Relevant bibliographies by topics / Decision-Making assistance

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Decision-Making assistance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Decision-Making assistance"

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Weijmar Schultz, WCM, and HBM van de Wiel. "Assistance with decision-making." Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology 26, no. 2 (June 2005): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01674820500154475.

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Grgić-Hlača, Nina, Christoph Engel, and Krishna P. Gummadi. "Human Decision Making with Machine Assistance." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3, CSCW (November 7, 2019): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3359280.

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Evans, Mark, Rowan P. Ogeil, and James G. Phillips. "Cannabis, Decision‐Making, and Online Assistance Seeking." American Journal on Addictions 28, no. 6 (September 18, 2019): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajad.12960.

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Li, Zhuoyan, Zhuoran Lu, and Ming Yin. "Decoding AI’s Nudge: A Unified Framework to Predict Human Behavior in AI-Assisted Decision Making." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 9 (March 24, 2024): 10083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i9.28872.

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With the rapid development of AI-based decision aids, different forms of AI assistance have been increasingly integrated into the human decision making processes. To best support humans in decision making, it is essential to quantitatively understand how diverse forms of AI assistance influence humans' decision making behavior. To this end, much of the current research focuses on the end-to-end prediction of human behavior using ``black-box'' models, often lacking interpretations of the nuanced ways in which AI assistance impacts the human decision making process. Meanwhile, methods that prioritize the interpretability of human behavior predictions are often tailored for one specific form of AI assistance, making adaptations to other forms of assistance difficult. In this paper, we propose a computational framework that can provide an interpretable characterization of the influence of different forms of AI assistance on decision makers in AI-assisted decision making. By conceptualizing AI assistance as the ``nudge'' in human decision making processes, our approach centers around modelling how different forms of AI assistance modify humans' strategy in weighing different information in making their decisions. Evaluations on behavior data collected from real human decision makers show that the proposed framework outperforms various baselines in accurately predicting human behavior in AI-assisted decision making. Based on the proposed framework, we further provide insights into how individuals with different cognitive styles are nudged by AI assistance differently.
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Dollberg, G. "Computerized Decision-Making Assistance for Managing Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia." PEDIATRICS 117, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2267.

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Habhouba, D., S. Cherkaoui, and A. Desrochers. "Decision-Making Assistance in Engineering-Change Management Process." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews) 41, no. 3 (May 2011): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmcc.2010.2059013.

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Sameeh El halabi, Amna, Zeyad T. El Sayad, and Hany M. Ayad. "VRGIS as assistance tool for urban decision making." Alexandria Engineering Journal 58, no. 1 (March 2019): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2018.07.016.

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Wright, Megan S. "Supported Decision Making in the United States: Supporters Provide Decision-Making Assistance but Are Not Decision Makers." AJOB Neuroscience 14, no. 3 (July 3, 2023): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2023.2243877.

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De Peuter, Sebastiaan, and Samuel Kaski. "Zero-Shot Assistance in Sequential Decision Problems." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 10 (June 26, 2023): 11551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i10.26365.

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We consider the problem of creating assistants that can help agents solve new sequential decision problems, assuming the agent is not able to specify the reward function explicitly to the assistant. Instead of acting in place of the agent as in current automation-based approaches, we give the assistant an advisory role and keep the agent in the loop as the main decision maker. The difficulty is that we must account for potential biases of the agent which may cause it to seemingly irrationally reject advice. To do this we introduce a novel formalization of assistance that models these biases, allowing the assistant to infer and adapt to them. We then introduce a new method for planning the assistant's actions which can scale to large decision making problems. We show experimentally that our approach adapts to these agent biases, and results in higher cumulative reward for the agent than automation-based alternatives. Lastly, we show that an approach combining advice and automation outperforms advice alone at the cost of losing some safety guarantees.
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Ardelt, Michael, Peter Waldmann, Florian Homm, and Nico Kaempchen. "Strategic Decision-Making Process in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43, no. 7 (July 2010): 566–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20100712-3-de-2013.00006.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Decision-Making assistance"

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Oyelakin, Tesleem Olanrewaju. "Improvement on performance evaluation for a service providing process (With specific focus on material availability, administrative assistance, service quality and opening hour)." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-24135.

