Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Decision making – Effect of fear on'
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1
Sheppler, Christina. "Warning labels and emotion : the effect of fear on likelihood of use and precautionary intent /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10252.
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Maurer, Laurie Ann. "The Deterrent Effect of the Fear of HIV Disease: Influences on Young Adult Risk-Taking Behaviors." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/438873.
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Public HealthPh.D.
Young adults account for over one in five new HIV diagnoses each year in the United States, and although the total incidence has been decreasing among most groups in recent years, diagnoses among young adults are increasing. To better understand the decision-making processes of young adults 18-24 years old at risk of contracting HIV, as well as the deterrent effect of the fear of HIV on their decision-making, a two-phase study was conducted. Qualitative interviews and focus groups were conducted with young adults (n=31) to gain a comprehensive understanding of their current HIV risk perceptions, decision-making processes, and risky behaviors to inform the second phase of study. The themes and ideas from Phase I, derived through thematic synthesis, were incorporated into a perceptual mapping survey to visually depict young adults’ HIV perceptions and related risk-taking behaviors. The Phase II survey was conducted online via Mechanical Turk to access a diverse sample of young adults (n=226) still at risk of contracting HIV. Both study phases were informed by Social Cognitive Theory and the psychometric paradigm. Results of descriptive analyses and perceptual mapping suggest that HIV is not a factor in young adults’ decision-making and resulting behaviors. Their lack of perceived risk of HIV is exhibited in their continued engagement in unprotected sex, casual sex, lack of sexual history discussion, and infrequent HIV testing. Perceived value of condoms, concerns of pregnancy, and perceptions of the sexual encounter itself, as well as sociodemographic and personality factors, were important factors in their decision-making instead.
Temple University--Theses
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Zhao, Jinling. "The Effects of Fear and Happiness on Intertemporal Decision Making: The Proposed Approach/Avoidance (Inhibition) Motivation Model." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1426718437.
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Farská, Kateřina. "Cognitive Depletion and Its Effect on Decision Making." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165267.
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One of the factors significantly influencing our daily decisions is the so-called cognitive depletion.The theory of cognitive depletion postulates the existence of a limited mental resource that is necessary for self-regulation. If the resource is diminished by a task involving self-control, achievement in subsequent self-control task will be impaired. This project examines the effect of cognitive depletion on decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task designed to simulate real-life decision making involving gains and losses. Further, a possible effect of moderating factors that could be affected by cognitive depletion and consequently influence decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task -- risk preference and impulsivity -- is investigated. Dual-process theories postulate there are two systems involved in decision-making: faster, intuitive, emotional System 1 and slower, deliberative, rational System 2. It was found that cognitive depletion leads to enhancement of System 1. As advantageous decisions in the Iowa Gambling Task are closely related to emotional reactions -- domain of System 1 -- it was hypothesized that cognitive depletion will lead to not worse, or possibly even better results in depleted subjects. A controlled laboratory experiment was conducted involving 39 subjects in total. No difference was found in average desicions of depleted and non-depleted subjects in the Iowa Gambling Task, supporting the hypothesis. Further, short-term increase in impulsivity caused by cognitive depletion was very probably moderating choices in the IGT, leading to worse overall performance. Regarding risk preferences, we found that non-depleted subjects were generally more risk seeking in losses context, while depleted subjects exhibited rather loss aversion. This change in risk behaviors due to cognitive depletion very probably did not mediate choices in the Iowa Gambling Task.
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Basodan, Yosif Abdullah. "The effect of experience on adult decision making processes and decision quality." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239473.
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Remenaric, Destiny. "The Effect of Sex-Specific Stressors on Decision Making." Marietta College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marhonors1398443393.
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Solgos, Justice T. "The Effect of Regulatory Focus on Ethical Decision-Making." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461153442.
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Fatima, Iman. "Prototype Generalization and its effect on Decision-making Process." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för psykologi (PSY), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85353.
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Alkhalil, Mohamad. "Effect of eWOM on consumers purchasing decision making process." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-159686.
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People in the past were trying to get information through libraries, magazines or marketing agencies that were created specifically to attract consumers. In the age of the Internet people have been able to communicate with each other around the world after it was one-way communication in the pre-Internet age. Two-way communication has led to the creation of a product purchase website that encourages people to share and publish their views. Today, people looking for the best and most satisfying purchase option that makes multiple alternatives available. Online reviews can increase or decrease the life of these alternatives in the decision-making process. Due to the importance of online reviews in a person's decision, this study aims to investigate and evaluate how and whether online reviews affect the person's decision-making process. The problem is mainly about people's opinion of online reviews, and why they use them, the impact of the electronic word of mouth versus the word of mouth, to what extent online reviews are used to make potential decisions for consumers. In order to obtain the results of the study, focus group were conducted with four of semi-structured interviews. In order to obtain the results of the study, interviews were conducted with the focus group as well as a number of semi-structured interviews. The results showed the dominance of online reviews of a person's decision. Study participants believe that it is good to rely on online reviews to obtain information, while at the same time believing that these reviews do not affect the final outcome but can affect the details of the product or service to be purchased.
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Jain, Rhea. "The Development of Entrepreneurial Decision Making: The Effect of Feedback and Gender on Risk Taking, Confidence and Decision Making." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1146.
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The study examined the effect of feedback and gender on confidence, risk taking and decision making. Surveys were administered to 88 male and 110 female college students (N=198). Males were shown to be higher in risk taking than females. Individuals who received positive feedback were highest in both risk taking and confidence. Among individuals who received positive feedback, men were especially higher in risk taking and confidence than women. Regarding decision making, the study showed that there was no significant difference between males and females. Although, males had an advantage in the positive feedback condition and a disadvantage in the negative feedback condition, the results were not significant. Decision making was shown to be positively correlated with confidence but not with risk taking. The applications of the findings to entrepreneurship are discussed.
