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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Decision-Making assistance'
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Oyelakin, Tesleem Olanrewaju. "Improvement on performance evaluation for a service providing process (With specific focus on material availability, administrative assistance, service quality and opening hour)." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24135.
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Improvement is an essential act for restricting increasing performance pressure in organizational activities. In this paper, a framework for carrying out performance measurement process in order to strengthen the balanced score card application is developed. The proposed framework is increased to 11 procedural steps with the modification of analytic hierarchy process methods (AHP) within the balanced score card (BSC) problem solving and continuous improvement. The framework was examined with a case study of city library in Sweden. The framework enabled the service providers’ as the decision maker to assess their performance on their service rendering with respect to customer requirement, identify key measures and select the most preferred and improvement means. The motivation for this proposed framework was evident of how the step 4 can be prioritized by addressing the measure to be taken that can lead the organization in improving their performance.
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Dickert, Stephan. "Two routes to the perception of need : the role of affective vs. deliberative information processing in prosocial behavior /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7232.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.Typescript. "This dissertation investigates the role of affective vs. deliberative information processing in the genesis and use of emotional reactions in decisions to provide financial aid to people in distress"--P. iv. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-175). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Mamuji, Aaida. "Understanding Government Decision-Making: Canada’s Disaster-Relief in Haiti and Pakistan." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31704.
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Canada coordinates its responses to natural disasters abroad through implementing its ‘whole-of-government’ policy framework. The two largest natural disasters that struck in 2010 were the January earthquake in Haiti and the flooding in Pakistan seven months later. In contrast to the fast and robust earthquake relief provided to Haiti, Canada’s response to the Pakistan floods was minimal, especially when considering the extent of damage sustained. This dissertation applies a public administration lens to trace factors that led to the Government of Canada’s 2010 disaster-relief decisions. It develops a multi-level theoretical framework to holistically explore the role of problem-definition in shaping decision-making. It applies historical institutionalism at the macro level; recognizes the role of case-specific details and arenas at the meso level; and uses the logic of appropriateness to identify informal institutions affecting individual action at the micro level.
Analysis of interviews, government documents and media coverage indicates that bureaucratic actors involved in the whole-of-government approach recognize that their role is ultimately removed from final disaster-relief decisions. There is an informal acceptance that political will, more than needs in the disaster-affected region, shapes implementation decisions. Consequently, technical assessment is inadvertently affected, and recommendations reflect what is deemed most in line with ministerial disposition to assist. The primary motivators for Government of Canada action are found to be the gaining of public support or the need to subdue targeted criticisms. Findings indicate that as a result of its media appeal, there was a strong incentive for the deployment of military assets in response to the earthquake in Haiti, even when doing so was not in the best interest of the affected region. Where Canada could respond only with non-military means, there was less incentive for action. This leads to supply-driven relief rather than a needs-based humanitarian response.
With the developed theoretical framework, process-mapping and media analysis methodologies, and the actor-centred approach adopted, the dissertation makes theoretical and empirical contributions to existing public administration literature on decision-making and problem definition. It also presents a hitherto unexplored perspective on donor behaviour for consideration by international relations and development scholars.
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Isaac, Annette. "Education reform in the Eastern Caribbean : implications of a policy and decision-making program by an external donor." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37901.
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This study analyzes the participation of foreign donors in long-term education reform in the small countries of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). Central to this reform is the development of suitable and sustainable policy and decision-making structures, a relatively new activity for the sub-region's planners and educators. This research seeks to investigate how Canada's input into strengthening and supporting these key policy and decision-making structures of the education reform project may affect the sub-region's expectations for a more indigenous and relevant education system.The background for these issues arose out of my familiarity with the challenges facing OECS Ministries of Education in reconciling their own needs in education with the interests of the donor community. In addition, in colonial times, Britain had considerable influence on every aspect of education in the Caribbean, and, in the post-colonial period, Canada had long-term involvement in human-resource development in the sub-region. This raises questions of the viability of reform of the OECS education system to reflect its own development priority needs, culture and values, when a foreign force is significantly involved in funding the development of the key policy and decision-making structures. How dependent are the OECS countries on Canadian assistance to implement their education reform agenda? The dynamics between aid and sovereignty are also of critical importance, given the Eastern Caribbean's history of colonialism and dependency. These issues have frequently been debated in the context of international assistance in the OECS but, to date, there has not been much in-depth qualitative research on such topics, from the academic community.
Drawing on dependency theory, and on qualitative research techniques, this thesis critically examines the historical, social, and international development factors of significance in such an inquiry. The study also makes recommendations for future relationships between the donor community and the OECS in the education sector.
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Ruiz-Brand, Francisco Javier. "A decision support tool for accepting or rejecting donations in humanitarian relief organizations." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000457.
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Gowda, Vidya. "Credibility of a Person-Centered Design Decision-making Prototype: Spaces for Older Persons with Vision Loss." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81388.
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Decline in both visual acuity and visual performance is a fact of life for older people and their increasing share of the population requires that buildings be designed with their visual needs in mind. As their field of vision decreases, people find it harder to identify an objects location, distance, and orientation. Elderly people with vision impairments usually find it harder to perform daily activities such as navigation through indoor spaces. Functional vision can be improved by modifying the design of spaces, for example, with better lighting. However, architects typically do not know how to take the needs of the visually impaired into account in their design process, or simply do not think of doing so. The researcher designed and feasibility-tested a prototype person-centered tool to help architects judge how appropriate a designed space will be for visually impaired people. The study was conducted as a qualitative mixed-methodology research analysis. The researcher used knowledge from literature interpretation to rationalize the development of a person-centered prototype. The researcher immersed design PhD students and vision science experts to inform the prototyping process. Along with an expert group of design and vision science professionals, the researcher beta-tested the prototype during a mock design-process scenario. The researcher also selected a small group of industry experts to participate in open-ended interviews on post-use demonstrations to qualitatively triangulate the findings on the prototypes usability. The study summarizes the feasibility including the challenges of using the prototype for professional purposes and suggests improvement.Ph. D.
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Stepping, Katharina M. K. [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Voigt. "The Donor-Intermediary Interaction and the Decision-Making Process of Intermediaries for Development Assistance for Health / Katharina Magdalena Karoline Stepping. Betreuer: Stefan Voigt." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027184103/34.
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Cornet, Henriette [Verfasser], Gabriele [Akademischer Betreuer] Weber-Blaschke, K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Richter, G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wulfhorst, and G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weber-Blaschke. "Sustainability screening tool for decision-making assistance in the field of urban mobility / Henriette Cornet. Gutachter: K. Richter ; G. Wulfhorst ; G. Weber-Blaschke. Betreuer: Gabriele Weber-Blaschke." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025337700/34.
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Cornet, Henriette J. J. [Verfasser], Gabriele [Akademischer Betreuer] Weber-Blaschke, K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Richter, G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wulfhorst, and G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weber-Blaschke. "Sustainability screening tool for decision-making assistance in the field of urban mobility / Henriette Cornet. Gutachter: K. Richter ; G. Wulfhorst ; G. Weber-Blaschke. Betreuer: Gabriele Weber-Blaschke." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20120731-1097329-1-9.
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Lawrence-Fuller, Marilyn Susie. "The effect of perceived control on the decision to withdraw from an organization in an inequitable situation." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2664.
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This project attempts to explain impulsive behavior which is described here as behavior that cannot be explained by a rational thought process. There will be a concentration on the direct relationship between perceptions of equity and the intention to quit.
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Lekezwa, Bongisa Indira. "The impact of social grants as anti-poverty policy instruments in South Africa : an analysis using household theory to determine intra-household allocation of unearned income." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6653.
