Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déchets – Élimination – Biodégradation'
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Morais, Joácio júnior de Araujo. "Influence des pré-traitements mécaniques et biologiques des Ordures Ménagères Résiduelles (OMR) sur leur comportement bio-physico-chimique en Installation de Stockage de Déchets (ISD)." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0121/these.pdf.
The European directive 99/31/CE on the storage of solid waste fixes the requirements of integrated waste management. By mechanical-biological pretreatment (MBP) of residual municipal solid waste it is possible to reduce the quantity of waste to be landfilled and the waste biodegradable fraction. The objective of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the influence of the MBP of residual municipal solid waste on their behaviour in landfill. In this purpose, the work was based on the one hand on the study of the effectiveness of the operations of two industrial and semi-industrial processes of MBP (at SDEE-Lozère and at CREED) and, on the other hand, on the evaluation of the behavior of pretreated waste in laboratory scale test landfill simulation reactor with and without leachate recirculation. The positive influence of the MBP of the two processes is observed as well as the effect of the recirculation on all bioreactors
Segbeaya, Kwamivi Nyonuwosro. "Evaluation de l'impact des déchets ménagers de la ville de Kara (Togo) sur la qualité de la rivière Kara." Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/382a0337-37c6-4c06-8267-1744baf19e43/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4057.pdf.
The focus of this research is to identify the indicators of the impact of municipal solid waste on the river Kara. The Physical and chemical composition of the waste, bacteriological and physical and chemical quality of water and the capacity of sediment to mobilize and transfer the pollutants, are considered to define these indicators. The organic matter is particular used to predict the biodegradation of the waste and evaluate the decrease of the water quality. The capacity of sediment to transfer the heavy metal is shown by leaching performed under conditions of forced dissolution. The waste of city from Kara contains one high proportion of the fine fraction and the percentage of the putrescible fraction is characteristic of the waste of countries in development. The test of biodegradation has confirmed the freshness state of the waste collected in households and the waste coming from service activities. The monitoring spatiotemporal of the bacteriological and physical and chemical parameters of the water and sediment has permitted to identify the organic matter and metal elements as one of the best indicators of the impact of the management waste on the river Kara
Lornage, Raphaël. "Comparaison de trois filières de stockage d'ordures ménagères : étude du comportement des déchets en pilotes semi industriels et caractérisation des émissions liquides et gazeuses associées." Lyon 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/13/37/69/PDF/These_Raphael_LORNAGE_2006.pdf.
The present work is dealing with three ways of MSW treatment : conventional landfill, bioreactor landfill and mechanical and biological treatment (MBT) prior landfill. The study of pilot scale experiments allowed the follow up of biological degradation of MSW in both aerobic (MBT) and anaerobic conditions (landfill). The aerobic treatment leads to a significant reduction of methane production potential of the wastes to be landfilled. The monitoring of gaseous emissions during the treatment shows an important volatile organic compounds (VOC) release. Leachate recirculation on fresh waste generates pollutants concentration. Beneficial effect of recirculation has not been clearly shown. Qualitative and quantitative measurements of liquid and gaseous emissions authorized the calculation of emission factors as well as mass balances (mass, water, carbon and nitrogen). Greenhouse gases and odours emissions and geotechnical behaviour of landfilled waste were also integrated in the comparison. The statistical assessment of VOC emissions contributes to a better understanding of generation and emission phenomena of such compounds
Ponce, Caballero Maria del Carmen. "Dégradation microbienne des résidus de traitements phytosanitaires dans des dispositifs rustiques de type lits biologiques : les biobacs." Dijon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS001.
Christophe, Gwendoline. "Etude de Fibrobacter succinogenes en bioréacteur anaérobie en vue de la dégradation de déchets végétaux." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718166.
Euphrosine-Moy, Valérie. "Modélisation de la dégradation de la lignine par l'ozone en lit fixe, en système triphasique." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT017G.
Achour, Faouzia. "Caractérisation de la matière organique dans les ordures ménagères : recherche d'indicateurs de stabilité." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0058/these.pdf.
