Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déchets électriques et électroniques'
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Chevallier, Céline. "Valorisation des polymères styréniques issus des déchets d'équipements électroniques et électriques." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969321.
Chevallier, Céline. "Valorisation des polymères styréniques issus des déchets d’équipements électroniques et électriques." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STET4015/document.
The aim of this work consists in the recycling of the styrenic polymers coming from waste of electric and electronic equipments. Polystyrene (PS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS), its alloy with the polycarbonate (ABS/PC) and poly(styrene-acrylonitrile) (SAN) are considered. A preliminary study permits to choose two blends to study: PS/ABS and PS/PC. In the case of PS/ABS blend, the ionic way of compatibilization was studied. The addition of a copolymer containing an ionic structure and the creation of an ionic network in-situ are investigated. Both these attempts are not conclusive about the improvement of the final properties of the blend. The PS/PC blend is then compatibilized by adding a polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-butylene)-block-polystyrene grafted polycarbonate. This copolymer is first created in an internal mixer, in order to study different catalysts able to initiate the grafting, and then the reactive extrusion is used to synthesize it on a large scale. Several amounts are introduced in the PS/PC blend and the improvement of the properties and microstructures proves its compatibilizing effect
El, Bouchtioui Lamia. "Le cadre réglementaire des déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques : de la conception à la fin de vie des équipements électriques et électroniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BORD0491.
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (W.E.E.E.) is a challenge for society as a whole, as their management has quickly become an issue that is at once economic, political, social, environmental and health. Thus, they represent a burden that developed countries seek to get rid of at a lower cost. International traffic has emerged around their export to developing or emerging countries mainly marked by legal weaknesses in environmental matters. Several international and regional texts limit the transboundary movement of waste in order to prevent economically efficient methods of sending hazardous waste. Within the European Union, a specific regulation aims to frame the theme of W.E.E.E. It advocates sustainable management of W.E.E.E. to protect and improve the quality of the environment. It aims to contribute to sustainable production and consumption, as a priority, through the prevention of W.E.E.E. and, in addition, through the reuse and recycling of materials in order to reduce the amount of waste to be disposed of. Recent changes in European law highlight the desire for a transition to a circular economy. Nevertheless, there are still some difficulties in achieving the objectives set. This work aims to address the way in which the law in force today incorporates a global approach to the subject taking into account the entire life cycle of the W.E.E.E. reconciling environmental and economic objectives. This study highlights the advances but also the persistent difficulties that society must confront
Aldoori, Hussam. "Valorisation des déchets plastiques d'équipements électriques et électroniques contenant des retardateurs de flamme bromés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR053.
The use of brominated flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), is currently restricted by the European RoHS directive because of their toxicity, bioaccumulation and persistence in the environment. However, these toxic molecules are still found in large quantities in end-of-life plastics, particularly in the residues of obsolete electrical and electronic equipment.Consequently, these plastic wastes loaded with brominated flame retardants cannot be recycled without a prior treatment ensuring the elimination of these additives. Moreover, these additives can migrate in the environment surrounding the waste storage sites and degrade by exposure to solar radiation to generate more harmful substances such as polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDF).The aim of this thesis, which is part of the Interreg VALBREE project, is to study the feasibility of a decontamination process of plastic waste by irradiation with UV-visible radiation, a technique that has proven promising for the abatement of brominated molecules incorporated in the plastic material, in order to allow the revalorization of the latter by mechanical recycling. The efficiency of the radiative treatment in the photodegradation of brominated flame retardants in model polymer/RFB mixtures has been confirmed by different spectroscopic and chromatographic analysis techniques. Thus, the evaluation of the state of the plastic material after irradiation allowed to optimize the treatment conditions in order to avoid the deterioration of the properties of the decontaminated plastics
Ausset, Sandrine. "Procédé de recyclage de mélanges ABS-PC issus de déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE)." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14760/document.