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Thesis (MComm)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Social assistance is a large and fiscally costly component of anti-poverty policy in South Africa and therefore lends to the questions: Are the grants effective tools for reducing poverty in South Africa and, moreover, how significant is their impact on poverty? As a measure of reducing poverty and improving the non-social indicators of the poor, the government has expanded the social grants since the advent of the new democracy. The country‟s social grant system is advanced and covers a broad range of individuals, as it is intended to cover vulnerable individuals over their life course from childhood to adulthood and into old age. Policy discourse surrounding the grants centres on the sustainability of the system and their implications for development. It is therefore important that their significance is shown and that their impact is illustrated by highlighting their reach into severely poor households. As a measure of poverty alleviation on their own, the grants are not enough and South Africa‟s poverty alleviation strategy has to rest primarily on economic growth and job creation. In addition, there are significant challenges in the system, such as the fact that there is no poverty grant targeted specifically at the unemployed; consequently, too much strain is placed on the resources of grant-receiving households that the whole household is plunged into poverty. Accordingly, the question this raises is: How can government solve the problem of the poor clustering around these grants? This dissertation will systematically show that the use of social security as a poverty-alleviating tool is effective given the extent of poverty in South Africa and the limitations on resources. It will also show that the decision-making structures in households influence the way grants affect the resource allocation needed for achieving lower levels of poverty. The extent to which the cash transferred to poor households via the grant programmes reduces poverty is likely to be influenced significantly by the decision-making structures in the grant-receiving households. There is evidence that grant money is shared in extended households, which suggests that decision making is broadly unitary or cooperative. However, we can only observe the outcomes and not the decision-making process in this regard and therefore can only draw tentative conclusions. Although there is cause for concern regarding the propensity of social grants to affect people‟s behaviour negatively, there is a case to be made for retaining grants as an important, though not the only, form of anti-poverty strategy. This highlights the need for continued research on the labour market and the social grants causal relationship. It also shows that research into the fertility effects of the grants is wanting, especially if there are speculative concerns that might inform policy on the impact of CSG on fertility.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sosiale bystand is „n groot en duur fiskale komponent van anti-armoede verligtingsbeleid in Suid Afrika en lei daarom tot die vrae: Is die toelaes effektiewe instrumente om armoede te verlig in Suid Afrika, en nog meer, hoe noemenswaardig is hulle impak op armoede? As „n maatstaf om armoede te verlig en die nie-sosiale armoede- aanwysers te verbeter van die armes, het die regering die sosiale toelaes vermeerder sedert die aanvang van demokrasie. Die land se sosiale toelae stelsel is gevorderd en dek „n wye verskeidenheid groepe van individue, aangesien dit bedoel is om weerlose individue te dek vanaf kind tot volwassene deurlopend tot die bejaarde. Beleidsdiskoers om die toelaes fokus op die volhoubaarheid van die stelsel en die implikasies daarvan vir ontwikkeling. Dit is daarom van belang dat die belangrikheid hiervan uitgewys word en die impak daarvan geillustreer word, deur op hul trefkrag te fokus in die armste van huishoudings. As „n middel to armoedeverligting op sigself is toelaes nie voldoende nie, en Suid-Afrika se armoede verligtingstrategie moet hoofsaaklik lê in werkskepping en ekonomiese groei. Verder is daar belangrike uitdagings in die stelsel, soos byvoorbeeld die feit dat daar geen armoede toelaes spesifiek gemik op die werkloses is nie; „n gevolg hiervan is dat daar te veel druk geplaas word op die bronne van die huishoudings wat toelaes ontvang en dat die hele huishouding in armoede gedompel word. Gevolglik ontstaan die vraag: Hoe kan die regering die probleem oplos van konsentrering van die armes rondom die toelaes? Hierdie dissertasie sal sistematies wys dat die gebruik van sosiale sekuriteit as „n armoede- verligtingsbeleid is effektiek gegewe die omvangreikheid van armoede in Suid Afrika en die beperkings op bronne. Dit sal ook wys dat die besluitnemingstrukture in huishoudings beinvloed die manier waarop toelaes die bron-allokasie beinvloed om laer vlakke van armoede te bereik. Die vlak waartoe die kontant oordraging na die arm huishoudings via die toelaes die vlak van armoede verlig word in alle waarskynlikheid tot „n groot mate beinvloed deur die besluitnemingstrukture in sodanige huishoudings wat toelaes ontvang. Daar is bewyse dat die toelaes gedeel word in uitgebreide huishoudings, wat daarop aandui dat besluitneming breedweg unitêr geneem word of gesamentlik. Ons kan egter slegs die uitkomste en nie die besluitnemingsproses in die verband bespeur nie en kan daarom slegs tot tentatiewe gevolgtrekkings kom. Alhoewel daar wel rede to kommer is vir die geneigdheid van toelaes om mense se gedrag negatief te beinvloed, is waar wel „n saak om toelaes te behou, hoewel nie as die enigste, maar wel as „n belangrike vorm van armoedeverligting. Dit lê die klem op die nodigheid van deurlopende navorsing op die arbeidsmark en die toelae- oorsaaklikheidsverhouding. Dit wys ook dat navorsing op die vrugbaarheidseffek van die toelaes is nodig, veral as daar spekulatiewe besorgdheid is wat die beleid op die impak van kindertoelaes op fertiliteit mag beinvloed.
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Persson, Flisager Josefine. "Biståndshandläggarens beslutsfattande : En balans mellan behov, insatser och resurser." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-8555.
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I Sverige har synen på hur den äldre ska bo gått från att institutionsvård är det bästa till att kvarboende i det ordinära hemmet ska eftersträvas. Under Ädelreformen på 1990-talet fördes kvarboendeprincipen fram på allvar och kostnadsansvaret för de äldre togs över till större delen av kommunerna. Idag har de flesta kommuner inrättat särskilda boenden för äldre som behöver vård och omsorg som inte kan tillgodoses i det ordinära boendet. För att få komma till ett särskilt boende behöver den äldre få ett bifall på sin ansökan. Det är biståndshandläggarens uppgift att utreda den äldres ansökan och sedan fatta ett beslut. Ansatsen för denna uppsats är att försöka ta reda på vilka faktorer som väger tyngst vid biståndsbeslut av insatsen särskilt boende till individer över 65 år. Forskningsfrågorna har bland annat handlat om kommunen storlek påverkar biståndsbedömningen, om det skiljer sig beroende på hur biståndshandläggarens delegation ser ut, om det finns några alternativ mellan ordinärt boende och särskilt boende och vilken roll som kvarboendeprincipen spelar i biståndsbedömningen. För att få kunskap kring de aspekter som vägs in i biståndsbeslut fattade för särskilt boende gjordes en kvantitativ webbenkät. De aspekter som biståndshandläggaren fick värdera var den fysiska-, psykiska- och kognitiva funktionsförmågan, den sociala aspekten kring den äldre, utbudet av platser på särskilt boende samt kostnaden för hemtjänsten i jämförelse med kostnaden för särskilt boende. Förfrågan om att besvara enkäten skickades ut till Sveriges alla 290 kommuner. Det blev ett relativt stort bortfall och det var endast 132 av kommunerna som besvarade enkäten. Respondenterna bestod av biståndshandläggare som handlade ärenden för personer under och över 65 år enligt Socialtjänstlagen på myndighetssidan. Dock var fokuset på hur de tänkte kring ärendehandläggningen av klienterna över 65 år. Det som framkom var att behovet alltid måste vara i fokus. Resultaten pekar på att den fysiska- och den kognitiva funktionsförmågan väger tyngst vid besluten. Genom fritextsvaren i webbenkäten och analysen av den insamlade data går det dock att se att det är ett komplext ämne.In Sweden, the view of how the elderly should live has gone from institutional care being the best to the remaining accommodation in the ordinary home is something we should strive after. During the Noble Reform in the 1990s, the principle of remaining resident was taken seriously and the responsibility for the cost of the elderly was taken over by most of the municipalities. Today, most municipalities have set up housing, especially housing, for the elderly who need care and care that cannot be met in ordinary housing. In order to be allowed to come to a special accommodation, the elderly need to have their application approved. It is the task of the assistance officer to investigate the elderly person's application and then make a decision. The approach for this thesis is to try to find out which factors weigh most heavily in the development assistance decision of the initiative, especially housing for individuals over 65 years of age. The research questions have included whether the size of the municipality affects the development assistance assessment, whether it differs depending on what the development assistance officer's delegation looks like, whether there are any alternatives between ordinary housing and special housing and what role the residual housing principle plays in development assistance assessment. In order to gain knowledge about the aspects that are considered in development assistance decisions made for special housing, a quantitative online survey was conducted. The aspects that the development assistance officer had to evaluate were the physical, mental and cognitive functional ability, the social aspect around the elderly, the supply of places in special housing and the cost of home care in comparison with the cost of special housing. The request to answer the questionnaire was sent to all 290 municipalities in Sweden. There was a relatively large drop-out rate and only 132 of the municipalities answered the survey. The respondents consisted of development assistance officers who handled matters for persons under and over the age of 65 in accordance with the Social Services Act on the authority side. However, the focus was on how they thought about the case management of clients over 65 years of age. What emerged was that the need must always be in focus. The results indicate that physical and cognitive functioning weigh most heavily in decisions. However, through the free text answers in the web survey and the analysis of the collected data, it is possible to see that it is a complex topic.