The concept of the sanitary storage rises progressively toward “sustainable landfill". The objective is to avoid transmitting sanitary risk from a generation to another. To meet this objective, two processed of acceleration of organic matter degradation are proposed: mechanical-biological pretreatment and leach ate recirculation. These two processes goal are to stabilize more quickly the stored waste. Nevertheless, the notion of waste stability is still not well defined. The aim of this PhD thesis is to finalize a multi criteria characterization methodology: global, chemical, biological and thermal one, in order to describe the organic matter degradation with objectivity. This methodology applied on different waste having undergone various treatments of aerobic and anaerobic stabilization has permitted to value the impact of these processes on the waste degradation. On the other hand, the data analysis on the different studied wastes has showed the most applicable tests to define the state of organic matter degradation of waste
Castillo, Rivera Luis Antonio (1970. "Etude d'effluents difficilement biodégradables : caractérisation et traitement par procédés d'oxydation avancée (POA)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11060.
Mercier, Rachel. "Traitement par des champignons filamenteux de sols contaminés par des composés organiques persistants : application aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11082.
Mostefaoui, Nabil. "Intégration des procédés électrochimiques dans une filière de traitement des lixiviatis de décharge pour l'élimination de la charge organique difficilement biodégradable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2024. https://these.univ-paris-est.fr/intranet/2024/TH2024PESC2004.pdf.
This thesis focuses on utilizing electrochemical processes for the treatment of actual landfill leachate from the municipal landfill site of Algiers. The challenge lies in the high concentration of poorly biodegradable organic compounds. Three electrochemical processes—namely, anodic oxidation (AO), electro-Fenton (EF), and electro-coagulation (EC)—were examined. The primary objectives were to assess the strengths and weaknesses of each process, understand the underlying mechanisms, and determine their optimal placement within a comprehensive treatment scheme, considering potential integration with biological treatment. The study was part of a collaborative project funded by PHC Tassili (Algeria/France).In laboratory-scale batch reactors, AO and EF processes were analyzed, comparing different anode and cathode materials to identify the most effective configuration for removing organic compounds from raw landfill leachates. AO with a boron-doped diamond anode (BDD) proved most suitable, achieving 81% removal of total organic carbon after 6 hours at 500 mA. However, drawbacks included high energy consumption (116 kWh m-3), partial nitrogen removal, and the formation of undesirable chemical species from chloride oxidation.The integration of AO into a comprehensive treatment scheme was explored to capitalize on its non-selective removal of organic compounds while addressing identified drawbacks. Combining AO with EC and biological treatment aimed to reduce current density and treatment time during the AO process. EC showed potential for a 40% partial removal of the organic load with low energy consumption (2.8 kWh m-3). However, sludge management posed challenges. Applying AO at 200 mA for 4 hours increased mineralization efficiency to 65%, and this treatment step enhanced the biodegradability of the residual organic load. Combining AO with the membrane bioreactor at the Algiers landfill site showed promise, reducing the formation of ClO3- and ClO4- ions significantly.Using AO as a pre-treatment before the membrane bioreactor emerged as a more promising strategy, optimizing energy consumption and minimizing the formation of ClO3- and ClO4- ions compared to post-treatment. The membrane bioreactor efficiently removed nitrogen load. Overall, a treatment train incorporating EC and AO as pre-treatment before the membrane bioreactor appears promising for reducing the residual organic load, potentially decreasing concentrates generated by subsequent membrane-based treatment steps
Lesage, Geoffroy. "Etude de l’élimination de substances aromatiques dangereuses dans un procédé couplant adsorption et biodégradation." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000340/.