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Myers, Patricia McGarry. "The effect of explanation source and type on auditors' judgment performance." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187206.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of others' explanations for unexpected test results on auditors' judgments of the likelihood that the explanation is correct. Auditors may inherit explanations from various sources. Two primary sources of such explanations are the auditee (client) and a fellow auditor. Two basic types of explanations are error and non-error. Without gathering additional information, auditors cannot know whether a particular unexpected difference is caused by an error (misstatement) or non-error (no misstatement). A between-subjects design is employed to examine how different combinations of source and type of explanation influence auditors' likelihood assessments. This study utilizes an audit scenario wherein subjects inherit an explanation for an unexpected test result. The explanation is attributed to either a fellow auditor or to an auditee. The explanation specifies either an error cause or a non-error cause for the unexpected test result. The description of each source is identical with respect to competency. However, professional skepticism suggests that subjects will attribute varying reliability to the two sources. The two explanations, although different in type, are equally plausible (as determined by a separate of group of subjects who responded to a plausibility survey). Experimental results provide evidence that type of explanation has a significant effect on participants' judgment performance in the form of their assessments of the likelihood of the inherited explanation. Explanations specifying a non-error cause were judged as more likely than explanations specifying an error cause. However, contrary to predictions, the source of the explanation did not affect participants' likelihood assessments. Findings of this study suggest that auditors are more likely to begin with a non-error explanation for an unexpected difference than an error explanation and that the source of an inherited explanation does not have a strong effect on auditors' selection of an initial preferred hypothesis.
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Corey, Joanna Darrow 1986. "The Effect of foreign language processing on moral decision-making." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462817.
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Millones de personas aprenden una lengua extranjera, y algunas de estas personas, como las que trabajan en organizaciones internacionales, la usan a diario como vehículo de comunicación, llevando a cabo juicios y decisiones basándose en información recibida en una lengua extranjera. ¿Qué efecto puede tener el vehículo de la comunicación (lengua extranjera) un efecto sobre las decisiones que toman?
El objetivo de esta tesis es profundizar en nuestro conocimiento sobre el efecto del procesamiento de una lengua extranjera, en comparación con el procesamiento de una nativa, en la toma de decisiones morales. Específicamente, esta tesis investiga la fiabilidad del llamado efecto moral de una lengua extranjera (ej., decisiones tomadas por uno mismo en dilemas morales), su alcance, y lo más importante, sus potenciales orígenes potenciales. Para ello, se recogieron los datos conductuales de miles de participantes, y se analizaron en cuanto a si la lengua tenía un efecto sobre las elecciones y juicios morales realizados. La mayoría de los participantes son estudiantes universitarios nativos de español/catalán que han estudiado el inglés como lengua extranjera, aunque, en la medida de lo posible, se han incluido otras combinaciones lingüísticas.
Los resultados sugieren que el efecto moral de la lengua extranjera, tal y como se descubrió originalmente, ej., elecciones por parte uno mismo en dilemas morales, es robusto y no es atribuible a factores culturales. No obstante, este efecto es menos fiable cuando se les pide a los participantes que juzguen la elección de otra persona. Finalmente, el efecto no se aplica a todos los juicios morales, ej., sobre las transgresiones por parte de otra persona que no involucra una compensación calculada. En conjunto, los resultados sugieren que a) el efecto es probable que se dé cuando uno debe realizar una elección por si mismo que cuando juzga la elección de otra persona, b) el efecto es más probable cuando hay una compensación calculada en el escenario. Respecto a los orígenes del fenómeno, esto sugiere que c) en gran parte el efecto se puede atribuir a un incremento en la distancia psicológica y una reducción en la reactividad emocional, los cuales se asocian típicamente con el procesamiento de una lengua extranjera en comparación con el procesamiento de una lengua nativa. Esto afecta a la interacción de procesos intuitivos y analíticos que conducen a nuestras decisiones (más probablemente partir de la reducción del primer tipo de procesos). Por lo tanto, el efecto de la lengua se aplica más probablemente a las decisiones que involucran un conflicto entre los procesos intuitivos y analíticos.Millions of people learn a foreign language and some of these people, such as those who work in international organizations, use this language daily as the vehicle of communication, making judgments and choices based on information received in this foreign language. What effect might the vehicle of communication (a foreign language) have on the resulting decisions? The aim of this dissertation is to deepen our knowledge of the effect of foreign language processing, versus native language processing, on moral decision-making. Specifically, this dissertation investigates the so-called moral foreign language effect’s reliability (e.g., choices made for oneself in moral dilemmas), its scope and, most importantly, its potential origins. To do so, behavioral data was collected from thousands of participants and analyzed according to whether or not language had an effect on people’s reported moral choices and judgments. The majority of the participants are native speakers of Spanish/Catalan and university students who have studied English as a foreign language, although when possible other language combinations have been included. The findings suggest that the moral foreign language effect as originally found e.g., choices made for oneself in moral dilemmas, is robust and not attributable to cultural factors. However, the effect is less reliable when participants are asked to judge another’s choice. Finally, the effect does not apply to all kinds of moral judgments, e.g., of another’s transgressions that do not involve a calculated trade-off. Together, the findings suggest that a) the effect is most likely to appear when one is asked to make a decision for oneself versus judging another’s choice and b) the effect is more likely when there is a calculated trade-off involved in the scenario. Regarding the origins of the phenomenon, this suggests that c) the effect is largely attributable to an increase in psychological distance and a decrease in emotional reactivity typically associated with foreign language processing compared to native language processing. This affects the interplay of intuitive and analytical processes that drive our decisions (most likely by reducing the former). Thus, the effect of language is most likely to apply to decisions that involve a conflict between intuitive and analytical processes.
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Buck, Elizabeth L. "Effect of biases on economic decision making : an experimental approach." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0005/MQ29666.pdf.
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Mishra, Sandeep, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The motivational effect of need on decision-making under risk." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2580.
