Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déchets – Élimination – Environnement'
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Bonadona, d'Ambrun Sylvie de. "L' environnement, les déchets ménagers et la citoyenneté." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX1A016.
Full textHajek, Isabelle. "La contribution des acteurs socio-associatifs à l'élaboration de la question environnementale : d'une sociologie de la connaissance à la construction d'une grammaire politique élargie : le cas de la mobilisation contre l'incinération des déchets à Marseille." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10089.
Full textRoudie, Marie. "Les déchets industriels : cas d'une entreprise pharmaceutique : aspects règlementaires et techniques." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P057.
Full textMarsal, Pierre. "Le statut juridique des déchets : l'exemple des obstacles aux transferts de déchets." Artois, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998ARTO0301.
Full textWith technical barriers to intra-community trade reppearing as a result of environmental protection policies, an inventory of obstacles has been completed with a view. On the one hand to identify those resulting from community and international rules and on the other hand to access those stemming from diverging implementation at member state level and arising either from the room of discretion left to member states or from an incorrect interpretation of community texts
Diawara, Amadou Bélal. "Les déchets solides à Dakar : environnement, sociétés et gestion urbaine." Bordeaux 3, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466516.
Full textDakar faces an important deficit in equipment and basic urban public services. Among the sectors affected by this deficiency, that of the taking charge of solid waste. At its birth in the xxe century, colonial authorities limited the collection and cleaning services to only European districts of the town. Since the independence, a quick urban denseness which did not gain control of, brought organisms of collection, to apply a sociodifferentiate management between central equipped areas, and a little urbanized margin beltways. Domestic hygiene was not very affected by this functioning. But the weakness of the official offer, bring the populations to adopt alternatives mechanisms a little suitable for the disposal of garbage : anarchists rejection, burial or traditional burning. With the law acquittal of Mbeubeus which receives the whole waste of the built up area, these practices cause the pollution of the environment. It also damage the living condition of the population, and put in danger their health. A global management policy of waste is necessary. Intervening on the whole chain, it must integrate the banal production, but also that said dangerous medical and industrial waste
Lavoillotte, Marie-Pierre. "Les contrats privés d'élimination de déchets : contribution des contrats de droit privé à la protection de l'environnement." Dijon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DIJOD003.
Full textSeboun, Virginie. "La gestion des déchets industriels en hydrologie." Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P106.
Full textMezouari-Sandjakdine, Fadila. "Conception et exploitation des centres de stockage des déchets en Algérie et limitation des impacts environnementaux." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/85172b8f-bc24-48f9-8454-6ecfa0b18571/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4015.pdf.
Full textThe wastes processing poses a problem in Algeria because of absence of control, unsuited functional installations (collect and processing of leachates, biogas…. ) or no existing and difficulties of financing. The management of the wastes encounters numerous difficulties from a technical point of view, methodological and organisational. The choice is related to the burying of the wastes as a mode of treatment, but which remains unsuited to the local constraints. This is due to a lack of knowledge of the parameters specific to the landfills in the PED. For these reasons, the programme of landfills expertise in the PED, developed by the ADEME and realised in collaboration with the engineering school of Limoges meet a real need. The expertise of the two technical burying centres in Algeria, situated in two different climatic zones (littoral and arid zone), have permitted on the two sites of the studies, The follow-up of 17 parameters after the installation of experimental devices. Thus characterizing the entering wastes (nature and flow), the wastes stored and their mechanical behaviour, hydraulics and biological, the external environment and the characteristics of the exploitation. The obtained results after the physical and chemical characterisation of the wastes have revealed that the wastes are more organics and humid than in the developed countries and the climatic conditions are also different. Minimal conditions of domestic’s wastes burying have been identified, in order to limit the environmental impacts and the taking into account of the analysis of the whole causes of the actual situation have allowed us to understand the general mechanisms affecting the landfill. The acquisition of the in situ data during one complete year, the improvement of the comprehension of the particular mechanisms which govern the behaviour of the wastes have allowed to propose improvements for the technological choice of a methodological step and of exploitation for the management of the TCB in Algeria
Hou, Chunyan. "Le droit des déchets : étude comparatiste France - Chine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV132.
Full textFor years, the environment has become an important concern, if not a concern of paramount importance in everyday life worldwide. Today in France, ecological issues are emerging as a major element in the strategic guidelines in the losses or chosen company developments. France is regularly cited among the most environmentally friendly countries in the world. On the contrary, the environmental problems in China are alarming. Each year, the economic development is characterized by high consumption and high pollution. The policy of modernization and economic growth implemented by the Chinese authorities now includes consideration of environmental constraints as one of its main components. The issue of waste has become over time more and more problematic mainly because of their significant increase. However, awareness of the need for effective waste management only appeared late in minds. Waste treatment is one of the major environmental problems which each country in the world is facing, and the situation does not improve with the improvement of living standards. Faced with the increase in waste generation, the French legislator established in 1975 the county and regional waste management plans to encourage their recovery by means of the promotion of selective collection, recycling and incineration with energy recovery. In October 1995, China adopted a law on the prevention of pollution caused by solid waste in order to resolve the problems caused by waste. In the light of the French and Chinese regulations, this thesis aims at carrying out a comparative study of the similarities and differences in terms of waste management, namely the processing and destruction of waste and the administrative policies and public order governing trade in waste. As regards French law, we shall examine, namely, Law No 75-633 of 15 July 1975 on waste disposal and recovery of materials and Law n ° 76-663 of 19 July 1976 on classified installations for environmental protection. Concerning Chinese law, we shall examine the law on the prevention of pollution caused by solid waste was adopted on 30 October 1995; the Circular Economy Law of 29 August 2008; and the law on the promotion of clean production of 29 June 2002. Circular economy is a new mode of economic operation, implementing the principles of reduction and recovery of waste as well as the the reduction of waste harmfulness. This new mode was adopted by both the French and the Chinese laws. The comparative study focuses on the major principles and the adoption of specific measures for these two regulations. The international cooperation in terms of laws on waste in France and China is crucial. The study of the rules at international level on transboundary movements and disposal of hazardous waste has focused on human health and the environment. Many actions are performed to improve, restore or maintain the status of the various compartments of the environment and reduce the damages from human activities on the environment
Le, Maitre Stéphanie. "Gestion des déchets ménagers : du consommateur à l"acteur-citoyen" entre contrainte et persuasion." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX24003.