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Mallouk, Issam. "Modélisation d’une assistance décisionnelle basée sur l’intelligence artificielle pour les systèmes cyber-physiques : Application à la maintenance dans le domaine du Transport." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPHF0025.
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Les systèmes cyber-physiques (SCP) sont des systèmes complexes et interconnectés, où les technologies numériques convergent avec le monde physique, ayant révolutionné de nombreux secteurs d’activités. L'Internet des objets (IOT) a également favorisé la collecte massive de données participant ainsi au développement du "Big Data". Le développement de l’IOT et des SCP a cependant engendré des défis, principalement liés à la gestion massive de données et à la prise de décision. Le développement d’approches telles que le Data Analytics et le Machine Learning offre cependant des solutions en identifiant des modèles ou caractéristiques « cachés » au sein de ces données massives.Le présent mémoire adresse cette problématique de prise de décision en utilisant les approches et techniques de l’Intelligence Artificielle et s’intéresse plus particulièrement au domaine applicatif du Transport. Les systèmes de transport modernes, considérés comme des Systèmes cyber physiques complexes, intègrent une grande variété d'équipements mécatroniques. Ils sont de plus en plus autonomes, dotés de capteurs leur permettant de percevoir leur environnement et de moyens permettant l’interaction avec les gestionnaires de la flotte. Une approche globale de gestion de la flotte permet d'améliorer diverses fonctions telles que la planification de la maintenance et la gestion des opérations.La thèse s’intéresse aux boucles cybernétiques associées à l’exploitation des systèmes cyber physiques, en mettant l'accent sur l’activité de maintenance. Elle propose une assistance décisionnelle en caractérisant les boucles cybernétiques, spécifiant les besoins des décideurs, et développant des approches de Machine Learning tout en respectant des exigences de généricité et d'indépendance technologique. La modélisation de cette assistance repose sur une décomposition holonique du SCP et fait appel à la typologie de Rasmussen au niveau des traitements décisionnels. Un guide méthodologique accompagne cette démarche.Les concepts proposés dans ces travaux de thèse ont été validés au travers de deux collaborations industrielles. Une première collaboration avec la société marocaine STMF a permis d’optimiser la maintenance d’une flotte de camions de transport de matières dangereuses. Une seconde collaboration avec ALSTOM vise à améliorer la croissance de fiabilité du matériel roulant ferroviaire en détectant des signaux avant-coureurs d’une défaillanceCyber-physical systems (PCS) are complex and interconnected systems, where digital technologies converge with the physical world, having revolutionized many sectors of activity. The Internet of Things (IOT) has also encouraged the massive collection of data, thus contributing to the development of "Big Data". However, the development of IOT and SCPs has created challenges, mainly related to massive data management and decision-making. The development of approaches such as Data Analytics and Machine Learning, however, offers solutions by identifying “hidden” patterns or characteristics within this massive data.This thesis addresses the problem of decision-making by using the approaches and techniques of Artificial Intelligence and is particularly interested in the Transportation applicative field. Modern transport systems, considered as complex Cyber Physical Systems, incorporate a wide variety of mechatronic equipment. They are increasingly autonomous, equipped with sensors allowing them to perceive their environment and means allowing interaction with fleet managers. A holistic approach to fleet management helps improve various functions such as maintenance planning and operations management.The thesis focuses on the cyber loops associated with the operation of cyber physical systems, with a focus on the maintenance activity. It offers decision-making assistance by characterizing cybernetic loops, specifying the needs of decision-makers, and developing Machine Learning approaches while respecting the requirements of genericity and technological independence. The modeling of this assistance is based on a holonic decomposition of the SCP and uses Rasmussen's typology at the level of decision making. A methodological guide accompanies this approach.The concepts proposed in this thesis work have been validated through two industrial collaborations. A first collaboration with the Moroccan company STMF has made it possible to optimize the maintenance of a fleet of trucks transporting hazardous materials. A second collaboration with ALSTOM aims to improve the reliability growth of railway rolling stock by detecting warning signs of a failure
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Mangeot, Christine. "Copilote : configuration et planification integrees en langage objet pour la teleoperation." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066508.
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L'evolution de la teleoperation assistee par ordinateur passe par l'introduction d'outils qui assistent l'operateur dans sa tache de decision et de planification. Les besoins en matiere d'assistance et les solutions proposees par l'intelligence artificielle sont evalues
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Rasamoelina, Maminiaina Solonirina. "Adoption of sustainable forestry practices by Non-Industrial Private Forest owners in Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27865.
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The concept of Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) has been promoted in the past few decades all over the world. Non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners play an important role in that aspect in the U.S. because of their number (about 16 millions), the size of forest land under their control (about half of all forest land in the continental US), and the dynamism of their population (increasing number of new owners). This study sought to better understand how NIPF owners come to a decision for adoption (or non-adoption) of SFM practices. We developed a theoretical model combining four theories (the Value-Belief-Norm theory, the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Elaboration Likelihood Model, and the Innovation-Diffusion Process) to explain NIPFâ s decision making. Using multivariate analyses, we determined which elements of the developed theoretical model were significant in explaining adoption of eight groups of practices. Overall, some of the most significant predictors of adoption we identified were technical assistance, motivations for owning land and the use of a written management plan. Particular attention was also directed toward the eventual relationship between education and adoption of SFM practices and it was found that NIPF owners who attended educational programs tended to be likely adopters compared to those who did not attend any educational program. Since SFM was not limited to the US, we also analyzed the concept of SFM with the same goals as in the US, but under a completely different context (socio-cultural, economic and ecologic) in Africa, through the community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) system. We used four case studies and focused on criteria such as participation, equity (both procedural and distributive, power devolution, trust, etc) to analyze how CBNRM works on the field, what lessons to take from the cases to better ensure the goal of sustainability of the resources.Ph. D.
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Fighera, Francisco Carlos. "Contribuição para o processo de aperfeiçoamento da informação para a decisão e avaliação do desempenho patrimonial, econômico e financeiro dos centros de tradições gaúchas do estado de São Paulo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2005. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1508.
