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Academic literature on the topic 'Déchets nucléaires métalliques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Déchets nucléaires métalliques"
Meyer, Teva. "« Allez contaminer chez vous ! » Stigmatisation territoriale et production de la nucléarité spatiale à Hao (Polynésie française)." Annales de géographie N° 752, no. 4 (August 14, 2023): 91–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ag.752.0091.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Déchets nucléaires métalliques"
Lopez, Christophe. "Solubilité des actinides et de leurs simulants dans les verres nucléaires : limites d'incorporation et compréhension des mécanismes." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112218.
Full textThe nuclear wastes are currently incorporated in borosilicate glass matrices. The resulting glass must be perfectly homogeneous. The work discussed here is a study of actinide (thorium and plutonium) solubility in borosificate glass, undertaken to assess the extent of actinide solubility in the glass and to understand the mechanisms controlling actinide solubilization. Glass specimens containing actinide surrogates were used to prepare and optimize the fabrication of radioactive glass samples. These preliminary studies revealed that actinide surrogates solubility in the glass was enhanced by controlling the processing temperature, the dissolution kinetic of the surrogate precursors, the glass composition and the oxidizing versus reducing conditions. The actinide solubility was investigated in the borosilicate glass. The evolution of thorium solubility in borosilicate glass was determined for temperatures ranging from 1200ʿC to 1400ʿC. Borosilicate glass specimens containing plutonium were fabricated. The experimental result showed that the plutonium solubility limit ranged from 1 to 2. 5 wt% PuO2 at 1200ʿC. A structural approach based on the determination of the local structure around actinides and their surrogates by EXAFS spectroscopy was used to determine their structural role in the glass and the nature of their bonding with the vitreous network. This approach revealed a correlation between the length of these bonds and the solubility of the actinides and their surrogates
Hamza, Letissia. "Réactivité du graphite, magnésium et uranium, déchets nucléaires des réacteurs UNGG, dans des hydroxydes fondus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASP004.
Full textThis thesis is part of the SELF France 2030 project, which proposes a water-based oxidative pretreatment of metallic nuclear waste in a NaOH-KOH-H₂O salt melted at 225⁰C before conditioning in cementitious matrices. This process inserts the metal waste and ensures the safety of the disposal package. The thesis work was therefore devoted to studying the reactivity of the main metallic nuclear wastes - graphite, magnesium, and uranium - in molten NaOH-KOH salt at 225⁰C. The first part concerns the NaOH-KOH mixture (51.5 - 48.5 mol%) melted at 225⁰C to acquire thermodynamic and experimental data on its chemical and electrochemical stability. Gravimetric and electrochemical studies show that the mixture contains 15 mol% water at 225⁰C, which is characteristic of high water solvation in this medium. The redox properties of the salt were studied by electrochemistry coupled with gas-phase micro-chromatography (μGC). Reactions at the anodic and cathodic limits are strongly influenced by water content: in hydrated media, the cathodic limit corresponds to the reduction of H₂O to H₂, whereas in dehydrated media, it is the reduction of Na⁺ that limits the electroactivity range. The anodic limit is attributed to the oxidation of OH⁻ to O₂ in media with water contents above 8.7 mol% and to the oxidation of OH- to O₂⁻ for lower contents. The electrochemical study enabled us to calculate the water activity coefficient in the molten hydroxide mixture at 225⁰C. The result confirms the high solvation of water in this medium. Water is the oxidizing element in the medium, so it was important to monitor its content in situ. Therefore, a calibration line based on measuring the water reduction peak current - Ipc =f([H₂O]) - was established, enabling water to be measured in the various experiments. The activity coefficient of NaOH was also determined electrochemically. This set of experimental data was used to calculate the stability diagram of the NaOH-KOH salt as a function of potential and water content. Finally, controlling and maintaining the amount of water was proposed to ensure continuous oxidation of metallic waste. The second part of this thesis was dedicated to studying the reactivity of graphite, magnesium, and uranium in molten hydroxides containing water at 225⁰C. This study showed that graphite is stable in molten hydroxides. This study showed that graphite is stable in molten hydroxides. According to thermodynamic data, magnesium can be oxidized by water or Na⁺ ions, forming a pyrophoric compound of H₂ or Na. However, experimental studies show that H₂O continuously oxidizes magnesium, and electrochemically, magnesium oxidation is observed at a higher potential than Na⁺ ion reduction. Furthermore, Mg oxidation kinetics are proportional to water concentration at lower water contents, characteristic of cathodic dissolution control. At higher water contents, the oxidation kinetics reach a limit that depends on the active surface of the magnesium, giving anodic control of the dissolution. For industrial implementation and to manage waste dissolution kinetics and H₂ formation, it is recommended to start with a dehydrated molten salt and continuously add water. We calculated a stability diagram for magnesium in the medium based on all these experimental data. Concerning the behavior of uranium in molten salt, thermodynamic calculations show that uranium is preferentially oxidized to K₂UO₄. Gas chromatography analyses confirmed uranium oxidation by water, and experimental studies proposed a reaction mechanism
Fournier, Sabine. "Etude de la dissolution des oxydes mixtes (U,Pu)O2 à forte teneur en plutonium." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20203.
Full textKrisner, Emmanuelle. "Oxydation hydrothermale d'acide acétique et de tributylphosphate en l'absence, puis en présence d'un catalyseur métallique : le cuivre." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11016.
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