Full textIn 2006, the french communes collected per capita, 536 kilograms of municipal garbage and 350 kilograms are produced by the households. It becomes exigent to inflecting this growth. This thesis demonstrates the necessity to transform the consumer in actor-citizen who should participate in the waste management programs. The 1st chapter gives the background : complexity of the "waste sphere", diversity of the subtances, plurality of the actors ; laws, degrees and circular : repercussions on the economic and social life of the country. Chapter 2 introduces two instruments adapted to integrate the households in waste programs : the fiscal system and voluntary agreement. The 1st contribution : "gestion des déchets : consommateurs versus producteurs" demonstrates that a charge based on the amount of waste gives rise to citizen behaviours. Chapter 3 commends a "two-part tariff", i. E. , a disposal fee and an advanced fee witch is directly include in the price of the goods. The two contributions written with Hubert Stahn : "waste management and household effort : toward an enhanced ADF policy" and "toward waste contract management", propose a contract which specify a waste treatment target (obtained with households' efforts) in counterpart to a lower disposal fee. Chapter 4 establishes the growth of ecological sensitiveness among the economic agents. The portentus role of public campaigns of information in the waste management programs is illusttrated in the last contribution : "le rôle des campagnes d'information dans les politiques de gestion de déchets ménagers"
Blayrac, Michel. "Conception et developpement d'un environnement informatique d'aide à l'étude d'une usine de retraitement de combustibles irradiés." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10048.
Full textAubert, Jean-Emmanuel. "Valorisation d'une cendre d'incinérateur d'ordures ménagères traitée par le procédé Revasol R dans des bétons hydrauliques." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30203.
Full textSalazar, Claudia. "Elaboration d'une méthode de prévision du gisement des déchets générés par le cycle de vie des bâtiments : amélioration de la traçabilité des composants du bâtiment." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0101/these.pdf.
Full textNowadays, the great amount of resources consumed by the building sector, the great quantity of Construction and Demolition Waste (C&DW) and their less than optimal management are major problems at a worldwide level. For instance, in Europe, only 25% of the 180Mt of C&DW estimated per annum are recycled (despite its major recycling potential). The remaining 75% are landfilled (in some cases illegally). In order to improve the management of C&DW, it is necessary to know the current and future quantities and characteristics of the C&DW that is generated, as well as their period and location of generation. Unfortunately, at the moment, these flows are poorly known. Consequently, it is difficult to implement an environmentally sound and optimal management while abiding by regulations. Bearing this in mind, our contribution to the improvement of the knowledge about these flows could be summarized as follows: - Establishment of the state of the art of the current sources of information about these flows; -Proposition of a new method, called ELDORADO, which allow the traceability of buildings components and provides a long term forecasting of C&DW. The forecasting is done both, at a micro level and at a macro level. The micro level corresponds to the forecasting of the C&DW for a building. The macro level concerns a set of buildings. This forecasting is made from the construction of the building until the end of its service life. In contrast with other researches, the description of the materials flows is given by addressing not only quantities but also relevant technical characteristics, period and location. Both levels of the method are based on the acquisition of data about the components that go into the building (by establishing their traceability) and on a static and a behavioural building model. This model allows the simulation of the possible evolution of the building as well as the generation of C&DW. The simulation of the building evolution is based on scenarios proposed by the users of the method. - The application of this method is tested partially on 4 real cases and fully tested on one building. The latter has allowed to: - note the importance of maintaining information about the flows inside buildings (traceability); -establish the need of the implementation of a software tool for applying the method and introducing the Industry Foundation Classes in this software; -identify the strong and weak points of the building models proposed for the application of the method. -Additionally, in this document we discuss the present difficulties related to the implementation of the method, the necessary tools that should be created and the prospects of our work
Dufour, Stéphane. "La gestion des déchets : un test pour le droit communautaire de l'environnement." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010294.
Full textQueheille, Eva. "Economie Circulaire et conception d'Outil d'Optimisation de la stratégie de gestion des Déchets de Déconstruction (ECO2D2)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0336.
Full textConstant growth of urban population and property pressure tend to speed up real properties renewal. In building and civil engineering, buildings deconstruction is increasing. It produces 39.2 million tons of waste per year in France. However, only 45 % of waste are recovered. The European and French objective of 70 % recovery rate is not reached. In order to improve deconstruction waste management, this thesis studied two subjects. The first subject was for a better environmental assessment of a deconstruction strategy. To resolve this issue, we propose a double approach, with greenhouse gases (GHG) emission and life cycle analysis (LCA). It is relevant to consider waste management and deconstruction works together, because of their complementarity, whereas other existing tools often study only one of these two sides. The second subject was for deconstruction strategies optimization with operational (cost and delays) and environmental (recovery rate and impacts by GHG emissions or LCA) objectives. A Multi-Objective Optimization model is suggested with a metaheuristic resolution. The model application on study cases showed the model capacity to offer strategies that are well balanced between the objectives and that can be directly applied
Mery, Jacques. "Contribution à une gestion durable du risque environnemental du stockage des déchets ménagers et assimilés : l'évaluation du coût externe des fuites de lixiviat des décharges." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS006S.
