Dissertations / Theses: 'Decision-making Logics and Capabilities'

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Macoubrie, Jane. "Decision logics in juries /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8265.

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Jiang, Guifei. "Logics for strategic reasoning and collective decision-making." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:37709.

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Strategic decision-making is ubiquitous in everyday life. The analysis of game strategies has been a research theme in game theory for several decades since von Neumann and Morgenstern. Sophisticated models and analysis tools have been developed with wide applications in Economics, Management Science, Social Science and Computer Science, especially in the field of Artificial Intelligence. However, \much of game theory is about the question whether strategic equilibria exist", as Johan van Benthem, a world-leading logician and game-theorist, points out, \but there are hardly any explicit languages for defining, comparing, or combining strategies". Without such a facility it is challenging for computer scientists to build intelligent agents that are capable of strategic decision-making. In the last twenty years, logical approaches have been proposed to tackle this problem. Pioneering work includes Game Logics, Coalition Logic and Alternating-time Temporal Logic (ATL). These logics either provide facilities for expressing and combining games or offer mechanisms for reasoning about strategic abilities of players. But none of them can solve the problem. The intrinsic difficulty in establishing such a logic is that reasoning about strategies requires combinations of temporal reasoning, counterfactual reasoning, reasoning about actions, preferences and knowledge, as well as reasoning about multi-agent interactions and coalitional abilities. More recently, a few new logical formalisms have been proposed by extending ATL with strategy variables in order to express strategies explicitly. However, most of these logics tend to have high computational complexity, because ATL introduces quantifications over strategies (functions), which leaves little hope of building any tractable inference system based on such a logic. This thesis takes up the challenge by using a bottom-up approach in order to create a balance between expressive power and computational efficiency. Instead of starting with a highly complicated logic, we propose a set of logical frameworks based on a simple and practical logical language, called Game Description Language (GDL), which has been used as an official language for General Game Playing (GGP) since 2005. To represent game strategies, we extend GDL with two binary prioritized connectives for combining actions in terms of their priorities specified by these connectives, and provide it with a semantics based on the standard state transition model. To reason about the strategic abilities of players, we further extend the framework with coalition operators from ATL for specifying the strategic abilities of players. More importantly, a unified semantics is provided for both GDL- and ATL- formulas, which allows us to verify and reason about game strategies. Interestingly, the framework can be used to formalize the fundamental game-playing principles and formally derive two well-known results on two-player games: Weak Determinacy and Zermelo's Theorem. We also show that the model-checking problem of the logic is not worse than that of ATL*, an extension of ATL. To deal with imperfect information games, we extend GDL with the standard epistemic operators and provide it with a semantics based on the epistemic state transition model. The language allows us to specify an imperfect information game and formalize its epistemic properties. Meanwhile, the framework allows us to reason about players' own as well as other players' knowledge during game playing. Most importantly, the logic has a moderate computational complexity, which makes it significantly different from similar existing frameworks. To investigate the interplay between knowledge shared by a group of players and its coalitional abilities, we provide a variant of semantics for ATL with imperfect information. The relation between knowledge sharing and coalitional abilities is investigated through the interplay of epistemic and coalition modalities. Moreover, this semantics is able to preserve the desirable properties of coalitional abilities. To deal with collective decision-making, we apply the approach of combining actions via their priorities for collective choice. We extend propositional logic with the prioritized connective for modelling reason-based individual and collective choices. Not only individual preferences but also aggregation rules can be expressed within this logic. A model-checking algorithm for this logic is thus developed to automatically generate individual and collective choices. In many real-world situations, a group making collective judgments may assign individual members or subgroups different priorities to determine the collective judgment. We design an aggregation rule based on the priorities of individuals so as to investigate how the judgment from each individual affects group judgment in a hierarchical environment. We also show that this rule satisfies a set of plausible conditions and has a tractable computational complexity.

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Jiang, Guifei. "Logics for strategic reasoning and collective decision-making." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10019/document.

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Cette thèse aborde le problème du raisonnement stratégique. Le raisonnement stratégique est un thème de recherches existant depuis e nombreuses années en théorie des jeux. Toutefois, celui-ci a le plus souvent pour objet de déterminer si des équilibres stratégiques existent sans détailler la définition en elle-même de ces stratégies. La construction d'agents artificiels capable de raisonner stratégiquement implique de se poser la question de la représentation de ces stratégies afin que les agents puissent les construire, combiner, comparer et enfin et surtout exécuter. Cette thèse propose un ensemble de logiques pour le raisonnement stratégique et la prise de décision collective. Elle établit dans un premier temps un cadre unifiée pour la définition de jeux, la représentation de stratégies et le raisonnement sur celles-ci dans le contexte des jeux à information parfaite. Ce cadre est ensuite étendu pour prendre en compte les jeux à information imparfaite. Les relations entre les connaissances de groupe, le pouvoir des coalitions ainsi que le partage d'informations dans une coalition sont ensuite étudiés. Dans un dernier temps, est introduit une logique modale permettant de de raisonner sur les choix collectifs, cette logique permet de généraliser les approches logiques existantes pour l'agrégation de jugements. La complexité de ces différents cadres logiques est aussi étudiée et nous montrons que ces différents cadres offre un équilibre pertinent entre efficacité computationnelle et pouvoir d'expression
This thesis proposes a set of logics for modelling strategic reasoning and collective decision-making. It first establishes a unified logical framework for game specifications, strategy representation and strategic reasoning in perfect information games. Based on that, it proposes an epistemic extension to address imperfect information games. To investigate the interplay of group knowledge and coalitional abilities, it further models knowledge sharing within coalitions. Finally it introduces a modal logic for collective choice and generalizes the logic-based approach to judgment aggregation. The complexity analysis of these logics indicates that these frameworks make a good balance between expressive power and computational efficiency

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Bouma, Matthew F. "Medical evacuation and treatment capabilities optimization model." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FBouma.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Moshe Kress, Matt Boensel. Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-99). Also available online.

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Boyce, John S. "Linking PPBES and the POM with capabilities." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FBoyce.pdf.

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Lubbe, Hendrik Gideon. "Intelligent automated guided vehicle (AGV) with genetic algorithm decision making capabilities." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/85.

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Thesis (M.Tech.) - Central University of Technology, Free State, 2006
The ultimate goal regarding this research was to make an intelligent learning machine, thus a new method had to be developed. This was to be made possible by creating a programme that generates another programme. By constantly changing the generated programme to improve itself, the machines are given the ability to adapt to there surroundings and, thus, learn from experience. This generated programme had to perform a specific task. For this experiment the programme was generated for a simulated PIC microcontroller aboard a simulated robot. The goal was to get the robot as close to a specific position inside a simulated maze as possible. The robot therefore had to show the ability to avoid obstacles, although only the distance to the destination was given as an indication of how well the generated programme was performing. The programme performed experiments by randomly changing a number of instructions in the current generated programme. The generated programme was evaluated by simulating the reactions of the robot. If the change to the generated programme resulted in getting the robot closer to the destination, then the changed generated programme was kept for future use. If the change resulted in a less desired reaction, then the newly generated programme was removed and the unchanged programme was kept for future use. This process was repeated for a total of one hundred thousand times before the generated program was considered valid. Because there was a very slim chance that the instruction chosen will be advantageous to the programme, it will take many changes to get the desired instruction and, thus, the desired result. After each change an evaluation was made through simulation. The amount of necessary changes to the programme is greatly reduced by giving seemingly desirable instructions a higher chance of being chosen than the other seemingly unsatisfactory instructions. Due to the extensive use of the random function in this experiment, the results differ from one another. To overcome this barrier, many individual programmes had to be generated by simulating and changing an instruction in the generated programme a hundred thousand times. This method was compared against Genetic Algorithms, which were used to generate a programme for the same simulated robot. The new method made the robot adapt much faster to its surroundings than the Genetic Algorithms. A physical robot, similar to the virtual one, was build to prove that the programmes generated could be used on a physical robot. There were quite a number of differences between the generated programmes and the way in which a human would generally construct the programme. Therefore, this method not only gives programmers a new perspective, but could also possibly do what human programmers have not been able to achieve in the past.

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Kullenda, Kuben. "Enabling firm performance through data driven decision making in maintenance management : a dynamic capabilities view." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79594.

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Maintenance management is seen as a “necessary evil”, rather than a profit contributing resource that could intensify competitive advantage for the organisation. With the world facing the fourth industrial revolution, a radical increase in the reshaping of companies and competition within asset intensive industries is being observed. Organisations in these industries are being forced to rethink traditional ways of working and gearing the workforce with higher and more diversified competency profiles. This suggests that the traditional way of executing maintenance management, being predominantly reactive with the lack of data driven decision making, is certainly inadequate for a sustainable competitive advantage. An improved way of managing maintenance should be through developing and applying dynamic capabilities within the maintenance domain of the organisation. This research draws on theories of dynamic capabilities (DC), decision making performance (DMP), business process performance (BPP) and firm performance (Fper), in the context of data driven decision making in organisations heavily reliant on good maintenance management practices. The aim of this study was to explore and understand the relationships between these constructs, for insight into further improvement and development of a competitive advantage. The findings presented a statistically significant relationship between DC and Fper, DC and BPP, DC and DMP, but most importantly, a multiple full indirect mediation role was observed, which provides insights for both business and for further studies in academia.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
pt2021
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
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Sanssoucie, Kim Clare. "Critical resources and capabilities of sustainable entrepreneurial orientation and its linkage to strategic decision-making." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75273.

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Multiple strategic orientations are management philosophies and practices that assist organisations with internal preparation for quicker responses to external environmental changes. An organisations ability to integrate and foster a Sustainable Entrepreneurial Orientation (SEO) into their business strategies, organisational routines, culture and leadership values is yet to be studied. In view of this, this study responds to this unique research gap through exploring the critical resources and capabilities which enable organisations to intentionally foster SEO and identifying its linkage to strategic decision-making. Establishing which organisational components have considerable influence on SEO will enable organisations to recognise opportunities and constraints of their internal contexts and better equip themselves to enact sustainability and innovation focused activities in response to the grand economic, social and ecological challenges facing society and business. The choice of methodology is qualitative research which used one-on-one in-depth interviews with interview respondents in an emerging market context (South Africa) and a developed market context (Italy) which triangulated the data of this phenomenon. The results indicated that intangible, human-centred resources such as leadership, culture and human capital are the most critical resources for SEO to be fostered which must work systemically in combination with each other and through strategic decision-making organisations can gain competitive advantage, firm performance, new resources and capabilities and a continued licence to operate in society. Market context affects this relationship. The study generated the Integrated Sustainable Entrepreneurial Strategy (ISES) Model which can be used by strategic managers and executives to foster SEO within their organisations.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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Rowe, Elizabeth A. "Life-saving and life-changing: The decision-making processes of people seeking asylum." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/116152/2/Elizabeth_Rowe_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examines the decision-making processes of people seeking asylum in Australia, using semi-structured interviews with two participant groups: asylum seekers and service providers. This research demonstrates that asylum seekers have multiple and interconnected reasons and aspirations underpinning their migration decisions. Asylum seekers' experiences, and the decisions they make, are more complex than individuals responding to only undesirable factors in their home country and desirable factors in destination countries. The asylum seekers were making decisions to fulfil their migration aspirations. Seeking a safe place in which it would be possible to build a better life is the priority.

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Işik, Öykü. "Business Intelligence Success: An Empirical Evaluation of the Role of BI Capabilities and the Decision Environment." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30472/.

