business Ethics, 2011.

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Robison, Wade L. Ethical decision making in social work. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2000.

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1964-, Bhal Kanika T., ed. Managerial ethics: Dilemmas and decision making. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2004.

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Glenn, James R. Ethics in decision making. New York: J. Wiley, 1986.

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Bush, Shane S. Ethical decision-making in clinical neuropsychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Houser, Rick. Culturally relevant ethical decision-making in counseling. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Decision making – Moral and ethical aspects"

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Miller, Gloria J. "Artificial Intelligence Project Success Factors—Beyond the Ethical Principles." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 65–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98997-2_4.

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AbstractThe algorithms implemented through artificial intelligence (AI) and big data projects are used in life-and-death situations. Despite research that addresses varying aspects of moral decision-making based upon algorithms, the definition of project success is less clear. Nevertheless, researchers place the burden of responsibility for ethical decisions on the developers of AI systems. This study used a systematic literature review to identify five categories of AI project success factors in 17 groups related to moral decision-making with algorithms. It translates AI ethical principles into practical project deliverables and actions that underpin the success of AI projects. It considers success over time by investigating the development, usage, and consequences of moral decision-making by algorithmic systems. Moreover, the review reveals and defines AI success factors within the project management literature. Project managers and sponsors can use the results during project planning and execution.
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Huppenbauer, Markus, and Carmen Tanner. "Ethical Leadership – How to Integrate Empirical and Ethical Aspects for Promoting Moral Decision Making in Business Practice." In Empirically Informed Ethics: Morality between Facts and Norms, 239–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01369-5_14.

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Drašček, Matej, Dana Mesner Andolšek, and Adriana Rejc Buhovac. "The case for moral pluralism and moral pragmatism in ethical decision-making." In Ethical Decision-Making in Management, 29–48. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003255604-4.

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Marques, Joan. "Five Moral Handles for Every Type of Decision-Making." In Ethical Leadership, 195–207. 1 Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315205946-10.

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Collste, Göran. "Moral Decision-Making, Narratives and Genetic Diagnostics." In Ethical Dilemmas in Prenatal Diagnosis, 167–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1396-3_13.

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Magnani, Lorenzo. "Prefiguring Ethical Chances: The Role of Moral Mediators." In Chance Discoveries in Real World Decision Making, 205–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34353-0_13.

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Sopcak, Paul, and Kevin Hood. "Building a Culture of Restorative Practice and Restorative Responses to Academic Misconduct." In Academic Integrity in Canada, 553–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83255-1_29.

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AbstractThe Universal Declaration of Human Rights’ Article 26 on education and more recently UNESCO’s “World Declaration on Higher Education for the Twenty-First Century: Mission and Action” have called for civic and ethical education alongside academic education in postsecondary settings. Many post-secondary institutions have made fostering civic responsibility, engaged citizenship, and ethical decision making in students a strategic priority. What often remains ambiguous is how these priorities translate into action. A growing body of scholarly literature and research establishes the role Restorative Practice (RP) can play in pursuing these strategic priorities surrounding moral development, emotional intelligence, and engaged citizenship. Specifically, RP has been shown to prevent conflict and misconduct, while empowering marginalized individuals. Restorative practices demonstrate fairness; and foster empathy, compassion and accountability; through experiential learning opportunities. In light of these developments, MacEwan University, in Alberta, Canada, has been actively building a restorative culture. One aspect of this endeavour was the revision of its Academic Integrity Policy and Academic Misconduct Procedures to include the possibility of alternative resolutions to academic misconduct, based on restorative practices and principles. In our chapter, we will (a) provide a brief introduction to restorative practices that makes explicit its connection to universities’ civic education mandate, integrity, and specifically, academic integrity; (b) describe the restorative practices model that is being established at MacEwan University; (c) discuss in detail the application of restorative practices to academic misconduct cases, including training of facilitators, as well as successes and challenges experienced in the first year since it became available; and, finally, (d) share feedback regarding its effectiveness received from students, staff, and faculty who participated in restorative resolutions.
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Bronstein, Janet M. "The Ethical Dimension: Moral Decision-Making About Preterm Birth." In Preterm Birth in the United States, 265–321. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32715-0_6.

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Newton, Lisa. "Some Considerations from Moral Psychology." In Ethical Decision Making: Introduction to Cases and Concepts in Ethics, 45–62. Heidelberg: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00167-8_4.