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Previous issue date: 2005-11-18The object of this research is to study the accounting and management information systems currently existing in the Centros de Tradições Gaúchas (CTG s) (Centers of Gaúcho Traditions) in the State of São Paulo and their utilization as a management assistance tool. One proposes also to see if the accounting systems attend to the Fundamental Principles of Accounting and Brazilian Accounting Norms. The interest in the choice of the theme chosen for this work is justified among others, by the necessity of helping these entities to improve their management system, through organized and structured accounting, financial, management and results demonstrations. The starting point was based on the supposition that Accounting can be an important contribution, by making available accounting and financial information to the entities denominated (CTGs) in the State of São Paulo, which would be useful and utilized in helping the decision making process. In order to reach the proposed objective, field research was carried out in seven of the sixteen CTGs currently existing in the State of São Paulo, utilizing a procedure of intentional sampling, where administrative and accounting data was collected, through a questionnaire The research was aimed at finding out which accounting and financial reports were given the most importance by the management of the CTGs and how they utilized them to evaluate the performance of their actions as heads of these organizations. The incipient use of accounting information was noted, especially in the financial demonstrations elaborated in accordance with the norms established by the Federal Accounting Counsel, where constant emphasis is made to bookkeeping reports. Having made a diagnosis of the entities which were studied, a number of programmed, structured and related accounting, financial and management reports were suggested, which will enable the managers of the CTGs in the State of São Paulo to show the results of the activities carried out and their patrimonial and financial situation, thus providing a better evolutional analysis of same
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo o estudo dos sistemas de informações contábeis e gerenciais atualmente existentes nos Centros de Tradições Gaúchas do Estado de São Paulo e sua utilização como instrumento de auxílio à gestão. Também se propõe a verificar se os sistemas contábeis atendem aos Princípios Fundamentais de Contabilidade e Normas Brasileiras de Contabilidade. Justificam o interesse pelo tema escolhido para este trabalho, entre outros, a necessidade de se ajudar a essas entidades a melhorar seu sistema de gestão, através de demonstrações contábeis, financeiras, gerenciais e de resultados, organizadas e estruturadas. Partiu-se da premissa de que a Contabilidade pode dar importante contribuição, no sentido de disponibilizar às entidades denominadas Centros de Tradições Gaúchas (CTGs) do Estado de São Paulo, informações contábeis e financeiras, que sejam úteis e utilizadas no auxílio ao processo de tomada de decisão. Para o atingimento do objetivo proposto, realizou-se uma pesquisa de campo em sete dos dezesseis CTGs atualmente existentes no Estado de São Paulo, utilizando-se o procedimento de amostragem intencional, onde foram coletados dados administrativos e contábeis, através da aplicação de um questionário. Na pesquisa procurou-se conhecer quais os relatórios contábeis e financeiros aos quais era dada maior importância pelos gestores dos CTGs e como esses os utilizavam para avaliar o desempenho de suas ações à frente dessas organizações. Constatou-se o uso incipiente das informações contábeis, notadamente das demonstrações financeiras elaboradas em conformidade com as normas emanadas pelo Conselho Federal de Contabilidade, onde é uma constante a ênfase nos relatórios de caixa. Feito o diagnóstico das entidades estudadas, foi sugerido um conjunto de relatórios contábeis, financeiros e gerenciais, programados, estruturados e vinculados, que permitirão aos gestores dos CTGs do Estado de São Paulo mostrar os resultados das atividades desenvolvidas e da situação patrimonial e financeira, proporcionando uma melhor análise evolutiva das mesmas
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Turlais, Amélie. "Pratiques psychothérapeutiques et protection de l’enfant : la décision difficile d’engager un processus de séparation : approches plurielles du processus décisionnel au sein d’une unité de psychothérapie infantile." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100071/document.
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Dans le champ de la protection de l’enfance, le débat sur l’évaluation pour déterminer les besoins et les objectifs d'une intervention socioéducative anime les acteurs de ce champ. Cette recherche s’intéresse à une équipe soignante qui, au sein d’une unité de soins intensifs du soir, accueille après l’école des enfants «agités». Cette équipe peut être amenée à prendre contact avec les services de protection de l'enfance et alors être actrice d'une démarche qui vise à déterminer les objectifs et les besoins d’une intervention des services de protection de l’enfance. Notre démarche compréhensive à partir d’une observation participante appréhende la pratique de ces soignants pour aborder la question de leur relation avec les services de protection de l’enfance. Nous nous sommes appuyée sur l'écologie de la prise de décision pour mettre en relief les différents facteurs qui interagissent dans la décision des soignants de prendre contact avec ces service. Nous définissons les cadres théoriques qui structurent la pratique des soignants et identifions les contraintes et les stratégies des acteurs dans la relation qu'ils construisent pour déterminer les besoins et les objectifs d'une intervention. Nous montrons que les soignants ne s’appuient pas pour s’engager dans un processus de séparation sur des caractéristiques de danger d'une situation mais plutôt sur la capacité des parents à se saisir de l'accompagnement des soignants pour agir sur leurs difficultés. Ces résultats nous conduisent à comprendre à une échelle plus large le passage, dans le travail social, d’une attente de conformisation de l'individu aux attentes sociales à une aptitude de ce dernier à élaborer les difficultés rencontrées pour les anticiper et les surmonter dans une exigence d’autoréalisationIn the last few decade, in the field of child welfare, the debate on assessment to determine both needs and aims of a social intervention has been developing. This research focuses on a mental health care intervention designed for children with behavioral disorders. The children come to the intervention site once school is finished. The intervention team offers care services, but in some situations the question of a possible intervention of child protection services may emerge. The team of mental health clinicians becomes then actor of the assessment process. A comprehensive methodology based on a participant observation enables us to get a better understanding of the clinicians’ practice and address the question of their relationship with child protection services. To underline the different factors which interact with the decision process of the clinicians we use the decision making ecology. We first define theoretical frameworks which structure the team practice. Then we identify constraints such as the French rules of child protection services and strategies used by clinicians such as their expertise position and by child protection workers such as their intermediate position to understand how their relationship is built. We also highlight that the clinician team rather than stressing out the risk of danger for the child may decide to contact child protection services when parents are not able to elaborate on their difficulties. These results lead to a new understanding of social workers’ intervention. Aims are not anymore to conform individuals to the social rules but to help them to elaborate on their difficulties to anticipate and deal with them with a demand of self-realization in mind
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Lau, Shiu-kwong, and 劉少光. "Assistant principals and administrative committee system: decision making in Hong Kong aided secondary schools." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31956488.
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Troy, Brenda. "Elementary school assistant principals' decision making analyzed through four ethical frameworks of justice, critique, care, and the profession." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003155.
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Darrigo, Melinda. "Clinical Decision Making by Critical Care Mid-Level Practitioners Working within an Interdisciplinary Team: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2009. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsn_diss/12.
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To improve patient safety a major change in health care reduced medical resident work hours to limit provider fatigue, in 2002 (Philibert, Friedmann, Williams, & Hours, 2002). This resulted in mid-level practitioners filling this provider void in health care teams, including critical care units (Buchanan, 1996; Christmas et al., 2005; Hoffman, Tasota, Scharfenberg, Zullo, & Donahoe, 2003; Hoffman, Tasota, Zullo, Scharfenberg, & Donahoe, 2005; Hooker & McCaig, 1996, 2001; Kaups, Parks, & Morris, 1998; Miller, Riehl, Napier, Barber, & Dabideen, 1998; Yeager, Shaw, Casavant, & Burns, 2006). In order to make appropriate clinical decisions for patients in critical care settings, mid-level practitioners are required to interpret data from multiple sources and to assimilate this information in a timely manner (Bernard, Corwin, & MacIntyre, 2000). Although these practitioners are actively involved in decision making individually and among interdisciplinary teams in critical care units, their decision making has not been described in the literature to date (Shortell et al., 1994).
Therefore, the purpose of this qualitative study was to describe how critical care mid-level practitioners (N= 17) make decisions within an interdisciplinary team, undergirded by the cognitive continuum theory. A qualitative research design using focus groups guided by naturalistic inquiry enabled data collection. An interview guide, developed from the literature review and undergirded by the cognitive continuum theory, was used to structure discussion in the focus groups. Additionally, a demographic questionnaire and vignette were used to aid in description of findings. Data was managed by note based analysis and summarized on a Microsoft Excel document. Qualitative description was used to illustrate the findings.