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Since the concept of business intelligence (BI) was introduced in the late 1980s, many organizations have implemented BI to improve performance but not all BI initiatives have been successful. Practitioners and academicians have discussed the reasons for success and failure, yet, a consistent picture about how to achieve BI success has not yet emerged. The purpose of this dissertation is to help fill the gap in research and provide a better understanding of BI success by examining the impact of BI capabilities on BI success, in the presence of different decision environments. The decision environment is a composition of the decision types and the way the required information is processed to aid in decision making. BI capabilities are defined as critical functionalities that help an organization improve its performance, and they are examined in terms of organizational and technological capabilities. An online survey is used to obtain the data and partial least squares path modeling (PLS) is used for analysis. The results of this dissertation suggest that all technological capabilities as well as one of the organizational capabilities, flexibility, significantly impact BI success. Results also indicate that the moderating effect of decision environment is significant for quantitative data quality. These findings provide richer insight in the role of the decision environment in BI success and a framework with which future research on the relationship between BI capabilities and BI success can be conducted. Findings may also contribute to practice by presenting information for managers and users of BI to consider about their decision environment in assessing BI success.

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Yanar, Tahsin Alp. "The Enhancement Of The Cell-based Gis Analyses With Fuzzy Processing Capabilities." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1223304/index.pdf.

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In order to store and process natural phenomena in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) it is necessary to model the real world to form computational representation. Since classical set theory is used in conventional GIS software systems to model uncertain real world, the natural variability in the environmental phenomena can not be modeled appropriately. Because, pervasive imprecision of the real world is unavoidably reduced to artificially precise spatial entities when the conventional crisp logic is used for modeling. An alternative approach is the fuzzy set theory, which provides a formal framework to represent and reason with uncertain information. In addition, linguistic variable concept in a fuzzy logic system is useful for communicating concepts and knowledge with human beings. In this thesis, a system to enhance commercial GIS software, namely ArcGIS, with fuzzy set theory is designed and implemented. The proposed system allows users to (a) incorporate human knowledge and experience in the form of linguistically defined variables into GIS-based spatial analyses, (b) handle impreiii cision in the decision-making processes, and (c) approximate complex ill-defined problems in decision-making processes and classification. The operation of the proposed system is presented through case studies, which demonstrate its application for classification and decision-making processes. This thesis shows how fuzzy logic approach may contribute to a better representation and reasoning with imprecise concepts, which are inherent characteristics of geographic data stored and processed in GIS.

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Haider, Haider A. "Normative Orders in the Coast Guard Response to Melting Arctic Ice: Institutional Logics or Anchoring Concepts." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77866.

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Underlying institutional forms are normative orders which give meaning to rules, norms, practices and customs. It is only recently that scholars have seriously considered the role of normative orders in institutional dynamics. Two meta-theories of institutionalism offer competing visions of how these normative orders are invoked. The Institutional Logics Perspective calls normative orders “institutional logics” and suggest that they are invoked in a consistent stable fashion. The Pragmatist Institutionalism approach calls normative orders “anchoring concepts” and suggests that they are used in less predictable ways to produce meaning. This study introduces the concept of fidelity to capture the difference between these two approaches and test which approach may offer a more accurate account of how normative orders are invoked in practice. The study uses the case of the USCG response to melting Arctic ice to study this issue by focusing on the two most dominant normative orders of American government. The study relies on interviews conducted with USCG personnel dealing with the agency’s response to melting Artic Ice. The data is then analyzed through a narrative analysis framework. The study finds that normative orders are invoked, in this case, in a manner more closely aligned with Pragmatist Institutionalism. This finding has implications for how administrative judgement is understood especially with respect to public agencies.
Ph. D.

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Rodriguez, Carreon Vivianna. "Empowerment Formation: women’s agency for participation in decision making within the poverty and conflict context case of rural Peru." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11500.

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The focus of this thesis is on the relationship of influences between the individual’s agency and the empirical knowledge of the world within a process of experiencing empowerment. The empowerment formation is the dynamic of the agency transformation where the perceptions of all the affecting forces internally and externally are recognised. The broader context is based on the understanding of the human development and human security approach in order to focus on the centre of the society, the matter of human well-being. The case study chosen for analysis is the rural area in Peru where women’s agency is seen as constrained by the oppression of poverty and repression of conflict. Yet, at the same time these rural women have developed their agency for participation in decision-making in their search for truth and justice. The process of the empowerment formation is explained in terms of the dynamic between agencies: passive agency, survival agency, active agency and conscient (conscious) agency. This thesis is searching for an understanding of how rural women’s agency has been held back from participation in formal decision-making and the approaches are drawn in a case study, the rural women in Peru, in particular quechuans living in the highlands. This thesis is not a conclusive process leading to the solution of the problem found in the thesis, but is intended to highlight the obstacles constantly forming, evolving and transforming the agency for the empowerment formation of rural women living in poverty and conflict. This thesis argues that a hologram perception in which can be seen the wholeness of the agency’s experience permits the interpretation of the disconnections that are formed and which contribute to what extent and why rural women’s empowerment is withheld. As there could be different reasons why women were disadvantaged, it is found here that the answer could lie in each human’s freedom and their relationship with their perceived reality. The analysis of freedom to enhance women’s agency is based on human capabilities which are understood as the environment that enables the ‘doing’ and ‘being’ of any human to develop what they value and have a reason to value within ethical purposes. The lack of freedom in women’s agency triggered by the traumatic experiences while living under inhuman conditions requires consciousness in order for women to come to terms with their reality. The thesis concludes that the development of agency in the empowerment formation needs consciousness capabilities, a mechanism to permit the empowerment formation of the rural women living in poverty and in the aftermath of conflict.

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Ngoye, Benard Blastus Otieno. "An Institutional Logics Perspective on the Implementation of Performance Measurement Systems in the Public Sector." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665035.

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L'objecte d'estudi d’aquesta tesi doctoral són les relacions entre les lògiques institucionals i les decisions i pràctiques de mesurament del rendiment dins el context del sector públic. Es presenta com un compendi de tres estudis o treballs de recerca. El primer estudi revisa la literatura existent sobre la lògica institucional i sobre el mesurament de l'acompliment en el sector públic. El mesurament de l'acompliment el concebem com una presa de decisions, i ens basem en la teoria de la lògica institucional com a font complementària d'explicació de les variacions observades en la implementació de sistemes de mesurament de l'acompliment (performance measurement systems o PMS). A partir dels estudis analitzats, presentem un model que il·lustra les relacions recursives entre la lògica institucional i cadascuna de les fases del procés de decisió en el mesurament de l'acompliment. El segon estudi contrasta, des del punt de vista empíric, la hipòtesi que les lògiques institucionals actuen com a marcs de referència per als actors d'una organització, que influeixen en la manera com els actors perceben les situacions ambigües. Des del context de la psicologia cognitiva, es fa un disseny experimental en el qual “es prioritzen” tres lògiques institucionals. Els resultats de l'experiment proporcionen dades empíriques que avalen la influència de la lògica institucional en la percepció i el judici. El tercer estudi es fonamenta en el segon, ja que analitza la influència de la lògica institucional en la percepció i el judici, en el context de l'ús d'un sistema de mesurament de l'acompliment. Les conclusions no tan sols donen suport a la influència de la lògica institucional en les preferències d'acompliment-ús del sector públic, sinó que també mostren diferents graus de solapament entre la lògica institucional i el seu suport a diferents usos de PMS. En conjunt, aquests tres estudis són un intent d’entendre millor la influència dels marcs cognitius –concretament, de la lògica institucional– en la implementació d’un sistema de mesurament de l’acompliment en el sector públic.
El objeto de estudio de esta tesis doctoral son las relaciones entre las lógicas institucionales y las decisiones y prácticas de medición del rendimiento en el contexto del sector público. Se presenta como un compendio de tres estudios o trabajos de investigación. El primer estudio revisa la literatura existente sobre la lógica institucional y sobre la medición del desempeño en el sector público. Concebimos la medición del desempeño como una toma de decisiones y nos basamos en la teoría de la lógica institucional como fuente complementaria de explicación de las variaciones observadas en la implementación de sistemas de medición del desempeño (performance measurement systems o PMS). A partir de los estudios analizados, se presenta un modelo que ilustra las relaciones recursivas entre la lógica institucional y cada una de las fases del proceso de decisión en la medición del desempeño. El segundo estudio contrasta empíricamente la hipótesis de que las lógicas institucionales actúan como marcos de referencia para los actores de una organización, influyendo en la forma en que los actores perciben las situaciones ambiguas. Bajo el contexto de la psicología cognitiva, se lleva a cabo un diseño experimental en el cual se “priman” tres lógicas institucionales. Los resultados del experimento proporcionan datos empíricos que avalan la influencia de la lógica institucional en la percepción y el juicio. El tercer estudio se fundamenta en el segundo, pues analiza la influencia de la lógica institucional en la percepción y el juicio, en el contexto del uso de un sistema de medición del desempeño. Las conclusiones no solo respaldan la influencia de la lógica institucional en las preferencias de desempeño-uso del sector público, sino que también muestran distintos grados de solapamiento entre la lógica institucional y su apoyo a distintos usos de PMS. En conjunto, estos tres estudios constituyen una tentativa para entender mejor la influencia de los marcos cognitivos –en concreto, la lógica institucional– en la implementación de un sistema de medición del desempeño en el sector público.
This PhD dissertation focuses on the relationship between institutional logics and performance measurement decisions and practices within the public sector. The dissertation is organized as a compendium of three research papers or studies. Consequently, in study one, we review the literature on institutional logics and performance measurement in the public sector. We conceptualize performance measurement as decision-making and draw on the theory of institutional logics as a complementary source to explain observed variations in performance measurement system (PMS) implementation in public sector organizations. Furthermore, we define a model that illustrates the recursive relationships between institutional logics and each phase of the performance measurement decision-making process. In study two, we test the assumption that institutional logics act as reference frameworks for organizational actors and that they influence how organizational actors perceive ambiguous situations. Thus, we draw on insights from cognitive psychology to prime three unique institutional logics in an experimental design setting. We then provide empirical evidence on the influence that institutional logics have on perception and judgment. The third study builds on the second by exploring the influence of institutional logics on perception and judgment within the context of performance measurement system use in the public sector. Our findings not only provide evidence of the influence that institutional logics have on public sector performance-use preferences; they also show degrees of overlap between institutional logics and their influence on the use of various PMS. Altogether, the three studies in this dissertation represent tentative steps towards a better understanding of the influence that cognitive frameworks and institutional logics, specifically, have on PMS implementation in the public sector.

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Enlund, Tobias, and Christoffer Lorentsson. "Balancing Organizational Capabilities : A case study on how an innovation hub enables startups to balance exploration and exploitation capabilities." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172308.