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Improvement is an essential act for restricting increasing performance pressure in organizational activities. In this paper, a framework for carrying out performance measurement process in order to strengthen the balanced score card application is developed. The proposed framework is increased to 11 procedural steps with the modification of analytic hierarchy process methods (AHP) within the balanced score card (BSC) problem solving and continuous improvement. The framework was examined with a case study of city library in Sweden. The framework enabled the service providers’ as the decision maker to assess their performance on their service rendering with respect to customer requirement, identify key measures and select the most preferred and improvement means. The motivation for this proposed framework was evident of how the step 4 can be prioritized by addressing the measure to be taken that can lead the organization in improving their performance.
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Dickert, Stephan. "Two routes to the perception of need : the role of affective vs. deliberative information processing in prosocial behavior /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7232.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2008.
Typescript. "This dissertation investigates the role of affective vs. deliberative information processing in the genesis and use of emotional reactions in decisions to provide financial aid to people in distress"--P. iv. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-175). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.
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Mamuji, Aaida. "Understanding Government Decision-Making: Canada’s Disaster-Relief in Haiti and Pakistan." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31704.

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Canada coordinates its responses to natural disasters abroad through implementing its ‘whole-of-government’ policy framework. The two largest natural disasters that struck in 2010 were the January earthquake in Haiti and the flooding in Pakistan seven months later. In contrast to the fast and robust earthquake relief provided to Haiti, Canada’s response to the Pakistan floods was minimal, especially when considering the extent of damage sustained. This dissertation applies a public administration lens to trace factors that led to the Government of Canada’s 2010 disaster-relief decisions. It develops a multi-level theoretical framework to holistically explore the role of problem-definition in shaping decision-making. It applies historical institutionalism at the macro level; recognizes the role of case-specific details and arenas at the meso level; and uses the logic of appropriateness to identify informal institutions affecting individual action at the micro level. Analysis of interviews, government documents and media coverage indicates that bureaucratic actors involved in the whole-of-government approach recognize that their role is ultimately removed from final disaster-relief decisions. There is an informal acceptance that political will, more than needs in the disaster-affected region, shapes implementation decisions. Consequently, technical assessment is inadvertently affected, and recommendations reflect what is deemed most in line with ministerial disposition to assist. The primary motivators for Government of Canada action are found to be the gaining of public support or the need to subdue targeted criticisms. Findings indicate that as a result of its media appeal, there was a strong incentive for the deployment of military assets in response to the earthquake in Haiti, even when doing so was not in the best interest of the affected region. Where Canada could respond only with non-military means, there was less incentive for action. This leads to supply-driven relief rather than a needs-based humanitarian response. With the developed theoretical framework, process-mapping and media analysis methodologies, and the actor-centred approach adopted, the dissertation makes theoretical and empirical contributions to existing public administration literature on decision-making and problem definition. It also presents a hitherto unexplored perspective on donor behaviour for consideration by international relations and development scholars.
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Isaac, Annette. "Education reform in the Eastern Caribbean : implications of a policy and decision-making program by an external donor." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37901.

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This study analyzes the participation of foreign donors in long-term education reform in the small countries of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). Central to this reform is the development of suitable and sustainable policy and decision-making structures, a relatively new activity for the sub-region's planners and educators. This research seeks to investigate how Canada's input into strengthening and supporting these key policy and decision-making structures of the education reform project may affect the sub-region's expectations for a more indigenous and relevant education system.
The background for these issues arose out of my familiarity with the challenges facing OECS Ministries of Education in reconciling their own needs in education with the interests of the donor community. In addition, in colonial times, Britain had considerable influence on every aspect of education in the Caribbean, and, in the post-colonial period, Canada had long-term involvement in human-resource development in the sub-region. This raises questions of the viability of reform of the OECS education system to reflect its own development priority needs, culture and values, when a foreign force is significantly involved in funding the development of the key policy and decision-making structures. How dependent are the OECS countries on Canadian assistance to implement their education reform agenda? The dynamics between aid and sovereignty are also of critical importance, given the Eastern Caribbean's history of colonialism and dependency. These issues have frequently been debated in the context of international assistance in the OECS but, to date, there has not been much in-depth qualitative research on such topics, from the academic community.
Drawing on dependency theory, and on qualitative research techniques, this thesis critically examines the historical, social, and international development factors of significance in such an inquiry. The study also makes recommendations for future relationships between the donor community and the OECS in the education sector.
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Ruiz-Brand, Francisco Javier. "A decision support tool for accepting or rejecting donations in humanitarian relief organizations." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000457.

