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Rigler, Tristan, David Gosar, and David Modic. "Decision-making in adolescent females who deliberately self-harm." Psihologija 49, no. 1 (2016): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1601087r.
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Self-harming behaviour most commonly begins in adolescence and is more frequent among adolescent females. We explored the hypothesis that adolescent females who deliberately selfharm were more likely to perform worse on a decision-making task. Previous research in adolescents who self-harm reported impaired decision-making. However, research put little emphasis on older adolescents and the emotional learning. In our research, we presented the Iowa Gambling Task to 35 adolescent females who self-harmed and were treated at a psychiatric clinic, and to 35 healthy female controls. Our results show that in comparison to the control group the adolescents who self-harm took more risky decisions and were less concerned about the outcome. In addition, the clinical group also focused more on immediate gains and showed a reduced ability to learn from poor decisions in the past. Further research is suggested to explore the potential neurological correlates of decision-making and selfharming behaviour.
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Bell, Nancy J., Emilia Baron, Kimberly Corson, Erin Kostina-Ritchey, and Helyne Frederick. "Parent–Adolescent Decision Making." Journal of Family Issues 35, no. 13 (March 14, 2013): 1780–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x13480339.
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Contemporary research on parent–adolescent decision making has been concerned with decision outcomes and has viewed these outcomes as indicators of adolescent autonomy. We offer an alternative, dialogical perspective, which directs attention to how adolescents and parents co-construct a decision. The analysis is based on parent and daughter narrations of an important school choice—the decision to apply to a new college-preparatory middle school for girls. By highlighting the decision process in three families, we illustrate how co-construction of a decision can differ even among families who would be classified in the same way on the commonly used outcome assessment. We also question the concept of adolescent decision-making “autonomy” in that it has fostered a disregard for the rich dialogical context of all decision making.
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Cenkseven-Önder, Fulya. "The Influence of Decision-Making Styles on Early Adolescents' Life Satisfaction." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 40, no. 9 (October 1, 2012): 1523–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2012.40.9.1523.
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In this study, I examined decision-making styles and satisfaction in different life domains in early adolescence, and the influence of gender difference in relation to making decisions. The Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (Huebner, 1994) and the Adolescent Decision-making Scale (Mann, Harmoni, & Power, 1989) were completed by 918 early adolescents (432 girls, 486 boys) who were students at a school in a city in southern Turkey. Some gender differences regarding satisfaction with various life domains and decision-making styles were noted. It was found that, with the exception of the panic style, decision-making styles are predictors of life satisfaction. The results are discussed in relation to previous research. Finally, study limitations and possible directions for further research are outlined.
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Garanito, Marlene Pereira, and Vera Lucia Zaher-Rutherford. "ADOLESCENT PATIENTS AND THE CLINICAL DECISION ABOUT THEIR HEALTH." Revista Paulista de Pediatria 37, no. 4 (December 2019): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-0462/;2019;37;4;00011.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To carry out a review of the literature on adolescents’ participation in decision making for their own health. Data sources: Review in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) and PubMed databases. We consider scientific articles and books between 1966 and 2017. Keywords: adolescence, autonomy, bioethics and adolescence, autonomy, ethics, in variants in the English, Portuguese and Spanish languages. Inclusion criteria: scientific articles, books and theses on clinical decision making by the adolescent patient. Exclusion criteria: case reports and articles that did not address the issue. Among 1,590 abstracts, 78 were read in full and 32 were used in this manuscript. Data synthesis: The age at which the individual is able to make decisions is a matter of debate in the literature. The development of a cognitive and psychosocial system is a time-consuming process and the integration of psychological, neuropsychological and neurobiological research in adolescence is fundamental. The ability to mature reflection is not determined by chronological age; in theory, a mature child is able to consent or refuse treatment. Decision-making requires careful and reflective analysis of the main associated factors, and the approach of this problem must occur through the recognition of the maturity and autonomy that exists in the adolescents. To do so, it is necessary to “deliberate” with them. Conclusions: International guidelines recommend that adolescents participate in discussions about their illness, treatment and decision-making. However, there is no universally accepted consensus on how to assess the decision-making ability of these patients. Despite this, when possible, the adolescent should be included in a serious, honest, respectful and sincere process of deliberation.
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McGowan, Michelle L., Cynthia A. Prows, Melissa DeJonckheere, William B. Brinkman, Lisa Vaughn, and Melanie F. Myers. "Adolescent and Parental Attitudes About Return of Genomic Research Results: Focus Group Findings Regarding Decisional Preferences." Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 13, no. 4 (May 28, 2018): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1556264618776613.
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Opportunities to participate in genomic sequencing studies, as well as recommendations to screen for variants in 59 medically actionable genes anytime clinical genomic sequencing is performed, indicate adolescents will increasingly be involved in decisions about learning secondary findings from genome sequencing. However, how adolescents want to be involved in such decisions is unknown. We conducted five focus groups with adolescents (2) and parents (3) to learn their decisional preferences about return of genomic research results to adolescents. Discussions about decisional preferences centered around three themes: feelings about receiving genomic risk information, adolescent involvement and capacity to participate in decision-making, and recommendations for parental versus collaborative decision-making. We address the contested space between parental duties to act in their children’s best interests when choosing which results to return and adolescents’ desires to make autonomous decisions. A collaborative decision-making approach is recommended for obtaining consent from adolescents and their parents for genome sequencing research.
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Tomić, Vesna. "Decision making in adolescents." Zdravstvena zastita 35, no. 6 (2006): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zz0605033t.
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Kolarić, Alica, Colleen Cool, and Ivanka Stričević. "Adolescent information behaviour in everyday life decision making." Vjesnik bibliotekara Hrvatske 61, no. 1 (October 15, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30754/vbh.61.1.648.
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Purpose. Within the field of information science, adolescent information behaviour as a part of the general decision making process is a relatively under-examined area. The way adolescents interact with information when making decisions influences decision outcomes and consequently affects their lives. Therefore, the study of information behaviour in the decision making process is an important area for research development. The goal of this paper is to take a step to advance research in this direction by reviewing what has been learnt and offering directions for future work.