Prior to this study, there was a paucity of empirical literature describing the clinical decision making of critical care mid-level practitioners. The findings revealed a web of complexity in mid-level practitioner decision making on an interdisciplinary team. This included an overarching theme of quality of care, with central overlapping themes of judgment, resources, and negotiation interwoven with sub-themes of trust, communication, experience, and team structure. This study’s findings have direct implications for mid-level practitioner training courses, mid-level training, critical care orientation programs, theory development, and health policy.
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Benloucif, Mohamed Amir. "Coopération homme-machine multi-niveau entre le conducteur et un système d'automatisation de la conduite." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0012/document.
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Les récentes percées technologiques dans les domaines de l’actionnement, de la perception et de l’intelligence artificielle annoncent une nouvelle ère pour l’assistance à la conduite et les véhicules hautement automatisés. Toutefois, dans un contexte où l’automatisation demeure imparfaite, il est primordial de s’assurer que le système d’automatisation de la conduite puisse maintenir la conscience de la situation du conducteur afin que ce dernier puisse accomplir avec succès son rôle de supervision des actions du système. En même temps, le système doit pouvoir assurer la sécurité du véhicule et prévenir les actions du conducteur qui risqueraient de compromettre sa sécurité et celle des usagers de la route. Il est donc nécessaire d’intégrer dès la conception du système automatisé de conduite, la problématique des interactions avec le conducteur en réglant les problèmes de partage de tâche et de degré de liberté, d’autorité et de niveau d’automatisation du système. S’inscrivant dans le cadre du projet ANR-CoCoVeA (Coopération Conducteur-Véhicule Automatisé), cette thèse se penche de plus près sur la question de la coopération entre l’automate de conduite et le conducteur. Notre objectif est de fournir au conducteur un niveau d’assistance conforme à ses attentes, capable de prendre en compte ses intentions tout en assurant un niveau de sécurité important. Pour cela nous proposons un cadre général qui intègre l’ensemble des fonctionnalités nécessaires sous la forme d’une architecture permettant une coopération à plusieurs niveaux de la tâche de conduite. Les notions d’attribution des tâches et de gestion d’autorité avec leurs différentes nuances sont abordées et l’ensemble des fonctions du système identifiées dans l’architecture ont été étudiées et adaptées pour ce besoin de coopération. Ainsi, nous avons développé des algorithmes de décision de la manœuvre à effectuer, de planification de trajectoire et de contrôle qui intègrent des mécanismes leur permettant de s’adapter aux actions et aux intentions du conducteur lors d’un éventuel conflit. En complément de l’aspect technique, cette thèse étudie les notions de coopération sous l’angle des facteurs humains en intégrant des tests utilisateur réalisés sur le simulateur de conduite dynamique SHERPA-LAMIH. Ces tests ont permis à la fois de valider les développements réalisés et d’approfondir l’étude grâce à l’éclairage qu’ils ont apporté sur l’intérêt de chaque forme de coopérationThe recent technological breakthroughs in the actuation, perception and artificial intelligence domains herald a new dawn for driving assistance and highly automated driving. However, in a context where the automation remains imperfect and prone to error, it is crucial to ensure that the automated driving system maintains the driver’s situation awareness in order to be able to successfully and continuously supervise the system’s actions. At the same time, the system must be able to ensure the safety of the vehicle and prevent the driver’s actions that would compromise his safety and that of other road users. Therefore, it is essential that the issue of interaction and cooperation with the driver is addressed throughout the whole system design process. This entails the issues of task allocation, authority management and levels of automation. Conducted in the scope of the projet ANR-CoCoVeA (French acronym for: "Cooperation between Driver and Automated Vehicle"), this thesis takes a closer look at the question of cooperation between the driver and automated driving systems. Our main objective is to provide the driver with a suitable assistance level that accounts for his intentions while ensuring global safety. For this matter, we propose a general framework that incorporates the necessary features for a successful cooperation at the different levels of the driving task in the form of a system architecture. The questions of task allocation and authority management are addressed under their different nuances and the identified system functionalities are studied and adapted to match the cooperation requirements. Therefore, we have developed algorithms to perform maneuver decision making, trajectory planning, and control that include the necessary mechanisms to adapt to the driver’s actions and intentions in the case of potential conflicts. In addition to the technical aspects, this thesis studies the cooperation notions from the human factor perspective. User test studies conducted on the SHERPA-LAMIH dynamic simulator allowed for the validation of the different developments while shedding light on the benefits of different cooperation forms
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Nourjou, Reza. "GIS-based Intelligent Assistant Agent for Supporting Decisions of Incident Commander in Disaster Response." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188867.
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Jugade, Shriram. "Shared control authority between human and autonomous driving system for intelligent vehicles." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2507.
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Ce travail aborde le problème de l’autorité de contrôle partagée entre les conducteurs et système de conduite autonome sans retour haptique utilisant la fusion des entrées de conduite. Le développement d’une autorité de contrôle partagée est divisé en différentes étapes : cadre de contrôle partagé, évaluation des facteurs de conduite, prévision du comportement de conduite, processus de fusion, etc. La résolution des conflits est la stratégie de haut niveau introduite dans le cadre permettant de réaliser la fusion. Les entrées de conduite sont évaluées en fonction de différents facteurs tels que le risque de collision, la limitation de vitesse, la prévention de voie / départ, etc., sous la forme d’un degré de confiance dans l’admissibilité d’une entrée de conduite à l’aide de données de capteur. La résolution de conflit est ciblée pour un horizon temporel particulier dans le futur en utilisant une prédiction d’entrée de conduite basée sur un capteur utilisant des réseaux de neurones. Un jeu non coopératif à deux joueurs (comprenant l’admissibilité et l’intention de conduite) est défini comme représentant la résolution du conflit comme un problème de négociation. L’entrée motrice finale est calculée en utilisant l’équilibre de Nash. La stratégie de contrôle partagé est validée à l’aide d’un banc d’essai intégré aux logiciels Simulink et IPG CarMaker. Divers aspects de la stratégie de contrôle partagé, tels que l’accent mis sur l’homme, la prévention des collisions, l’absence de toute information sur la conduite, l’affinement de la conduite manuelle, etc., ont été inclus dans le processus de validationRoad traffic accidents have always been a concern to the driving community which has led to various research developments for improving the way we drive the vehicles. Since human error causes most of the road accidents, introducing automation in the vehicle is an efficient way to address this issue thus making the vehicles intelligent. This approach has led to the development of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) functionalities. The process of introducing automation in the vehicle is continuously evolving. Currently the research in this field has targeted full autonomy of the vehicle with the aim to tackle the road safety to its fullest potential. The gap between ADAS and full autonomy is not narrow. One of the approach to bridge this gap is to introduce collaboration between human driver and autonomous system. There have been different methodologies such as haptic feedback, cooperative driving where the autonomous system adapts according to the human driving inputs/intention for the corrective action each having their own limitations. This work addresses the problem of shared control authority between human driver and autonomous driving system without haptic feedback using the fusion of driving inputs. The development of shared control authority is broadly divided into different stages i.e. shared control framework, driving input assessment, driving behavior prediction, fusion process etc. Conflict resolution is the high level strategy introduced in the framework for achieving the fusion. The driving inputs are assessed with respect to different factors such as collision risk, speed limitation,lane/road departure prevention etc in the form of degree of belief in the driving input admissibility using sensor data. The conflict resolution is targeted for a particular time horizon in the future using a sensor based driving input prediction using neural networks. A two player non-cooperative game (incorporating admissibility and driving intention) is defined to represent the conflict resolution as a bargaining problem. The final driving input is computed using the Nash equilibrium. The shared control strategy is validated using a test rig integrated with the software Simulink and IPG CarMaker. Various aspects of shared control strategy such as human-centered, collision avoidance, absence of any driving input, manual driving refinement etc were included in the validation process
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Pecune, Florian. "Modélisation de la prise de décision d'un agent conversationnel animé en fonction de son attitude sociale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0054.