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Gowda, Vidya. "Credibility of a Person-Centered Design Decision-making Prototype: Spaces for Older Persons with Vision Loss." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81388.

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Decline in both visual acuity and visual performance is a fact of life for older people and their increasing share of the population requires that buildings be designed with their visual needs in mind. As their field of vision decreases, people find it harder to identify an objects location, distance, and orientation. Elderly people with vision impairments usually find it harder to perform daily activities such as navigation through indoor spaces. Functional vision can be improved by modifying the design of spaces, for example, with better lighting. However, architects typically do not know how to take the needs of the visually impaired into account in their design process, or simply do not think of doing so. The researcher designed and feasibility-tested a prototype person-centered tool to help architects judge how appropriate a designed space will be for visually impaired people. The study was conducted as a qualitative mixed-methodology research analysis. The researcher used knowledge from literature interpretation to rationalize the development of a person-centered prototype. The researcher immersed design PhD students and vision science experts to inform the prototyping process. Along with an expert group of design and vision science professionals, the researcher beta-tested the prototype during a mock design-process scenario. The researcher also selected a small group of industry experts to participate in open-ended interviews on post-use demonstrations to qualitatively triangulate the findings on the prototypes usability. The study summarizes the feasibility including the challenges of using the prototype for professional purposes and suggests improvement.
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Stepping, Katharina M. K. [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Voigt. "The Donor-Intermediary Interaction and the Decision-Making Process of Intermediaries for Development Assistance for Health / Katharina Magdalena Karoline Stepping. Betreuer: Stefan Voigt." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027184103/34.

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Cornet, Henriette [Verfasser], Gabriele [Akademischer Betreuer] Weber-Blaschke, K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Richter, G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wulfhorst, and G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weber-Blaschke. "Sustainability screening tool for decision-making assistance in the field of urban mobility / Henriette Cornet. Gutachter: K. Richter ; G. Wulfhorst ; G. Weber-Blaschke. Betreuer: Gabriele Weber-Blaschke." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1025337700/34.

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Cornet, Henriette J. J. [Verfasser], Gabriele [Akademischer Betreuer] Weber-Blaschke, K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Richter, G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wulfhorst, and G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weber-Blaschke. "Sustainability screening tool for decision-making assistance in the field of urban mobility / Henriette Cornet. Gutachter: K. Richter ; G. Wulfhorst ; G. Weber-Blaschke. Betreuer: Gabriele Weber-Blaschke." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20120731-1097329-1-9.

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Lawrence-Fuller, Marilyn Susie. "The effect of perceived control on the decision to withdraw from an organization in an inequitable situation." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2664.

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This project attempts to explain impulsive behavior which is described here as behavior that cannot be explained by a rational thought process. There will be a concentration on the direct relationship between perceptions of equity and the intention to quit.
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Books on the topic "Decision-Making assistance"

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Beatty, Harry. Discretionary decision-making, equity and social assistance. Toronto, Ont: Social Assistance Review Committee, 1987.

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J, Harper Carol, Coburn Nancy A, and American Humane Association. Children's Division., eds. Family group decision making: Technical assistance notebook. Englewood, CO: American Humane Association, Children's Division, 1998.

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(Australia), Administrative Review Council. Automated assistance in administrative decision making: Issues paper. [Barton, ACT: Administrative Review Council], 2003.

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Thompson, Audrey M. Decision making guide for a drug-free workplace. [Connecticut: Drugs Don't Work!, 1991.

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E, Benson John, ed. Computers in the church: Practical assistance in making the computer decision. Minneapolis: Augsburg Pub. House, 1986.

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(Australia), Administrative Review Council. Automated assistance in administrative decision making: Report to the Attorney-General. Barton, A.C.T: Administrative Review Council, 2004.

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Organisation for economic co-operation and development. Resource flows to fragile and conflict-affected states. Paris: OECD, 2010.

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Utrikesdepartementet, Sweden, ed. Bra beslut: Om effektivitet och utvärdering i biståndet. [Stockholm]: Utrikesdepartementet, 1990.