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The world is changing. With more complex products and services available, shortened life cycles, and shifts in customers behavior due to the increased availability of information, companies needs to explore new capabilities and organizational practices to effectively preserve a competitive advantage through new innovations. A competitive advantage is said to be difficult to create and sustain in today’s markets. Many startups and corporates, are therefore, changing their innovation processes from a traditional linear process to more of an open process. Many scholars have studied this phenomenon from a corporate perspective, leaving a gap in existing literature on how startups are contributing with their innovative and entrepreneurial mindset to the context of open innovation. It is visible that startups are possessing an extensive amount of exploration capabilities, while lacking capabilities related to exploitation. Finding a balance between exploration and exploitation capabilities is an issue for startups due to its limitations of resources. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to distinguish how an innovation hub enables startups with balancing exploration and exploitation capabilities. For this study, the innovation hub of our choosing is Ignite. Based on the literature review and the identified research gaps, the following research question has been formulated to investigate the phenomenon of balancing organizational capabilities from a startup perspective: RQ: How can an innovation hub help startups find a balance between exploration and exploitation capabilities? To properly answer the research question, the chosen research approach was selected as a qualitative research method. The empirical findings were gathered from 11 semi-structured interviews, where nine interviews have been with managers from startups active in Ignite and two interviews with team members from Ignite. In addition to the empirical findings, we developed a proposed framework that explains the whole process of startups being active in Ignite from pre-intervention, addressing challenges related to startups and the reasons why they should engage in being active in an innovation hub, to post-intervention, addressing the possible outcomes received by being active in Ignite. To conclude, this thesis contributes with an understanding on how startups may use a third party, such as Ignite, to get help with the balancing act of exploration and exploitation capabilities. The findings show that the third party is helping the startups with balancing their organizational capabilities in an indirect way. This is done through Ignite’s accurate matchmaking process and their deep understanding about which capabilities the big corporations are looking for, which Ignite gathers from a needs analysis together with the big corporation. From this thesis, startups as well as big corporations, will understand the importance of involving a third party for the purpose of creating and sustaining a competitive advantage by balancing their exploration and exploitation capabilities.

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Moquist, Sundh Ellinor. "Are HiPPOs losing power in organizational decision-making? : An exploratory study on the adoption of Big Data Analytics." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44556.

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Background: In the past decades, big data (BD) has become a buzzword which is associated with the opportunities of gaining competitive advantage and enhanced business performance. However, data in a vacuum is not valuable, but its value can be harnessed when used to drive decision-making. Consequently, big data analytics (BDA) is required to generate insights from BD. Nevertheless, many companies are struggling in adopting BDA and creating value. Namely, organizations need to deal with the hard work necessary to benefit from the analytics initiatives. Therefore, businesses need to understand how they can effectively manage the adoption of BDA to reach decision-making quality. The study answers the following research questions: What factors could influence the adoption of BDA in decision-making? How can the adoption of BDA affect the quality of decision-making? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the opportunities and challenges of adopting big data analytics in organizational decision-making. Method: Data is collected through interviews based on a theoretical framework. The empirical findings are deductively and inductively analysed to answer the research questions. Conclusion: To harness value from BDA, companies need to deal with several challenges and develop capabilities, leading to decision-maker quality. The major challenges of BDA adoption are talent management, leadership focus, organizational culture, technology management, regulation compliance and strategy alignment. Companies should aim to develop capabilities regarding: knowledge exchange, collaboration, process integration, routinization, flexible infrastructure, big data source quality and decision maker quality. Potential opportunities generated from the adoption of BDA, leading to improved decision-making quality, are: automated decision-making, predictive analytics and more confident decision makers.

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Simpson, Nicholas Philip. "A capabilities approach to environmental assessment: enhancing the integration of human development and well-being in participatory environmental decision making." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23026.

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Building on the work of Martha Nussbaum and Amartya Sen, this research aims to enhance integration of human development and well-being in environmental assessment through developing a capabilities approach to the practice. The research emphasises the effectiveness and equity imperatives of public participation and highlights the inclusion of appropriate social considerations in environmental decision making. The participatory focus emphasises the potential for decision shaping by stakeholders and decision support for stakeholders to participate meaningfully in environmental assessment. The research develops an evaluative framework for public participation that better considers the capabilities of stakeholders. It explores the potential consilience of the capabilities approach and that of environmental assessment, with emphasis on the principles of justice in participatory decision making. A mixed methods approach explores, tests and evaluates a selection of five South African environmental assessment case studies using an applied capabilities framework. Four main methods are employed, a discourse analysis of environmental assessment reports, a conventional Q methodology, an adapted ranking Q methodology, and a survey using Likert scales. The research findings highlight the relationship between the stakeholder's capability considerations that relate to aspects of their 'ability', 'opportunity' and 'constraints' to participation. The research ranks an array of capabilities and provides insight into the types of capabilities stakeholders value highly when reflecting on their participation experience in environmental decision making. Reflecting on the emergent findings from the cases, the research contributes to the praxis of environmental assessment through theoretical development. The theoretical framework focuses on an individual's participation capabilities as well as a broader consideration of capabilities for practice to increase the realizable opportunities, or freedoms, to choose the kinds of environmental futures that can reasonably be considered as valuable and sustainable. Capability concepts of 'ceilings', 'thresholds' and 'capability sufficiency' are commended as supplementary to existing practice specifications of 'meaningful' participation. The research commends that the capabilities approach has potential to be included as a core part of the training for assessment practitioners. It also concludes that the field of environmental assessment provides a rich empirical context for the development of a more robust sustainability-orientated capabilities approach.

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Caudle, Sharon L. "Homeland security and capabilities-based planning : improving national preparedness." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FCaudle.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): C.J. LaCivita, Kathryn E. Newcomer. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-94). Also available online.

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Walker, Alice Jessica. "Procedural Rationality as a Means for Evidence-Based Management in Conflicted Decision-Making: A Mixed-Methods Study." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1427835243.

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Chand, Roslyn. "Effective Strategies for Venture Capital Evaluations of Organizations' Drug Development Capabilities." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4779.

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Undercapitalization is a major impediment for the growth and survival of Canadian life sciences firms. Proficient management teams are the 'sine qua non' criteria in the venture capital decision-making processes. The purpose of this multicase study was to explore strategies successful venture capitalists use to improve their evaluation processes of life sciences management teams' drug development capabilities. The conceptual framework for this study was based on business process management. The purposeful sample consisted of 10 venture capitalists located in the United States and Canada who had expertise evaluating life sciences management teams. The data were triangulated from semistructured interviews, annual reports, company websites, and articles. Collected data were coded to identify underlying themes. Several themes emerged from the analysis process: begin with the exit in mind, collapse learning timelines, conduct systematic due diligence, and cultivate and critique one's drug development expertise. The findings may provide venture capitalists and other investors such as angel investors with a refined framework for improving investment decisions. Life sciences management teams may also attract more private equity financing by understanding the vicissitudes of investor expectations. Increased investment and venture capital support for life sciences companies may revitalize the development of new therapies and effect social change by improving patient lives and investment outcomes.

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Soltani, Shahsanami Sara, and Emelie Vickers. "Collegiality and the interplay between modes of governance." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448334.

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As an under-researched form of coordination and control, little is known of how collegiality is practiced, especially in for-profit firms. Our thesis has sought to address this research gap by interviewing professionals from two fields which are recognized as collegial, namely lawyers and architects. Our aim was to depict how for-profit firms coordinate and control using collegiality in relation to the traditional modes of governance of bureaucracy and management. We do this by utilizing the concept of institutional logics which focuses on field-level meaning systems and how actors use these systems of values, beliefs and expectations to make sense of their institutional environment. We could observe a clear coexistence of all three modes of governance. Our respondents indicated an awareness of the different logics and demonstrated an understanding of which governance mode was called for in which situation. This interplay was highly contextual and contingent on each situation's institutional demands and expectations. Collegial values were keenly advocated, yet work tasks that were legalized were also bureaucratized. The coexistence of fundamentally contradictory governance modes did not however appear to meet much internal resistance and seemed to rather function peacefully with wide employee acceptance.

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Helmér, Henrik. "Närbyråkraters individuella handlingsutrymme : Lärares handlingslogiker vid myndighetsutövning i form av bedömning och betygsättning." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166307.

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The point of departure for this study is Michael Lipsky’s description and problematization of street-level bureaucrats’ discretion. Street-level bureaucrats, such as teachers, have a possibility to influence the implementation of policy at the point of delivery to citizens.This can create a problem within the democratic policy process as policy does not materialize in the way that politicians intended. I used a qualitative research design and interviewed ten teachers in upper secondary schools about their exercise of authority, in order to investigate a factor that may lead to policy-making: logics of action. I claim that logics of action are suitable tools for analyzing and discussing the policy-making that street-level bureaucrats perform in the democratic policy process. The main purpose of this study is to contribute to such a discussion. A second purpose is to elucidate logics of action as a type of factors that guides teachers’ exercise of authority, but which has not been noticed to any great extent in previous research. I investigated which logics of action are mainly present in teachers’ exercise of authority concerning assessment and grading: a logic of consequences or a logic of appropriateness; a manufacturing logic or a service logic; and an instrumental logic or alternative logics. The relationship between logics of consequences and appropriateness is complex. It is difficult to say that one logic is the dominant force behind teachers’ exercise of authority. This is because of the constantly changing circumstances in the school environment. As for the manufacturing and service logics, the latter is dominant in assessment and grading. This does not influence decision-making as such, but enriches policy with a certain value production. Lastly, teachers claim that they instrumentally follow the guidelines in their exercise of authority. But at the same time alternative logics, such as gaming and cheating with the rules, are very much present in assessment and grading. Alternative logics distort teachers’ decision-making in several ways. These results show that logics of action are indeed tools that can help us to better understand what influences street-level bureaucrats’ exercise of authority, and how this contributes to policy-making. I conclude by suggesting how the use of logics of action as analytical tools can enhance our knowledge of street-level bureaucrats’ discretion in future research.

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Denadija, Feda, and David Löfgren. "Revealing the Non-technical Side of Big Data Analytics : Evidence from Born analyticals and Big intelligent firms." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-298137.

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This study aspired to gain a more a nuanced understanding of the emerging analytics technologies and the vital capabilities that ultimately drive evidence-based decision making. Big data technology is widely discussed by varying groups in society and believed to revolutionize corporate decision making. In spite of big data's promising possibilities only a trivial fraction of firms deploying big data analytics (BDA) have gained significant benefits from their initiatives. Trying to explain this inability we leaned back on prior IT literature suggesting that IT resources can only be successfully deployed when combined with organizational capabilities. We identified key theoretical components at an organizational, relational, and human level. The data collection included 20 interviews with decision makers and data scientist from four analytical leaders. Early on we distinguished the companies into two categories based on their empirical characteristics. The terms “Born analyticals” and “Big intelligent firms” were coined. The analysis concluded that social, non-technical elements play a crucial role in building BDA abilities. These capabilities differ among companies but can still enable BDA in different ways, indicating that organizations´ history and context seem to influence how firms deploy capabilities. Some capabilities have proven to be more important than others. The individual mindset towards data is seemingly the most determining capability in building BDA ability. Varying mindsets foster different BDA-environments in which other capabilities behave accordingly. Born analyticals seemed to display an environment benefitting evidence based decisions.

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Lavoie, João Ricardo. "A Scoring Model to Assess Organizations' Technology Transfer Capabilities: the Case of a Power Utility in the Northwest USA." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4995.