Methodology. The existing publications reporting the research on adolescent information behaviour related to making everyday life decisions within the information science field were investigated using content analysis methodology. Twenty articles were selected and analysed in the following aspects: information behaviour, including information seeking, passive information acquisition and information avoidance, information sources, barriers to information seeking, information use and affective experiences.
Findings. It was found that the research on the topic of decision making within the information science field is scarce. Few studies focus specifically on adolescent information behaviour for making everyday life decisions and they consider only one specific decision situation. The existing work reveals that adolescents employ a wide range of information behaviour when making decisions in everyday life, both active and passive: information seeking, passive information acquisition which encompasses passive search and passive attention, community approach, deferring information seeking and information avoidance. They use a variety of information sources, and source selection depends on internal and external factors. They face barriers which impede information seeking and use information to increase knowledge on decision situations and therefore help the decision making process. Adolescent information behaviour in this context proved to be accompanied with affective experiences.
Limitations. Some limitations of the study refer to the coverage of the literature from the information science field, to the selection of the relevant literature and to summarizing of the findings given the limitations of the form, i.e. a single chapter.
Originality. This study tackles one of the barely touched areas in information science and youth information behaviour research and raises some important questions which need to be addressed.
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Harrison, Lisa, and Brandon Hunt. "Adolescent Involvement in the Medical Decision Making Process." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 30, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.30.4.3.
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Many adolescents reach full cognitive development by age 15. Age 18, however, has been designated the age when adolescents may give consent to medical treatment. When the reasoning ability of the adolescent has reached maturation, but the law does not afford the adolescent the ability to utilize his or her reasoning ability, conflicts may arise. Parents may wish one set of treatments for their child and the child may wish for a different type of treatment. When the adolescent is the client of a rehabilitation counselor or healthcare professional, ethical dilemmas may also arise. Supporting the adolescent will support his or her autonomy, however, it may concurrently stifle beneficence or nonmaleficence. This paper addresses issues relevant when dealing with adolescents and informed medical consent. These issues include legal, ethical, and familial implications. Guidelines to assist rehabilitation counselors are also offered.
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Appulembang, Yeni Anna, and Agustina Agustina. "Fungsi Keluarga Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Remaja dalam Pemilihan Jurusan." JURKAM: Jurnal Konseling Andi Matappa 4, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31100/jurkam.v4i1.481.
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Adolescence is a period where their seems to be separated from the role of their parents and more independent in making their own decisions. But this time, the family plays a role in the behavior of adolescents in the decision making process, one of which is related to education in the selection of majors degree in university that will determine the future of their children. This research aims to determine the role of family support In adolescent for career decision making in major degree a in university. Causal comparative study was used and a sample 301 college student in grade one was selected through nonprobability sampling. This research was used two research tolls such as the role family was used Family Asessment Device (FAD) and decision making was used Career Decision-Making Profile. The result in this research found that score of the role of family based on mean hipotetic is lower than mean empiric. It means that, the role of family low category. In this research also showed the result used simple regression , F value 0.790 and p value 0.099 > 0.05. it means there is no significant the role of family support in adolescent for decision making in major degree in university.
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Day, Emma, Louise Jones, Richard Langner, and Myra Bluebond-Langner. "Current understanding of decision-making in adolescents with cancer: A narrative systematic review." Palliative Medicine 30, no. 10 (July 10, 2016): 920–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216316648072.
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Background: Policy guidance and bioethical literature urge the involvement of adolescents in decisions about their healthcare. It is uncertain how roles and expectations of adolescents, parents and healthcare professionals influence decision-making and to what extent this is considered in guidance. Aims: To identify recent empirical research on decision-making regarding care and treatment in adolescent cancer: (1) to synthesise evidence to define the role of adolescents, parents and healthcare professionals in the decision-making process and (2) to identify gaps in research. Design: A narrative systematic review of qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods research. We adopted a textual approach to synthesis, using a theoretical framework of interactionism to interpret findings. Data Sources: The databases MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, EMBASE and CINHAL were searched from 2001 through May 2015 for publications on decision-making for adolescents (13–19 years) with cancer. Results: Twenty-eight articles were identified. Adolescents and parents initially find it difficult to participate in decision-making due to a lack of options in the face of protocol-driven care. Parent and adolescent preferences for information and response to loss of control vary between individuals and over time. No studies indicate parental or adolescent preference for a high degree of independence in decision-making. Conclusion: Striving to make parents and adolescents fully informed or urge them towards more independence than they prefer may add to distress and confusion. This may interfere with their ability to participate in their preferred way in decisions about care and treatment. Future research should include analysis of on-ground interactions among parents, adolescents and clinicians across the trajectory.
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Taal, Margot, and Fernanda Sampaio de Carvalho. "Stimulating adolescents' decision-making." Journal of Adolescence 20, no. 2 (April 1997): 223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jado.1996.0080.
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Heary, Robert F., Sanjeev Kumar, and Christopher M. Bono. "DECISION MAKING IN ADULT DEFORMITY." Neurosurgery 63, suppl_3 (September 1, 2008): A69—A77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000320426.59061.79.
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ABSTRACT SPINAL DEFORMITY AFFECTS adults and adolescents in different ways. Adult deformity patients are skeletally mature and tend to have relatively fixed curves, whereas adolescent patients are skeletally immature with flexible curves. As a result, adult patients typically present with back pain and neurological concerns, whereas adolescents present with cosmetic complaints. The goals of surgery on the adult deformity patient are to treat pain and relieve neurological problems while maintaining or achieving three-dimensional balance. The absolute degree of coronal curve correction in an adult deformity patient is less important than maintaining good sagittal balance. Issues that must be addressed in the preoperative decision-making process include the approach to the surgery, the timing of the surgery, and the location of the end of the construct. Twenty years ago, anteroposterior surgery was the most common procedure used for adults with fixed curves; however, recent advances in technology and techniques have led to more frequent use of purely posterior approaches. The posterior approach allows for greater curve correction owing to two major advances in the surgical method: osteotomy techniques, which release fixed deformities, and pedicle screw instrumentation in the thoracolumbar spine, which achieves greater curve correction with fewer levels of fixation. The optimal timing of surgery and the levels to be treated remain open to debate. Each adult patient's treatment must be individualized to achieve the best coronal correction possible while maintaining sagittal balance to preserve the three-dimensional balance of the spine.