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Risk-sensitivity theory predicts that decision-makers shift from risk-aversion to riskpreference
in situations where low-risk options are unlikely to meet their needs. Risksensitive
theory is contrasted with more traditional unbounded models of decision-making
predicting that decision-makers seek to optimize utility in all decisions. In this dissertation, I
review influential theories of decision-making from the various behavioral sciences, and offer
an integrated approach to understanding decision-making informed by evolutionary theory. I
then present evidence suggesting that risk-taking comprises a general phenomenon, inclusive
of such behaviors as gambling and antisocial conduct. Finally, I demonstrate in several
laboratory experiments that conditions of need, such as inequality, are important motivators
of risky behavior. Together, the results suggest that risk-taking represents a functional
triggering of preference for variable outcomes in response to conditions of need, consistent
with risk-sensitivity theory.xiv, 149 leaves ; 29 cm
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Wallace, Wayne A. "The Effect of Confirmation Bias in Criminal Investigative Decision Making." Thesis, Walden University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3687475.
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Confirmation bias occurs when a person believes in or searches for evidence to support his or her favored theory while ignoring or excusing disconfirmatory evidence and is disinclined to change his or her belief once he or she arrives at a conclusion. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether emotionally charged evidence and evidence presentation order could influence an investigator's belief in a suspect's guilt. The study included 166 sworn police officers (basic training recruits, patrol officers, and criminal investigators) who completed online surveys in response to criminal vignettes across different scenarios to record their measure of guilt belief. Analysis of variance was used to assess the relationship between the 3 independent variables: duty assignment (recruit, patrol, investigator), scenario condition (child and adult sexual assault), and evidence presentation order (sequential, simultaneous, reverse sequential). The dependent variable was confirmation bias (Likert-scaled 0–10 guilt judgment). According to the study results, confirmation bias was least evident in criminal investigators with more experience and training, and both emotion and evidence presentation order can influence guilt judgment. The findings generalize to criminal investigators and attest to the importance of working to include and exclude suspects and to withhold judgment until all available evidence is analyzed. Investigators benefit from this study and through their improved decision making, society benefits as well. This study will contribute to the need for professional dialogue concerning objective fact finding by criminal investigators and avoiding incidents of wrongful conviction.
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McMorris, Terry. "The effect of exercise on decision making in team games." Thesis, University of Chichester, 1997. http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/944/.
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A series of experiments was carried out to examine the effect of moderate and maximal exercise on decision-making performance in team games. Subjects' speed and accuracy of decision making were examined using tachistoscopically presented tests of decision making in sports specific tests. The complexity of the decision making tests was manipulated as was the instructional set given to the subjects. Subjects were tested at rest and while exercising at 70% and 100% of their maximal power output (MPO). Multiple analysis techniques showed unequivocally that, regardless of complexity or instructional set, performance at rest was significantly poorer than that during maximal exercise. Observation of the data showed that this difference was mainly due to increases in speed of decision with accuracy making no significant contribution to the results. The results concerning the effect of moderate intensity exercise were equivocal. In some studies performance during exercise at 70% MPO was significantly better than that at rest, while in other studies no significant effect was demonstrated. Similar results were found when comparing performance during 70% and 100% MPO. In all experiments, however, a linear trend was observed. This was due to the contribution of changes in speed of decision, with accuracy making no significant contribution to the results. It was concluded that maximal exercise results in increases in speed of decision making in team games. This can probably be best explained by exercise inducing changes in arousal, which in tum leads to an increase in the available central nervous system levels of allocatable resources. It was further argued that maximal exercise does not stress fit subjects enough to cause the individual to allocate resources to anything other than task specific information. The use of theories of emotionally induced arousal to explain the effect of exercise on decision-making performance was questioned.
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Jin, Victoria Yu-yu. "Effect of organizational structure on performance of decision making teams." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14049.
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Wallace, Wayne A. "The Effect of Confirmation Bias in Criminal Investigative Decision Making." ScholarWorks, 2016. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/hodgkinson/22.
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Confirmation bias occurs when a person believes in or searches for evidence to support his or her favored theory while ignoring or excusing disconfirmatory evidence and is disinclined to change his or her belief once he or she arrives at a conclusion. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether emotionally charged evidence and evidence presentation order could influence an investigator's belief in a suspect's guilt. The study included 166 sworn police officers (basic training recruits, patrol officers, and criminal investigators) who completed online surveys in response to criminal vignettes across different scenarios to record their measure of guilt belief. Analysis of variance was used to assess the relationship between the 3 independent variables: duty assignment (recruit, patrol, investigator), scenario condition (child and adult sexual assault), and evidence presentation order (sequential, simultaneous, reverse sequential). The dependent variable was confirmation bias (Likert-scaled 0–10 guilt judgment). According to the study results, confirmation bias was least evident in criminal investigators with more experience and training, and both emotion and evidence presentation order can influence guilt judgment. The findings generalize to criminal investigators and attest to the importance of working to include and exclude suspects and to withhold judgment until all available evidence is analyzed. Investigators benefit from this study and through their improved decision making, society benefits as well. This study will contribute to the need for professional dialogue concerning objective fact finding by criminal investigators and avoiding incidents of wrongful conviction.
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Kopko, Kyle Casimir. "The Effect of Partisanship in Election Law Judicial Decision-Making." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275415061.
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Albalawi, Tahani F. "Quantifying the Effect of Cognitive Biases on Security Decision-Making." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532529752353789.
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Parry, Emma L. "Effect of assessor team composition on assessment centre decision making." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2000. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12412.
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The present study investigated the impact of a number of assessor characteristics upon the relative contribution of individual assessor ratings to the final assessment centre decision. Berger, Cohen and Zelditch (1966) have suggested that status characteristics such as gender can affect the influence hierarchy of the group in that women are seen to be of a lower status than men and as such are allowed less influence over the group task. It was therefore proposed that male assessors would have more influence over the final assessment centre decision than female assessors.
It has also been suggested that personality characteristics may affect the amount of influence that an individual is allowed over a group discussion. Previous literature has proposed that individuals who demonstrate high dominance and masculinity and low femininity may be allowed more influence over a group decision. The present study also proposes therefore that assessors who show high dominance or masculinity and low femininity will have more influence over the consensus discussion in an assessment centre.
These hypotheses were investigated using two alternate studies. The first of these consisted of a laboratory-based simulation of an assessment centre. The results showed that sex, dominance and masculinity did not have an impact on influence, whereas femininity had a negative effect in that assessors who were less feminine had more influence over the consensus discussion.