Full textLandfills are still the main way of municipal solid wastes treatment in many countries, including France, while their level of social acceptance is low. These are more or less known and managed depending on their nature and the horizon time to be considered and their monetarisation is still in its enfancy. We present a state of the art of landfill externalities valuation, then focus on leachate leakage impacts of dry tomb and bioreactor landfills in a weak sustainability framework (cost-benefit analysis) and to a less extent in a strong sustainability framework (cost-efficiency analysis). Their monetarisation on horizons time of necessarily many centuries requires specific intergenerational discounting procedures. The deduced external costs crucially depend on these procedures, which constitutes a numerical translation of ethical choices, leading to the fundamentals of sustainable development and to more sustainable technologies of lanfilling (bioreactors)
Haddad, Raymond. "La problématique de la gestion des déchets dans le droit communautaire de l'environnement." Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0301.
Full textThe mass of waste that remained negligible during the early millennia of human experience, dangerously increased with the industrial revolution and the advent of the consumer society. Wastes can henceforth destroy the laws of nature. They cause serious and irreversible degradation of the environment and major technological risks.Given this reality, the community law of the waste and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice had implemented three immune systems. They can be designated by the terms of metaphysics immunity, representing a system of values, legal immunity, corresponding to coercion, solidarity, information and participation, and biological immunity ensuring the maintenance of corporeality.This environmental advance has been partially undermined by the merchandising of waste. Indeed, the dominant feature of the merchandise is the abstraction, which extends to everything surrounding the merchandise form. Thus, the abstract merchandise value is only capable of quantitative differentiation as opposed to the qualitative of the environmental advocates. This abstraction allowed exceeding legal and metaphysical thought that disdains the residues, but it imposed a spatiotemporal process that determines the forms of thought harmful to the balance of the natural environment
Guyon, Thierry. "Les entreprises nationales et l'environnement." Lyon 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO33033.
Full textCastay, Valérie. "Instruments de régulation et incitations à l'amélioration des technologies de dépollution." Bordeaux 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR40039.
Full textThe degree with which policy instruments encourage the adoption of new pollution control devices is one ofthe most important criteria on which to judge environmental policies. In fact, the implementation of new technologies could reduce the contradiction between economic growth and environmental Quality. First, we study the agreements concluded with the industrialists and the Water Agencies, the organisation responsible for incentive-based instruments in France. Our work is based on the principal-agent theory extended to asymetric information problems. .
Phéron, Xavier. "Durabilité des capteurs à fibres optiques sous environnement radiatif." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01058775.
Full textMarchetti, Nicolas. "La localisation des biens publics générateurs de nuisances." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10046.
Full textEl, Heit Sonia. "Méthodologie de veille-prospective concertative appliquée aux déchets industriels banals : quelle place pour la demande sociale? : une application aux véhicules hors d'usage." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004VERS006S.
Full textNon hazardous industrial wastes are a difficult reality to manage : they disturb. In order to manage these difficulties, (horizontal and vertical) environmental regulations have gradually been created. The problem is that the actual situation of “waste” regulation cannot be strictly applied. The increasing number of legal rules favoured creation of a nexus which is difficult to understand. Solutions in waste treatment already exist and can offer numerous opportunities of management. Unfortunately, deep disagreements appear between actors, each trying to minimise the cost of treatment, putting the blame on the other. This situation is the consequence of a weakness in the waste definition: according to the considered approach, the definition seems to favour such actor or such factor. Finally, the recurrent element to theses disagreements lies on the conception of waste. In appearance, these definitions have nothing to share. Nevertheless, a deep analysis shows the need for a common denominator: this is the social demand. The former has reached to shape each approach of waste(historic, economic, environmental and legal)
Chay, Claire. "Le travail des déchets : regards croisés sur une activité industrielle et environnementale." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20084.
Full textThis dissertation explores the work of waste management by the use sociological mixed methods: computer-assisted discourse analysis and participant observation in waste industries. This research aims at showing the scope of work in waste industry as well as the content of the professional household waste sorting activity. The research focuses on interaction, social regulation and organizational work. This PhD dissertation shows the tensions between environment (green jobs) and the conditions of industrial work. The first part emphasizes on the elements that define this type of opposition. We observed a strong division of labor, particularly because the conception appears very far from the actual manual activities occurring in factories. Then the coexistence of public and private showcase other socio-economic issues related to the type of management. Finally, work in the waste sector, it is also considering the issue of risks at work and environmental hazards, which meanings are subject to the work context. The second part of the dissertation research aims at understanding how the workers live these contradictions and how they manage to move in this constraining industrial world. The research shows the importance and the difficulties for a novice to "become" a worker through the integration of a work collective and the appropriation of work. This will highlight the importance of social relationships and language activity in a workplace “a priori” hostile to interactions. Finally, the weight of waste sorter job’s representations, the risk of soiling and the apprehension of line work bring the worker to negotiate this “very dirty work” in order to change the working conditions and representations to be more viable and decent
Ebert, Chloé. "Le régime juridique des immersions en milieu marin." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32073.
Full textPollution resulting from dumping operations is ruled by various international texts of which contents has been transposed for most of it in our internal law. The subject of the present study is to set out the legal system of dumping as it results from all these texts. In this perspective, it has been necessary to define first the operation of dumping by determining the action from which it results on the one hand, the substance which is the object of it on the other hand. So it has resulted from this, that the operation of dumping supposes a voluntary action, of which the aimed finality is to eliminate a substance, which will be susceptible to have a harmful effect on the marine environment in which is dumped. The legal nature of the operation being ascertained thus, the study of its conditions showed an important evolution of its legal system. At the beginning the operation could be authorized from the moment the substance which was to be dumped was not expressly mentioned by the texts. However as the evolution of the environmental law went on and notably as certain principles raised to the status of fundamental principles appeared, the tendency has been reversed. The operation will be forbidden, unless it relates to certain substances exhaustively listed by the texts, and within certain precise conditions which will have to be abided by
Lacour, Joaneson. "Valorisation de la fraction organique de résidus agricoles et autres déchets assimilés à l’aide de traitements biologiques anaérobies." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAL0026/document.