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This research intends to advance knowledge in the technology management field, most importantly in the study of organizations that develop technologies in-house and wish to enhance their technology transfer performance while maintaining adherence between R&D activities and overall business strategies. The objective was to build a multi-criteria decision-making model capable of producing a technology transfer score, which can be used by practitioners in order to assess and later improve their organizations' technology transfer capabilities -- ultimately aiming to improve technology development as a whole. The model was applied to a major power utility organization in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The introduction brings initial and basic information on the topic, along with the problem statement -- this chapter is aimed at situating the reader on the boundaries of the topic while highlighting its importance within the technology management field of study. The second chapter is the literature review. It brings general and specific information on technology transfer, as well as its complexities, gaps, relationship with other fields and the characteristics of this topic within the energy realm. It also tries to shed a light on how the alignment between R&D and business strategy is perceived by the literature, discussing some of the methods used and its shortcomings. Additionally, the literature review brings an analysis that builds the argument in favor of a continuous technology transfer process, and tries to show how it would be helpful in aligning R&D and business strategy. The third chapter presents the methodological approach -- hierarchical decision modeling (HDM) aided by action research -- which constitutes a methodological novelty piloted and validated throughout the development of the study. The fourth chapter details the model development process step-by-step, and the fifth chapter details the model application process with the analysis of the aforementioned organization. Additionally, results are interpreted and analyzed, and insights for the specific case and for technology managers in general are discussed. Lastly, the contributions of the study towards the advancement of the body of knowledge are discussed, as well as the study limitations and future research opportunities.

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Enlund, Elin, and Jennie Nilsson. "Sustainable Decision-Making in the Fashion Industry : How to influence the fashion industry to adopt more sustainable packaging solutions." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296518.

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Today, the fashion industry is responsible for 4 per cent of the global greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere and 20-35 per cent of the microplastics in the ocean. It is thereby a highly debated industry when it comes to environmental sustainability. Different actors in the sector are stressing how reducing the ecological impact of the business is a matter of staying competitive forward. Many actors in the industry are trying to change towards reducing its effects on the environment. Still, complex global supply chains and business models such as ‘fast fashion’, i.e. fashion produced under short cycles, make it difficult. For an industry that wants to reduce its impacts on the environment, including a worldwide complex supply chain, and customer demand for ecommerce is increasing every day, adopting sustainable decision packaging suctions is essential. Our research shows that the investigated companies have prioritised sustainability aspects for their garments; however, sustainability focus on packaging can sometimes fall behind, and external guidance is sometimes needed. This research will investigate how an incumbent packaging firm can influence its customers in the fashion industry to make more sustainable decisions regarding packaging. It will be done by a digital platform that performs lifecycle assessments (LCA) in the early stage of the development process. Our research will investigate how this platform can create maximum value for its customers in the fashion industry. Hence, this research includes interviews with and reviews of actors in the industry to explore what drives and institutional logics (parameters) affect how different actors in the fashion industry are approaching sustainability today. Findings show that there exist drivers and institutional logics in these company cases. The most extensive drivers are standards and regulations, consumer awareness, competitive advantage and top management. The study further suggests that larger actors seem to be more affected by external factors such as standards and regulations and public pressure. Smaller actors seem to be more affected by internal drivers, such as top management and originality. This research proposes that some influential institutional logics affect how companies are approaching sustainability. The results reveal that companies with prices in the mid-market segment, headquarter location in Europe, product type sportswear, and high revenue are working more than other actors in the industry when it comes to sustainability today. During this research, it was possible to see that some barriers exist to become more sustainable. These include uncertainty and lack of knowledge, lack of transparency, increased costs, complex supply chain, packaging being less prioritised in working with sustainability, the functionality of sustainable packaging being rarely something that could be compromised. After the data collection, conclusions regarding the platform’s ability to influence customers in the fashion industry to make more sustainable decisions regarding their packaging solutions could be made. These include that the platform should be transparent, the magnitude of data, and well incorporated in the upcoming sales- and design process. However, it is shown that using LCA in a platform like this is helpful as a guiding tool and as a first initial conversation when developing a product. Further earlier scholars agree that sustainability aspects should be included in such an early stage as possible in the development process to ensure the most sustainable product during its lifetime possible. Furthermore, those companies without any person responsible for sustainable packaging or key performance indicators (KPIs) focusing on this specific area might be more interested in such a platform. This study will contribute to research by serving as a foundation for other actors looking into the possibilities of implementing a platform to guide and influence their customers to make more sustainable decisions, indicating what functional applications should be included and whatcustomers to target in such platform. Further research should investigate this topic on a broader scale, looking into a more extensive and more diverse sample and a possible application of this study in other industries.
Modeindustrin står idag för 4 procent av de globala utsläppen av växthusgaser i atmosfären och 20–35 procent av mikroplaster i haven. Det är därför en högt debatterad bransch när det kommer till just hållbarhet. Flera aktörer i sektorn, trycker på att företag i branschen måste förändras för att kunna vara konkurrenskraftig framåt. Därför arbetar många företag just nu med att reducera sitt klimatavtryck. Trots det, har branschen ofta en global och komplex leverantörskedja med affärsmodeller som inkluderar vad som på engelska benämns ’fast fashion’, mode som produceras under korta cykler, vilket gör det svårt för företag inom branschen att verkligen bli hållbara. Modeindustrin har många gånger viljan och intentionerna att minska sin klimat påverkan, men tillsammans med en komplex leverantörskedja och ökad efterfrågan på e-handel, är det extra viktigt att kunna ta hållbara beslut när det gäller förpackningar. Denna studie visar att de undersökta företagen i modeindustrin har prioriterat arbetet med hållbarhet främst i delar som tillhör produktionen av kläder. Emellertid kan hållbarhetsfokuset gällande förpackningar falla i skymundan, då kan en extern konsultering vara till hjälp. I denna studie kommer vi att undersöka hur ett etablerat företag inom pappersförpackningsindustrin kan uppmuntra och influera sina kunder inom modeindustrin att ta mer hållbara beslut gällande förpackningar. Det kommer att göras möjligt genom en digital plattform som erbjuder livscykelanalys (LCA) i en tidig del av produktutvecklingsprocessen. Vår studie kommer vidare att undersöka hur denna plattform kan skapa maximalt värde för dess användare. Därför innehåller denna studie intervjuer med, och undersökning av, företag i modeindustrin för att kunna förstå vad som driver dem till att vara mer hållbara samt vilka institutionella parametrar som påverkar hur hållbara olika företag i branschen är. Resultatet visar att det finns drivkrafter och institutionella parametrar när det kommer tillhållbarhet hos dessa företag. De funna drivkrafterna är standarder och regelverk, konsumentmedvetenhet, konkurrenskraft, offentliga påtryckningar, företagsledning, originalitet och övriga externa intressenter, så som aktieägare och kundinflytande. Studien antyder vidare att större aktörer verkar vara mer påverkade av externa faktorer som standarder och regelverk och offentliga påtryckningar. Medan mindre aktörer verkar vara mer påverkade av interna drivkrafter, såsom företagsledning och originalitet. Denna forskning föreslår att det finns vissa inflytelserika parametrar som påverkar hur företag arbetar med hållbarhet. Resultatet visar att företag med priser i mellansegmentet, med huvudkontor i Europa, med sportkläder och med hög omsättning arbetar mer med hållbarhet än andra aktörer i branschen. Det visade sig även under denna studie att det finns vissa hinder för företag att vara mer hållbara. Dessa inkluderar osäkerhet och brist på kunskap, brist på transparens, ökade kostnader, komplex leverantörskedja, att förpackningar är mindre prioriterat i hållbarhetsarbetet samt att funktionalitet av förpackningar sällan är något som kan tummas på. Efter datainsamlingen kunde slutsatser om plattformens förmåga att influera kunder inom modebranschen att fatta mer hållbara beslut om deras förpackningslösningar göras. Dessa inkluderar att plattformen ska vara transparent, inneha stor mängd data av produktbibliotektet och vara väl införlivad i den kommande försäljnings- och designprocessen. Det visades dock att användning av LCA i en sådan plattform är främst till hjälp som ett vägledande verktyg och vid ett första inledande samtal vid produktutvecklingen. Vidare, är tidigare forskning överens om att hållbarhetsaspekter bör ingå i ett så tidigt skede som möjligt i utvecklingsprocessen för att säkerställa en så hållbar produkt som möjligt under hela dess livstid. Dessutom kan de företag som saknar en profession som är ansvarig för hållbara förpackningar eller saknar nyckeltal (KPI) som fokuserar på detta specifika område vara mer intresserade av en sådan plattform. Denna studie bidrar till forskningen genom att fungera som en god grund för andra organisationer som ser på möjligheterna med att implementera en plattform för att vägleda och uppmuntra sina kunder att fatta mer hållbara beslut, vilket visar vilka funktionella applikationer som ska inkluderas och vilka kunder att rikta in sig på en sådan plattform. Ytterligare forskning bör undersöka detta ämne i bredare skala, undersöka ett mer omfattande och mer varierande urval och en eventuell applicering av studien inom andra branscher.

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Dixon, Sally. "Managing the Master Planning Process: How do airport managers incorporate stakeholder contribution in their final master plans?" Thesis, Cranfield University, 2014. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/9330.

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This research seeks to connect the philosophical focus of the agency-structure debate with the practice of management through a comparative study of organisational decision-making in situations involving stakeholder consultation. Set in the context of decision-making following an airport master plan consultation, the study considers how the stakeholder framework can be integrated within institutional theory using institutional logics as a theoretical link between these two literatures. This thesis, which adopts a critical realist perspective, takes a comparative case approach of four airports, each owned in different ways. Interviews with airport managers are supplemented by discussions with stakeholders and industry experts. Two sets of a priori themes were identified from the literature. The first focuses on the institutional logics prevailing in the field and their influence on managers as they make decisions. The second considers four decision-making strategies managers might employ in this situation. Findings centre on the causal powers acting upon airport managers as they make their decisions. Whilst normative isomorphic pressure enables stakeholder consultation, the coercive pressure on the decision-making process deriving from English planning law, the adversarial and oscillating nature of Central Government policy, and a mimetic response to the nature of local authority development plans constrain the actions of airport managers. Indeed, the current bureaucratic form of capitalism limits stakeholder contribution to final master plans. This research makes four main contributions: Firstly, reflecting upon the agency-structure debate from a critical realist perspective has facilitated development of a model integrating the stakeholder framework within institutional theory. Secondly, it improves our understanding of how stakeholder contribution is managed in master planning. Thirdly, the study adds to the growing body of work that employs a critical realist perspective. Lastly, since reconciling conflicting stakeholder opinions may well be of vital importance to the future of the UK’s airport infrastructure, this work has practical significance for airport managers, government policy-makers and stakeholders as they strive to formulate worthwhile airport consultations.

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Barange, Mukesh. "Task-oriented communicative capabilities of agents in collaborative virtual environments for training." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0013/document.