The second study was designed to assess the external validity of the findings of the first study using information that from archive records of candidates who participated in a real life assessment centre. The results demonstrated an effect of sex but not of femininity upon influence therefore contradicting the findings of study one.
These findings are discussed with regard to the literature on sex and personality differences in group-decision-making.
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Wallace, Wayne A. "The Effect of Confirmation Bias on Criminal Investigative Decision Making." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/407.
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Confirmation bias occurs when a person believes in or searches for evidence to support his or her favored theory while ignoring or excusing disconfirmatory evidence and is disinclined to change his or her belief once he or she arrives at a conclusion. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine whether emotionally charged evidence and evidence presentation order could influence an investigator's belief in a suspect's guilt. The study included 166 sworn police officers (basic training recruits, patrol officers, and criminal investigators) who completed online surveys in response to criminal vignettes across different scenarios to record their measure of guilt belief. Analysis of variance was used to assess the relationship between the 3 independent variables: duty assignment (recruit, patrol, investigator), scenario condition (child and adult sexual assault), and evidence presentation order (sequential, simultaneous, reverse sequential). The dependent variable was confirmation bias (Likert-scaled 0-10 guilt judgment). According to the study results, confirmation bias was least evident in criminal investigators with more experience and training, and both emotion and evidence presentation order can influence guilt judgment. The findings generalize to criminal investigators and attest to the importance of working to include and exclude suspects and to withhold judgment until all available evidence is analyzed. Investigators benefit from this study and through their improved decision making, society benefits as well. This study will contribute to the need for professional dialogue concerning objective fact finding by criminal investigators and avoiding incidents of wrongful conviction.
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Stoddard, James E. "The effect of group influence on organizational buying." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03042009-041233/.
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Gayer, Christopher. "The Effect of Context and Self-Esteem on Decision Making Competence and Preferences for Collaborative Decision Making in Older Adults." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gerontol_etds/2.
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Older adults increasingly face difficult decisions in life threatening contexts as they move closer to death, become more likely to be diagnosed with life threatening diseases, and encounter more death within their social network (Greenberg, 2011). The purpose of this research was to understand the effect of a life-threatening decision context centered around cancer, self-esteem, other individual difference factors and cancer experience on older adults’ decision making competence, and preferences for collaborative decision making.
Study participants were recruited through online circulation of the study recruitment flyer and in-person solicitations at meetings and other events at community locations (senior centers, civic group centers, and churches, etc.). Participants age 55-90 (N=202) were randomly assigned to either a mundane or life threatening condition and asked to complete the corresponding survey packet containing a measurement questionnaire. Analyses consisted of a series of analyses of variance (ANOVA) and regressions. The dependent variables were 3 major components of the DeBruin et al. (2007) Adult Decision Making Competence Scale: (a) Resistance to Framing, (b) Resistance to Sunk Cost Bias, and (c) Over/under confidence, in addition to a measure of Maximizing Tendency (Diab et al., 2008).
Analyses revealed mixed results. Decision context did have an effect on decision making competence, while self-esteem showed little effect. No main effects or interactions were found between decision context, self-esteem, and preferences for collaborative decision making. Individual difference factors did effect decision making competence, with future time perspective, risk tolerance, and ego-integrity emerging as significant predictors. Furthermore, compelling results emerged pertaining to the effect of previous cancer experience on decision making competence.
Results highlight the lasting effect of context and a previous cancer diagnosis on decision making competence and have implications in health care, psycho-oncology, and treatment decision making domains.
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Sra, Sana. "Circadian Variations and Risky Decision Making." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1291.
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Over the past decades, decision making under risk has garnered a great amount of attention both in the field of economics and psychology. Although state-dependent variabilities of risk taking are well-documented, little is known about the effects of a person’s preferred time of day, or chronotype, in risky decision making. Under circumstances of circadian mismatch (e.g., when an “early bird” makes decisions in the evening), research suggests that decision making may reflect a greater reliance on heuristics, such as using stereotypes in social judgments. However, the effects of circadian mismatch on heuristics in risky decision making are relatively unexplored. This paper looks into the effects of circadian mismatch on the reflection effect: a behavioral bias in financial decision making, wherein individuals are risk averse when facing potential gains, and risk seeking when facing potential losses. Participants will be randomly assigned to their circadian matched or circadian mismatched conditions and will play a series of financial gambling tasks with real monetary incentives. This study predicts that the reflection effect will be exacerbated in circadian mismatched individuals as compared to matched participants. Exploring such an effect could have real-world implications on decision making under risk by providing critical knowledge about the effects of time of day on our susceptibility to behavioral biases. It could therefore point to the existence of a more optimal time of day to engage in such critical decision making.
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Dishong, Donald J. "On studying the effect of information warfare on C2 decision making." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA283639.
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Kennedy, Jillian, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The effect of sexual arousal on risky decision-making / Gillian Kennedy." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3056.
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Sexual arousal is likely an important situational factor in date rape. Research shows that
sexual arousal increases self-reported willingness to engage in sexually aggressive
behaviour. Chapter One reviews the situational, perpetrator, and victim characteristics of
date rape. Chapter Two describes an experiment that examined the effect of sexual
arousal on measures of decision-making, including Risky Choice Task, Balloon
Analogue Risk Task, Future Discounting, and on a measure of Viewing Time.
Participants were 20 heterosexual men and 22 heterosexual women 18 to 25 years old.
Results revealed that sexually aroused women preferred higher variance options
compared to women who were not, and the opposite was observed for men. No other
significant effects were observed. Chapter Three describes Experiment 2 which included
another neutral condition and a measure of sexual decision-making. Results revealed no
effect of condition on behavioural or sexual decision-making, nor on viewing times.
Chapter Four provides a general discussion and directions for future research.ix, 156 leaves; 29 cm
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Mufti, Salman. "The effect of forward and backward reasoning on managerial decision making." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86609.