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Legal Counsel for the Elderly (Washington, D.C.), American Association of Retired Persons, and United States. Administration on Aging, eds. Decision-making, incapacity, and the elderly: A protective services practice manual. Washington, D.C: American Association of Retired Persons, 1987.

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The poor in court: The Legal Services Program and Supreme Court decision making. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Decision-Making assistance"

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Kusber, Rico, Nermin Brgulja, and Klaus David. "Self-adaptation for Deployment Decision Making." In Intelligent Interactive Assistance and Mobile Multimedia Computing, 339–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10263-9_32.

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Pengnate, Supavich, Ramesh Sharda, David Biros, Michael Hass, and Upton Shimp. "On-demand Assistance in Handling Ammunition:Development of a Mobile Ammo DSS." In Supporting Real Time Decision-Making, 319–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7406-8_16.

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Voßwinkel, Rick, Maximilian Gerwien, Alexander Jungmann, and Frank Schrödel. "Intelligent Decision-Making and Motion Planning for Automated Vehicles." In Autonomous Driving and Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS), 3–36. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003048381-2.

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Hübner, Rodrigo, Linnyer Beatryz Ruiz Aylon, and Gilmar Barreto. "Towards in SSVEP-BCI Systems for Assistance in Decision-Making." In Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2018, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02686-8_1.

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Pushp, Sumant, Basant Bhardwaj, and Shyamanta M. Hazarika. "Cognitive Decision Making for Navigation Assistance Based on Intent Recognition." In Mining Intelligence and Knowledge Exploration, 81–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71928-3_9.

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Pedro, Jocelyn San, and Frada Burstein. "Intelligent Assistance, Retrieval, Reminder and Advice for Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 37–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45226-3_6.

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Newman, Benjamin A., Abhijat Biswas, Sarthak Ahuja, Siddharth Girdhar, Kris K. Kitani, and Henny Admoni. "Examining the Effects of Anticipatory Robot Assistance on Human Decision Making." In Social Robotics, 590–603. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62056-1_49.

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Cunningham, Alex G., Enric Galceran, Dhanvin Mehta, Gonzalo Ferrer, Ryan M. Eustice, and Edwin Olson. "MPDM: Multi-policy Decision-Making from Autonomous Driving to Social Robot Navigation." In Control Strategies for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Autonomous Driving Functions, 201–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91569-2_10.

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Duell, Rob, and Jan Treur. "Modelling Mediator Assistance in Joint Decision Making Processes Involving Mutual Empathic Understanding." In Computational Collective Intelligence. Technologies and Applications, 544–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11289-3_55.

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Politis, Panagiotis, Ioannis Partsakoulakis, George Vouros, and Christos Fidas. "Providing Assistance during Decision-making Problems Solving in an Educational Modelling Environment." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 21–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0221-4_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Decision-Making assistance"

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Wassouf, Yazan, Egor M. Korekov, and Vladimir V. Serebrenny. "Decision Making for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems for Public Transport." In 2023 5th International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/reepe57272.2023.10086753.

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Habhouba, Dounia, Alain Desrochers, and Soumaya Cherkaoui. "Engineering Change Management and Decision-Making Assistance using Software Agent." In 2006 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccece.2006.277384.

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S, Zulaikha Beevi, Harish Kumar P, Harish S, and Lakshan S. J. "Decision Making Algorithm for Blind Navigation Assistance using Deep Learning." In 2022 1st International Conference on Computational Science and Technology (ICCST). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccst55948.2022.10040269.

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Schemmer, Max, Niklas Kühl, and Gerhard Satzger. "Intelligent Decision Assistance Versus Automated Decision-Making: Enhancing Knowledge Workers Through Explainable Artificial Intelligence." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2022.185.

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Jost, Patrick, and Monica Divitini. "Game elicitation: exploring assistance in delayed-effect supply chain decision making." In NordiCHI '20: Shaping Experiences, Shaping Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3419249.3420154.

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Schwager, Christian, Florian Angeley, Peter Schwarzbözl, Cristiano José Teixeira Boura, and Ulf Herrmann. "Model predictive assistance for operational decision making in molten salt receiver systems." In THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BATTERY FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES (ICB-REV) 2022. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0151514.