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Les besoins croissants en formation et en entrainement au travail d’équipe ont motivé l’utilisationd’Environnements de réalité Virtuelle Collaboratifs de Formation (EVCF) qui permettent aux utilisateurs de travailler avec des agents autonomes pour réaliser une activité collective. L’idée directrice est que la coordination efficace entre les membres d’une équipe améliore la productivité et réduit les erreurs individuelles et collectives. Cette thèse traite de la mise en place et du maintien de la coordination au sein d’une équipe de travail composée d’agents et d’humains interagissant dans un EVCF.L’objectif de ces recherches est de doter les agents virtuels de comportements conversationnels permettant la coopération entre agents et avec l’utilisateur dans le but de réaliser un but commun.Nous proposons une architecture d’agents Collaboratifs et Conversationnels, dérivée de l’architecture Belief-Desire-Intention (C2-BDI), qui gère uniformément les comportements délibératifs et conversationnels comme deux comportements dirigés vers les buts de l’activité collective. Nous proposons un modèle intégré de la coordination fondé sur l’approche des modèles mentaux partagés, afin d’établir la coordination au sein de l’équipe de travail composée d’humains et d’agents. Nous soutenons que les interactions en langage naturel entre les membres d’une équipe modifient les modèles mentaux individuels et partagés des participants. Enfin, nous décrivons comment les agents mettent en place et maintiennent la coordination au sein de l’équipe par le biais de conversations en langage naturel. Afin d’établir un couplage fort entre la prise de décision et le comportement conversationnel collaboratif d’un agent, nous proposons tout d’abord une approche fondée sur la modélisation sémantique des activités humaines et de l’environnement virtuel via le modèle mascaret puis, dans un second temps, une modélisation du contexte basée sur l’approche Information State. Ces représentations permettent de traiter de manière unifiée les connaissances sémantiques des agents sur l’activité collective et sur l’environnement virtuel ainsi que des informations qu’ils échangent lors de dialogues.Ces informations sont utilisées par les agents pour la génération et la compréhension du langage naturel multipartite. L’approche Information State nous permet de doter les agents C2BDI de capacités communicatives leur permettant de s’engager pro-activement dans des interactions en langue naturelle en vue de coordonner efficacement leur activité avec les autres membres de l’équipe. De plus, nous définissons les protocoles conversationnels collaboratifs favorisant la coordination entre les membres de l’équipe. Enfin, nous proposons dans cette thèse un mécanisme de prise de décision s’inspirant de l’approche BDI qui lie les comportements de délibération et de conversation des agents. Nous avons mis en oeuvre notre architecture dans trois différents scénarios se déroulant dans des EVCF. Nous montrons que les comportements conversationnels collaboratifs multipartites des agents C2BDI facilitent la coordination effective de l’utilisateur avec les autres membres de l’équipe lors de la réalisation d’une tâche partagée
Growing needs of educational and training requirements motivate the use of collaborative virtual environments for training (CVET) that allows human users to work together with autonomous agents to perform a collective activity. The vision is inspired by the fact that the effective coordination improves productivity, and reduces the individual and team errors. This work addresses the issue of establishing and maintaining the coordination in a mixed human-agent teamwork in the context of CVET. The objective of this research is to provide human-like conversational behavior of the virtual agents in order to cooperate with a user and other agents to achieve shared goals.We propose a belief-desire-intention (BDI) like Collaborative Conversational agent architecture(C2BDI) that treats both deliberative and conversational behaviors uniformly as guided by the goal-directed shared activity. We put forward an integrated model of coordination which is founded on the shared mental model based approaches to establish coordination in a human-agent teamwork. We argue that natural language interaction between team members can affect and modify the individual and shared mental models of the participants. Finally, we describe the cultivation of coordination in a mixed human-agent teamwork through natural language conversation. In order to establish the strong coupling between decision making and the collaborative conversational behavior of the agent, we propose first, the Mascaret based semantic modeling of human activities and the VE, and second, the information state based context model. This representation allows the treatment of semantic knowledge of the collaborative activity and virtual environment, and information exchanged during the dialogue conversation in a unified manner. This knowledge can be used by the agent for multiparty natural language processing (understanding and generation) in the context of the CEVT. To endow the communicative capabilities to C2BDI agent, we put forward the information state based approach for the natural language processing of the utterances. We define collaborative conversation protocols that ensure the coordination between team members. Finally, in this thesis, we propose a decision making mechanism, which is inspired by the BDI based approach and provides the interleaving between deliberation and conversational behavior of the agent. We have applied the proposed architecture to three different scenarios in the CVET. We found that the multiparty collaborative conversational behavior of C2BDI agent is more constructive and facilitates the user to effectively coordinate with other team members to perform a shared task

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Perarnaud, Clément. "Why do negotiation processes matter?: informal capabilities as determinants of EU member states bargaining success in the Council of the EU." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672412.

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How do differences in the informal capabilities of Member States impact their bargaining success at the EU level? Based on new datasets collected via 145 semi-structured interviews with national negotiators and EU officials in Brussels, this research shows how MS informal capabilities impact legislative outcomes in the EU. This research provides evidence that informal capacities, such as the effectiveness of MS permanent representations and their capacity to coordinate with other actors in the legislative decision-making, matter for bargaining success. Using a mixed-method design, this dissertation explores the conditions and mechanisms granting more explanatory power to informal capabilities as determinants of EU Member States bargaining success in the Council of the EU.
¿Cómo influyen las diferencias en las capacidades informales de los Estados miembros en el éxito de sus negociaciones a nivel de la UE? A partir de nuevos datos recogidos mediante 145 entrevistas semiestructuradas con negociadores nacionales y funcionarios de la UE en Bruselas, esta investigación muestra cómo las capacidades informales de los EM influyen en los resultados legislativos en la UE. Esta investigación aporta pruebas de que las capacidades informales, como la eficacia de las representaciones permanentes de los EM y su capacidad de coordinación con otros actores en la toma de decisiones legislativas, son importantes para el éxito de la negociación. Utilizando un diseño de métodos mixtos, esta disertación explora las condiciones y los mecanismos que otorgan más poder explicativo a las capacidades informales como determinantes del éxito de la negociación de los Estados miembros de la UE en el Consejo de la UE.

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Bataglia, Walter. "As competências organizacionais de resolução de conflitos e o consenso no processo decisório estratégico em ambientes organizacionais instáveis, complexos e não munificientes: um estudo no setor de telefonia fixa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-26022007-112315/.

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A presente pesquisa visou levantar dados que permitissem aprofundar o entendimento sobre as habilidades organizacionais de resolução de conflitos e sua relação com o consenso entre os gestores no processo decisório estratégico de organizações inseridas em ambientes organizacionais dinâmicos, complexos e não munificentes (DCM-). Desenvolveu-se, para tanto, um conjunto de hipóteses relacionando esses construtos, que foram testadas com dados sobre o processo decisório estratégico de organizações do segmento de Telefonia Fixa do setor de Telecomunicações da economia brasileira. Os dados foram coletados pela aplicação de 39 questionários em gestores selecionados, via amostragem aleatória simples, de uma população alvo de 55 gestores. As hipóteses foram testadas usando-se as técnicas estatísticas de análise de significância univariada e de análise de regressão bivariada e multivariada. Os resultados mostraram que as características do ambiente organizacional DCM- influenciam o desenvolvimento de competências organizacionais de resolução de conflitos nas organizações nele inseridas, gerando duas possíveis abordagens para a solução dos conflitos que emergem entre os gestores no processo decisório estratégico. Na primeira, os conflitos são resolvidos em conjunto pelas partes opositoras, a partir de uma postura cooperativa. Eventuais impasses são resolvidos por mediação e/ou por um terceiro com autoridade legítima, com base na cooperação das partes. Essa abordagem está associada com um maior nível de racionalidade e compreensão da decisão pelos gestores e com um maior nível de consenso no processo decisório estratégico. Além disso, vincula-se a menores níveis de atividade política e ao maior comprometimento dos gestores. Na segunda, os conflitos são resolvidos por atividades políticas e eventuais impasses por mediação. Essa abordagem vincula-se a um menor nível de comprometimento dos gestores. Esses resultados levam a duas implicações. A primeira é que as competências organizacionais de resolução de conflitos determinam padrões interativos recorrentes entre executivos que influenciam o processo decisório estratégico tanto quanto as características da decisão. Isso contrasta com abordagens anteriores que colocam as características da decisão como soberanas. A segunda é que a alta administração deve estar atenta ao balanceamento do uso das abordagens cooperativa e competitiva na resolução dos conflitos no processo decisório estratégico, de forma a dosar os níveis de atividade política, cooperação, inação, e consenso que se deseja manter na organização.
The present research aimed lifting data that could permit to deepen the comprehension about organizational abilities of conflict resolution and its relationship to the consensus among managers on the strategic decision-making process of organizations inserted in dynamic, complex and few-munificent organizational environments (DCM-). Thus, it was developed a set of hypotheses relating these constructs, that were tested with data about strategic decisionmaking processes of organizations from the Fixed-Voice segment of the Telecommunications industry of the Brazilian economy. Data were collected by applying 39 questionnaires to managers selected, via simple random sampling, from a target population of 55 managers. Hypotheses were tested using the statistical techniques of univariate significance analysis and of bivariate and multivariate regression analysis. The results showed that the characteristics of the DCM- organizational environment influence the development of conflict-resolution organizational competences in the organizations inserted in it, generating two possible approaches for solving conflicts that emerge among managers on the strategic decision? making process. In the first approach, opposite parties, upon a cooperative posture, solve conflicts jointly. Eventual impasses are solved by mediation and/or by a third party with legitimate authority, with cooperative support from parties. This approach is associated with a higher level of rationality and comprehension of the decision by managers and with a higher level of consensus among managers on the strategic decision-making process. Besides, it is bound to lower levels of political activity and higher commitment of managers. In the second approach, conflicts are solved via political activities and eventual impasses are solved by mediation. This approach is associated with a lower level of commitment of managers. These results lead to two implications. The first implication is that conflict-resolution organizational competences determine recurrent interactive patterns among executives that influence the decision-making process as much as the decision characteristics. This contrasts with previous approaches that argument that decision characteristics are sovereign. The second implication is that top management should be attempted to the tradeoff between the use of the cooperative and competitive approaches for conflict resolving, so that it be possible to dose the levels of political activity, cooperation, inaction and consensus that are desired in the organization.

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MINELLI, MICHELE. "MIDDLE MANAGERS AND DIVESTMENT DECISIONS IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/57900.

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Il progetto di ricerca riguarda le decisioni di disinvestimento ed il coinvolgimento del management di livello intermedio nelle iniziative di disinvestimento. L’obiettivo principale è quello di comprendere il processo decisionale sottostante alle decisioni di disinvestimento nelle grandi aziende multinazionali, con particolare attenzione agli asset di business. I manager di livello intermedio sono chiamati spesso a valutare gli asset di business e scegliere quali tenere e quali vendere, nell’ambito del portafoglio di asset detenuti da un’azienda. Utilizzando il framework di dynamic capabilities, ai fini della presente ricerca, abbiamo adottato una metodologia mista, che ci ha permesso di raccogliere le prime evidenze da un case study, tornare alla letteratura di management per una review di quanto scritto in precedenza e costruire la sezione più innovativa di questo lavoro, ossia l’esperimento di policy capturing. Tramite delle interviste fatte a manager di livello intermedio in una multinazionale europea, sono state individuate quattro prospettive teoriche che possono spiegare i determinati che hanno portato alla dismissione di un asset, ossia real option theory, transaction cost economics, resource-based view e new institutionalism. Il gap di ricerca è stato individuato nel fatto che gli studi condotti in precedenza si sono focalizzati principalmente sul disinvestimento di business unit o filiali e hanno basato le analisi prevalentemente su dati secondari. L’esperimento di policy capturing è stato usato per catturare quali fattori realmente influenzano le valutazioni dei manager di livello intermedio nel momento in cui sono chiamati a valutare la dismissione di asset di business. Il nostro obiettivo è quello di sviluppare e testare un framework teorico derivante da un fenomeno osservato, che origina dalla pratica manageriale. L’interesse è stato guidato principalmente da un gap percepito tra la teoria e la pratica in merito alle decisioni di disinvestimento e l’impressione che quanto saggiamente descritto nei libri di management non sia diffusamente utilizzato nella pratica.
This research project addresses divestment decisions and the involvement of middle management in divestiture initiatives. The main goal is to understand the practice of divestment decision-making in multinational multibusiness corporations, with a focus on the divestment of business unit assets. Middle managers are routinely asked to assess business unit assets and choose the ones to keep and the ones to be divested within the firm’s portfolio of assets. Within the dynamic capabilities framework, as for the purpose of this research project, we adopted a mixed methodology that allowed us collect useful insights from a case study, go back to the management literature for a structured review and open up the way to the most innovative section of this work, the policy capturing experiment. Middle managers inside a European multinational corporation were interviewed, providing evidence for four main theoretical lenses that can explain determinants related to asset divestment decisions, namely real option theory, transaction cost economics, resource-based view and new institutionalism. A clear research gap was identified as a consequence of the major focus of prior research on business unit or subsidiary divestments and the predominant use of secondary data. The policy capturing instrument, drawing from the four theoretical lenses, is used to capture which factors influence middle managers assessment of the divestment of business unit assets. Our intent is to develop and test a theoretical framework about an existing phenomenon, originating from the management practice. This interest was mainly driven by a perceived gap between theory and practice about divestment decisions and by the belief that the conventional wisdom of management textbooks is not widely used in practice.