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Reasoning is the cognitive process used to solve problems and make decisions. This study examined the effect of forward and backward reasoning strategies used by expert managers to make a decision in an unfamiliar problem situation. Expert managers (n = 114) were randomly assigned to one of two reasoning strategy groups: Forward (n = 59) and backward (n = 55). Based on their experience and education, the managers were also categorized into two levels of expertise: Senior managers (n = 26) and middle managers (n = 88). All managers were asked to read a business case study, write their responses using a forward or backward reasoning template, and to identify their reasoning preference. Independent coders were used to code the responses and statistical procedures of ANOVA, binary logistic regression, MANCOVA, and discriminant analysis were used to analyze the coded data. The results showed that senior managers reported a strong preference for backward reasoning while middle managers did not have a specific reasoning preference. Both senior and middle managers in the forward reasoning group, made a risk-averse decision while both senior and middle managers in the backward reasoning group made a risk-taking decision, which resulted in a superior decision outcome. The results also indicated that reasoning strategy specifically influenced the decision outcome through the four factors of decision analysis: Strategic decision, alternatives, criteria, and action plans, with criteria and alternatives emerging as the most important predictors of reasoning strategy. Overall, these findings support cognitive science research in other domains that experts in familiar situations use forward reasoning but in unfamiliar situations revert to backward reasoning, which results in better outcomes. This study has provided further evidence that the common dimensions of expertise are generalizable and replicable in the domain of management.Le raisonnement est le processus cognitif servant à solutionner des problèmes et à prendre des décisions. Cette étude a examiné l'effet des stratégies de raisonnement en chaînage avant et arrière (forward or backward reasoning) utilisées par des gestionnaires spécialisés pour prendre une décision en situation de problème inhabituel. Nous avons divisé au hasard les gestionnaires (n = 114) en deux groupes de stratégie de raisonnement : en chaînage avant (n = 59) et en chaînage arrière (n = 55). De plus, nous les avons regroupés en deux niveaux d'expertise selon leur expérience et leur éducation : les gestionnaires supérieurs (n = 26) et intermédiaires (n = 88). Nous leur avons tous demandé de lire une analyse de rentabilisation et de rédiger leurs réponses à l'aide d'un modèle de raisonnement en chaînage avant ou arrière, puis de préciser leur préférence. Nous avons fait appel à des codeurs indépendants pour traiter les réponses et procédures statistiques d'analyse de variance (ANOVA), de régression logistique binaire et d'analyse de covariance à variables multiples (MANCOVA); de plus, nous avons procédé à une analyse discriminante des données codées. Les résultats ont montré que les gestionnaires supérieurs ont exprimé une nette préférence pour le raisonnement en chaînage arrière (backward reasoning), alors que les gestionnaires intermédiaires n'ont rapporté aucune préférence particulière. Les gestionnaires supérieurs et intermédiaires du groupe de raisonnement en chaînage avant (forward reasoning) ont pris une décision prudente, tandis que les gestionnaires supérieurs et intermédiaires de l'autre groupe ont pris une décision impliquant un risque, ce qui a entraîné un résultat décisionnel supérieur. Les résultats ont aussi indiqué que la stratégie de raisonnement a particulièrement influencé le résultat décisionnel par l'entremise des quatre facteurs d'analyse des décisions : stratégie,
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Gosnell, Greer. "Experiments and externalities : understanding cause and effect in environmental decision making." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3518/.
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The field of behavioral economics enhances the ability of social science research to effectively inform socially efficient climate policy at the microeconomic level, in part due to the dependence of climate outcomes upon present and future human consumption patterns. Since the behavioral field is relatively new, environmental and resource economists still have scarce evidence as to why people make particular decisions. For this thesis, I have conducted both field and laboratory experiments to address market failures highly relevant to environmental outcomes, namely international public goods problems and externalities from fuel and resource consumption. My methodology capitalizes upon the benefits of each experimental methodology—laboratory, artefactual, framed, and natural—to capture the effects of particular informational and contextual elements on subsequent behavior. While each methodology has its potential advantages and shortcomings, I contend that the complete toolkit is necessary to study a broad range of relevant environmental contexts. For instance, while natural field experiments are generally considered the “gold standard” in terms of exogeneity and generalizability, many settings in which field experimentation may provide tremendous insight preclude randomization across unknowing subjects. Similarly, researchers may not have access to populations of interest, though lab experimentation may still provide insights into the behavior of these populations or reveal motivations not yet captured in neoclassical utility functions. In this thesis, I will detail results from one of each experimental type, each suited to the context of interest. The natural field experiment in Chapter 2 aims to discern whether there is a role for environmental preferences and cognitive dissonance to play in encouraging individuals to engage in resource-conserving behaviors, and suggests that the latter may be effective in changing the behavior of green consumers. Chapter 3 presents the results of a large-scale framed field experiment comprising all eligible captains in Virgin Atlantic Airways, which tested the impacts of personalized information, tailored targets, and prosocial incentives on captains’ performance of fuel-efficient behaviors. In addition to documenting a substantial Hawthorne effect, we provide intent-to-treat estimates of the three types of feedback to show that tailored targets are the most (cost) effective strategy of those implemented. I introduce a complementary artefactual field experiment in Chapter 4, which allows for detailed scrutiny of captains’ fuel efficiency based on their social preferences as well as preferences and attitudes toward risk and uncertainty. I find that more risk-averse captains are more prone to over-fuel, that prosocial incentives increase captains’ well-being, and that revealed altruism increases responsiveness to prosocial incentives. Finally, Chapter 5 aims to provide insight into the effects of “side deals” in facilitating cooperation on international climate agreements. Using a lab experiment, we find that side deals alter the composition of group contribution to climate change mitigation, eliciting increased effort on the part of players with higher wealth.
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Hu, Chen. "Order matters : the effect of sequential presentation on economic decision making." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS132.