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Lee Bower, Linda. "AI Decision Making for Allocating Government Grant Funds." In Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022) Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100869.

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This paper discusses the use of Artificial Intelligence in government decision making with a case study on the use of Artificial Intelligence to distribute government grant funds. Artificial Intelligence enables autonomous systems and decision support aids. A formal process is very important when designing a system to make decisions autonomously with Artificial Intelligence. The Office of Justice Programs, an agency of the U.S. Department of Justice, focuses on crime prevention; it provides research and development assistance to state, local, and tribal criminal justice agencies. OJP’s public safety grants involve about $2 billion distributed to some 2,000 grantees. In the past, the agency had no standard approach for determining who received grants. Then, about 2011, OJP began introducing objective measures into the grant review process and automated the process. With AI, the new system resulted in increased accuracy and consistency of decisions, as well as a more efficient review process.
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Suehiro, Yuki, Takahiro Wada, and Kohei Sonoda. "A driver assistance method for merging to increase clearness of driver decision making." In 2017 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sii.2017.8279280.

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Casanova, Isidoro J. "Tradinnova-LCS: Dynamic stock portfolio decision-making assistance model with genetic based machine learning." In 2010 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2010.5586067.

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Yan, Fei, Mark Eilers, Martin Baumann, and Andreas Luedtke. "Development of a Lane Change Assistance System Adapting to Driver's Uncertainty During Decision-Making." In AutomotiveUI'16: 8th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3004323.3004334.

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Reports on the topic "Decision-Making assistance"

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Schroer, D. J. United States Military Assistance Programs C-130B's to Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study in Policy, Decision Making & Strategy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada443819.

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Collyer, Michael, Tahir Zaman, and Dolf te Lintelo. Displacement and Social Assistance. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.029.

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Displacement forms part of virtually any major crisis. It introduces a level of complexity when providing social assistance that leads to a specific, usually context-dependent set of challenges. It is widely recognised that the vast majority of displaced people will travel as short a distance as possible to reach safety, whether as Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), refugees or irregular migrants in neighbouring countries. Displaced people are disproportionately hosted in low- and middle-income countries, and the length of their displacement is increasing. This highlights the urgent priority of displacement; indeed, it has received sustained attention from the highest levels of global decision-making, particularly since 2016, including two Global Compacts in 2018 (Global Compact for Migration, Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration). Although some have argued that such global summits offer a replacement for meaningful action, these events at least highlight clear political will to shift the emphasis from humanitarian responses to a much longer-term development focus. Interest in social assistance and displacement has also grown since 2018 and resulting policy must respond to this concern for more sustainable responses. High-level commitments are slowly filtering through to policy, while recent research has provided clear frameworks for analysing developing policy approaches. Gaps remain in the analysis of policy implementation and in the assessment of how to access social assistance beyond official state channels.
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Allen, James F., and George M. Ferguson. An Interactive Assistant for Decision Making. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada379057.

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Carter, Becky, and Paul Harvey. A Literature Review on Social Assistance and Capacity in Yemen. Institute of Development Studies, October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2023.003.