Full textIn rural and peri-urban areas of Haiti, organic wastes and residues generated mainly by agricultural activities and agribusiness, are traditionally valued in situ in animal feeding as feed, in the fertilization of the soil as organic conditioner and/or for energy purposes as fuels. In parallel, the organic wastes of the cities are predominantly eliminated without any form of segregation in non-controlled landfills. This research work aimed to place the emphasis on the opportunity of valuing these wastes by biomethanation as an alternative way of biological treatment of organic biodegradable wastes. The exercise of assessment of organic wastes production has highlighted a loss of wastes-resources estimated at about 2 960 000 tons of dry matter per annum, potentially convertible to 367 500 000 Nm3 of methane or 310 000 toe, corresponding to approximately 16% of recovery of the final energy demand of the households of the whole country. The experimental approach at laboratory scale allowed to assess the ultimate biomethane potential different types of agricultural wastes like bagasse, cabbage and cattle, pigs and chickens manures as well as the possibilities of optimizing the kinetics of anaerobic digestion by some inexpensive means as the reduction of the particles size, the increase of ratio IVS/SVS, the nutrient balance and the synergy effects of co-digestion. The special conditions of implementation of the pilot approach have demonstrated the feasibility of the development of biomethanation technology, with a return period of about 5 years
Kple, Melhyas. "Étude des voies de valorisation des déchets ménagers au Bénin : cas de la ville d’Abomey-Calavi." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0288/document.
Full textGeneraly in West Africa, the waste management is a priority problem mainly for the cities which welcome a growing population. It is the case of the city of Abomey-Calavi, that has no organized system of waste management. To allow an optimized management of waste, an overall policy based on tangible and demonstrated elements must be implemented. It is so essential to analyze the problem and its characteristics, to test various envisaged solutions, and to optimize the viable systems. The objective of this study is to provied solutions for the waste treatment of Abomey-Calavi. It is so a question of studying the problem, since the characterization of waste until the proposal of appropriate solutions and the conditions of their implementation. The methods tested in this study are based on thermochemical ways (Pyrolysis, Combustion and Gasification). The heterogeneous nature of waste does not allow their study in laboratory (more expensive and not representative). Thus, a model waste (MW: wood 88 %, Cardboard 7 %; Plastic 5 %) was established and based on the typological characterization of the waste of the city and the chemical assumptions. The study of the pyrolysis was realized in two parts. Slow pyrolysis in TGA and fast pyrolysis. TGA shows that the fast pyrolysis of the model waste can be made only at temperatures above 500°C. In the continuity of the results obtained in pyrolysis, a study of air gasification was made on the wood and the model waste at temperature of 800°C in a fluidized bed reactor. The tests allowed to observe that the results on these two types of fuels are very close. A simple model for the production of gas, condensable and of char during the gasification in fluidized bed was developed.The study of the combustion of MW in the boiler of LERMAB shows that the combustion is better when it is made in a reactor of high power. Compared with the results obtained on the wood, the combustion of the combustible mixture (MW) in the boiler does not present negative effects. These results seem very interesting for the choice of a better way of thermochemical treatment of the waste of the city of Abomey-Calavi. Finally, a waste management chain of HSW of the city of Abomey-Calavi is proposed in three parts and based on a mixed biological – thermochemical process preceded by the sorting
Montagner, Florian. "Nouvelles méthodes de tri des déchets par rayons X." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932692.
Full textJolivet, Patrick. "Représentation économique du comportement écologique des consommateurs : le cas des déchets ménagers." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003288.
Full textLa problématique centrale de cette thèse est donc la suivante : peut-on représenter économiquement le phénomène ‘déchet' dans l'acte individuel de consommation ? Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous proposons de représenter la sensibilité des consommateurs vis-à-vis de l'environnement, en général, et des déchets en particulier. Le postulat est que les individus peuvent intégrer la variable ‘environnement' dans leurs choix de consommation, dès l'achat de produits sur le marché : ceci définit ce que nous proposons d'appeler la rationalité environnementale continue des agents économiques.
Dans une seconde partie, nous caractérisons le comportement d'un individu qui choisit de trier ses déchets. A partir d'une enquête qualitative que nous avons réalisée, nous recherchons dans les discours et les pratiques des agents à définir ce qu'est le comportement du consommateur-producteur (-trieur) de déchets. Il apparaît, lors de cette enquête, que la sensibilité écologique des agents économiques, lorsqu'elle existe, ne se traduit pas prioritairement dans leurs choix de consommation. Les préoccupations vis-à-vis des déchets ménagers, postérieures aux décisions d'achat de biens, définissent une rationalité environnementale discontinue et nous conduisent à élargir le cadre d'analyse traditionnel du consommateur.
Schucht, Simone. "Une évaluation interdisciplinaire de la mise en oeuvre d'une politique environnementale européenne : la directive relative aux incinérateurs des déchets municipaux (89/429/CEE)." Paris, ENMP, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENMP1277.
Full textDesvaux, Pierre. "L'arraisonnement des milieux urbains : .analyse des flux cataboliques au Caire (Egypte) et à Lyon (France)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH028/document.