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Les théories standard de la décision supposent que les choix sont basés sur une lecture de valeurs instantanée à partir de fonctions d’utilité stables. Par conséquent, les résultats de la prise de décision devraient être indépendants de la manière dont les informations sont acquises. Cependant, les informations liées à un choix sont souvent rencontrées de manière séquentielle. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons tenté de caractériser l’influence des présentations séquentielles sur la prise de décision économique. Dans notre première étude, nous avons utilisé une tâche de choix entre options multiples, impliquant une présentation séquentielle des différentes options. Nous avons démontré que l'ordre de présentation pouvait influencer la direction de la comparaison de valeur : les sujets étaient plus susceptibles de choisir la meilleure option lorsqu'elle était présentée au début d'un essai. Nous supposons que cela est dû à un processus actif mais implicite de comparaison par paires au cours du processus d'échantillonnage séquentiel. Nous avons validé ce modèle formellement via une comparaison de modèles bayésienne. Dans la deuxième étude, nous avons comparé la présentation simultanée d'informations sur deux options à deux attributs avec diverses présentations séquentielles. Nous avons constaté que les informations précoces, relatives à une première option ou d’un premier attribut, peuvent moduler le poids donné aux informations plus tardives et expliquer les variations du temps de réponse. Dans l’ensemble, nous avons démontré que l’ordre de présentation influence le choix, ce qui invite à une révision de la théorie de la décision standardStandard decision theories presume that choices are based on instantaneous value readouts from stable utility functions. Therefore, decision-making outcomes should be independent of how information about alternative options is acquired. However, in daily life, people often encounter choice-related information sequentially. Previous studies have reported that the encounter order could influence the final choice. During the PhD, we tried to characterize the influence of sequential presentation on economic decision making. In the first study of this PhD thesis, we used a multi-alternative choice task with a sequential presentation of choice options. It has been shown that the order of sequential presentation can influence the direction of value comparison and generate observable behavior signatures: subjects were more likely to choose the best option when it was presented early in a trial. We assume that this is due to active covert pairwise comparisons during the sequential sampling process. We have validated this account using a formal Bayesian model comparison. In the second study, we contrasted the simultaneous presentation of binary bi-attribute choice information with various sequential presentations. We found that when presented with one option first or one attribute first, the early information can influence the weight assignment to late information and accounts for variations in response time. Summing up the evidence, we learned that the influence of presentation order on choice is not neutral; therefore, asking for a revision of standard decision theory
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Woodhead, Erin L. "Debiasing the framing effect in younger and older adults' medical decision making." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4569.
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Hacker, Marla E. "The Effect of Decision Aids on Work Group Performance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30690.
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Organizations increasingly use work groups to
perform process improvement tasks. Little
research exists about groups assigned
complete tasks such as process improvement
which involves completing all group processes,
such as: generating, selecting, negotiating, and
executing. This research tested the impact of
decision aids on work group processes and
work group performance. Laboratory and field
experiments were performed. Decision aids
were shown to impact work group processes.
Decision aids increased the number of ideas
considered by the work group, increased the
equality of participation in the work group,
decreased the overall level of conversation,
and reduced consensus during evaluation of
sensitive issues. No significant difference was
found between decision aid types and work
group performance. A regression model was
identified which predicts group performance.
Two variables were high predictors of work
group performance: the level of conversation
occurring in the group and the range between
high and low idea contributors. The range
between high and low idea contributors was
correlated with the skill level of participants in
the group.Ph. D.
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Lewendon, Jane. "The effect of overshadowing bias on individual decision making and referral pathways." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412217.
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Bolen, Kimberly Rose. "The effect of mood on decision-making : a role for personal experience /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-3/bolenk/kimberlybolen.pdf.
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Spence, Mark Thomas. "The moderating effect of problem characteristics on the expertise-decision-making link." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186338.
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The goal of this research was to demonstrate that there are benefits to expertise when solving complex problems that have ambiguous characteristics. This research effort was motivated by the expertise-performance paradox (Camerer and Johnson 1991), a counter-intuitive finding that despite greater domain-specific knowledge of experts relative to novices, they are little if at all better in terms of the quality of decision outputs. However, much of the previous research required integrating a small number of clearly defined inputs to reach a pre-specified objective. In such environments--which are hardly representative of real-world managerial problems--there may be insufficient latitude for experts to demonstrate their superior problem-solving ability. To achieve our objective, we explored how providing or withholding a decision aid (which helps to identify inputs) and varying the level of noise inherent in externally available information (which affects the ability to evaluate inputs) moderates the expertise-decision making link. Eight hypotheses were proposed which were tested by running a 2 x 2 x 2 between-subjects experiment (expert/novice by decision aid/no aid by low versus high input noise). Relative to novices, we found that experts were better at selecting diagnostic inputs and evaluating non-quantified inputs. As a result, they made more accurate and tightly clustered decisions. They were also more confident in their decisions, but their confidence level exceeded what was justified by their greater accuracy. The benefits of expertise were more pronounced when solving less structured problems. Without the aid, novices' decisions degraded considerably: there was greater variability in their judgments; they were more prone to extreme errors; their mean error increased; and the calibration of their judgments decreased. Experts, in contrast, were less frequently affected by the aid manipulation. We therefore conclude that experts outperform novices when solving complex problems with ambiguous characteristics because they can impose a more meaningful structure onto such problems which reduces a greater portion of the problem's uncertainty. These findings provide important evidence regarding expert-novice performance differences by advancing our knowledge of when experts outperform novices and why they are able to do so.
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Cicmil, Nela. "Effect of reward on visual perceptual decision-making in humans and non-human primates." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589747.
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When primates make decisions about sensory signals, their choices are biased by the costs and benefits associated with different possible outcomes. However, much remains unknown about the neuronal mechanisms by which reward information is integrated into the perceptual decision-making process. I used electrophysiological, psychophysical and imaging techniques to explore the effect of reward on sensory representations, whilst humans and monkeys made perceptual judgements about structure-from-motion (SFM) stimuli. Electrical microstimulation of visual area V5/MT in the macaque monkey was used to bias per- ceptual judgements, under different available reward sizes for correct choices. The behavioural effect of microstimulation interacted with available reward, and, in the context of a drift diffu- sion model of decision-making, the results demonstrated that reward must influence sensory processing before visual signals and micro stimulation signals are accumulated in sensorimotor areas. In a parallel human psychophysics experiment, viewers made decisions about SFM stim- uti whilst their choices were biased towards one outcome or the other by unequal pay-offs. A full drift -diffusion model was fitted to human choice and reaction time data. There was a signif- icant effect of reward on model drift rate, a parameter known to be dependent upon evidence represented in sensory brain regions. A second set of experiments used magneto encephalography (MEG) to explore activity in visual , areas in human cortex and the effects of reward. Brain responses to retinotopic visual stimuli were localized with three different MEG source analysis methods, and localization accuracy was evaluated by comparison with fMRI maps obtained in the same individuals. The results demon- strated that the beamformer and minimum norm estimate (MNE) methods were most suitable for investigating early visual activity with MEG. Human brain activity was then recorded with MEG whilst viewers made perceptual judgements about SFM stimuli, under unequal pay-offs. The results revealed an effect of reward size on early MEG responses in the region of the occipi- tal cortex and visual precuneus. Taken together, the experiments presented in this thesis provide consistent evidence that in- formation about reward can influence the processing of sensory information during perceptual decisions.