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Chung, Dongil, Mark A. Orloff, Nina Lauharatanahirun, Pearl H. Chiu, and Brooks King-Casas. "Valuation of peers’ safe choices is associated with substance-naïveté in adolescents." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 50 (November 30, 2020): 31729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919111117.
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Social influences on decision-making are particularly pronounced during adolescence and have both protective and detrimental effects. To evaluate how responsiveness to social signals may be linked to substance use in adolescents, we used functional neuroimaging and a gambling task in which adolescents who have and have not used substances (substance-exposed and substance-naïve, respectively) made choices alone and after observing peers’ decisions. Using quantitative model-based analyses, we identify behavioral and neural evidence that observing others’ safe choices increases the subjective value and selection of safe options for substance-naïve relative to substance-exposed adolescents. Moreover, the effects of observing others’ risky choices do not vary by substance exposure. These results provide neurobehavioral evidence for a role of positive peers (here, those who make safer choices) in guiding adolescent real-world risky decision-making.
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Kahn, Lauren E., Shannon J. Peake, Thomas J. Dishion, Elizabeth A. Stormshak, and Jennifer H. Pfeifer. "Learning to Play It Safe (or Not): Stable and Evolving Neural Responses during Adolescent Risky Decision-making." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 27, no. 1 (January 2015): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00694.
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Adolescent decision-making is a topic of great public and scientific interest. However, much of the neuroimaging research in this area contrasts only one facet of decision-making (e.g., neural responses to anticipation or receipt of monetary rewards). Few studies have directly examined the processes that occur immediately before making a decision between two options that have varied and unpredictable potential rewards and penalties. Understanding adolescent decision-making from this vantage point may prove critical to ameliorating risky behavior and improving developmental outcomes. In this study, participants aged 14–16 years engaged in a driving simulation game while undergoing fMRI. Results indicated activity in ventral striatum preceded risky decisions and activity in right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) preceded safe decisions. Furthermore, participants who reported higher sensation-seeking and sensitivity to reward and punishment demonstrated lower rIFG activity during safe decisions. Finally, over successive games, rIFG activity preceding risky decisions decreased, whereas thalamus and caudate activity increased during positive feedback (taking a risk without crashing). These results indicate that regions traditionally associated with reward processing and inhibition not only drive risky decision-making in the moment but also contribute to learning about risk tradeoffs during adolescence.
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Molchanov, Sergey V. "Moral Decision Making in Adolescence." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 233 (October 2016): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.197.
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Hanna, Kathleen M., and Diana Guthrie. "Adolescents' Behavioral Autonomy Related to Diabetes Management and Adolescent Activities/Rules." Diabetes Educator 29, no. 2 (March 2003): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572170302900219.
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PURPOSE the purpose of this preliminary study was to describe and explore the behavioral autonomy (both independent functioning and decision making) of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. METHODS A sample of 34 adolescents with type 1 diabetes completed checklists on independent functioning and decision making for daily and nondaily diabetes management as well as typical adolescent activities/rules. RESULTS Independent functioning in daily diabetes management was greater for older adolescents. Independent functioning and decision making for daily diabetes management, nondaily diabetes management, and typical adolescent activities/rules were strongly correlated. Independent decision making, but not independent functioning for daily diabetes management, was significantly correlated to metabolic control. CONCLUSIONS The strong relationship between independent decision making and functioning suggests that both aspects are important parts of behavioral autonomy to be assessed by healthcare professionals working with adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Healthcare professionals should encourage parental involvement that facilitates adolescents' independent decision making, which was related to better metabolic control in this study.
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Fleary, Sasha A., and Patrece Joseph. "Adolescents' Health Literacy and Decision-making: A Qualitative Study." American Journal of Health Behavior 44, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 392–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.44.4.3.
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Objective: Adolescents assume increased responsibility for their health, particularly regarding health decision-making for lifestyle behaviors. Prior research suggests a relationship between health literacy (HL) and health behaviors in adolescents. Yet, the specific role of HL in adolescents' health decision-making is unclear. This study qualitatively explored adolescents' use of HL in their health decision-making. Methods: Six focus groups with adolescents (N = 37, Mage = 16.49, 86% girls) were conducted. Adolescents' responses to questions about their HL use were coded using thematic analysis. Results: Adolescents identified passive and active HL engagement and several individual (eg, future orientation, risk perception) and environmental (eg, access to resources/information, media) factors that influenced their use of HL in health decision-making. Feedback from others, subjective health, and ability to navigate multiple sources of information also determined adolescents' confidence in their HL skills. Conclusions: Our results support expanding the types of HL studied/measured in adolescents and provide insight on how HL can be leveraged to improve adolescents' health decision-making. Though there was no guiding theory for this study, results support using the Information-Motivation-Behavior Skills model to assess the HL/health decision-making relationship in adolescence.
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Mandoh, Mariam, Seema Mihrshahi, Hoi Lun Cheng, Julie Redfern, and Stephanie R. Partridge. "Adolescent Participation in Research, Policies and Guidelines for Chronic Disease Prevention: A Scoping Review Protocol." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 8257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218257.