Full textThis thesis intend to formulate a qualitative analysis of urban metabolism based on the study of waste circulations in Cairo (Egypt) and Lyon (France). I propose here an analytical framework centered on multiple social and technical infrastructures allowing the circulation and transformation of matter to overlook assumptions of incommensurability of Northern and Southern urban contexts. Catabolic flows are presented as a way of encompassing the whole of the process of the « social death of things » understood as a practice of protection from the hygienic and critic hazards of waste. Such flows are deployed by an effort of enframing urban milieus through heterogeneous practices of coding and overcoding. Those notions help me to identify an western form of urbanization relying on an engineering of urban milieus (mesologic engineering). This theoretical frame is thought as a « third term » allowing a discussion between cases oftenly considered as incommensurable because of teratological understanding of urban development in the South. The idea is to set up what Souleymane Bachir Diagne calls an « universalism of translation » in line with postcolonial inquiries of a necessary renewal of urban theories through the study of southern urban experiences. Starting there, catabolic flows are studied through the analysis of enframing practices in Lyon and Cairo in the context of contemporary capitalist metabolism
Falletti, Florence. "Etude de la régénération par microfiltration tangentielle sur membrane minérale des fluides de coupe aqueux et des solutions aqueuses de dégraissage." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20230.
Full textMonsaingeon, Baptiste. "Le déchet durable : éléments pour une socio-anthropologie du déchet ménager." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010654/document.
Full textOver the past forty years, household waste and its management have been assimilated to a global environmental issue. While sustainable development is becoming a pressing issue, the number of our garbage bins is increasing. So what is it that we aim to preserve when we are dutifully sorting out our garbage? Between the very local gesture of discarding and the global environmental issue, there is a tremendous gap. The link between everyday practices of waste and environmental issues is so underdetermined that it has to be analysed. The main claim of this dissertation is that despite a growing concern with environment and the increasing time and space devoted to waste management, we remain unaware of the social, technological and material issues at stake. Because of this individual and collective blindness waste is not seen as a clue: as its memorial function is neglected waste is still perceived as what has to disappear, as a material quantity that has to be controlled and eliminated. The en-durable waste is an oxymoron that leads to further investigate the multiple modes of presence of waste in today’s life. Inspired by the personae of the ragman and of the archaeologist, this socio-anthropological investigation follows household waste from uncertain oceans of plastic to few Parisian vermicompost bins. Based on this confrontation to the materiality of waste, to the territories and to practices of wasting, this dissertation claims that where the unavoidable presence of waste is described as a problem, it is question of our presence to waste that is at stake
Esnault, Loïc. "Réactivité géomicrobiologique des matériaux et minéraux ferrifères : impact sur la sureté d'un stockage de déchets radioactifs en milieux argileux." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10139/document.
Full textThis thesis sought to describe the dynamic concept of a viable and sustainable microbiological activity under deep geological disposal conditions and to assess its impact on containment properties and storage components. Thus, in this study, a model based on the bacterial ferric reduction was chosen for its sustainability criteria in the system and its ability to alter the materials in storage conditions. The main results of this work demonstrated the capability of the environment to stand the iron-reducing bacterial activity and the conditions of its development in the deep clay environments. The bio-availability of structural Fe (III) in clay minerals and iron oxides produced during the process of metal corrosion was clearly demonstrated. In this system, the corrosion appears to be a positive factor on bacterial activities by producing an energy source, hydrogen. The iron-reducing bacterial activities can lead to a resumption of metallic corrosion through the consumption of iron oxides in the passive film. The direct consequence would be a reduction of the lifetime of metal containers. In the case of ferric clay minerals, the consequences of such an activity are such that they can have an impact on the overall porous structure both in terms of chemical reactivity of the materials or physical behavior of the clayey barrier. One of the most significant results is the crystallization of new clay phases at very low temperatures, below 40°C, highlighting the influence of the anaerobic microbial activity in the mineralogical transformations of clay minerals. Furthermore, these experiments also allowed to visualize, for the first time, a mechanism of bacterial respiration at distance, this increases the field of the availability of essential elements as Fe3+ for bacterial growth in extreme environment. In conclusion, these results clearly showed the impact of the microbiological factor on the reactivity of clay and metal minerals, while relying on control parameters on bacterial activity. The relevance of taking into account these microbiological activities in the case of safety assessments of a repository is then established
Smati, Abdenasser. "Contribution à l'étude des transferts de chaleur et de masse dans le matériau de remplissage d'un stockage de déchets haute activité." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066143.
Full textPlanes, Isabelle. "Performances des capteurs à fibres optiques basés sur les diffusions Brillouin, Rayleigh et Raman en environnement sévère." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES048.
Full textThis thesis was carried out in collaboration between Andra (The National Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste) and the Hubert Curien laboratory (Joint Research Unit CNRS 5516) of the Jean Monnet University of Saint-Étienne.In this work, I evaluated the performance of fiber optic sensors for monitoring the geological disposal site of long-lived radioactive waste (Cigéo project). This application requires regular, remote and distributed monitoring of the evolution of different quantities of interest such as: temperature, deformation and the presence of hydrogen (as well as their combinations) in a severe radiative environment. The proposed solution is based on the follow-up of optical signatures evolution of these wave-guides via backscatter studies: Brillouin, Rayleigh, and Raman.In order to answer this problem, several interrogation systems have been tested (used). According to their specificities, they are differentiated by: their types of analysis, their spatial resolutions, their optical budgets and scopes...The selection of the studied optical fibers is a key element for this type of application as they have to withstand these extreme environments over long periods of time. In this work, I studied the responses of optical fibers containing different dopants, in particular Ge and F. I quantified the effects of gamma radiation, temperature, deformation and the presence of hydrogen on the quality (sensitivitiy) of the distributed measures.My work has identified the optical fiber type to be used for these harsh environments. The interrogators’ responses are driven by these fiber types as well as their lengths and, consequently, make it possible to clearly define the dimensions of the areas to be monitored. The qualities of the measurement are governed by the choice of several parameters and in particular: the pulse duration, the power injected into the fiber, the frequency steps, the measurement duration ... these elements have a direct impact on the final resolutions (spatial and frequency) of measured quantities. Particular attention must be attached to these criteria
Galateau, Estelle-Fleur. "Les conditions sociales de l’adoption de comportements plus durables en matière de consommation et de gestion des déchets : analyse sociologique d’un dispositif de démocratie participative et des théories d’action en sciences humaines et sociales." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H005/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to analyze the processes established to modify behaviors and make them more sustainable, in everyday practices of consumption and waste management. We want to know whether the currently recognized values alone are explanatory of changing behaviors, and whether there are strong constraints involved in adopting more sustainable practices. In view of the current concern with environmental issues, we studied a procedure in participatory democracy designed to change participants’ behavior. Secondly, we analyzed current theories in social sciences in order to identify forces other than this political one. The research shows that participatory democracy results from intellectual actors or idealistic activists, who try to solve problems of political legitimacy, trust, and efficiency. But their idealism, which sparks the start of the action, faces strong constraints, requires adjustments to their ideal. These adjustments explain why changes of behavior are limited, which may discourage pioneers and activists, or alter the imaginary of "eco-Fascists", utopians, or authoritarians. In analyzing the theories of action in social sciences, we also observed the importance of scales of observation: the micro-Individual level and micro-Social level (in particular domestic space and practices) cannot be analyzed alone. They are embedded in the meso- and macro-Social levels, which highlight eigenvalues and the effects of membership and social regulation in daily practices
Sakaya, Jamal. "Towards Effective Environmental Regulations—Operations Management Perspective." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022EHEC0009.