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Azam, Akbar <1974>. "Strategic decision making in international firms: effect of top management team internationalization on international strategic decision process." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6886/.
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In this research project, I have integrated two research streams on international strategic decisions making in international firms: upper echelons or top management teams (TMT) internationalization research and international strategic decision making process research. Both research streams in international business literature have evolved independently, but there is a potential in combining these two streams of research. The first empirical paper “TMT internationalization and international strategic decision making process: a decision level analysis of rationality, speed, and performance” explores the influence of TMT internationalization on strategic decision rationality and speed and, subsequently, their effect on international strategic decision effectiveness (performance). The results show that the internationalization of TMT is positively related to decision effectiveness and this relationship is mediated by decision rationality while the hypotheses regarding the association between TMT internationalization and decision speed, and the mediating effect of speed were not supported. The second paper “TMT internationalization and international strategic decision rationality: the mediating role of international information” of my thesis is a simple but logical extension of first paper. The first paper showed that TMT Internationalization has a significant positive effect on international strategic decision rationality. The second paper explicitly showed that TMT internationalization affect on international strategic decision rationality comes from two sources: international experience (personal international knowledge and information) and international information collected from managerial international contacts. For this research project, I have collected data from international software firms in Pakistan. My research contributes to the literature on upper echelons theory and strategic decision making in context of international business and international firms by explicitly examining the link between TMT internationalization and characteristics of strategic decisions making process (i.e. rationality and speed) in international firms and their possible mediating effect on performance.
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Jin, Yuze. "Entrepreneurial decision for rural development under social network effect." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244534.
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Wifall, Timothy C. "The effect of punishment on the actor/observer asymmetry in risky decision making." Click here for download, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1310412371&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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KC, Raghabendra Pratap. "Essays on social influences in decision making." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284720.
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This dissertation reports a series of studies on social influences in decision making with wide ranging marketing implications in areas such as gamification initiatives, participative pricing mechanisms, and charity fundraising strategies. The body of this work comprises of three indepth, stand-alone studies. The first study, "Contagion of the Competitive Spirit: The Influence of a Competition on Non-Competitors", investigates the influence of a competition on noncompetitors who do not participate in it but are aware of it. In a series of experimental studies, the study shows that the mere awareness of a competition can affect a non-competitor's performance in similar tasks. These experiments provide confirmatory and process evidence for this contagion effect, showing that it is driven by heightened social comparison motivation due to mere awareness of the competition. In addition, the study finds evidence that the reward level for the competitors could moderate the contagion effect on the non-competitors. The second study, "The Negative Effects of Precommitment on Reciprocal Behaviour: Evidence from a Series of Voluntary Payment Experiments", examines the effects of precommitment on reciprocal behaviour towards a forthcoming benefit. Through a series of experiments in several countries, the study shows that precommitment often weakens reciprocal behaviour. In two field experiments, a laboratory and an online experiment, the study finds consistent evidence that voluntary payment amounts decrease for individuals who are asked to precommit their payment. The results from a final online trust-game experiment support the posited mental-accounting mechanism for the effect. The third study, "Hold-Up Induced by Demand for Fairness: Theory and Experimental Evidence", explores the domain of hold-up and fairness concerns. While recent research suggests that fairness concerns could mitigate hold-up problems, this study proposes a starkly opposite possibility: that fairness concerns can also induce hold-up problems and thus significant inefficiencies. The study reports theoretical analysis and experimental evidence of hold-up in scenarios in which it will not occur if agents are purely self-interested, but could occur if they care about fairness at ex post negotiation.
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Chapman, Taryn Elizabeth. "The effect of management structure and communication architecture on naturalistic decision-making performance /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsc4665.pdf.
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Weiss, Virginia. "Effect of Social Peers on Risky Decision Making in Male Sprague Dawley Rats." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/78.
Full textAbstract:
Adolescence is a time associated with increased risk taking and peer relations. Research has shown that adolescents are more vulnerable to peer pressure compared to adults, leading to exacerbated risk taking. Preclinical research suggests that these findings may also be applicable to adolescent rodents, which find social interaction rewarding and are prone to risky behavior. There is, however, little research on the effect of social interaction on rodent models of risky decision-making. This thesis utilized social chambers, which consisted of adjacent operant chambers separated by wire mesh. Adolescent rats performed a risky decision-making task in which they had a choice between a small and large reward (associated with a mild footshock, which increased in probability across the session). Experiment 1 determined if the presence of peer altered performance on the task after stability. Experiment 2 determined if the presence of a peer altered performance on the task during acquisition. Results of Experiment 1 revealed no significant changes. Results from Experiment 2 revealed a significant increase in preference for the risky reward in the group of rats that had daily exposure to a social peer. These results provide evidence that social influence on risk taking can be modeled in rodents.
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Barker-Ellis, Clare Helen. "The effect of acquired brain injury on theory of mind and decision making." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7790/.