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Afin d’être considérés comme des partenaires crédibles lors d’une interaction, les agents virtuels doivent transmettre une attitude sociale adéquate. Cette attitude sociale exprimée par l’agent doit refléter la situation dans laquelle il se trouve. L’agent doit donc prendre en compte son rôle et sa relation sociale vis à vis de son interlocuteur lorsqu’il choisit comment réagir au cours de l’interaction. Afin de construire un tel agent capable de raisonner en fonction de son rôle et de sa relation, et capable d’adapter son attitude sociale, nous avons construit un modèle de prise de décision sociale. Dans un premier temps, nous formalisons la dynamique de la relation sociale à travers une combinaison de buts et de croyances. Puis, nous définissons un modèle de prise de décision basé sur les buts sociaux et situationnels de l’agent. Pour finir, nous avons réalisé une étude perceptive dans un contexte d’interaction tuteur/enfant virtuels au cours de laquelle les participants évaluaient l’attitude sociale du tuteur envers l’enfant. La relation sociale et le rôle social du tuteur étaient manipulés par notre modèle. Les résultats montrent qu’à la fois le rôle et la relation du tuteur ont une influence sur son attitude sociale perçueTo be perceived as believable partners in human-machine interactions, virtual agents have to express adequate social attitudes. The social attitude expressed by an agent should reflect the social situation of the interaction. The agent ought to take into account its role and its social relation toward its interactants when deciding how to react in the interaction. To build such an agent able to reason about its role and relation and to adapt its social attitude, we built a model of social decision making. First, we formalized the dynamics of the social relation through a combination of goals and beliefs. Then, we designed a decision making model based on the social goals and the situational goals of the agent. Finally, we conducted an empirical study in the context of virtual tutor-child interaction where participants evaluated the tutor’s perceived social attitude towards the child while the tutor’s social role and relation were manipulated by our model. Results showed that both role and social relation have an influence on the agent’s perceived social attitude
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Ennajem, Cécile. "Evolution du rôle du contrôleur de gestion dans un contexte de contrôle de gestion." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667925.
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Dans le cadre d'un contrôle de gestion décentralisé, nous étudions l'évolution du rôle du contrôleur de gestion sous trois angles, celui de l'utilisation et la conception d'outils de contrôle de gestion utilisés pour le pilotage des activités et intégrant la dimension humaine, celui de sa contribution à la mise en place d'un contrôle de gestion plus proche des opérationnels et celui de l'étude de ses relations interpersonnelles avec les opérationnels. Nos recherches ont débuté dans notre propre service dans un organisme de Recherche-développement, en tant que contrôleur de gestion où nous avons observé et fait évoluer nos propres pratiques durant neuf ans. Ces premiers résultats ont été complétés par ceux d'une recherche-intervention menée dans un grand organisme public belge qui a implanté le contrôle de gestion socio-économique, puis nous avons complété notre recherche par l'observation d'outils de contrôle de gestion socio-économique et de leurs incidences sur le rôle du contrôleur de gestion, dans cinq entreprises de secteurs et de tailles différents.
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Shapiro, Ruth Amy. "Decision-making in development assistance donor agencies the case of U.S. AID and JICA /." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37018355.html.
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Bates, Reid A. "Mechanisms which encourage beneficiary participation in decision making in rural development assistance projects in developing countries." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33528.
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This study was designed to discover how beneficiary participation in decision
making can be encouraged and enhanced in rural development assistance projects in
developing countries. The study sought to increase the understanding about how
beneficiary participation occurs through the identification of patterns, processes or
techniques in development assistance projects that enhance the ability of local people to
gain control of the benefits and decision making processes in projects affecting their
lives.
The data for this study were obtained from telephone interviews with seven
individuals who are or have been rural development assistance project managers. A
constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis was employed.
The findings indicated that community participation is encouraged and enhanced
in projects that involve a few salient activities, relatively less complex inputs and
consequently less money than larger, more complex projects. These projects should be
based on a felt need in the community and be designed to fit community capabilities. As
such, they enhance the power of participation to produce a recognizable benefit and to
provide a sense of progress toward community established goals. In addition, community
participation is encouraged when some investment is required from the community.
Investment creates ownership and tests the value and appropriateness of the activity to
the community.
The case studies suggested that participation is a process that requires support at
the community level, from intermediary organizations and from donor agencies and
national governments. At the community level, the most practical and effective vehicle
through which to implement participatory projects is existing community organizations.
These organizations generally possess the necessary skills to be, and by definition,
should be involved in all phases of the project from design to evaluation. Locally
identified leaders, while a two-edged sword, are necessary for the effectiveness of local
organizations and for the endorsement of project activities.
Intermediary organizations emerge in this study as key actors in the
participatory development process. These organizations act as catalysts and linkages by
informing and sharing information with communities; by helping communities gather
data about themselves in identifying the most critical problems; by mediating in conflict
resolution; and in obtaining funds and other forms of assistance from outside the
community. Their role is characterized by an approach to rural communities that is
both understanding and interactive.
Donor organizations and national governments are seen in the role of development
coordinators. The coordinator role is responsive to community desires and strives for
equality among diverse groups and communities. They emphasize a "process" approach
to development administration. As a result of effective participation, rural poor
communities are able to meet their basic needs, solve their problems, and achieve the
power to control their lives.
In terms of mechanisms encouraging beneficiary participation, this study
recommends the following: 1) Participatory development should be viewed as a process of trial and error learning whose goal is community empowerment. Empowerment signifies the degree to which
people have gained the capacity to obtain results which they intend to obtain from their
involvement in decision making in the development process.
2) Intermediary organizations must assume a key role in the participatory development
process. These organizations are composed of sensitive and understanding people who are
dedicated to community participation. The function of these organizations is twofold.
First, they act as links between donor agencies or national governments and local
communities. Second, they function as catalysts in participatory development. The goal
of these organizations is to facilitate the building of community capacity in terms of
skills and knowledge to the point that the community no longer needs their assistance.
3) The appropriate roles of donor agencies and national governments in participatory
development is as coordinators of development assistance projects. This role requires
them to provide funds specifically for participatory development; to strive for equity in
funding different groups and communities; and to adopt a "process" style of project
administration that is seen as most conducive to participatory development.
4) Projects aiming at encouraging beneficiary participation should start small, with a
few relatively simple activities that respond to local needs. These activities are most
effectively implemented through existing local organizations that are characterized as
having control of financial resources, legal authority, involvement in all project
activities from design to evaluation and are led by community appointed leaders.
5) It is more important to emphasize "how" projects are implemented rather than
"what" is accomplished. This "how" necessarily involves beneficiary participation
which is defined as the participation of beneficiaries in their own development by
controlling resources, defining needs and making decisions about how these needs can
best be met.Graduation date: 1992
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Zobel-Zubrzycka, Halina. "Pressure for integration within the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance : economic factors within political decision-making, with a special reference to Poland." Phd thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144136.
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de, Souza Leão Luciana. "Experimenting on the Poor: The Politics of Social Policy Evaluations in Brazil and Mexico." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-17ry-4c68.
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In the 1990s, Brazil and Mexico were pioneers in the implementation of conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs), which since have benefitted an estimated one billion poor families around the world. However, the initial evaluation strategies pursued by each state were different: Mexican officials partnered with US economists to implement an RCT evaluation, while Brazilians used a combination of statistical simulations and qualitative studies and aimed to secure the generation of policy knowledge to domestic experts. Based on eighteen months of participant observation in Mexico City and Brasília, 100 interviews with political and academic elites, content analysis of 400 policy documents, and historical-process tracing methods, this dissertation explains why these two similar countries, implementing the same policy, took different routes to assess the merits of CCTs, and what unintended consequences followed from these choices. I demonstrate that a key factor to achieve the legitimacy and political viability of CCTs is the knowledge regimes that states create to implement and evaluate these programs. The dissertation shows that while knowledge regimes tend to be understood as technical or apolitical machineries, they are inherently shaped by the politics of legitimation of CCTs and they produce unanticipated consequences for the ways that states combat poverty in the long-run. Only by taking into consideration the role that knowledge production plays in securing the political viability of CCTs, I argue, we can assess the politics and consequences of these programs, and how they relate to poor families on the ground.