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Yemen is experiencing one of the worst crises in the world in terms of levels of suffering and humanitarian need. Intense civil war since 2014 has devastated the national economy, and approximately two-thirds of the population (21.6 million people) were assessed as being in need of humanitarian assistance and protection services in 2023 (OCHA 2023a). In response to such huge levels of need, a substantial humanitarian aid operation has been ongoing for the past eight years. The social assistance landscape in Yemen is a complex mix of humanitarian aid and the legacies of social protection systems, with local institutions still playing a role in the delivery of assistance. This paper reviews the literature, looking at the following issues: how best to balance humanitarian and social protection approaches; how to balance meeting acute immediate needs and support for longer-term systems in an ongoing conflict; and how to maintain support in the face of donor fatigue, and a complex and dynamic political landscape in Yemen. In a context where aid actors are committed to localisation, and in order to strengthen the nexus between development, humanitarian and peace-building approaches, it is vital to understand how local capacities have been affected by conflict and how the international aid effort is trying to engage with national and local actors. However, efforts to strengthen local capacities also need to take into account the divided governance in Yemen, ongoing conflict, and tensions between the main donor governments’ funding of assistance and the de facto authorities in the north of Yemen. This paper provides an empirical building block that will help to inform efforts to engage with local capacities by comprehensively mapping the complex mix of local and national actors involved in the management, delivery and regulation of social assistance. This review summarises the key literature and evidence on the capacities of national and international actors involved in providing social assistance in Yemen. It has been undertaken to inform a Yemen study on social assistance capacities and systems, part of the Better Assistance in Crises (BASIC) Research programme.[1] The primary audience is donors providing social assistance in Yemen, to help their decision-making on how to support local actors’ capacities for social assistance. Social assistance refers to the non-contributory transfers (provided as food, cash or vouchers) to poor and vulnerable households and individuals. Today in Yemen these transfers support millions of people, funded by humanitarian and development aid, and implemented by international aid agencies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) with national quasi-governmental bodies and national and local NGOs. Other local stakeholders (national and local governance authorities in the north and south of the country, and community members and beneficiaries) are also involved. This Yemen study feeds into broader BASIC Research work on the resilience of social protection systems in crises. We draw on the inception review by Slater, Haruna and Baur (2022) to frame our understanding of capacity along three interlinked dimensions: institutional, organisational and individual capacities. We found a small published literature on capacities for social assistance in Yemen (mainly donor and aid agency strategic and programme documents and some independent analysis of aid effectiveness). In this report, we summarise the political economy of international support in Yemen (Section 2). We map the social assistance landscape (Section 3), as well as the capacities of key national actors (Section 4) and international actors (Section 5 and Annexe). Section 5 sets out some preliminary conclusions.
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Kerber, Steve. Study of the Effectiveness of Fire Service Vertical Ventilation and Suppression Tactics in Single Family Homes. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/iwzc6477.

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Under the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Assistance to Firefighter Grant Program, Underwriters Laboratories examined fire service ventilation and suppression practices as well as the impact of changes in modern house geometries. There has been a steady change in the residential fire environment over the past several decades. These changes include larger homes, more open floor plans and volumes, and increased synthetic fuel loads. This investigation examined the influence of these changes to the fire behavior and subsequent impact on firefighter tactics relative to horizontal and vertical ventilation and suppression. It is anticipated that the results of this investigation will be incorporated into improved firefighting tactics and decision making to reduce firefighter injuries and fatalities. Vertical ventilation has been used successfully but also resulted in firefighter fatalities in the past, as it is not easily coordinated with suppression and other fire ground tasks such as horizontal ventilation. It is not straightforward for firefighters to train on the effects of vertical ventilation since fire service training structures and props do not allow for ventilation-limited fire conditions with representative fuel loads and floor plans that will be encountered on the fire ground. Thus, guidance on the effectiveness of vertical ventilation comes from experience gained during real incidents, but under many different fire ground conditions. This has made it difficult to develop comprehensive guidance on the coordination of vertical ventilation with other firefighter tactics, and how these tactics may influence the fire dynamics in the burning home. The purpose of this study was to improve the understanding of the fire dynamics associated with the use of vertical ventilation so that it may be more effectively deployed on the fire ground. Two houses were constructed in the large fire facility of Underwriters Laboratories in Northbrook, IL. The first house was a one-story house (1200 ft, three bedrooms, one bathroom) with a total of 8 rooms. The second house was a two-story house (3200 ft, four bedrooms, two and a half bathrooms) with a total of 12 rooms. The second house featured a modern open floor plan, two-story great room and open foyer. A total of seventeen experiments were conducted varying the ventilation locations and the number of ventilation openings. Ventilation scenarios included ventilating the front door and a window near the seat of the fire (with modern and legacy furnishings) to link to the previous research on horizontal ventilation, opening the front door and ventilating over the fire and remote from the fire. Additional experiments examined controlling the front door, making different sized ventilation holes in the roof and the impact of exterior hose streams. The results from the experiments led to identification of tactical considerations for the fire service to integrate into their education and fire ground strategies and tactics where applicable.
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Reproductive decisionmaking in the context of HIV/AIDS in Ndola, Zambia. Population Council, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1999.1018.