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MINELLI, MICHELE. "MIDDLE MANAGERS AND DIVESTMENT DECISIONS IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/57900.

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Il progetto di ricerca riguarda le decisioni di disinvestimento ed il coinvolgimento del management di livello intermedio nelle iniziative di disinvestimento. L’obiettivo principale è quello di comprendere il processo decisionale sottostante alle decisioni di disinvestimento nelle grandi aziende multinazionali, con particolare attenzione agli asset di business. I manager di livello intermedio sono chiamati spesso a valutare gli asset di business e scegliere quali tenere e quali vendere, nell’ambito del portafoglio di asset detenuti da un’azienda. Utilizzando il framework di dynamic capabilities, ai fini della presente ricerca, abbiamo adottato una metodologia mista, che ci ha permesso di raccogliere le prime evidenze da un case study, tornare alla letteratura di management per una review di quanto scritto in precedenza e costruire la sezione più innovativa di questo lavoro, ossia l’esperimento di policy capturing. Tramite delle interviste fatte a manager di livello intermedio in una multinazionale europea, sono state individuate quattro prospettive teoriche che possono spiegare i determinati che hanno portato alla dismissione di un asset, ossia real option theory, transaction cost economics, resource-based view e new institutionalism. Il gap di ricerca è stato individuato nel fatto che gli studi condotti in precedenza si sono focalizzati principalmente sul disinvestimento di business unit o filiali e hanno basato le analisi prevalentemente su dati secondari. L’esperimento di policy capturing è stato usato per catturare quali fattori realmente influenzano le valutazioni dei manager di livello intermedio nel momento in cui sono chiamati a valutare la dismissione di asset di business. Il nostro obiettivo è quello di sviluppare e testare un framework teorico derivante da un fenomeno osservato, che origina dalla pratica manageriale. L’interesse è stato guidato principalmente da un gap percepito tra la teoria e la pratica in merito alle decisioni di disinvestimento e l’impressione che quanto saggiamente descritto nei libri di management non sia diffusamente utilizzato nella pratica.
This research project addresses divestment decisions and the involvement of middle management in divestiture initiatives. The main goal is to understand the practice of divestment decision-making in multinational multibusiness corporations, with a focus on the divestment of business unit assets. Middle managers are routinely asked to assess business unit assets and choose the ones to keep and the ones to be divested within the firm’s portfolio of assets. Within the dynamic capabilities framework, as for the purpose of this research project, we adopted a mixed methodology that allowed us collect useful insights from a case study, go back to the management literature for a structured review and open up the way to the most innovative section of this work, the policy capturing experiment. Middle managers inside a European multinational corporation were interviewed, providing evidence for four main theoretical lenses that can explain determinants related to asset divestment decisions, namely real option theory, transaction cost economics, resource-based view and new institutionalism. A clear research gap was identified as a consequence of the major focus of prior research on business unit or subsidiary divestments and the predominant use of secondary data. The policy capturing instrument, drawing from the four theoretical lenses, is used to capture which factors influence middle managers assessment of the divestment of business unit assets. Our intent is to develop and test a theoretical framework about an existing phenomenon, originating from the management practice. This interest was mainly driven by a perceived gap between theory and practice about divestment decisions and by the belief that the conventional wisdom of management textbooks is not widely used in practice.

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Munoz, Roberto, and Alexander Sylve. "Utvecklares delaktighet i beslut : En studie om utvecklares upplevelse av delaktighet i beslut inom långsiktiga projekt." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444849.

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This paper examines developers' experience of participation in decisions through agile system development methods in long-term projects. Participation is meant as an opportunity for developers to influence and realize decisions in their work through independence and freedom. The research question reads as follows: "How are developers' perceived participation in decisions during long-term projects affected?". Through five qualitative interviews with developers from an international military company, institutional logics are used as a complementary theoretical framework and analytical support. Tensions between a professional logic and a management logic are indicated to be the two main logics that pressure developers' perceived participation in decisions over a long-term period. By combining development methods over time within long-term projects, daily follow-up varies and developers' perceived participation in decisions may be affected. Partial deliveries promote developers' perceived participation in decisions because developers can receive ongoing feedback on their decisions. Developers are required to make constant considerations in their decisions in order to achieve flexibility and meet requirements, but are limited by access to information due to defense-secrecy.
Uppsatsen undersöker utvecklares upplevelse av delaktighet i beslut genom agila systemutvecklingsmetoder inom långsiktiga projekt. Delaktighet avses som möjlighet för utvecklare att genom självständighet och frihet påverka samt realisera beslut i sin arbetssituation. Forskningsfrågan som tagits fram lyder enligt följande: “Hur påverkas utvecklares upplevelse av delaktighet i beslut under långsiktiga projekt?”. Genom fem kvalitativa intervjuer med utvecklare från ett militärt internationellt företag används institutionella logiker som ett kompletterande teoretiskt ramverk och analysstöd. Spänningar mellan en professionslogik och en management-logik indikeras vara de två huvudsakliga logiker som sätter press på utvecklares upplevelse av delaktighet i beslut under en lång tidshorisont. Genom att systemutvecklingsmetoder blandas över tid inom långsiktiga projekt varieras daglig uppföljning och utvecklares upplevelse av delaktighet i beslut kan komma att påverkas. Delleveranser främjar utvecklares upplevelse av delaktighet i beslut eftersom utvecklare kan få löpande återkoppling på sina beslut. Utvecklare erfordras göra ständiga avvägningar i sina beslut för att uppnå flexibilitet och möta krav, men begränsas av tillgång till information till följd av försvarssekretess.

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Medeiros, Mauricius Munhoz de. "O impacto da capacidade de inteligência analítica de negócios na tomada de decisões na era dos grandes dados." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7109.

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Este estudo investigou o impacto das capacidades de inteligência analítica de negócios na expansão das capacidades cognitivas gerenciais, orientando a tomada de decisões (com base nos dados), de modo ágil (dinâmico), para a melhoria da gestão do desempenho organizacional. Explicou-se o fenômeno sob a perspectiva teórica das capacidades dinâmicas. Para a definição dos construtos, foram revisados, também, os elementos teóricos a respeito das capacidades de inteligência analítica de negócios e tomada de decisões. Executou-se uma pesquisa de métodos mistos, desenhada em duas etapas. A primeira, exploratória, realizada através de entrevistas com 10 gestores, permitiu o mapeamento dos relacionamentos e a identificação das variáveis, oportunizando o desenvolvimento do instrumento quantitativo. A segunda, confirmatória, realizada através de uma survey com 366 respondentes, cujos resultados foram analisados para validar o instrumento de pesquisa e mensurar o impacto por meio da modelagem de uma equação estrutural, confirmando-se 5 das 7 hipóteses definidas no modelo conceitual. O cerne da discussão está na explicação do impacto das capacidades de inteligência analítica de negócios na tomada decisões, onde os achados evidenciam impacto significativo das capacidades de inteligência analítica gerencial, governança e processamento de grandes dados, e analítica avançada de negócios. A pesquisa contribui para a teoria, por ter explicado as capacidades de inteligência analítica de negócios como capacidades dinâmicas, bem como pelo desenvolvimento e validação de um instrumento para a mensuração integrada dessas capacidades. Para o campo gerencial, o estudo aponta direcionamentos e recomendações ao indicar potencialidades e limitações para o desenvolvimento dessas capacidades.
This study investigated the impact of business analytical intelligence capabilities on the expansion of managerial cognitive capabilities, orienting decision making (based on data) in an agile (dynamic) way, to improve organizational performance management. The phenomenon was explained according to the theoretical perspective of dynamic capabilities. For the definition of the constructs, the theoretical elements regarding business analytical intelligence capabilities and decision making were also reviewed. A mixed-method research was carried out in two stages. The first, which was exploratory, was conducted through interviews with 10 managers and allowed the mapping of relationships and identification of variables, allowing the development of the quantitative instrument. The second, which was confirmatory, was performed through a survey with 366 interviewees, which results were analyzed to validate the research instrument and measure the impact through the modeling of a structural equation, confirming 5 of the 7 hypotheses defined in the conceptual model. The heart of the discussion lies in the explanation of the impact of business analytical intelligence capabilities on decision making, in which the findings evidence significant impact of managerial analytical intelligence capabilities, governance and the processing of big data, and advanced business analytics. This research contributes to the theory by explaining business analytical intelligence capabilities as dynamic capabilities, as well as by developing and validating an instrument for the integrated measurement of these capabilities. For the managerial field, this study points out directions and recommendations when indicating potentialities and limitations for the development of these capabilities.

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Schnackenberg, Andrew K. "Symbolizing Institutional Change: Media Representations and Legality in the Payday Loan and Medical Marijuana Industries." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1405090956.

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Knapek, Petr. "Multiagentní podpora pro vytváření strategických her." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413301.

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This thesis is dedicated to creating a new system with capabilities to create new generic, autonomous strategy computer game controlling elements based on multi-agent systems with social, intelligent decision-making and learning skills. Basic types of strategy games and problems of their playing will be introduced, along with currently used methods of intelligent game AI development. This thesis also presents design and implementation of the new system, working model for a specific game and results obtained while testing it.

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Ziegenfuss, Katharina. "Bewertung innovativer Geschäftsmodelle: Entwicklung eines Simulationsmodells und Anwendung auf die bedarfsabhängige Funktionserweiterung im vernetzten Fahrzeug: Development of a simulation model and application to the ‘Function on Demand’ concept of the connected car." Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2019. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73123.