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Adolescents (10–24 years old) account for 23% of the global population. Physical inactivity, suboptimal dietary intake, overweight, and obesity during adolescence are risk factors associated with chronic disease development into adulthood. Research, policies, and guidelines that seek to prevent chronic disease risk factor development rarely engage adolescents in planning and decision-making processes. The aims of this review are to investigate (i) how adolescents currently participate in research, policy, and guidelines for reduction of chronic disease risk factors, and (ii) provide recommendations to optimize adolescent participation in future research, policy, and guideline decision making for chronic disease prevention. A systematic scoping review of the health peer-review research, policy, and guidelines, using Arksey and O’Malley’s six-stage framework, will be conducted. Participatory outcomes will be assessed based on the Lansdown-UNICEF conceptual framework for measuring adolescent participation. Classified as consultative, collaborative, or adolescent-led according to the degree of influence and power adolescents possess in the decision- making processes. Consultation with adolescents via digital surveys and focus groups will provide further information, perspective, and insight. Qualitative data will be analyzed by descriptive numerical summary and qualitative content analytical techniques. The title of this protocol is registered with Joanna Briggs Institute and Open Science Framework, doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/E3S64.
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Moore, Colleen F., Jonathan Baron, and Rex V. Brown. "Teaching Decision Making to Adolescents." American Journal of Psychology 107, no. 2 (1994): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1423046.
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Hopkins, J. Roy. "Teaching decision making to adolescents." Journal of Adolescence 15, no. 3 (September 1992): 328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-1971(92)90036-5.
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Ashraf, Maria, and Kaleem Mohammad Khan. "Adolescents’ role in family decision-making for services in India." Young Consumers 17, no. 4 (November 21, 2016): 388–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-06-2016-00608.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the involvement of adolescents in family vacation and dining out on the basis of the type of family. Also, the purpose of this paper is to refine the Scanzoni’s sex role orientation scale (SSRS) in the Indian context. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from adolescents in Delhi and Uttar Pradesh (states in India). The response rate is 44.88 per cent. Sex role orientation was measured using the Scanzoni’s SSRS. Findings There is a decline in the involvement of adolescents through the major decision-making stages for both the services, family vacation and dining out. There is no significant difference in the involvement of adolescents in dual-income and single-income families for a vacation and dining out, except that the children from dual-income families are more involved in destination selection for a vacation. Also, the adolescents in modern families are significantly involved in the sub-decision stages, spending and selection of travel agent. Practical implications The marketers should advertise the vacation destinations to adolescent children in dual-earning families. Also, the travel agencies should design their promotion strategies so as to appeal to the adolescent children with modern attitudes. While catering to the needs of a family, travel agencies must present their services in a way that appeals to adolescents in modern families. Also, this aspect must be taken care of in all the pricing strategies and promotions for the modern families. Originality/value Despite the large number of studies in various Western countries in this area, few studies investigate adolescent influence in family decision-making in India. The present study takes into account the type of family, single income or dual income (on the basis of the employment of parents) and traditional or modern (on the basis of gender role orientation).
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Riddell, Patricia M. "Reward and threat in the adolescent brain: implications for leadership development." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 38, no. 4 (June 5, 2017): 530–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-03-2015-0062.
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Purpose In the last 10 to 15 years, research studies have focused on the effects of differences across generations that result in differences in cultural expectations within the workplace (e.g. Arsenault, 2004). Different generations create shared attitudes to work and preferences for types of work which result in differences in their perception of, for instance, what makes a good leader or even the value of leadership within an organisation. While these generational differences are real, these analyses do not take into account differences that might result from the age, and therefore developmental stage, of the populations being assessed. The neuroscience literature clearly shows that there are maturational differences in the brain which are not complete until late teens to early 20s. It is therefore possible that some of the generational differences result from differences in processing ability resulting from structural immaturities in the brain. In particular, there are differences in the rate of maturation of areas of the brain related to reward sensitivity, threat sensitivity and regulation of behaviour which result in substantial differences in behaviour from adolescence through into adulthood. The purpose of this paper is to consider the effect of maturational changes in the brain on behaviours related to leadership and to outline ways in which these changes can be addressed in order to encourage young people to develop as leaders. This will include providing suitable experiences of leadership to encourage the faster development of the neural structures which underlie these capabilities. Design/methodology/approach Recent advances in neural imaging have resulted in a substantial increase in research investigating the development of the brain during adolescence. A literature review was conducted to find adolescent research that investigated decision making and risk taking. The data obtained were integrated and implications for leadership were drawn from an analysis of the resulting theoretical framework. Findings The research into decision-making processes in adolescents and younger adults points to a number of ways in which these differ from mature decision making. Younger people: (find it harder to inhibit behaviours) are more responsive to immediate reward; are more optimistic about the outcome of risky decisions; and are more responsive to social rewards (Jones et al., 2014). They also lack the experiences that adults use to distil the gist of a situation and therefore are more dependent on conscious, cost-benefit analysis of the outcome of decisions. Practical implications An understanding of the differences between adult and adolescent decision making points to the role of experience as a key factor in mature decision making. If adolescents are to make mature decisions, they have to be offered suitable challenges in safe environments from which they can gain expertise in leadership decision making. These can be designed to account for differences in sensitivity to reward and punishment in this group. In addition, young adults would benefit from learning the gist interpretations that have been extracted from situations by experienced leaders. This suggests that adolescents and adults would benefit from simulated leadership experiences and leadership mentoring. Social implications The Baby Boomer generation who currently hold many of the leadership positions in organisations are coming close to requirement. They will have to be replaced by members of Generation X and the Millennial Generation resulting in potentially younger leaders. In addition, flatter organisational structures that are currently being implemented in many organisations will require leadership at many more levels. Thus, we need to be able to develop leadership skills in a more diverse and younger section of society. Understanding how the brain develops can help us to design appropriate leadership experiences and training for this upcoming generation of young leaders. Originality/value Recent advances in neuroscience of adolescence provide a unique opportunity to bring new evidence to bear on our understanding of decision making in young adults. This provides practical implications for how to develop leadership within this group and to support them as they gain experience in this domain. The evidence also points to a benefit for the increased risk taking seen in adolescence since this leads to greater motivation to try new, and potentially risky, ventures. Through a better understanding of the differences in decision making, we can both help adolescents to develop more mature decision making faster while benefitting from the optimism of youth.