One of the main challenges currently facing environmental conservation is to reduce the discharge of organic micropollutants from industrial liquid outflows. Biological aerobic treatment is the most commonly used treatment, but conventional systems were not conceived with the idea of eliminating micropollutants, these molecules not necessarily being biodegraded. Among the selected substances, the least volatile molecules are also the most hydrophobic (PAHs) and tend to be absorbed mostly on suspended solids or sludge. Conversely, the less hydrophobic but highly volatile molecules, such as BTEX, have a strong tendency to be transferred into the atmosphere during the aeration phase. In the project ANR HYBIOX « hybrid biological practices for improving the breakdown of xenobiotics », hybrid bioreactors based on the addition of mobile and absorbent surfaces in the activated sludge processes are evaluated, so as to better pinpoint these pollutants and to allow flocs and biofilms to co-exist within the same reactor. The coupling of physicochemical and biological phenomena was studied in an SBR. Modelling these phenomena allows us to test hypotheses, predict the optimal operating conditions for stopping a process, and helps with the interpretation of the results. We drew on a model of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces, developed under Matlab®, and on a model integrating the coupling of phenomena, developed under Aquasim®. The simulations carried out correspond with the experimental results and allow us to conclude that the abiotic elimination mechanisms play a very important role in the “purification results” of the biological aerobic treatment process. Over the course of the treatment, the transfer of BTEX from the liquid phase to the gas compartment was significant (>99% in two hours) and the quantities of PAHs detected in the solid fraction were considerable. The hybrid reactor presents a number of advantages over a classic biological process. On the one hand, the addition of activated carbon grains in the activated sludge process allows us to pinpoint the targeted pollutants and increase their residence time within the process. On the other hand, to reduce their concentration to a non-inhibitory level (if this is the case), and finally to allow the absorption of variations in charge which are common in industrial outflow. For more volatile and less hydrophobic molecules (ex : BTEX), the addition of absorbent particles and the analysis of operational modes which minimize the transfer in the gas phase are the predominant points. We will therefore have to evaluate with which dynamic the adsorbent can bioregenerate in the system
Stoltz, Guillaume. "Transferts en milieu poreux biodégradable, non saturé déformable et à double porosité : application aux ISDND." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10032.
This thesis, supported by The French Environmental Agency and VEOLIA, is related to the study of the hydro-mechanical behaviour of waste, stored in a landfill. The settlement of the different layers of a landfill, due to the compression stress, induced by the upper column of waste, conducts a decrease of the intrinsic permeability of the medium. The gas and hydraulic permeability depend on the intrinsic permeability but also on the saturation degree. Three cells were designed in LTHE in order to assess the evolution of the transfer's properties of a compacted waste. Results are in good agreement with a dual porosity model. The target was in addition to consider the settlement linked to the biodegradation phenomena: four compression cells, called CICLADE have been developed. Experiences are still in progress
Stoltz, Guillaume. "Transferts en milieu poreux biodégradable, non saturé déformable et à double porosité : application aux ISDND." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00372543.
Akpa-Vinceslas, Marthe. "Activité cellulolytique liée au tube digestif d'Eisenia fetida andrei. Impact sur la dynamique de la matière organique de déchets lignocellulosiques." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES030.
Pillaud, Jean-Louis. "Application de l'oxydation anodique au traitement de certains effluents industriels." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376089134.
Li, Zhi. "Devenir des résidus de médicaments dans les sols, biodégradation-sorption : discussion dans un contexte de réutilisation des eaux usées." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13523/document.
Wastewater irrigation represents great interest in arid and semi-arid regions where water demand is important. However, wastewater irrigation results in, for example, soil contamination by emerging organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals. Transport and transformation mechanisms of these substances are still poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to study the processes of biodegradation and sorption of pharmaceutical products in laboratory experiments, with a special reflection in the context of wastewater irrigation. Firstly, we exploited the chiral signature of the antidepressant venlafaxine (VEN) and its major human metabolite O-desmethyl venlafaxine (ODV) in order to discriminate the biological processes from other processes. Laboratory experiment showed a correlation between the biodegradation rate and the change in enantiomer fraction. The VEN was then monitored at the outlet of a WWTP and in the river receiving the discharge. A change in enantiomer fraction showed the interest for a better development of this application to investigate in situ biodegradation. Secondly, the sorption of cationic molecules VEN and ODV, as well as the neutral molecules antiepileptic carbamazepine and its human metabolite trans-10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy carbamazepine, was studied in batch and soil column leaching experiments. The pH and ionic strength conditions in batch experiment influenced the sorption of VEN and ODV, while there was little impact for neutral compounds. The cationic exchange should play an important role in the sorption process of cationic molecules. Leaching study showed that neutral compounds are much more mobile than cationic compounds; therefore they may contaminate groundwater in the case of wastewater irrigation
Blanchart, Pascale. "Influences de l'oxydation et de la biodégradation anaérobie sur la matière organique de l'argile oligocène de Boom (Mol, Belgique) : Conséquences sur la formation d'espèces organiques hydrosolubles." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL108N/document.