Full textIn this thesis, I examine the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and the take-back policies used in the European Union (EU) to fight global warming and manage some waste categories. I study three key research problems associated with them: (i) how firms will adapt to a reform to the EU ETS that reduces the number of allowances in circulation and places excess allowances in a reserve, (ii) how the EU ETS and the take-back policies interact, and (iii) is it better to manage some waste categories through take-back policies with minimum recovery rates or a cap-and-trade policy. Each chapter covers one problem. In the first chapter, I examine how firms will adapt to a reform to the EU ETS that allows the regulator to remove a percentage of surplus allowances and put them in a reserve—the market stability reserve. I study the firms’ strategies for compliance with this reform and the regulator’s problem of setting a policy parameter—the percentage of surplus allowances to withdraw–– that encourages emissions abatement without sacrificing economic prosperity. To do that, I model a game spanning two periods, in which the regulator first sets the policy parameter and then firms produce their output, reduce emissions, and participate in the auction for allowances. In the second chapter, I study how the EU ETS and waste take-back policies interact and impact each other’s economic and environmental effectiveness. To that end, I model a game where suppliers subject to a carbon cap-and-trade policy supply raw material to manufacturers subject to take-back policy with a minimum recycling target. In the third chapter, I study if it is better to manage some waste categories through take-back policies with minimum recovery rates or a cap-and-trade policy. To that end, I consider the electronic waste context, and I use two stylized models to compare the economic and environmental effectiveness of two policies: a percentage-based take-back policy, which requires electronic manufacturers to recycle or remanufacture a percentage of the new products they introduce into the market, and an allowance- based policy, which requires electronic manufacturers to recycle or remanufacture all the new products they introduce into the market except a limited quantity of products that can end up in landfills untreated. This limited quantity is determined by the number of allowances manufacturers gain in an auction
Schellenberger, Thomas. "Le droit public des utilisations du sous-sol : réflexions sur le régime juridique des stockages géologiques de déchets." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1005.
Full textIndustrial waste of all kinds are burried in the underground for an indefinite period of time. With this displacement, both in space and time, the rules of law face the challenge of two specific, and more or less distant, worlds: the subsoil and the long term. Legal frameworks for underground storage strengthen the technique of underground storage in its role as an outlet for industrial activities which are carried out on the surface. Underground storage shifts the environmental load of waste. On the one hand, the legal frameworks for subsoil use is favourable to industrial exploitation and therefore to the use of the underground as a storage place for waste. When it comes to the decision-making process for public action in relation with the subsoil, arbitration must be made between the competing interests at stake, both in democratic and technical terms. Besides, the rights to exploit the underground ressources can hamper environmental protection measures. On the other hand, underground storage compels the rules of law to look to the future. The legal tools to anticipate the years ahead are placed under severe strain. The challenge lies in how to share the burden of waste over time between the public and the private spheres. In the same way, the landfill burial of hazardous waste on a transgenerational scale questions the content and scope of legal responsability towards future generations
Rakotoarisoa, Zolalaina. "Prédiction du comportement environnemental des résidus de procédés thermiques (RPT) utilisés comme matériaux de travaux publics." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0060/these.pdf.
Full textThis study aims, on the one hand, to the installation of methodological tools (tests, prediction models) for the evaluation of the environmental behaviour of porous wastes/materials in percolant scenarios, and with the evaluation of the environmental behaviour of two coal fly-ashes in fill scenario, on the other hand. A methodology of evaluation of long-term leaching behaviour, in percolant scenario is proposed. It is carried out through a physico-chemical characterisation of waste (cheimical and mineralogical composition, the study of the dissolution kinetics, the influence of pH on species solubilisation, the effect of ratio L/S) and with the identification of the various pollutants transfer mechanisms using leaching tests to know hydrology on the ground pilot (column percolation tests in laboratory, tracing tests to know hydrology on the ground). The forecast of the behaviour in scenario is based on mineralogical models (geochemical), matter transfer models on the scale of the laboratory and the ground, and a powerful coupling geochemistry-transport. The validation of the assumptions material evolution and the models was carried out through the study of compacted ashes lysimeters
Rheault, Karelle. "Influence du génotype du peuplier sur les communautés microbiennes de sa rhizosphère dans un contexte de restauration des sites miniers." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/39751.