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Die Bedeutung innovativer Geschäftsmodelle als Bestimmungsfaktor für den Unternehmenserfolg steht weitestgehend außer Frage. Aufgrund der hohen Komplexität von Geschäftsmodellen hat sich jedoch bislang kein praktisch anwendbares Bewertungskonzept etablieren können, welches Geschäftsmodellinnovationen in Hinblick auf deren Erfolgsentwicklung untersucht. Zur Adressierung dieser Problemstellung wird unter Anwendung des systemdynamischen Ansatzes ein Simulationsmodell entwickelt, welches den Wertbeitrag einer Geschäftsmodellinnovation ausweist. Neben dem Kapitalwert als finanzielle Wertgröße des Geschäftsmodells werden ferner der Kundenwert sowie der Wert der unternehmerischen Fähigkeiten als wichtige Wertgrößen explizit gemacht, da sie die zukünftige Leistungs- und Wettbewerbsfähigkeit des Geschäftsmodells determinieren. Damit liefert das Bewertungsmodell einen Ansatz zur ganzheitlichen Geschäftsmodellbewertung, die die Anwendung finanzieller Standardkalkulationen mit der Messbarmachung nicht-finanzieller Erfolgsgrößen kombiniert.:1 Einführung 2 Geschäftsmodelle und Geschäftsmodellbewertung 3 Entwicklungsprozess des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 4 Aufbau des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 5 Simulation des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 6 Schlussbetrachtung
Business model innovations provide powerful levers for creating sustainable competitive advantage and thus have a positive impact on the value of an enterprise. However, due to the complexity of business models, no practically applicable framework, evaluating an innovative business model with regard to its effect on a company’s success, has been established. Hence, a simulation model assessing the value contribution of a business model innovation is developed. Using the mathematical modeling technique ‘System Dynamics’ to frame the value drivers of a business allows for simulation experiments that reveal the effect of the business model’s design on its profitability, therewith guiding policymakers towards better decisions. As a result, the simulation model reports the net present value of a business model. In addition, the success indicators customer lifetime value and the value of the enterprises’ capabilities are identified as important assets that have to be monitored closely as they determine the company’s prospective performance. In combining financial standard calculations with the operationalization of non-financial measures, the simulation model represents a comprehensive approach for business model evaluation.:1 Einführung 2 Geschäftsmodelle und Geschäftsmodellbewertung 3 Entwicklungsprozess des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 4 Aufbau des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 5 Simulation des systemdynamischen Geschäftsmodells bedarfsabhängiger Funktionserweiterungen 6 Schlussbetrachtung

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Hahn, Sejin, and Sarafat Hossain. "Impacts of COVID-19: Funding Business Operations and Adapting Marketing Strategies." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185101.

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Purpose -- Given the enduring COVID-19 pandemic, this thesis set out to reveal an updated perspective of the service-oriented small business experience, particularly in their access and choice of financial resources to fund operations and adapt marketing strategy. By the time this study started, it was clear which businesses had been rising with the new tides of swelled categorical demand vs. those that were persevering like embers in a 'slow burn' state of low income against persistent expenses. Therefore, the research sought to compare the results of marketing experimentation with current plans for increasing resiliency, or enabling robust growth, coming out of the pandemic. Methodology / Design / Approach -- As the quantitative understanding of the business impacts had been generalized, a closer look was needed into what entrepreneurs and small business leaders were thinking about in the present moment, by reflecting on factors for survival / thriving, until this point and going forward. To capture this wide range of perspectives and strategies in formulation, qualitative methods with a diverse set of businesses were selected. Theoretically, customer-centric marketing principles were employed, focusing on three intangible firm resources (of the resource-based view): 1) Stakeholder Relationships; 2) Brand Equity and 3) Knowledge / Capabilities. Findings -- With the realization that adequate financing is inaccessible and government support perceivably unreliable, small businesses naturally tested several emergent strategies within the limits of their available resources. During times of crisis and radical change, as entire industry ecosystems are reassuming their fundamentals, companies have the opportunity to maximize and develop their resources, in alignment with differing and changing customer demands. Practical Implications -- While the recommendations are tailored for small business and optimistically many, cities are also suggested to take a resource-based VRIO (Value, Rarity, Imitability and Organizability) approach to supporting the economic value and potential of their retail, restaurant and service-oriented business communities. Originality / Value -- Applying a modern customer-centric view for the small business resources most potentially valuable and developable, this research contributes a unique crisis-borne framework, which may be conceptually used as a hotbed -- by both internal and external (i.e. municipalities, partners and customers) stakeholders -- for ideating novel marketing strategies and supporting business growth / resilience. Keywords: Adaptation, Crisis Management, Financial Liquidity, Access to Capital, Government Aid, Alternative Finance, Marketing Strategy, Resource-based View (RBV), Customer-Centric, Stakeholder View, Brand, Authenticity, Knowledge, Capabilities, Marketing Management, Marketing-Finance Interface, Paid Marketing, Organic Marketing, Customer Loyalty, Community and Decision-Making

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El, hajjari Borg Mounia, and Elin Sundberg. "Licence to Talk : Sustainability Managers and their Managerial Realities within the Corporate Sustainability Paradox." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448552.

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While sustainability-dedicated managers and related titles represent a profession that has hardly existed for more than a decade, it is not surprising that the field of research concentrating on these professionals is in itself relatively new. With an increasing demand for corporations to take their social and environmental responsibility, and a corporate sustainability characterized by tension and paradox, we found it of importance to explore the role and entanglements of these professionals. By analysing 17 in-depth interviews with sustainability-dedicated professionals from the private sector in Sweden, our interpretation is that sustainability managers hold the function of selling sustainability, with talk as their main weapon. Expressly, in the intersection between business-case logics and sustainability logics, sustainability managers have to, above all, make a convincing case for sustainability, inwards and outwards. Therefore, they draw dynamically on different narratives which we conceptualise in three roles: the chameleon, the pragmatic, and the nagging manager. Through these roles, we intend to capture the fluidity with which the managers relate and engage with sustainability, and hence we do not mean to ossify a role’s dynamics within a single, static or stereotypical category. We discuss these findings and concepts to the background of previous studies and existing literature.

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Maghzi, Atefeh. "Dynamic capabilities and managerial cognitions." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1384199.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
This thesis is an endeavour to understand how heuristic reasoning characterizes the deployment of dynamic capabilities in highly dynamic environments. First, exploratory research is conducted to assess the extent to which a firm’s management draws on heuristic reasoning when deploying dynamic capabilities in highly dynamic environments and how such heuristic dynamic capability deployment may affect firm performance. The empirical analyses rest on data from earnings call transcripts and financial data of 150 firms listed in the S&P 500 index. The results show that management engages in less analytical, effortful reasoning (implying a greater engagement in heuristic reasoning) when both dynamic capability deployment and environmental dynamism are high. Further, we also find that less engagement in analytical, effortful reasoning (implying a greater engagement in heuristic reasoning) in dynamic capability deployment improves firm performance as environmental dynamism increases. Second, drawing on the conceptualization of ‘ecologically rationality’, we theoretical explain how heuristic reasoning characterizes the deployment of the three dynamic capabilities processes (sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring) in highly dynamic environments. Then drawing on the conceptualization of the bias-variance trade-off we explicate why reliance on heuristic reasoning may improve firm performance in highly dynamic environments. We further clarify why managers with greater cognitive ability are more likely to accurately and timely apply ecologically rational heuristic when deploying dynamic capabilities in highly dynamic environments.

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Aakhus, Mark Alan. "The communication logics of computer-supported facilitative interventions a study of the community of practice and social technologies surrounding the use of group decision support systems in process facilitation /." 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39334102.html.

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Clark, SP. "Social enterprise-business partnerships : exploring the influence of institutional logics upon social enterprise partnership experiences and decision-making." Thesis, 2015. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23155/1/Clark_whole_thesis.pdf.

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Social enterprises are organisations that pursue a social mission through the application of market-based strategies, whereby revenue generated from business activities is reinvested back into the enterprise to support the achievement of key social objectives. As hybrid organisations, social enterprises are required to balance social benefit and commercial institutional logics. These logics provide social enterprises with systems of values, actions and beliefs that guide organisational action, problem-solving and decision-making, as well as the sense of identity of organisational actors. The combination of these potentially contrasting logics can lead to the development of internal tensions and conflict, and may also create difficulties for social enterprises when establishing legitimacy with external stakeholders. These challenges impact upon the access of social enterprises to needed resources and support, and can create resource scarcities that threaten the achievement of social and commercial sustainability. In order to meet the increasing demand for their services, partnerships with profit-oriented organisations (businesses) are being pursued as a strategy through which social enterprises may access resources needed to enhance their sustainability, and achieve their social benefit and commercial objectives. To date, limited research has been undertaken into social enterprise-business partnerships. As a result of the emergent nature of the literature, the influence of social enterprise hybridity upon interactions with external stakeholders to build, implement and maintain their relationships is not well understood. Moreover, an understanding of the influence of business partner logic upon the enactment of the social benefit and commercial logics of social enterprise within their partnership decision-making has yet to be developed. This research explores the following question: How does the combination of social benefit and commercial logics within social enterprise-business partnerships influence the manner in which social enterprises establish and manage their relationships in order to achieve the enterprise’s social and commercial organisational objectives? The research framework developed in this study explores social enterprise experiences and decision-making across four components of partnership: the decision to form partnerships with for-profit businesses (partnership motivations), the assessment and selection of potential business partners (partner selection criteria), the interactions between partners (partnership implementation), and the outcomes of partnership. A multiple case study design examining six Australian-based education and training social enterprises was adopted, in which documentary data and semi-structured interviews with key decision-makers were used to explore social enterprise partnership experiences and decision-making. The research found that the influence of social enterprise institutional logics differed according to stage of partnership. Overall, the decision-making undertaken during the initial stages of partnership was shown to be commercially pragmatic, with the driver for partnership and selection of partners revolving around the commercial needs and capabilities of the enterprise. The findings illustrate that contrary to assumptions within the literature, the dynamics of the relationships studied were predominantly positive, characterised by reciprocated trust and strong interpersonal relationships. In addition, the commercial competencies of social enterprise were shown to enhance their exchange value, balance out power dynamics between partners, and contribute to the development of relationships that generated shared value. Whilst the commercial logic of for-profit business partners was shown to be a factor influencing decision-making and partnership adaptations, factors such as the level of enterprise maturity, partnership experience, enterprise model, and the nature of the relationship itself were also shown to influence how the social benefit and commercial logic of the social enterprises influenced the way in which relationships were formed and managed with for-profit business organisations. This thesis concludes by discussing the contributions made by this research to social enterprise partnership theory, and provides suggestions on how these findings may be used to enhance the management of social enterprise-business partnerships. Suggestions regarding promising avenues for future research into the partnership strategies developed by social enterprises are also provided, with the aim of developing further insights into the social enterprise-business partnership phenomenon.

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Chen, Yu-Chih, and 陳昱志. "Applying Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method to Evaluate Key Capabilities of an ASP Company." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32547742543485487819.

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碩士
長榮大學
資訊管理研究所
95
With the rise and rapid development of “Electronic Commerce” in recent years as well as the enterprises stress real-time, high efficiency and professional division of labor, the ASP (Application Service Provider) industry takes advantage of this favorable situation to spring up. In addition, to reduce the cost, a lot of enterprises begin outsourcing some operation processes which are irrelevant to core competitiveness. Thus, the ASP venders are not only technology-oriented, and meanwhile, they also have to intervene in operation processes of enterprises. The ASP venders not only have to be able to catch the tendency of the whole market immediately, but also have highly plan strategies for managerial capability. Many researches about ASP mainly focused on the issues with regard to the implementing strategy, the adopting factor and the discussion of market situation in the past. The issues like “What key capabilities should ASP venders must possess?”, “How about the priorities of these key capabilities are?”, “What are the assessing criteria of the key capabilities?” and “How to measure the importance of these criteria?” are rarely discussed. If the venders can develop their advantages and improve inferiorities, then they can survive in the competitive market. In order to establish the evaluation structure of key capabilities for ASP vendors, the first-stage questionnaire implemented and the fuzzy Delphi method was used to select the important key capabilities and evaluation criteria. Next, the second-stage questionnaire for someone vendor are implemented and Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision-making method was employed to measure the performance of key capabilities and the weight of evaluation criteria. According to the result, the venders can evaluate itself as well as it can be a standard which enterprises select cooperative ASP venders.