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(10647542), Mahdi Afkhamiaghda. "DEVELOPING A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR CREATING POST DISASTER TEMPORARY HOUSING." Thesis, 2021.
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Post-disaster temporary housing has been a significant challenge for the emergency management group and industries for many years. According to reports by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), housing in states and territories is ranked as the second to last proficient in 32 core capabilities for preparedness.The number of temporary housing required in a geographic area is influenced by a variety of factors, including social issues, financial concerns, labor workforce availability, and climate conditions. Acknowledging and creating a balance between these interconnected needs is considered as one of the main challenges that need to be addressed. Post-disaster temporary housing is a multi-objective process, thus reaching the optimized model relies on how different elements and objectives interact, sometimes even conflicting, with each other. This makes decision making in post-disaster construction more restricted and challenging, which has caused ineffective management in post-disaster housing reconstruction.
Few researches have studied the use of Artificial Intelligence modeling to reduce the time and cost of post-disaster sheltering. However, there is a lack of research and knowledge gap regarding the selection and the magnitude of effect of different factors of the most optimized type of Temporary Housing Units (THU) in a post-disaster event.
The proposed framework in this research uses supervised machine learing to maximize certain design aspects of and minimize some of the difficulties to better support creating temporary houses in post-disaster situations. The outcome in this study is the classification type of the THU, more particularly, classifying THUs based on whether they are built on-site or off-site. In order to collect primary data for creating the model and evaluating the magnitude of effect for each factor in the process, a set of surveys were distributed between the key players and policymakers who play a role in providing temporary housing to people affected by natural disasters in the United States. The outcome of this framework benefits from tacit knowledge of the experts in the field to show the challenges and issues in the subject. The result of this study is a data-based multi-objective decision-making tool for selecting the THU type. Using this tool, policymakers who are in charge of selecting and allocating post-disaster accommodations can select the THU type most responsive to the local needs and characteristics of the affected people in each natural disaster.
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Shu-De, Chang, and 張樹德. "A Study on the Models of Cross-Strait Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters－A Research Viewpoint of Applying the Theory of "(3+1) i Decision-Making Model" on the Joint Cross-Border Crimes-Fighting." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99136259450455311600.
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碩士國立中正大學
戰略暨國際事務研究所
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Following the globalization trend, the world transforms into a global village. Citizens of all nations communicate frequently, and all crimes are already borderless. Criminals take the advantages of convenient transportation and communication to commit cross-border crimes between the strait. Both sides‟ wanted suspects also use all kinds of transportation to sneak away overseas or to the other side in order to avoid legal judgment, which tremendously influences people‟s rights and causes a severe impact upon the credibility of both sides‟ law enforcements and public security. Besides applying the method of historical research and survey research to generalize and analyze previous articles relevant to the subject, the study has taken the Level-of-Analysis theory used in the field of international relationship, and the theories known as "(3+1) i Decision-Making Model", "Policy community" and "Strategic Planning" announced by scholar Soong, Hseik-Wen as the "Research Framework" of this study.Under the premise of taking into account the equality, dignity and security of Mainland and Taiwan, this article discusses the problems faced and the mechanism of joint crime-fighting and cross-strait mutual assistance in criminal justice, in the hope of proposing solutions and cooperation strategies through this study that combines practical and theoretical approaches.In addition, based on the mechanism of cross-strait munual assistance in criminal matters and joint crime-fighting, this study has tried to make a few practical suggestions, such as establishing a mechanism of assistance in evidence-investigation to ensure public rights and interests, and to set up offices at both Mainland and Taiwan in order to deal with public security accidents instantaneously ,and so on. Based on maintaining life, property and safety of people on both sides and to keep the vision of seeking people‟s well-being on both sides, and based on the respectful attitude of "facing reality, accumulating mutual trust, finding commonalities despite differences, creating our continued win-win solution", so as to achieve mutual benefits and reciprocity. Through doing this, we can benefit people of both sides and create a win-win situation in the end. Key words: “92 Consensus”, Joint Crime-Fighting, Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters, Cross-Border Crimes, Confidence-Building Measures
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SINNOT, Emily. "Financial flows to the developing countries : a look at aid, dept relief and IMF programmes." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6581.
Full textAbstract:
Defence date: 18 September 2006Examining board: Anindya Banerjee, European University Institute ; George Mavrotas, United Nations University, Finland ; Roberto Perotti, Supervisor, Università Bocconi ; Beatrice Weder, Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Martinez, Karen. "Bring Your Own Device and Nurse Executives Decision Making: A Qualitative Description." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/5755.
Full textAbstract:
Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) phenomenon is important in the healthcare
environment because this growing trend is totally changing the workplace landscape in
healthcare organizations, such as British Columbia (BC). The organizations need to be
proactive and aware of this trend to decide the best way to approach this phenomenon.
Currently, there is little current research that exists in Canada in context to provide a
distinct understanding of the complexities and difficulties unique to this phenomenon
within the nursing practice. In order to develop an understanding of BYOD in healthcare
workplace, a perspective was needed of those experiencing the phenomenon of interest.
The premise of this research was to explore the BYOD phenomenon from the nursing
perspective. This study focused on the experiences, views, and perceptions of nurse
executives/managers about how they make decisions regarding use of personal handheld
devices in the workplace. A qualitative description was undertaken and the collection of
data involved telephone interviews in which participants were asked to reflect on their
views and/or experiences regarding BYOD in the workplace. During the literature
research process, the researcher discovered that there were similar research studies
previously done in the early 2000s that found early healthcare organizational concerns
with the use of personal digital assistant devices (PDA) in the clinical setting. In this study, four major themes emerged that provided an insights as to how nurse NEx/M make decisions regarding BYOD. The four major themes included: 1) management perspective, 2) opportunities, 3) disadvantages, and 4) solutions. The results of this study will aid in bringing greater awareness of BYOD to other executives and managers in nursing and should also provide information to the leaders throughout the healthcare organizations and health IT department.Graduate
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Gorelick, Carol S. "Personal digital assistants their influence on clinical decision-making and the utilization of evidence-based practice in Baccalaureate nursing students /." 2010. http://digital.library.duq.edu/u?/etd,130090.
Full text
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Melnychuk, Barbara J. "Decision making by youth with and without intellectual disabilities: a comparison of perceptions." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4212.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative study includes a comparison of the perceptions of students with and without intellectual disabilities regarding the opportunities they have to make decisions during the school day and school year. The data from the student groups were shared with adults in the school who then explored their perspectives regarding reasons for any similarities or differences in the perceptions of the student groups. Within-case and cross-case analysis of the data obtained from the three student focus groups, one teacher focus group, one educational assistant focus group and an interview with an administrator resulted in the identification of three major themes: structure of the system, role of adults and safety. Various ways that each of these can facilitate or limit opportunities for students with and without intellectual disabilities to make decisions during the school day and school year are discussed
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Schwartz, Jessica. "Clinician Trust in Predictive Clinical Decision Support for In-Hospital Deterioration." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-tffc-br50.
Full textAbstract:
Background
The landscape of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) is evolving to include increasingly sophisticated data-driven methods, such as machine learning, to provide clinicians with predictions about patients’ risk for negative outcomes or their likely responses to treatments (predictive CDSSs). However, trust in predictive CDSSs has shown to challenge clinician adoption of these tools, precluding the ability to positively impact patient outcomes. This is particularly salient in the hospital setting where clinician time is scarce, and predictive CDSSs have the potential to decrease preventable mortality. Many have advised that clinicians should be involved in the development, implementation, and evaluation of predictive CDSSs to increase translation from development to adoption. Yet, little is known about the prevalence of clinician involvement or the factors that influence clinicians’ trust in predictive CDSSs for the hospital setting. The specific aims of this dissertation were: (a) to survey the literature on predictive CDSSs for the hospital setting to describe the prevalence and methods of clinician involvement throughout stages of system design, (b) to identify and characterize factors that influence clinicians’ trust in predictive CDSSs for in-hospital deterioration, and (c) to explore the use of a trust conceptual framework for incorporating clinician expertise into machine learning model development for predicting rapid response activation among hospitalized non-ICU patients using electronic health record (EHR) data.