The aim of this PhD work was to propose a recycling process method of PC-ABS blend from real Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment deposit (WEEE) deposits. This recycling process has to be able to overcome the problematic related to polymer recycling.The main constraints about recycling process are the presence of polymeric impurities after sorting step as well as mechanical reprocessing (extrusion and injection molded). Firstly, the effect of impurities on the mechanical properties (tensile and impact strength) and morphology (SEM, TEM) of PC-ABS blends have been studied. The presence of immiscible impurity deteriorates the mechanical properties of PC-ABS. The addition of an appropriate compatibilizer enhances the interface between PC-ABS and the impurity. The compatibilizer improves the impact strength and changes the morphology of this blend. Secondly, the optimization of injection molding parameters generates a change in morphology. This change leads to an increase of the impact strength.Both methods were applied to a flame retardant PC-ABS from WEEE with an impurity. The addition of a compatibilizer and the modification of injection molding parameters improve the impact strength. The presences of an impurity and a compatibilizer have a negative effect on the flame retardant properties of the PC-ABS blend
Ausset, Sandrine. "Procédé de recyclage de mélanges ABS-PC issus de déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943822.
Durrant, Emmanuelle. "La législation sur les équipements électriques et électroniques : un scénario d'optimisation de la gestion des déchets en Europe ?" Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT4020.
The management of household wastes by local authorities is no longer the only option. Producers can stand in for local authorities as provided for by the principle of extended producer responsibility. In the case of waste electrical and electronic equipment, the Community legislation carnes - even though the responsibility can be shared - a responsibility to the producers of electrical and electronic equipment for the products they put on the market. Producers are responsible for managing used equipment and the legislation urges them to create electrical and electronic equipment that take into account their end of life and, in a broader sense, their life-cycle. Waste managing gets more complex as the waste becomes a source of resources that contributes to its rehabilitation. Although the Community legislation about electrical and electronic equipment may appear favourable in regards to an optimised waste management, a generalisation of its method for all the wastes cannot be realistically achieved. We must take into account that the principle of extended producer responsibility on which the system of electrical and electronic equipment waste management is based is merely an economical instrument available for the public authorities
Fossi, Tabieguia Guy-Joël. "Recyclage, réemploi, réutilisation et régénération des cristaux liquides et d’oxyde indium-étain (ITO) issus des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE)." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10179.
The volumes of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) such as TVs and monitors display (LCD), keep grow in recent years. These WEEE contain recyclable raw material of great interest, including LCD and indium tin oxide (ITO). Meanwhile, there is currently no treatment for industrial recovery of this liquid crystals and ITO of LCD screens at the end of life for the purpose of recovery. Given the technological and economic benefits of these materials, we have implemented in the MEDUSA project funded by ADEME and controlled by the company ENVIE 2E, a process of treating LCDs. This process consists to extract of LCD panels, liquid crystals by mechanical extraction and ITO by chemical extraction. The advantage of this method lies in the rapid recovery of liquid crystal ITO whatever the size of the screen. In a second step, the phases of distillation and purification perfectly mastered possible to obtain liquid crystal molecules. The good quality of the products is checked by different physico-chemical analyzes. Some recovery methods were used such as lettings of ITO solution, the liquid crystal molecules, liquid crystals as additives for thermochromic inks, and liquid crystals as PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals) for windows switchable. Finally, estimates of the costs of operating the process compared to the potential selling price of recovered liquid crystal reveal a good project profitability
Mbodji, Mor. "Etude des impacts environnementaux et sanitaires des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE) au Sénégal : cas de la ville de Dakar." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE1290.
Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is particularly problematic around the world. The aim of this thesis was to assess the potentially harmful effects of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) on the dispersion of metals in the environment and their fate to human health in Dakar, Senegal. Studies first focused on the determination of metals in the soils of four WEEE recycling sites in Dakar (Mbeubeuss, Mermoz Pikine and Reubeuss) by LIBS and portable X-ray fluorescence techniques. The results of this work showed that all the sites studied were contaminated by elements such as Pb, Cr, Fe, Mn and Zn in comparison with a control site. The distribution of metals is highly dependent on the site and therefore on the recycling activity. The potential contamination of the population through the food chain was assessed by analyzing vegetables produced near the largest WEEE waste dump (Mbeubeuss). Speciation by sequential extraction of the elements Sb, Pb, Sr, Cr, Cu Mn and Zn in market garden soils showed that the elements were mainly present in the residual fraction. This approach has shown that the metals are not mobile and not very bioavailable to plants. The contamination of metallic elements in two batches of vegetables produced from two distinct market gardening areas near Mbeubeuss and the evaluation of the potential health risk associated with the consumption of these products were studied. The results obtained from the first batch showed the contents of Cu, Cr, Mn, Zn and Fe led to risk indices. For the 2nd batch of vegetables (closer to Mbeubeuss) the concentrations of Cr, Zn and Pb are higher with a risk linked to the presence of Cr. The results of this work led to the conclusion that there is a potential health hazard for consumers of vegetables linked to the Cr element, only if it is present as CrVI
Gripon, Layla. "Contribution au recyclage et à la valorisation des matières plastiques issues des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques contenant des retardateurs de flamme bromés." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MTLD0014.
Brominated flame retardants (BFR) are added to polymers to enhance their flammability resistance. But some of them are nowadays considered as persistent organic pollutants (POP). To avoid their propagation into recycling streams, plastic materials which bromine concentration is too high (> 2000 ppm) are generally incinerated to destroy the pollutants they contain. The objective of this work is to find a solution to recycle BFR containing plastics materials while respecting the regulations. The study is focused on an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) batch coming from real waste electrical and electronic equipment which contains a POP concentration about four times higher than the regulation limit authorizing recycling. Physico-chemical methods were studied to extract BFR. Solid-liquid extractions with stirring and diethyl ether as well as the dissolution-precipitation method lowered the POP concentration under the regulatory limit. A detailed study on supercritical CO2 extraction was performed and showed its efficiency to remove BFR, but optimizations are still needed. The recycling environmental impacts were also evaluated considering the pre-treatment processes studied previously. The energy and solvent consumptions need to be optimized in order to make the recycling process more viable compared to incineration. The treated plastic material showed that it can be easily recycled. Nevertheless, its impact strength could be improved during a formulation step. Finally, a practical application of this material in a bilayer structure was proposed to enhance its mechanical and esthetic properties. Good adhesions were obtained with virgin ABS and ABS/PC materials guaranteeing satisfactory properties to the bilayer structure
Dhib, Soumaya. "Contribution à l'optimisation de la Configuration et à l'évaluation de performances des réseaux logistiques inverses : cas des déchets des équipements électriques et électroniques." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080033/document.
Regulatory tightening on environmental management and environmental responsibility increasingly forces industrialists to respect the environment in their deployment and development. At a time when we are talking about the shortening of the life span of consumer products and durable goods, these manufacturers now have the task of putting in place processes for the valorization of their end-of-life products and derivatives of their products productions. This has been the case in particular for computer and electronic equipment which seeks to design logistic networks that meet the management needs of the flows of their returns such as WEEE1. Indeed, they are subject to strong demands (mastery of destinations for valorisation of end-of-life products, reduction of processing costs, reduction of the impact of associated logistical activities on the environment, etc.). This work deals with the design of logistic networks of returns flows which are naturally subject to economic constraints but also to environmental ones. Some of factors of the problem such as: return status, fluctuations in the demand for valued products, etc. are taken into account in the search for the configuration of the logistics network that best meets the needs
Villemejeanne, Benoît. "Étude des milieux liquides ioniques et solvants eutectiques profonds pour une valorisation des métaux critiques à partir des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0010.