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Harrington, Elizabeth K., Edinah Casmir, Peninah Kithao, John Kinuthia, Grace John-Stewart, Alison L. Drake, Jennifer A. Unger, and Kenneth Ngure. "“Spoiled” girls: Understanding social influences on adolescent contraceptive decision-making in Kenya." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 12, 2021): e0255954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255954.
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Objectives Despite significant public health emphasis on unintended pregnancy prevention among adolescent girls and young women in Sub-Saharan Africa, there is a gap in understanding how adolescents’ own reproductive priorities and the social influences on their decision-making align and compete. We examined the social context of contraceptive decision-making among Kenyan female adolescents. Methods Using community-based sampling, we conducted 40 in-depth interviews and 6 focus group discussions among sexually-active or partnered adolescent girls and young women aged 15–19 in the Nyanza region of Kenya. We analyzed the data in Dedoose using an inductive, grounded theory approach, and developed a conceptual model from the data illustrating social influences on adolescent contraceptive decision-making. Results Participants viewed adolescent pregnancy as unacceptable, and described severe social, financial, and health consequences of unintended pregnancy, including abortion under unsafe conditions. Yet, their contraceptive behaviors often did not reflect their desire to delay pregnancy. Contraceptive decision-making was influenced by multiple social factors, centering on the intersecting stigmas of adolescent female sexuality, pregnancy, and contraceptive use, as well as unequal power in sexual relationships. To prioritize pregnancy prevention, adolescents must navigate conflicting social norms and power dynamics, and put their perceived future fertility at risk. Conclusions Contraceptive decision-making among Kenyan female adolescents is strongly influenced by opposing social norms within families, communities, and sexual relationships, which compel them to risk stigma whether they use a contraceptive method or become pregnant as adolescents. These findings put into perspective adolescents’ seemingly incongruent pregnancy preferences and contraceptive behaviors. Interventions to address adolescent unintended pregnancy should focus on supporting adolescent decision-making agency, addressing fertility-related contraceptive concerns, and promoting innovative contraceptive access points rather than increasing contraceptive prevalence.
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d’Acremont, Mathieu, and Martial Van der Linden. "Gender differences in two decision-making tasks in a community sample of adolescents." International Journal of Behavioral Development 30, no. 4 (July 2006): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025406066740.
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In adolescence, externalized problems such as risk taking and antisocial behavior are more frequent in boys. This suggests that there are differences in the way boys and girls evaluate risk and make decisions during this period. To explore decision making and highlight possible gender differences, 124 adolescents at a junior secondary school completed two decision-making tasks: The Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994) and the Rogers Betting Task (Rogers et al., 1999). The results indicate that girls make more advantageous decisions on the Gambling Task and boys take more risks during the Betting Task. These results are discussed in light of the differing development of emotion, cognition, and brain structures in boys and girls.
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Loureiro, Rubens José. "Decision making in adolescents: a multifaceted construct." Journal of Human Growth and Development 30, no. 2 (June 17, 2020): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v30.10362.
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Judging to make a decision amidst several possibilities that rise to risks, losses, gains and uncertainties is not a simple matter. In this process, the subject needs to verify the situation considering the alternatives that are made up of several elements, among them, the analysis of how much this decision will cost and what benefit it will have in response, and what the consequences will be in the long, medium and short term. In this sense, decision-making is associated with the deliberative and affective process that relates to multiple variables that are interconnected with the flow of information assimilated by the agent who is responsible for the judgment and the decision. This process is interdependent on the subject's structure with external stimuli. Thus, the individual's forces and social pressure are important elements to be considered for decision making. For the adolescent, this issue becomes even more important, as it is a phase of human development in which the person exhibits behaviors of risk and during this stage of life there is a process of maturation of the central nervous system, which are related to decision-making and motivational processes. Therefore, decision making among adolescents is a complex issue that in addition to biological factors are directly related to social and psychological elements, depends on a maturity in development, but can be impaired if stressful situations are constant stimuli in the lives of adolescents.
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Albert, Dustin, and Laurence Steinberg. "Judgment and Decision Making in Adolescence." Journal of Research on Adolescence 21, no. 1 (February 15, 2011): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00724.x.
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Campione-Barr, Nicole, Anna K. Lindell, Stephen D. Short, Kelly Bassett Greer, and Scott D. Drotar. "First- and second-born adolescents' decision-making autonomy throughout adolescence." Journal of Adolescence 45 (December 2015): 250–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.10.009.
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Weller, Joshua A., Leslie D. Leve, Hyoun K. Kim, Jabeene Bhimji, and Philip A. Fisher. "Plasticity of risky decision making among maltreated adolescents: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial." Development and Psychopathology 27, no. 2 (May 2015): 535–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579415000140.
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AbstractChildhood maltreatment has lasting negative effects throughout the life span. Early intervention research has demonstrated that these effects can be remediated through skill-based, family-centered interventions. However, less is known about plasticity during adolescence, and whether interventions are effective many years after children experience maltreatment. This study investigated this question by examining adolescent girls' ability to make advantageous decisions in the face of risk using a validated decision-making task; performance on this task has been associated with key neural regions involved in affective processing and executive functioning. Maltreated foster girls (n= 92), randomly assigned at age 11 to either an intervention designed to prevent risk-taking behaviors or services as usual (SAU), and nonmaltreated age and socioeconomic status matched girls living with their biological parent(s) (n= 80) completed a decision-making task (at age 15–17) that assessed risk taking and sensitivity to expected value, an index of advantageous decision making. Girls in the SAU condition demonstrated the greatest decision-making difficulties, primarily for risks to avoid losses. In the SAU group, frequency of neglect was related to greater difficulties in this area. Girls in the intervention condition with less neglect performed similarly to nonmaltreated peers. This research suggests that early maltreatment may impact decision-making abilities into adolescence and that enriched environments during early adolescence provide a window of plasticity that may ameliorate these negative effects.
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Nazarboland, N. "Executive Functioning Impairments in Adolescents with Early Diagnosis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S217—S218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2200.