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VOLUME ONE: The first paper is a meta-analysis of theory of mind (ToM) impairment in individuals who have experienced a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Twenty-eight comparisons of TBI and control group performance on four ToM tasks were analysed: first-order belief (FOTOM), second order belief (SOTOM), understanding indirect speech (IS) and social faux pas tasks. Medium to large effect sizes indicated moderate to severe impairment in ToM abilities in individuals who have experienced a TBI. The highest effect size was observed in understanding IS (SMD=0.92), followed by faux pas (SMD=0.83), SOTOM (SMD=0.80) and finally FOTOM (SMD=0.53). Evidence is presented regarding the severity of, and factors influencing ToM impairment in individuals who have experienced a TBI. The second paper is an empirical research study of the role of cognitive biases in healthcare decision-making. Patients with multiple sclerosis (n=58), non-neurological orthopaedic patients (n=46) and healthy control participants (n=55) completed a series of computerised experiments. Implications for a Dual Process account of reasoning are discussed and clinical applications of findings for the development of treatment decision aids are identified. The third paper is an executive summary for the dissemination of findings to the public and relevant stakeholders. VOLUME TWO: Five Clinical Practice Reports.
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Dershowitz, Adam L. (Adam Lee) 1967. "The effect of options on pilot decision making in the presence of risk." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10014.
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Van, der Walt J. C. "The effect of incentive based directors' remuneration on ethical decision making in organisations." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49796.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The historical development of the role of directors in public listed companies contains inherent tensions by reference to the fiduciary responsibility of directors and the method in which directors are remunerated. The nature of incentive based remuneration is such that it will compel directors, in certain circumstances, to weigh their interests against those towards whom they owe a duty of care and a moral responsibility to act with prudence and temperance. The modem day corporate environment is complex and calls for directors with strong ethical views. This assignment endeavours to identify some of the complexities that contribute towards directors finding it difficult to stay on the ethical "straight and narrow" and attempts to weigh the effect of those factors against the effect of incentive remuneration, both as detractors from ethical behaviour. Both the shareholder supremacy business model and the stakeholder approach are analysed to identify those factors present in each that may add to the ethical complexity that directors have to deal with. The advent of the stakeholder approach in particular, adds an enormous amount of complexity. The case studies deal with two South African financial services companies that have both ceased trading as a consequence of unethical behaviour. The incentive remuneration models of both companies have been found to have played a major contributing role in the decision making processes in the companies, and have contributed to the demise of these organisations. Lessons are taken from the case studies and applied against the backdrop of the various principles of ethical behaviour namely rights, utility, justice and the ethics of responsibility. The finding of this study is that there is a role for incentive remuneration of directors, provided that the ethical pitfalls that this causes are recognised and steps taken to address them. Some of these steps are identified.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die historiese ontwikkeling van die direkteursrol, en spesifiek van openbare genoteerde maatskappye bevat inherente teenstrydighede met verwysmg na direkteursvergoeding en die vertrouensverpligtinge wat op direkteure rus. Die aard van direkteursvergoeding met 'n aansporingskomponent is so dat dit 'n direkteur van tyd tot tyd in 'n posisie plaas waar hy tussen sy eie belange en die van die ander belanghebbendes in 'n maatskappy, aan wie hy dit verskuldig is om met verdrag en versigtig op te tree, moet kies. Die hedendaagse maatskappyomgewing is kompleks van aard, en vereis direkteure met sterk etiese oortuigings. Hierdie werkstuk poog om sommige van die komplekse faktore wat afbreuk doen aan 'n direkteur se vermoe om ten alle tye streng eties op te tree, te identifiseer en op te weeg teen die effek wat direkteursvergoeding speel - beide as items wat afbreuk doen aan etiese optrede. Hier word ondersoek ingestel na beide die sogenaamde "aandeelhouersmodel" asook die" belanghebbende" model waarvolgens besigheid bedryf word. Die ontsluimering van die belanghebbende model veroorsaak spesifiek 'n aansienlike hoeveelheid etiese kompleksiteit. Die gevallestudies behandel twee Suid Afrikaanse fmansiele instellings wat hul bedrywighede gestaak het as gevolg van onetiese optrede deur direkteure. Die aansporingskomponent van die vergoedingsrnodelle in daardie maatskappye blyk 'n groot bydraende faktor te wees in die onetiese besluitneming wat plaasgevind het, en wat uiteindelik tot die ondergang van die ondernemings gelei het. Laastens, word die lesse wat geleer is uit die gevallestudies, toegepas in gewysigde format, en getoets aan die hand van die verskillende beginsels wat etiese besluitneming onderhou, naamlik die beginsels van regte, regverdigheid, utiliteit en die beginsel van etiese verantwoordelikheid. Daar word tot die slotsom gekom dat daar wel ruimte vir aansporingskemas vir direkteure is, maar dat dit slegs eties regverdigbaar sal wees mits ag geslaan word op die lesse wat uit die gevallestudie voortspruit, tesame met die impementering van sekere korrektiewe maatstawwe.
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Gerbec, Erin Nicole. "Image Theory: An Experimental Study of the Effect of Feedback on Decision Making." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1332128731.
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Hall, Carrie E. "THE EFFECT OF COUNTERFACTUAL PRIMES ON INFORMATION SHARING BIASES DURING GROUP DECISION MAKING." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1082986410.
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Mishra, Himanshu Kumar. "Ignorance is bliss the information malleability effect /." Diss., University of Iowa, 2006. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/60.
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Wu, Xiaoxuan. "THE TRADE-UPGRADE FRAMING EFFECT ON PURCHASE DECISION MAKINGS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/582580.
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Business Administration/MarketingPh.D.
When making decisions, consumers often do not follow principles of normative economic theories but those of behavioral ones. Framing effect – one of the most robust phenomena in behavioral research – has been found to influence consumers’ choices and judgment in purchase decisions. In price promotion practices, however, it is not well understood whether framing a product replacement purchase as a trade-in or an upgrade affects consumers’ purchase decision making process. This dissertation research aims to explore the trade-upgrade framing effect on product replacement purchase decisions and to examine the mechanisms through which such effect manifests itself. The results have demonstrated that consumers prefer a price promotion framed as upgrade to a financially equivalent one framed as trade-in, especially when the upgrade promotion is presented after the trade-in one. Furthermore, the framing effect and order effect are mediated by affect and influenced by cognitive focus, semantic cues, and systematic processing. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed at the end.
Temple University--Theses
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Diller, James W. "Effects of response effort, delay, and stimulus changes on the sunk-cost effect." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10028.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 93 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-93).