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Family planning (FP) programs are increasingly being considered as a logical focal point for STD and HIV/AIDS prevention services because they serve large numbers of women at risk, address the sensitive issue of sexual behavior and fertility control, and the methods for preventing unwanted pregnancy and disease can be the same. FP programs, by providing contraceptive methods, are currently one of the few sources of assistance in the sub-Saharan African region for preventing perinatal transmission of HIV, while the promotion of barrier methods contributes to the prevention of heterosexual transmission. Given this potential, research is needed to understand how the HIV epidemic influences reproductive decision-making. The Africa OR/TA II Project undertook an exploratory study of women and men’s attitudes and experiences regarding reproductive decision-making in a setting of high HIV prevalence in Ndola, Zambia. The objectives, as described in this report, were to examine perceptions of risk by men and women living in a high HIV prevalence setting, how these perceptions are related to decisions about childbearing and contraceptive use, and to identify opportunities for FP programs to expand services to address HIV prevention.
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Factors affecting the outputs and costs of community-based distribution of family planning services in Tanzania. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1998.1022.

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This study assesses the cost-effectiveness of reimbursement schemes for community-based distribution (CBD) programs in Tanzania, and answers whether agents who receive monetary incentives perform better and are more cost-effective than those that receive nonmonetary incentives. Fieldwork was undertaken in April and May 1997, and data forming the basis of the analysis was collected from four CBD programs. These programs vary in their remuneration schemes and status of their CBD agents, size, and geographical coverage; the range of activities undertaken by the agents; and supervision and management structures. As noted in this report, CBD agents who receive monetary remuneration see more clients and generate more Couple Years of Protection than those provided with nonmonetary incentives. The program relying on part-time volunteer agents who receive nonmonetary remuneration is the most cost-effective. There are a number of programmatic factors that account for variances in program-output performance and cost-effectiveness. Understanding these factors is important in guiding decision-making about future planning, resource allocation, and technical assistance for CBD programs in Tanzania. These factors and their programmatic recommendations are provided in this report.
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8

Gender mainstreaming in local potato seed system in Georgia. International Potato Center, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4160/9789290605645.

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This report presents the study findings associated with the project “Enhancing Rural Livelihoods in Georgia: Introducing Integrated Seed Health Approaches to Local Potato Seed Systems” in Georgia. It also incorporates information from the results of gender training conducted within the framework of the USAID Potato Program in Georgia. The study had three major aims: 1) to understand the gender-related opportunities and constraints impacting the participation of men and women in potato seed systems in Georgia; 2) to test the multistakeholder framework for intervening in root, tuber, and banana (RTB) seed systems as a means to understand the systems themselves and the possibilities of improving gender-related interventions in the potato seed system; and 3) to develop farmers’ leadership skills to facilitate women’s active involvement in project activities. Results of the project assessment identified certain constraints on gender mainstreaming in the potato seed system: a low level of female participation in decision-making processes, women’s limited access to finances that would enable their greater involvement in larger scale potato farming, and a low awareness of potato seed systems and of possible female involvement in associated activities. Significantly, the perception of gender roles and stereotypes differs from region to region in Georgia; this difference is quite pronounced in the target municipalities of Kazbegi, Marneuli, and Akhalkalaki, with the last two having populations of ethnic minorities (Azeri and Armenian, respectively). For example, in Marneuli, although women are actively involved in potato production, they are not considered farmers but mainly as assistants to farmers, who are men. This type of diversity (or lack thereof) results in a different understanding of gender mainstreaming in the potato seed system as well. Based on the training results obtained in three target regions—Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe, and Marneuli—it is evident that women are keen on learning new technologies and on acquiring updated agricultural information, including on potato production. It is also clear that women spend as much time as men do on farming activities such as potato production, particularly in weeding and harvesting. However, women are heavily burdened with domestic work, and they are not major decision-makers with regard to potato variety selection, agricultural investments, and product sales, nor with the inclusion of participants in any training provided. Involving women in project activities will lead to greater efficiency in the potato production environment, as women’s increased knowledge will certainly contribute to an improved production process, and their new ideas will help to improve existing production systems, through which women could also gain confidence and power. As a general recommendation, it is extremely important to develop equitable seed systems that take into consideration, among other factors, social context and the cultural aspects of local communities. Thus, understanding male and female farmers’ knowledge may promote the development of seed systems that are sustainable and responsive to farmers’ needs and capacities.
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