Full textTitre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 9 juillet 2020)
Documents en annexe en format Excel : Supp08_Pairwise_comparison_taxa_Greenhouse.xlsx; Supp03_Correlation_chimie_vs_taxa_Field.xlsx; Supp10_Correlation_taxa_vs_growth_Greenhouse.xlsx; Supp07_Pairwise_comparison_functions_Greenhouse.xlsx; Supp11_Pairwise_comparison_origin_Greenhouse.xlsx; Supp02_Pairwise_comparison_taxa_functions_Field.xlsx; Supp09_Correlation_chimie_vs_taxa_Greenhouse.xlsx
L’industrie minière au Canada contribue significativement à la prospérité et à la qualité de vie du pays. Toutefois, la législation d’autrefois n’étant pas suffisamment sévère, le Canada s’est retrouvé avec des centaines de sites miniers orphelins non restaurés. Ces sites miniers abandonnés représentent un risque environnemental majeur à cause des grandes quantités de déchets miniers exposés pouvant contaminer l’environnement par la lixiviation et l’érosion éolienne et hydrique. Plusieurs facteurs limitent la revégétalisation naturelle de ces sites, notamment des conditions abiotiques extrêmes, une faible disponibilité en éléments nutritifs et les activités anthropiques. Cette étude visait, dans un premier temps, à déterminer l’impact de la présence de peupliers baumiers sur les déchets miniers de deux sites miniers contrastés de la région de l’Abitibi-Témiscamingue. La végétation a amélioré les propriétés physicochimiques des déchets miniers et provoqué un changement important dans la composition des communautés bactériennes et fongiques, passant des communautés lithotrophes dominantes dans les environnements de déchets miniers sans végétation à des communautés hétérotrophes impliquées dans le cycle des éléments nutritifs avec végétation. Dans un deuxième temps, lors d’une expérience en serre, dix génotypes de Populus balsamiferarécoltés sur ces sites miniers et en périphérie ont été cultivés dans ces déchets miniers pendant deux saisons de croissance. Le but de cette seconde étude était de déterminer l’effet des interactions génotype-par-environnement sur les propriétés physicochimiques des substrats et des communautés microbiennes à l’aide dumétabarcodage. Bien que le type de substrat ait été identifié comme le facteur principal de la diversité et de la structure du microbiome de la rhizosphère, un effet significatif du génotype de l’arbre a également été détecté. Nos résultats mettent en évidence l’influence du génotype du peuplier baumier sur son environnement et l’importance potentielle de la sélection du génotype des arbres dans le contexte de la restauration de sites miniers
Striolo, Philippe. "Oxydation d'effluents organiques aqueux par le peroxyde d'hydrogène à haute température : procédé WPO." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0006.
Full textRouyer, Philippe. "Spéciation et élimination des métaux lourds dans les résidus de digestion anaérobie des déchets urbains." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20241.
Full textMesnil, Camille. "Convertir la méthanisation en « solution de transition énergétique » : Le cas de la relance de la méthanisation en Île-de-France 1990-2020." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PESC2001.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the deployment of anaerobic digestion in Île-de-France to shed light on whatis happening through the devices called upon to develop in the name of the "green city". This processof breaking down organic matter in the absence of air produces a gas mixture and a digestate, a kindof humus. The multifunctional character (waste management, energy production, compostproduction), the significant plasticity (in terms of technical intensity, inputs and uses) and above allthe double environmental promise (as a mode of production of renewable energy or as a circulareconomy tool) with which anaerobic digestion can be associated, make it a preferred technique foranyone interested in environmental issues in the broad sense.With the analysis of diversified framing, enrolment and incentive scenes as well as the trajectory ofthe different types of assemblage in Île-de-France, the thesis shows the primacy of the visions anddevices most compatible with energetic regime, especially those associated with large gas networks.It also shows that the articulation of the issues of waste management and energy production is notstraightforward and is the subject of tensions. Beyond these two issues, the thesis shows the pluralityof "spillovers" of the development of anaerobic digestion in environmental terms (water, soil, etc.)and socio-economic matters (associated agricultural model)
Mahdi, Ahmed Moussa. "Elimination de substances pharmaceutiques d'effluents urbains par un procédé d'oxydation avancée basé sur le radical sulfate." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4746.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of an alternative advanced oxidation process (AOP) generating sulfate radical (SO4•-) for the removal of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater effluents. Four nitrogen containing pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin) belonging to different therapeutic classes were chosen as model contaminants. The evaluation of the kinetic performance of processes based on the generation of HO• (H2O2/Fe(II) and UV-C/H2O2 ) and SO4•- (HSO5-/Co2+, UV-C/S2O82- and UV-C/HSO5- ) was conducted in biologically treated effluent. Comparison of photochemical and non- photochemical processes performed under the same optimal conditions showed that the processes generating SO4•- are less inhibited by the environmental matrix than processes producing HO•. This electron transfer reaction is demonstrated by the identification of transformation products using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometer. Oxidation of parent compounds starts by an electron transfer reaction on the nitrogen groups thereby generating a cation radical which further reacts with water or O2. The sulfamethoxazole degradation pathway gives more insights into this mechanism due to the primary amine moiety (aniline) which is converted into nitro function. This treatment system can be regarded as a new strategy for the treatment of urban wastewater contaminated by pharmaceutical residues through the generation of SO4•-
Brouillat, Eric. "Dynamique industrielle et innovation environnementale : le cas de la prévention des déchets." Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40034.
Full textWaste prevention is discussed through a review of the mergence and diffusion dunamics of "green products", i. E. Eco-designed products less polluting at the end of life. Our study is structured around two central pillars : an analysis of the innovation process at the center of technological change and a study of the interactions amongst the key players of the product life cycle. Our approach is based on a stylised framework of waste prevention focusing as multi-features technologies. Their technological dynamics wil depend on firms' innovation strategies linked to consumers and post- consumer activities in a context of regulatory pressure. On this basis, we study the dynamics of waste prevention with a micro-simulation model. The development of green products is analysed through processes involving multiple compromises and trade-off brtween the technological and the regulatory dimensions and the consumer demand. This dynamic approach provides us with insights about effectiveness of the environmental innovation strategies of firms competing in a market. It also highlights the main determinants of their technological, economic and environmental performance and the effects on the dynamics of a regulation based on the extended producer responsability principle
Berez, Amor. "Dépollution par l'argile naturelle d'effluents teinturiers : étude expérimentale et modélisation du processus d'adsorption / désorption en réacteur fermé et colonne de percolation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH007.