The growing increase of waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE) on Earth, associated with their high metal contents are driving academic or industrial international researchers to develop their recycling and in particular the recovery of the metal fraction they contain. The treatment of these complex materials (polymetallic, composites, etc.) is based on several successive stages including pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical processes that do not follow Green Chemistry principles (waste generation, worker safety). Indeed, concentrated acidic solutions or toxic reagents such as cyanides are necessary to recover pure noble metals such as gold (Au) or palladium (Pd). This PhD work aims to break with the conventional chemistry practiced for over a century in the field of extractive metallurgy with the using of new kind of solvents: ionic liquids (IL) and deep eutectic solvents (DES). The combination of these solvents with electrochemical techniques allows implementing an ElectroLixiviation-ElectroChemical Deposition process (EL-ECD) with waste dissolution at the anode and the simultaneous recovery of the target metal at the cathode without any solvent degradation. A screening was carried out to understand the impact of the nature of ionic solvents on precious metal oxidation properties and mass transport properties (viscosity, ionic conductivity). Among many electrolytes, Ethaline (ChCl:EG 1:2) and imidazolium-based ionic liquid mixtures C4C1Im (NTf2)1-xClx, present interesting properties for the aimed application. A proof of concept and an optimization of this process for Au and Pd recovery in a monometallic medium in ChCl:EG mixtures was carried out. Faradic yield and recovery rate reached are suitable for an application in small WEEE treatment units
Maris, Joachim. "Compatibilisation de matières plastiques en mélange issues de déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques en vue de leur valorisation par recyclage mécanique." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1004.
The recycling of the plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has attracted great attention recently for environmental reasons. Mechanical recycling has emerged as the most economical, as well as the most energetic and ecologically efficient option. The aim of this work is the mechanical recycling of WEEE mixed plastic waste (MPW) streams. First, MPW composition has been evaluated by FT-IR and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies, and ATG and DSC analyses. MPW are complex blend composed of thermoplastics, mainly styrenic polymers (ABS, HIPS, PS) and polyolefins. The remaining were other thermoplastics as PVC, PE, PMMA, PC…. After processing, these mixtures show very low mechanical properties compared to commodity and engineering thermoplastics. These results demonstrated that compatibilization is necessary to transform these D3E into secondary raw materials (SRM). In situ compatibilization using radical reactions appeared to be an attractive solution. Two pathways have been studied to generate the radicals, firstly, by electron beam radiation and, secondly, by adding chemical initiators. These two approaches didn’t show any substantial improvement in mechanical properties. Following these results, compatibilization by addition of reactive and non-reactive commercial copolymers were undertaken, leading to a significant improvement in mechanical properties. The production of technical prototypes and 3D printing wires from compatibilized SRM has been validated and allows considering an industrial development
Bahers, Jean-Baptiste. "Dynamiques des filières de récupération-recyclage et écologie territoriale : l'exemple de la filière de traitement des déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE) en Midi-Pyrénées." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711199.
Gonda, Louise. "Analyse environnementale de la gestion de fin de vie des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques par les entreprises d’économie sociale en Belgique francophone." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/261164.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mérot, Anne-Sophie. "Gouvernance et développement durable : le cas de la responsabilité élargie du producteur dans la filière de gestion des déchets des équipements électriques et électroniques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENG006/document.
This doctoral research focuses on the study of the governance of the electrical and electronic equipment waste (WEEE) stream, a sector governed by the principle of extended producer responsibility (EPR). EPR is an environmental management strategy in place to deal with environmental, health and economic issues created by the growing production of WEEE. We envisage EPR as a strategy for change towards a system that is more consistent with the principles of sustainable development. This transition is notably possible if the WEEE management regime is considered as a resource regime. As a system of rules and socially constructed set of norms, the EPR is also an institution. As such, it has similarities with the institutions of common resources management, including the importance of governance. In our case study, governance has two levels that embody the temporal character of sustainable development: an operational level, involved in daily management, and strategic level dedicated to a more long term vision
Hubau, Agathe. "Conception d'un procédé de biolixiviation pour la valorisation des métaux contenus dans les déchets de cartes électroniques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEC001.