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Despite the neuropsychology literature provide reliable evidence of impaired executive functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), it has not been determined whether these deficits are prior to onset of the disorder or they begin to appear as consequence. To investigate whether recent onset of OCD in adolescence is characterized by executive functioning difficulties in behavioral inhibition, attentional flexibility, and decision-making. Executive functions were compared in adolescents with recent (past year) appearance of OCD symptoms (n = 40) and control group (n = 40). Three computerized tests within the CANTAB battery were completed by all subjects (the Affective Go/No Go task, the Intra-Dimensional, Extra-Dimensional Set-Shifting task, and the Decision-Making task). Using one-way ANOVA showed that compared with control group, the OCD adolescents displayed a bias towards negative stimuli with less errors on sad and hopeless words on the Affective Go/No Go task. They also made faster decisions while they bet more of their available points compared to controls, in the Decision-Making task. Adolescents with recent OCD diagnosis (less than one year) showed greater attention towards sad and hopeless stimuli and more impulsive behavior when making decisions. However, they were able to switch attentional set to neutral stimuli. These findings suggest that executive functioning impairments can characterize adolescence OCD from early beginning of the disorder.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
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Christakou, Anastasia, Samuel J. Gershman, Yael Niv, Andrew Simmons, Mick Brammer, and Katya Rubia. "Neural and Psychological Maturation of Decision-making in Adolescence and Young Adulthood." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 25, no. 11 (November 2013): 1807–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00447.
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We examined the maturation of decision-making from early adolescence to mid-adulthood using fMRI of a variant of the Iowa gambling task. We have previously shown that performance in this task relies on sensitivity to accumulating negative outcomes in ventromedial PFC and dorsolateral PFC. Here, we further formalize outcome evaluation (as driven by prediction errors [PE], using a reinforcement learning model) and examine its development. Task performance improved significantly during adolescence, stabilizing in adulthood. Performance relied on greater impact of negative compared with positive PEs, the relative impact of which matured from adolescence into adulthood. Adolescents also showed increased exploratory behavior, expressed as a propensity to shift responding between options independently of outcome quality, whereas adults showed no systematic shifting patterns. The correlation between PE representation and improved performance strengthened with age for activation in ventral and dorsal PFC, ventral striatum, and temporal and parietal cortices. There was a medial-lateral distinction in the prefrontal substrates of effective PE utilization between adults and adolescents: Increased utilization of negative PEs, a hallmark of successful performance in the task, was associated with increased activation in ventromedial PFC in adults, but decreased activation in ventrolateral PFC and striatum in adolescents. These results suggest that adults and adolescents engage qualitatively distinct neural and psychological processes during decision-making, the development of which is not exclusively dependent on reward-processing maturation.
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Defoe, Ivy N., Judith Semon Dubas, Edwin S. Dalmaijer, and Marcel A. G. van Aken. "Is the Peer Presence Effect on Heightened Adolescent Risky Decision-Making only Present in Males?" Journal of Youth and Adolescence 49, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 693–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-01179-9.
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AbstractSocial neurodevelopmental imbalance models posit that peer presence causes heightened adolescent risk-taking particularly during early adolescence. Evolutionary theory suggests that these effects would be most pronounced in males. However, the small but growing number of experimental studies on peer presence effects in adolescent risky decision-making showed mixed findings, and the vast majority of such studies did not test for the above-described gender and adolescent phase moderation effects. Moreover, most of those studies did not assess the criterion validity of the employed risky decision-making tasks. The current study was designed to investigate the abovementioned hypotheses among a sample of 327 ethnically-diverse Dutch early and mid-adolescents (49.80% female; Mage = 13.61). No main effect of peer presence on the employed risky-decision making task (i.e., the stoplight game) was found. However, the results showed a gender by peer presence moderation effect. Namely, whereas boys and girls engaged in equal levels of risks when they completed the stoplight game alone, boys engaged in more risk-taking than girls when they completed this task together with two same-sex peers. In contrast, adolescent phase did not moderate peer presence effects on risk-taking. Finally, the results showed that performance on the stoplight game predicted self-reported real-world risky traffic behavior, alcohol use and delinquency. Taken together, using a validated task, the present findings demonstrate that individual differences (i.e., gender) can determine whether the social environment (i.e., peer presence) affect risk-taking in early- and mid-adolescents. The finding that performance on a laboratory risky decision-making task can perhaps help identify adolescents that are vulnerable to diverse types of heightened risk behaviors is an important finding for science as well as prevention and intervention efforts.
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Chien, Yu-Chin, Cindy Lin, and Joanna Worthley. "Effect of Framing on Adolescents' Decision Making." Perceptual and Motor Skills 83, no. 3 (December 1996): 811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.83.3.811.
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92 young adolescents were tested using Tversky and Kahneman's (1981) decision problems for framing effects. A notable number of young adolescents tested were not influenced by the context of the decision problems, thus they selected the same response option for positively and negatively framed problems. Parallel information was not available in Tversky and Kahneman's study for adults because they used a between-subjects design. However, for present adolescents who selected different response options for different framing problems, the response pattern exhibited by them resembled the general pattern exhibited by the adults tested in Tversky and Kahneman's study—negative frames led them to accept risk to avoid certain loss; positive frames prevented them from risking what they were certain to gain. Boys and girls were similar in their susceptibility to framing effects as were honors students in mathematics as compared to nonhonors students. Although the positive vs negative framing only influenced some of the young adolescents tested in this study, because the influence was consistent, researchers and educators interested in adolescents' decisions involving risky choices might use framing principles to design and assess cognitive interventions for high-risk behaviors among young adolescents.
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Martín Celis, Yudith Milena, and Melba Libia Cárdenas. "Promoting adolescent EFL students’ decision-making through work plans gathered in their portfolios." Folios, no. 39 (January 15, 2014): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17227/01234870.39folios89.105.