The Boom Clay was focused because it is identified by SCK-CEN as a possible radioactive waste storage in the geological disposal site and in situ experiments are performed in the underground laboratory of Mol (Belgium). In this context, it is important to assess the consequences of galleries excavation on the properties of the Boom Clay. The particular focus of this study is the effects of air oxidation and anaerobic biodegradation on the OM. The experiments dealing with the effects of air oxidation have combined studies of artificial oxidized samples (artificial series) and samples altered in the gallery of the underground laboratory (natural series). These experiments focus on the Kerogen, the EOM and the DOM. The comparison of data from artificial and natural series shows firstly that our experimental simulations are the representative of processes taking place in the galleries. These studies show that air oxidation induced (i) a significant increase in the amount of DOM and (ii) a major change in the chemistry of the EOM and DOM characterized by the formation of low molecular weight oxygenated molecules. Moreover, comparison between water extracted from altered samples and piezometers shows that the water of the site is not affected by oxidation processes. The piezometer water samples are similar to that extracted from non-altered samples. Biodegradation experiments conducted on non altered and artificially oxidized clay did not show significant changes of fossil and dissolved organic matter. It seems that anaerobic biodegradation is not a major process in the context of disturbances induced by the excavation
Yang, Changzhu. "Développement de nouvelles formulations de fluides de coupe peu polluantes : Mise au point de techniques de traitement adaptées." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0005.
Chakchouk, Mehrez. "Oxydation de la pollution organique aqueuse par l'oxygène moléculaire à haute température : effet promoteur de H2O2." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0018.
Parra, Guardado Ana Luisa. "Dégradation enzymatique de micropolluants récalcitrants d'origine pharmaceutique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG013/document.
This work is focused on the study of the enzymatic depletion of recalcitrant pharmaceutical micropollutants in water. The potential degradation of three antibiotics (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole) and one anti-epileptic (carbamazepine) was studied with three laccases: Pycnoporus sanguineus CS43, Trametes versicolor (Tv) and Myceliophtora thermophila. Free laccase systems were evaluated for pharmaceuticals depletion on model solutions in the presence or absence of redox mediators and the impact of several parameters on the performance of laccases for degradation were studied. The enzymes were then immobilized on different solid supports: commercial silica, laboratory synthetized nano-silica and clay based composite nanomaterials and used for degradation tests. A novel methodology for the covalent binding of laccases onto carriers was developed by using glutaraldehyde in vapour phase and the best immobilization conditions were determined through a 23 full factorial design. The immobilized Tv shown the highest activity and was tested in presence of redox mediators. Moreover, the reusability was evaluated in several degradation cycles and the toxicity of the solutions after treatment was assessed with the Microtox® test. In comparison to laccase immobilized on commercial silica, the Tv supported on laboratory synthetized materials showed higher activity and a better performance for the removal of target compounds
Chaineau, Claude-Henri. "Devenir et effets des hydocarbures dans le cas de l'épandage extensif de déblais de forage en agrosystème." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL150N.
Kham, Long. "Péroxyacides organiques et péroxydes dans la délignification et la décoloration de fibres cellulosiques." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30101.
Kerber, Schütz Marta. "Le rôle des bactéries hydrogénotrophes et ferri-réductrices sur le processus de corrosion en contexte de stockage géologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4332/document.
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the role of hydrogenotrophic and IRB activities on anoxic corrosion process by using geochemical indicators. It is assumed that the redox couple H2/Fe(III) is an important driver for bacterial activities potentially affecting the corrosion rate by destabilization of passive layers (i.e. magnetite, Fe3O4). Our results indicate that synthetized Fe3O4 is destabilized in the presence of hydrogenotrophic IRB due to structural Fe(III) reduction coupled to H2 oxidation. The extent of Fe(III) bioreduction is notably enhanced with the increase in the H2 concentration in the system: 4% H2 < 10% H2 < 60% H2. Moreover, the results indicate that corrosion extent changes according to the solution composition and the surface of metallic sample (iron powder and carbon steel coupon). The solid corrosion products are different for each sample: vivianite, siderite and chukanovite are the main mineral phases identified in the experiments with iron powder, while vivianite and magnetite are identified with carbon steel coupons. Our results demonstrate that corrosion rate is increased almost two-fold in the presence of bacteria after 5 months of reaction. This study gives new insights regarding the understanding of biocorrosion phenomena, identification of physicochemical mechanisms, and determination of key parameters controlling the corrosion rate