Spent Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are today raising attention because they contain almost 35% of metals including precious and strategic metals even at greater concentration than in primary resources (for instance, gold and copper are 25 to 250 times and 20 to 40 times more concentrated in spent PCBs than in ores, respectively). Consequently, spent PCBs are becoming a valuable resource, while the lack of an appropriate treatment could be a cause of environmental pollution. Today, high-grade PCBs are treated by pyrometallurgy to recover precious metals but many strategic metals are lost in the slag during this operation and the energy-cost of such processes is more and more disadvantageous. Therefore, the design of energy-efficient and cost-effective new processes capable to perform efficient metal recovery from PCBs is particularly important. Emerging techniques based on mechanical processes and hydrometallurgy appear as alternative solutions. In particular, biohydrometallurgy could be very promising. In the literature, few studies deal with the use of bioleaching for the treatment of spent PCBs by means of acidophilic microorganisms, which are mainly ferro and sulfo-oxidant. It allows the recovery of different metals such as Cu, Ni, Zn, etc. In the present study, a double-stage continuous bioreactor was designed to bioleach comminuted spent printed circuit boards (PCB) of low and medium grade. This work is performed at IRCP (Chimie ParisTech) and at the BRGM, in partnership with GeoRessources and is funded by the Chair ParisTech Urban Mines, supported by Eco-systemes
Horta, Arduin Rachel. "De la gestion des déchets à l'approvisionnement de matières secondaires : développement d'indicateurs pour la gestion des DEEE - focus sur la filière française." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0064.
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is among the key urban mining stream due to its composition and rising volume. Currently, in the European Union, WEEE chain performance is mainly assessed by technical indicators that aim to ensure system compliance with collection and recovery targets set by the WEEE Directive. The WEEE Directive and French regulation target higher collection and treatment rates in the coming years. Therefore, to ensure an increase in quantity and quality of e-waste collected, reused and recycled, it is necessary to improve our knowledge and control of the WEEE flows. The goal of this thesis is to establish a robust set of indicators covering multidimensional aspects related to the collection and treatment of WEEE. These indicators intend to improve the visibility on the progress of the WEEE official schemes in a circular economy. Different technical, environmental, economic and criticality priorities related to the recovery of raw materials from e-waste are assessed. The indicators are presented and validated with a case study focused on waste screens, considering data and particularities of the e-waste chain in France. The multidimensional approach presented in this study can support future policies and best practices in WEEE management in order to improve e-waste tracking and the recovery of (critical) raw materials. In so doing, more targeted WEEE management activities have the potential to extend the scope from waste and hazardous substances management to enhancing the supply of quality secondary raw materials
Naczaj, Dimitri. "Aspects graphiques de la persuasion technologique : étude des messages persuasifs sur internet pour le recyclage des déchets électroniques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0619/document.
This thesis includes three experiments and two pre-tests (N = 1135) in which three fundamental aspects of static message design on the Internet are studied: its format (infographics, audio or text), its colour and typography, on the theme of electronic waste recycling (studies 1 and 2) and then on human migration (study 3).The study of graphic aspects is relevant if we want to increase the persuasive power of a message. The format plays a major role (study 1a), making it possible to change attitudes and to anchor this change over time. Colours, on the other hand, do not seem to vary the persuasive force of the message or to lead readers to act in favour of recycling (study 1b). Nor does typography seem to play a role in the persuasive dynamic, whether it is considered legible or difficult to read (study 2). Theoretical approaches regarding the personality of typographies and their coherence with the context are developed.The analysis of the components of the ELM revealed, in each study, the strong link between the attitude of individuals and their sense of personal responsibility towards the theme addressed as well as their a priori knowledge. We have also seen that the levers of persuasion are not systematically the same according to the need for cognition.We suggest that persuasive messages should adopt a format that allows for central analysis at low cognitive cost, using a main colour and typography that are both readable and consistent with the theme developed, with arguments that reinforce readers' sense of responsibility
Charpentier, Nicolas. "Recyclage de déchets électroniques : tri et réutilisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF003.