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Kim-Spoon, Jungmeen, Rachel Kahn, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Pearl Chiu, Laurence Steinberg, and Brooks King-Casas. "Risky decision making in a laboratory driving task is associated with health risk behaviors during late adolescence but not adulthood." International Journal of Behavioral Development 40, no. 1 (March 24, 2015): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415577825.
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Adolescence is characterized by increasing incidence of health risk behaviors, including experimentation with drugs and alcohol. To fill the gap in our understanding of the associations between risky decision-making and health risk behaviors, we investigated associations between laboratory-based risky decision-making using the Stoplight task and self-reported health risk behaviors. Given that there has been no examination of potential age differences in the associations between risky decision-making and health risk behaviors, we also examined whether the association of risky decision-making with health risk behaviors is consistent across adolescence and adulthood using two-group structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated significant differences across the two age groups: adolescents (17–20 year olds) who took more risks on the Stoplight task reported greater frequency and earlier onset of substance use, whereas stoplight performance was not associated with substance use frequency or onset among adults (31–61 year olds). Our findings suggest that a laboratory-based measure of risky decision-making is significantly related to health risk behaviors among adolescents but not among adults.
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Miller, David C., and James P. Byrnes. "Adolescents' decision making in social situations." Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 22, no. 3 (May 2001): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0193-3973(01)00082-x.
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Sain, Sri Rajesh Kumar. "Adolescents Influence in Family Decision Making." IOSR Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 5 (2013): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487x-1354143.
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Plaga, Stacey L., Kristin Demarco, and Lee P. Shulman. "Prenatal Diagnostic Decision-making in Adolescents." Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 18, no. 2 (April 2005): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2005.01.003.
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Keller, Mary L., Barbara L. Duerst, and Janet Zimmerman. "Adolescents' Views of Sexual Decision-Making." Image: the Journal of Nursing Scholarship 28, no. 2 (June 1996): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1996.tb01204.x.
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Liprie, Mary Lou. "Adolescents' Contributions to Family Decision Making." Marriage & Family Review 18, no. 3-4 (August 12, 1993): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j002v18n03_11.
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Chavda, Hiral, Martin Haley, and Chris Dunn. "Adolescents’ influence on family decision‐making." Young Consumers 6, no. 3 (June 2005): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17473610510701223.
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Shad, Mujeeb U., Anup S. Bidesi, Li-Ann Chen, Binu P. Thomas, Monique Ernst, and Uma Rao. "Neurobiology of decision-making in adolescents." Behavioural Brain Research 217, no. 1 (February 2011): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2010.09.033.
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Supple, Andrew J., and Stephen A. Small. "The Influence of Parental Support, Knowledge, and Authoritative Parenting on Hmong and European American Adolescent Development." Journal of Family Issues 27, no. 9 (September 2006): 1214–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x06289063.
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This study used a community-wide survey of adolescents to compare adolescent perceptions of parental support, knowledge, and authoritative decision making in samples of Hmong and European Americans. Additional analyses considered variation in parental influence on adolescent outcomes across these groups. The results suggested that Hmong American youth perceived less parental support and knowledge and were less likely to report authoritative decision making with parents. Parental support and knowledge were associated with higher self-esteem and grade point average (GPA) and lowered risky health behaviors in both samples. Results also suggested that authoritative decision making by mothers was a more important predictor of adolescent GPA and risky behaviors for the European American adolescents.
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Schiller, Ulene, and Gideon de Wet. "Communication, indigenous culture and participatory decision making amongst foster adolescents." Qualitative Social Work 17, no. 2 (August 30, 2016): 236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473325016662329.
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This paper analyses the experiences of adolescents in foster care placement with specific reference to participatory decision making in an indigenous African cultural context in South Africa. The emphasis is on the voices of foster adolescents in an indigenous African cultural context and their experiences of inequality when communicating and expressing opinions. The theoretical framework adopted was Interactional Communication Theory in which individuals interact through the use of symbols to co-create and interpret meaning. This theory incorporates some elements of systems theory with the emphasis on the interrelatedness quality as integral to the communication processes. A qualitative exploratory research study was done with 29 adolescents in foster care. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 adolescent participants and as well as enriching the data with two focus groups consisting of eight adolescents in each group. Findings indicate a lack of openness of the foster care system in terms of the communication approach, international covenants and legislation that was used. The approach used was not based on interactional practices and perpetuated inequalities amongst adolescents. Also, the socio-cultural context of the foster family played a major inhibiting and determining role for adolescents regarding the level of free and open communication in their placement pertaining to decision making.
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Crone, Eveline A., L. Bullens, E. A. A. van der Plas, E. J. Kijkuit, and P. D. Zelazo. "Developmental changes and individual differences in risk and perspective taking in adolescence." Development and Psychopathology 20, no. 4 (2008): 1213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579408000588.
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AbstractDespite the assumed prevalence of risk-taking behavior in adolescence, the laboratory evidence of risk taking remains scarce, and the individual variation poorly understood. Drawing from neuroscience studies, we tested whether risk and reward orientation are influenced by the perspective that adolescents take when making risky decisions. Perspective taking was manipulated by cuing participants prior to each choice whether the decision was made for “self,” or from the perspective of an “other” (the experimenter in Experiment 1; a hypothetical peer in Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, we show a developmental decrease in risk-taking behavior across different stages of adolescence. In addition, all age groups made fewer risky choices for the experimenter, but the difference between self and other was larger in early adolescence. In Experiment 2, we show that high sensation-seeking (SS) adolescents make more risky choices than low SS adolescents, but both groups make a similar differentiation for other individuals (low risk-taking or high risk-taking peers). Together, the results show that younger adolescents and high SS adolescents make more risky choices for themselves, but can appreciate that others may make fewer risky choices. The developmental change toward more rational decisions versus emotional, impulsive decisions may reflect, in part, more efficient integration of others’ perspectives into one's decision making. These developmental results are discussed regarding brain systems important for risk taking and perspective taking.