Methods
To address the first aim (presented in Chapter Two), a scoping review was conducted to summarize the state of the science of clinician (nurse, physician, physician assistant, nurse practitioner) involvement in predictive CDSS design, with a specific focus on systems using machine learning methods with EHR data for in-hospital decision-making. To address the second aim (presented in Chapter Three), semi-structured interviews with nurses and prescribing providers (i.e., physicians, physicians assistants, nurse practitioners) were conducted and analyzed inductively and deductively (using the Human-Computer Trust conceptual framework) to identify factors that influence trust in predictive CDSSs, using an implemented predictive CDSS for in-hospital deterioration as a grounding example. Finally, to address the third aim (presented in Chapter Four), clinician expertise was elicited in the form of model specifications (requirements, insights, preferences) for facilitating factors shown to influence trust in predictive CDSSs, as guided by the Human-Computer Trust conceptual framework. Specifications included: (a) importance ranking of input features, (b) preference for a more sensitive or specific model, (c) acceptable false positive and negative rates, and (d) prediction lead time. Specifications informed development and evaluation of machine learning models predicting rapid response activation using retrospective EHR data.
Results
The scoping review identified 80 studies. Seventy-six studies described developing a machine learning model for a predictive CDSS, 28% of which described involving clinicians during development. Clinician involvement during development was categorized as: (a) determining clinical relevance/correctness, (b) feature selection, (c) data preprocessing, and (d) serving as a gold standard. Only five studies described implemented predictive CDSSs and no studies described systems in routine use. The qualitative investigation with 17 clinicians (9 prescribing providers, 8 nurses) confirmed that the Human-Computer Trust concepts of perceived understandability and perceived technical competence are factors that influence hospital clinicians’ trust in predictive CDSSs and further characterized these factors (i.e., themes). This study also identified three additional themes influencing trust: (a) actionability, (b) evidence, and (c) equitability, and found that clinicians’ needs for explanations of machine learning models and the impact of discordant predictions may vary according to the extent to which clinicians rely on the predictive CDSS for decision-making. Only two of 28 categories/sub-categories and one theme emerged uniquely to nurses or prescribing providers. Finally, the third study elicited model specifications from fifteen total clinicians. Not all clinicians answered all questions. Vital sign frequency was ranked the most important feature category on average (n = 8 clinicians), the most frequently preferred prediction lead time was shift-change/8-12 hours (n = 9 clinicians), most preferred a more specific than sensitive model (71%; n = 7 clinicians), the average acceptable false positive rate was 42% (n = 9 clinicians), the average acceptable false negative rate was 29% (n = 6 clinicians). These specifications informed development and testing of four machine learning classification models (ridge regression, decision trees, random forest, and XGBoost). 249,676 patient admissions from 2015–2018 at a large northeastern hospital system were modeled to predict whether or not patients would have a rapid response within the 12-hour shift. The random forest classifier met clinician’s average acceptable false positive (27.7%) and negative rates (28.9%) and was marginally more specific (72.2%) than sensitive (71.1%) on a holdout test set.
Conclusions
Studies do not routinely report clinician involvement in model development of predictive CDSSs for the hospital setting and publications on implementation considerably lag those on development. Nurses and prescribing providers described largely shared experiences of trust in predictive CDSSs. Clinicians’ reliance on the predictive CDSS for decision-making within the target clinical workflow should be considered when aiming to facilitate trust. Incorporating clinician expertise into model development for the purpose of facilitating trust is feasible. Future research is needed on the impact of clinician involvement on trust, clinicians’ personal attributes that influence trust, and explanation design. Increased education for clinicians about predictive CDSSs is recommended.
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Sekgota, Mmabatho Raesetja Catherine. "Capacity building for general assistants." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17707.
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A study was conducted to explore the impact on change which a process of participatory research has on capacity building for the general assistants within the Northern Province in terms of the mission statement of the Office on the Status of Women between July 1997 and September 1998. The mission of the office is as
follows: " ... to establish mechanisms and procedures that will move the province towards gender equality, thereby empowering women to have equal access to opportunities and resources which will enhance their quality of life". The target group for Office on the Status of Women is women within the government service irrespective of race and socio-political status. These general assistants were said to be the "left behind" group when issues affecting women like National and International Women's Days are celebrated. Themes of concern were identified and addressed.Social Work
M.A. (Social Science (Mental Health))
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Santos, Catarina Betencourt da Costa Rodrigues dos. "Impact of the virtual assistant's interactive dimensions in the Portuguese young adults' customer experience expectations and patronage intentions, in the retail context." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/21862.
Full textAbstract:
Throughout the times it has been witnessed a continuous evolution in the way people make
business transactions, across sectors. This has been highly influenced by technological
developments and the constant need for companies to adjust to their clients’ needs and
expectations. The retail sector has been no exception, evolving alongside innovation, and
adapting to new trends. One of its results is the emergence of conversational commerce, a new
form of commerce that combines the trend of communicating via instant messages and the use
of artificial intelligence, introducing virtual assistants to the retail context.
The aim of this study is to better understand the potentialities virtual assistants have in the
Portuguese retail context, amongst young adults. By identifying which of the dimensions of the
interaction with a retailer virtual assistant - "Cognitive Perception, Affective Engagement, and
Communication Quality" - have a significant impact on the expectation users create towards their
customer experience and how this is determinant to their patronage intentions towards the
retailer. A quantitative methodology was used to perform this investigation, with the
development of an introductory chatbot and an online survey, completed by 385 individuals
(Portuguese young adults, with ages ranging from 18 to 35, and that had access to the Facebook
Messenger app).
The Customer Experience Expectation was proven to have a significant impact on the
respondent' patronage intentions towards the virtual assistant and the retailer. However, only
the cognitive dimension of the virtual assistant was confirmed to significantly impact the
expectations on the customer experienceAo longo dos tempos, tem-se vindo a testemunhar uma evolução na forma como o comércio é feito nos vários setores de atividade. As empresas têm de se reinventar constantemente para satisfazer as necessidades e expectativas dos consumidores, que resultam dos avanços tecnológicos. O mesmo acontece no setor do Retalho, que tem vindo a inovar, acompanhando a tecnologia e as tendências dos consumidores. Um exemplo disto é o aparecimento da uma nova forma de comércio, o comércio conversacional. Este combina a tendência de comunicação via mensagens instantâneas com o desenvolvimento da inteligência artificial, introduzindo assistentes virtuais neste setor. O principal objetivo deste estudo prende-se com a investigação do impacto que a inclusão de um assistente virtual teria no setor do retalho interagindo com os jovens adultos portugueses. Para tal, procurou identificar-se quais as dimensões da interação com um assistente virtual - cognitiva, afetiva e comunicativa - que influenciariam as expectativas relativas à experiência de compra e consequentemente as intenções de uso e compra dos consumidores. Para a investigação foi utilizada uma metodologia quantitativa, com a criação de um "chatbot" informativo e de um questionário "online", ao qual responderam 385 portugueses com idades desde os 18 até aos 35 anos, com acesso ao Facebook Messenger. Neste estudo foi provado que as expectativas dos consumidores em relação à experiência de compra influenciam as suas intenções de uso (assistente virtual) e compra (retalhista). No entanto, apenas a dimensão cognitiva mostrou ter um impacto significativo na criação de expectativas relativas à experiência de compra.