This thesis presents the development of an innovative approach to the sorting and characterisation of electronic components in the context of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) recycling. By integrating advanced machine vision, multi-energy X-ray absorption spectroscopy and machine learning techniques, this study proposes a comprehensive and accurate sorting process. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of optical sorting based on machine vision coupled with sorting algorithms such as convolutional neural networks (CNN). This combination allows similar electronic components to be efficiently grouped together, making them easier to recycle. In addition to optical sorting, X-ray absorption spectroscopy is being introduced to overcome the limitations of optical sorting by providing crucial information on the elemental composition of electronic components.The integration of all these sorting methods into a single process, supported by the construction of a prototype, demonstrates the relevance of this approach. The overall process offers the opportunity not only to group similar electronic components efficiently, but also to significantly enrich the final streams with targeted elements, enabling the recovery of previously lost elements due to their low concentration in WEEE. This study opens the door to large-scale industrial application of the process, making it economically viable to recycle many elements of interest. And more importantly this approach that is compatible with today's challenges in WEEE recycling
Dufour, Suzie. "MICROSONDES OPTIQUES ET ÉLECTRIQUES EN NEUROSCIENCES." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29302/29302.pdf.
Neurophotonic, a science that uses light properties to probe the nervous system, relies on many technological advances. The development of optical detection methods, the discovery of fluorescent proteins, the development of fluorescent molecular probes and the advancement in the field of genetic modification provided neuroscientists specific tools to study the brain and the different cell populations that it includes. While these techniques are fully accessible in vitro, in vivo detection tools remain limited. Indeed, microscopy is limited to superficial layers of the nervous system or is relatively invasive (endoscopic systems). The objective of this thesis is to provide tools for in vivo fluorescence optical detection or light delivery that overcomes the limitations of commonly used techniques to measure fluorescence arising from neurons or glial cells or control (via optogenetic tools) cellular activity with optical stimuli in vivo. This thesis first review the optical detection techniques and list theoretical aspects related to optical microprobes. Subsequently, different developed types of microprobes are presented. One type that was developed combines a tapered optical fiber and an ion-sensitive microelectrode to record changes in intracellular K+ concentration, which plays an important role in maintaining cellular membrane potential and the neuronal excitability level. These probes allowed us to record for the first time intracellular K+ fluctuations during epileptic seizures in anesthetised cat. The second type of probe used in our work was fabricated from a dual core fiber integrating an optical core and a hollow core used as an electrode. Using the latter probe, we measured simultaneously intracellular Ca2+ fluctuations and extracellular neuronal activity and demonstrated their single-cell resolution capabilities. Our work also involved enhancing the microprobe multifunctional capabilities and the range of experiments that it can be adapted to. We demonstrated that optical microprobes could be used with a multispectral optical detection system and adapted to include thin metallic layers as secondary electrodes to record local field potentials. It was also shown that they could be used with optogenetics tools to control the level of neuronal activity. Finally, photo-induced currents generated with the probes were used to develop an innovative method to resolve intrinsic membrane properties of neurons from the extracellular medium.
Busseret, Christophe. "Etudes optiques et électriques des propriétés électroniques de nano-cristaux de silicium pour composants mono-électroniques." Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0068/these.pdf.