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Schwartz, Mark S., and W. Michael Hoffman. "Ethical Decision Making Surveyed Through the Lens of Moral Imagination." In The Moral Imagination of Patricia Werhane: A Festschrift, 95–120. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74292-2_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Decision making – Moral and ethical aspects"

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Padhi, Inkit, Pierre Dognin, Jesus Rios, Ronny Luss, Swapnaja Achintalwar, Matthew Riemer, Miao Liu, et al. "ComVas: Contextual Moral Values Alignment System." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/1026.

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In contemporary society, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) systems into various aspects of daily life raises significant ethical concerns. One critical aspect is to ensure that AI systems align with the moral values of the endusers. To that end, we introduce the Contextual Moral Value Alignment System, ComVas. Unlike traditional AI systems which have moral values predefined, ComVas empowers users to dynamically select and customize the desired moral values thereby guiding the system’s decision-making process. Through a user-friendly interface, individuals can specify their preferred morals, allowing the system to steer the model’s responses and actions accordingly. ComVas utilizes advanced natural language processing techniques to engage with the users in a meaningful dialogue, understanding their preferences, and reasoning about moral dilemmas in diverse contexts. This demo article showcases the functionality of ComVas, illustrating its potential to foster ethical decision-making in AI systems while respecting individual autonomy and promoting user-centric design principles.
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Mata, Liliana, Roxana maria Ghiatau, Alexandra georgiana Poenaru, and Ioana Boghian. "MODELS AND THEORIES OF UNETHICAL USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION." In eLSE 2019. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-19-018.

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The purpose of the study is to analyze the theories and models based on the exploration of ethical aspects of information technology in higher education. Based on the analysis of literature, three categories of theories have been identified in this field: general theories (the theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, the theory of James Rest), decision making models (the model of Ferrell ?i Gresham, Hunt-Vitell theory (or model) of ethics about ethical decision making in general, Person- situation interactionist model, Bommer's ethical decision-making model, the model of Jones) and information technology models (IT ethical model, the model of unethical usage of information technology, the model of ethical behaviour in computer use, digital piracy attitude model, hypothetical and actual information security compliance models). The general theories have underpinned the later developed models, which have also begun to expand on IT-based models as well. The theory of reasoned action and The theory of planned behavior are the basis for the overwhelming majority of studies on the relationship between attitude, intention and unethical versus ethical behavior. Along with these models, the theories on the stages of moral development can also be considered as they have underpinned the construction of decision models (such as the interactive model) or have provided the foundation for studies related to teachers level of moral reasoning. The result of the analysis of these models will lead to the elaboration of a comprehensive model of factors influencing the attitudes of higher education teachers towards the unethical use of information technology.
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Tassella, Marco, Rémy Chaput, and Mathieu Guillermin. "Artificial Moral Advisors: enhancing human ethical decision-making." In 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Ethics in Engineering, Science, and Technology (ETHICS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ethics57328.2023.10155026.

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Evans, William. "Attracting Audiences to Science News: Ethical and Moral Considerations." In 2016: Confronting the challenges of public participation in environmental, planning and health decision-making. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/sciencecommunication-180809-33.

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Dorantes, C. A., B. Hewitt, and T. Goles. "Ethical Decision-Making in an IT Context: The Roles of Personal Moral Philosophies and Moral Intensity." In Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2006.161.

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Sapienza, Gaetana, Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic, and Ivica Crnkovic. "Inclusion of Ethical Aspects in Multi-criteria Decision Analysis." In 2016 1st International Workshop on Decision-Making in Software Architecture (MARCH). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/march.2016.8.

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Widyarini, Ika. "The role of negative moral emotions (anger and disgust) in ethical decision making." In 8th International Conference of Asian Association of Indigenous and Cultural Psychology (ICAAIP 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icaaip-17.2018.57.

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Niforatos, Evangelos, Adam Palma, Roman Gluszny, Athanasios Vourvopoulos, and Fotis Liarokapis. "Would you do it?: Enacting Moral Dilemmas in Virtual Reality for Understanding Ethical Decision-Making." In CHI '20: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376788.

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Nurdianawati, Dina, and Riani Rachmawati. "The Effect of Moral Intensity, Ethical Decision Making, Professional Commitment, and Anticipatory Socialization on Whistleblowing Intention." In 6th Annual International Conference on Management Research (AICMaR 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200331.043.

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Wood, Kerri Lynell. "An Exploration into the Relationships of Ethical Decision Making and Moral Reasoning Among IT Specialists with Ethics Training, Education, and Ethical Leadership." In SIGMIS-CPR '19: 2019 Computers and People Research Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3322385.3322398.

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