Full textThe aim of the work is to study the adsorption-desorption process of an azo dye on natural clay from two Tunisian deposits. The laboratory experiment was conducted in a closed reactor (batch) and percolation column. In the first step, two types of clay were used. The kinetic study shows that the adsorption and desorption follow the pattern of a pseudo first order phenomenon. A Langmuir isotherm is fitted to the adsorption process, while the desorption isotherm is characterised by hysteresis. The adsorption capacity of the Gafsa clay is more pronounced than that of the Borj Chekir clay. The percolation column studies were conducted on a mixture of of Borj Chekir clay and medium sand H2F. Hydrodynamic parameters were determined using an inert tracer (fluorescein). The reactive transport study showed that an increase in clay percentage will increase retention, but, on the other hand when using a constant percentage of the clay-sand mixture, increasing the injection rate will decrease the retention capacity of the mixture. The output curves were then compared with the numerical results of a 1D reactive transport model incorporating two reversible and irreversible adsorption sites
Abba, Souleymane Aïssata. "La protection juridique de l’environnement urbain au Niger : le cas de Niamey." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30001.
Full textFor some, related to the underdevelopment, for others, attached blissfully to long walk towards the industrialisation, the problems of environment and urbanisation are essential, from their acuity, with all the “consciences”. The degradation of the urban environment is undeniable. , when they are not non-existent, the juridicisation of the concerns of the urban environment and the political discourse show cripples. Niger, following the example of all Africa, invites to dedicate its clearness with a reflection: how to govern the urbanisation and to ensure a healthy environment and of quality ? Thus, the legal protection of the urban environment in Niger returns to the analysis of the problems of urbanisation and the concerns of environment, in view of the implementation of the right. In the town of Niamey, the attacks with the environment, well-known, offer a “show” of desolation, insidiously affecting nature and the life. They threaten pubic health, while contributing to generate the loss of quality of life. With the crossing of the socio-economic challenges, the legal regulations protection improvement of living environment are not easily applicable. The politico-institutional divergences, the conflicts of laws, the permanence of the traditional rights and gravity rising from some practical cultural are at the origin of a complexity, which reveals the limits of the legal system of protection of urban environment. Our present production aims to analyze the right and the principles which govern the developement urban and the concerns of the environment through the evolution of environmental protection urban in the town of Niamey, while locating the place of environmental protection in the public policies
Abidi, Nejib. "Interactions argiles naturelles-effluents teinturiers : influence des propriétés de surface des argiles et mécanismes d'adsorption des colorants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH005.
Full textIndustrial effluents from textile activities often have a high pollution load readily biodegradable. Previous work has shown the potential of natural untreated clays to clean up these dyers effluents although anionic dyes are not easily absorbable on these media. The effluents also contain other chemical compounds used in the different stages of the dyeing process, and which are of various natures (salts, acids, bases, detergents, enzyme derivatives, etc ...). It appears that these auxiliary products play a role in the adsorption of anionic dyes on untreated clay. However, no currently known study has examined the effect of the additives from the dyeing process on the adsorption of dye onto clay. This is the first study to focus on the dye-clay-additive system. Adsorption / desorption batch tests were conducted considering different dye additive-clay systems. The tests’ results show that the enzyme like additives enhance the adsorption of anionic dye on the clay by neutralizing the negative charges and reinforcing clay-dye links. Other additives have the opposite effect, but do not offset the positive effect of enzyme like additives when mixed in the effluent. Assumptions of interactions involved in dye adsorption were made with the help of the results of infrared and mass spectrometry, zetametry and the modeling of adsorption isotherms
Mattioda, Christophe. "Développement de méthodes d'analyses alternatives des polluants organiques persistants dans les échantillons de fumées d'incinération : application du protocole à leur suivi à l'émission des usines d'incinération et dans l'environnement." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S024.
Full textCoetsier, Clémence. "Approche intégrée de la gestion environnementale des produits pharmaceutiques dans des rejets de stations d’épuration urbaines et leur milieu récepteur : occurrence, impact et traitements tertiaires d'élimination." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20105.
Full textPharmaceutical products (PPs), widely consumed by population and discharged in the environment through wastewater treatment process (WTP), are sources of aquatic ecosystems contamination. Environmental risk assessment for these substances involves the accurate quantification of their concentrations and the evaluation of their toxicity for exposed species. Our study dealing with a dozen of representative pharmaceutical compounds was conducted in Southeast France. A LC-MS/MS detection method was developed and a sampling campaign was carried out on 7 urban WTP and the natural waters where they discharge (rivers of the Gard and pond) in order to assess PPs contamination level. Toxicity of PPs was estimated using bioluminescent and growth inhibition tests (Microtox, ToxScreen and Protoxkit). Experiments were conducted to evaluate UV photolysis and activated carbon adsorption capacities for the removal of these compounds. Measurements for samples collected highlight the occurrence of PPs in WTP effluent of Southeast region at concentrations ranging from 10 to 1000 ng. L-1 and reaching hundreds of ng. L-1 in the downstream surface waters. Comparison between the level of exposure and experimental toxicity values completed by literature data suggests that only 3 compounds (propranolol, ibuprofen and diclofénac) may induce a low risk at a local scale (rivers of Gard). Complementary treatments of the STP effluents by UV photolysis and activated carbon adsorption prove to be efficient to remove most of the 12 studied PPs and should be considered to reduce the presence and the impact of pharmaceutical products in the environment