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CHEN, HSIAO-CHING, and 陳曉青. "Applying Fuzzy Multi-criteria Decision Making to Select the Key Capabilities for Hot Spring Hotel." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/428sq3.

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碩士
銘傳大學
觀光事業學系碩士在職專班
106
Within the increasing development of recreation areas and the consequent fierce competition are the primary challenges. Managers in hot spring hotels are concerned with the effective allocation of limited resources, improvements to the hotel’s operational abilities, and solicitation of an increasing number of consumers for various service modes. Although these hotel managers already knew what kinds of market they’re targeting for, but they also have to find out what is the key capabilities for them to survive in such a competitive market. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is providing a decision-making method to evaluate the key capabilities for the management models of the hot spring hotel in Beitou. Because traditional financial tools are insufficient in measuring the assets, this study adopts the balanced scorecard to measure their capabilities. In addition, some selecting criteria are qualitative by nature and often depend on experts’ judgment of approximation. It is difficult to elicit the complete, precise, and reliable knowledge from the experts. As mentioned above, a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method appears to be one of the feasible solutions to handle such difficult problems. The fundamental concepts we have adopted include the expert interview, the eigenvector method, and the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method. The fuzzy Delphi method is integrated with the eigenvector method to form a set of pooled weights of the criteria, and the concepts of triangular fuzzy number and linguistic variables are used to assess the preference ratings of linguistic variables, ‘importance’ and ‘appropriateness’. Through the hierarchy integration, we obtain the final scores of alternatives. Then we use Chen’s ranking method to rank alternatives.

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44

Gliedt, Travis. "Green Decision Making by Organizations: Understanding Strategic Energy Choices." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6275.

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There is a growing need to better understand environmental decision making in the context of climate change and limited renewable resources. This dissertation deepens our understanding of such decision making by focusing on strategic green decisions, which can be defined as the individual and collaborative green decisions within or between organizations that help organizations improve their operating position, adapt to changes in their external institutional environments, and simultaneously generate environmental benefits. The particular focus is on decisions related to energy in the North American context. The research draws on and contributes to organizational theory with the aim of better understanding those factors that motivate and/or facilitate green decisions by organizations, especially social economy organizations—an area of only limited research to date. Two complementary empirical studies address the overarching research goal. The first study focuses on understanding the nature and extent of the association between organizational attributes and those factors that motivate and/or facilitate a green energy decision. Insights are based on a bi-national survey of 212 organizations that voluntarily began to purchase green electricity between 1999 and 2008. Findings indicate that important influences are similar across organizational types. Survey results highlight the importance of organizational culture and internal champions—both individually and in combination—in making the initial decision to purchase green electricity, despite its relatively higher price. These two factors, as well as strategic benefits, emerge as the dominant explanations for why organizations expand their green energy purchases. The relative importance and particular roles of these factors vary across organizational and decision types. The second empirical study extends our understanding of how organizations adapt to external changes while maintaining the capacity to innovate in order to address their core objectives. The focus is on the residential energy services market, and is based on 12 interviews with the executive directors of non-profit environmental service organizations (ESOs) that are part of a national network called Green Communities Canada. These organizations survived a funding shock by creating new services and diversifying funding sources with actions that collectively can be referred to as ‘green collaborative entrepreneurship’; collaborative because it was facilitated by strategic partnerships with businesses and local governments, as well as the cross-national social capital network connecting the ESOs. The important motivating factors of green collaborative entrepreneurship were the green values and objectives that drive these organizations. The facilitating factors of green collaborative entrepreneurship included human capital, social capital and strategic partnerships, which acted as dynamic capabilities because of their flexibility to help increase the level of entrepreneurship when necessary for organizational survival, and yet, scale-up and deliver core programs during stable funding periods. The dissertation provides important insights into broad questions related to green decisions, especially for organizations that are affected by political policy cycles. The findings highlight that organizations are able to be more environmentally sustainable while also improving their own strategic performance by making green decisions that either provide the capacity to adapt to exogenous change for survival, or to create endogenous change for competitive advantage. The research contributes to our understanding of societal transitions to sustainable development by highlighting two green decisions that are occurring in the social economy. The dissertation contributes to organizational theory and in particular the traditional corporate literature by including multiple organizational types. Sustainability researchers should focus on green decisions that both enhance organizational stability and ecological sustainability if they wish to better understand creative green solutions from organizations.

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45

Hou, Chun-Chi, and 侯俊吉. "Applying fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method to evaluate the key capabilities of the China Times." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/txuf6y.

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碩士
銘傳大學
傳播管理研究所碩士在職專班
95
The main purpose of this paper is to provide an algorithm of the newspaper company to determine the key capabilities under fuzzy environment. The fundamental concepts we have adopted include the importance analysis, the fuzzy Delphi method, balanced scorecard, fuzzy set theory and multi-criteria decision-making method. With the literature review and the investigations of the Taiwan newspaper company corporations, practitioners and experts, we use the importance analysis to get the key sub-criteria. The fundamental concepts we have adopted include the Multi-criteria decision-making method and fuzzy set theory. The concepts of triangular fuzzy number and linguistic variables are used to assess the preference ratings of linguistic variables, ‘importance’ and ‘appropriateness’. Through the hierarchy integration, we obtain the final scores of alternatives. Then we use a revised Chang and Chen’s ranking method to rank the final scores and rank the final scores for choosing the optimal key capability of the China Times in Taiwan. This research takes the China Times in Taiwan as an example, carrying on real example application for the decision ways put forward, to provide enterprise the best key capabilities of the newspaper company.

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46

Tsai, Hsin-Tang, and 蔡欣唐. "Applying fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method to evaluatethe key capabilities of the Taiwan business magazine." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pw79ts.

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碩士
銘傳大學
傳播管理研究所碩士班
95
The purpose of this paper is to provide a decision-making method to evaluate the key capabilities of the business magazine to posses a competitive advantage over its rivals. Because traditional financial tools are insufficient in measuring the assets, this study adopts the balanced scorecard to measure the capabilities. In addition, some selecting criteria are qualitative by nature and often depend on experts’ judgment of approximation. It is difficult to elicit the complete, precise, and reliable knowledge from the experts. As mentioned above, a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method appears to be one of the feasible solutions to handle such difficult problems. What the fundamental concepts we have adopted includes the expert interview, the eigenvector method, and the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method. The fuzzy Delphi method is integrated with the eigenvector method to form a set of pooled weights of the criteria, and the concepts of triangular fuzzy number and linguistic variables are used to assess the preference ratings of linguistic variables, ‘importance’ and ‘appropriateness’. Through the hierarchy integration, we obtain the final scores of alternatives. Then we use Chen’s ranking method to rank the final scores for choosing the optimal alternative. The purpose of this research is to apply a model of the evaluation of the key capabilities for the business magazine company in Taiwan to assist their strategy developing. We find there are four main criteria and twenty one sub-criteria for evaluating the key capabilities of business magazine company, and apply the proposed method, we find the key capabilities of the Business Today of Taiwan is content editing.

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47

Huang, Bo-Wei, and 黃柏煒. "Applying Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method to Evaluate the Key Capabilities of Taiwan Digital Cinema." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89g3hh.

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碩士
銘傳大學
資訊傳播工程學系碩士班
95
In “Challenge 2008-National Development Plan,” digital cinema industry development is one of major projects. Under the painstaking promotion efforts made by the government, the increase of quantity of digital cinema is foreseeable in the future. Digital cinema is a new industry, the business model is still in the step of beginning. Many businessmen have optimistic prospect to the industry, however, they attempt to find out the feasible operation model. How to find out the key capabilities of company in numerous competitors to keep the competitive advantage among the industries is discussed in this paper. The main purpose of this paper is to provide a key capability evaluation method for the digital cinema under fuzzy environment. With the literature review and the investigation of the digital cinema experts in Taiwan, we establish the hierarchical structure of evaluating key capabilities for digital cinema company. The fundamental concepts we have adopted include the balanced scorecard, pairwise comparison, fuzzy theory and multi-criteria decision-making method. The concepts of triangular fuzzy number and linguistic variables are used to assess the preference ratings of linguistic variables, ‘importance’ and ‘appropriateness’. Through the hierarchy integration, we obtain the final scores of alternatives. Then we use Chen’ ranking method to rank the final scores for choosing the optimal alternative. This research takes Lux Cinema as an example to determine the key capabilities of the company.

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48

Hsien, Yi-Yao, and 咸儀堯. "Appling Fuzzy Mulit-Criteria Decision-Making Method to Evaluate The Key Capabilities of Eastern Broadcasting Company." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6ecw6j.

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碩士
銘傳大學
傳播管理研究所碩士在職專班
97
The main purpose of this paper is to provide a key capability evaluation method for the cable television station under fuzzy environment. With the literature review and the investigations of the cable television station experts in Taiwan, we establish the hierarchical structure of evaluating key capabilities.The fundamental concepts we have adopted include the expert interview, the eigenvector method, and the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method. The fuzzy Delphi method is integrated with the eigenvector method to form a set of pooled weights of the criteria, and the concepts of triangular fuzzy number and linguistic variables are used to assess the preference ratings of linguistic variables, “importance” and “appropriateness”. Through the hierarchy integration, we obtain the final scores of alternatives. Then we use Chen’s ranking method to rank the final scores for choosing the optimal alternative.This research takes Eastern Broadcasting Company as an example to find the best key capabilities of the company.

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49

Chen, Deng-Long, and 陳登隆. "Applying fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method to evaluate the key capabilities of the Taiwan management magazine." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jd5j52.

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碩士
銘傳大學
傳播管理研究所碩士在職專班
97
The main purpose of this paper is to provide a key capability evaluation method for the Taiwan management magazine under fuzzy environment. With the literature review and the investigations of the Taiwan management magazine experts in Taiwan, we establish the hierarchical structure of evaluating key capabilities. The fundamental concepts we have adopted include the expert interview, the eigenvector method, and the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method. The fuzzy Delphi method is integrated with the eigenvector method to form a set of pooled weights of the criteria, and the concepts of triangular fuzzy number and linguistic variables are used to assess the preference ratings of linguistic variables, “importance” and “appropriateness”. Through the hierarchy integration, we obtain the final scores of alternatives. Then we use Chen’s ranking method to rank the final scores for choosing the optimal alternative.

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50

Chen, Chun-Feng, and 陳俊峰. "Applying fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method to evaluate the key capabilities of the Taiwan Broadcasting System." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57m9s2.

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碩士
銘傳大學
傳播管理研究所碩士在職專班
97
The main purpose of this paper is to provide a key capability evaluation method for the non-profit television station under fuzzy environment. With the literature review and the investigations of the non-profit television station experts in Taiwan, we establish the hierarchical structure of evaluating key capabilities.The fundamental concepts we have adopted include the expert interview, the eigenvector method, and the fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method. The fuzzy Delphi method is integrated with the eigenvector method to form a set of pooled weights of the criteria, and the concepts of triangular fuzzy number and linguistic variables are used to assess the preference ratings of linguistic variables, “importance” and “appropriateness”. Through the hierarchy integration, we obtain the final scores of alternatives. Then we use Chen’s ranking method to rank the final scores for choosing the optimal alternative.This research takes Taiwan Broadcasting System as an example to find the best key capabilities of the company.

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