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Kafaar, Zuhayr, Leslie Swartz, Ashraf Kagee, Anthea Lesch, and Heather Jaspan. "Adolescent Participation in HIV Vaccine Trials: Cognitive Developmental Considerations." South African Journal of Psychology 37, no. 3 (August 2007): 576–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630703700312.
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Adolescents form an important target group for HIV vaccine trials for a number of reasons. These include the high HIVprevalence and incidence rates amongst adolescents, early sexual debut, multiple sexual partners, and other high-risk sexual behaviours. It has therefore been argued that the focus of HIV vaccination attempts should be on early adolescents younger than 15 years of age. Indeed, vaccination of adolescents prior to their sexual debut has been argued to have the potential to be one of the most effective ways to curb the HIV pandemic. While the biological and epidemiological arguments for vaccination of adolescents have been elucidated, this article offers some insight into the cognitive aspects of decision making in adolescence that may inform strategies vaccine trial sites might employ when dealing with adolescent participants. After a brief overview of the educational, biological, and relationship changes that occur during adolescence, this article explores some of the more pertinent cognitive changes that occur during adolescence. More specifically, this article explores the cognitive changes during adolescence that affect decision making, such as differences between younger and older adolescents in (a) choice, (b) comprehension, (c) creativity, (d) compromise, (e) consequentiality, (f) correctness, (g) credibility, (h) consistency, and (i) commitment. Research findings relating to the above changes are discussed, creating an argument for the exclusion of early adolescents in vaccine trials and the concomitant active engagement with middle adolescents.
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Pomytkina, Liubov, Arthur Gudmanian, Olena Kovtun, and Serhii Yahodzinskyi. "Personal choice: strategic life decision-making and conscience." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 10021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016410021.
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The article highlights the problem of subjective choice in making strategic life decisions and its correlation with conscience. The study describes the nature of strategic life decision-making, determines types of strategic life decisions, discloses the essence of human experiences associated with strategic life decision-making, and provides results of empirical research. Decision-making, as viewed in scientific psychological practice, is an intense cognitive process for which a human actor should be prepared to perform, drawing upon a full range of knowledge, abilities, skills, and personal qualities. Decisions, though varied by type and degree of difficulty and complexity, are united by choice – that is the individual’s choice as such. Crucial moments of decision-making may affect people in myriad ways. This article analyses the experiences of such human actors while making strategic life decisions, defined by scientists to mean outstanding, fateful, associated with great responsibility, with their leading role in human living space, and formation of a person’s way of living. Emotions and emotional responses occupy a space of paramount importance in this type of decision-making. As strategic life decisions are cognizantly and predominantly made mainly in late adolescence, the authors present summarized results of the empirical research that was carried out for several years among students enrolled in a variety of higher educational institutions within Ukraine.
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McCormick, Ethan M., and Eva H. Telzer. "Adaptive Adolescent Flexibility: Neurodevelopment of Decision-making and Learning in a Risky Context." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, no. 3 (March 2017): 413–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01061.
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Research on adolescence has largely focused on the particular biological and neural changes that place teens at risk for negative outcomes linked to increases in sensation-seeking and risky behavior. However, there is a growing interest in the adaptive function of adolescence, with work highlighting the dual nature of adolescence as a period of potential risk and opportunity. We examined how behavioral and neural sensitivity to risk and reward varies as a function of age using the Balloon Analog Risk Task. Seventy-seven children and adolescents (ages 8–17 years) completed the Balloon Analog Risk Task during an fMRI session. Results indicate that adolescents show greater learning throughout the task. Furthermore, older participants showed increased neural responses to reward in the OFC and ventral striatum, increased activation to risk in the mid-cingulate cortex, as well as increased functional OFC–medial PFC coupling in both risk and reward contexts. Age-related changes in regional activity and interregional connectivity explain the link between age and increases in flexible learning. These results support the idea that adolescents' sensitivity to risk and reward supports adaptive learning and behavioral approaches for reward acquisition.
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Shamma, Fathi, and Eisam Asaqli. "Gender Differences in Decision-Making During Adolescence: A Comparison of Jewish and Druze Societies." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 10, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v10n1p60.
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The principal aim of the study was to compare gender differences in the level of autonomy, parental and peer involvement in the decision-making processes of Jewish and Druze adolescents. The method that was chosen to conduct the study was the qualitative research method and to measure the variables in the current study, a questionnaire containing 30 items was developed. The research population includes 243 participants aged 15–18.
The findings partially confirmed the research hypotheses. The study showed four main findings. First, the study showed that no gender differences are apparent between Jewish and Druze adolescents in the overall degree of autonomy or in parents’ and peers’ involvement in their decision making. Second, the study revealed that in both groups of adolescents, boys have more autonomy in making decisions relative to girls. The third finding showed that among both male adolescent groups, friends are more involved in their decisions relative to among both female grops. The final finding showed that there is bigger gap in the Druze culture between boys and girls regarding the degree of parental involvement than in the Jewish culture.
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Fantasia, Heidi C. "Concept Analysis: Sexual Decision-Making in Adolescence." Nursing Forum 43, no. 2 (April 2008): 80–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2008.00099.x.
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Defoe, Ivy N., Judith Semon Dubas, and Daniel Romer. "Heightened Adolescent Risk-Taking? Insights From Lab Studies on Age Differences in Decision-Making." Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6, no. 1 (March 2019): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732218801037.
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Surveys concur that adolescents disproportionately engage in many real-world risk behaviors, compared with children and adults. Recently researchers have employed laboratory risky decision-making tasks to replicate this apparent heightened adolescent risk-taking. This review builds on the main findings of the first meta-analysis of such age differences in risky decision-making in the laboratory. Overall, although adolescents engage in more risky decision-making than adults, adolescents engage in risky decision-making equal to children. However, adolescents take fewer risks than children on tasks that allow the option of opting out of taking a risk. To reconcile findings on age differences in risk-taking in the real-world versus the laboratory, an integrative framework merges theories on neuropsychological development with ecological models that emphasize the importance of risk exposure in explaining age differences in risk-taking. Policy insights and recent developments are discussed.