The Moore's law which has described micro-electronics for more than 30 years is still planned for the next decade. The technologists will be able to carry out structures of ten nanometers and even below. However, the macroscopic properties actually used will not be applicable any more for such dimensions. To overcome the physical barriers which will result from this passage on the scale of the nanometer, it will be advisable to learn how to use the new physical laws like quantum confinement, Coulomb blockade or tunnel effect. The matter of this thesis falls under the comprehension of the new physical properties of the electronics of tomorrow: it proposes a characterization of the electronic properties of silicon nanostructures. The first chapter describes the change of silicon characteristics when dimensions reach some nanometers. We will focus how to use this new physics in original devices. The associated technological processes will be presented. In the chapter II, an optical characterization of the silicon dots is proposed. The aim is to show the effects of quantum confinement using photoluminescence and of absorption studies. Chapter II is devoted to current transport in order to understand and model the influence of silicon nodules in an oxide matrix. Lastly, chapter IV is dedicated to the description of the charging and discharging kinetics. We model the silicon dots behavior for memories applications
Kamdem, Alain. "Etude des interactions électriques conduites sur des composants et systèmes électroniques." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2008.
Over the years, industries and standards associations focused on reducing electronic device degradation due to ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD). However, ESD only represents a small part of these events. Indeed, there are few studies on Electrical OverStress (EOS) events which are responsible of an important amount of failures. The aim of this thesis is to define a clear classification among EOS events but also to study robustness and failure mechanisms in integrated circuits exposed to these events. For integrated circuits users and suppliers, electrical events are describe by the degradation and not by their root causes. This can be translated by an absence of standard presenting a test methodology or a specific characterization equipment. The test bench setup and the different waveforms used in this study are presented. Finally, these works show that to better specify devices Absolute Maximum Rating (AMR), it is necessary to deepen the knowledge of robustness threshold while understanding the failure mechanisms in ICs components
Le, Breton Jean-Christophe. "Barrière tunnel épitaxiées de MgO sur GaAs(001) : croissance, propriétés électroniques et électriques." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S086.
The background of this work is the growing development of spintronic devices combining ferromagnetic materials (spin source) and semi-conductors (spin manipulation medium). The main goal of this thesis is the study of the growth, physical-chemical properties and tunnel spin injection into the Fe/MgO/GaAs(001) system. Structure properties, chemical reactivity and band offsets have been studied by RHEED and XPS. Transport measurement (I-V, C-V) on Au/MgO/GaAs structures have been achieved to better understand the transport mechanisms through the barrier but showed the interface resistance does not fulfil Fert’s criteria for efficient spin injection. Modifications of the growth conditions and/or our structures design have therefore been proposed and tested
Lucas, Bruno. "Discrimination des effets d'implantation dans les polymères électroactifs par caractérisations électriques et électroniques." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO0218.
Collet, Joël. "Monocouches organiques fonctionnalisées : propriétés structurales et électriques : composants électroniques à l'échelle du nanomètre." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10195.
Shall, Hanen. "Modélisation 3D des émissions rayonnées et étude des couplages entre composants et interconnexions." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES009.
The large scale integration of embedded electronic equipments in the limited space of electric systems (electric vehicles) generates new constraints in terms of ectromagnetic compatibility (EMC). This thesis is performed in IRSEEM under the E-CEM Project (Electromagnetic Compatibility of Power Systems). Its main objective is the development of an accurate modeling approach for electromagnetic interferences (IEMs) prediction between distrurbing electronic components and interconnections in the near field region. The proposed methodology is divided into two main steps: 3D modeling of radiated emissions and prediction of electromagnetic coupling (EM) between radiating structures and transmission lines: wires above a ground plane and microstrip lines. The 3D radiated emission model is based on a set of equivalent sources (electric and magnetic dipoles) distributed on the surfaces of a volume surrounding the geometrical dimensions of the device under test (DST). The dipoles parameters are calculated referring to the tangential cartographies of EM radiated field components, obtained from either an EM simulation or a near field measurement. The 3D model is then used to predict the EM coupling onto transmission lines. In fact, this model is associated with analytical coupling formulations (Taylor, Agrawal and Rachidi models) to compute the induced voltages at the victim line terminals. This modeling procedure, applied to real test cases (EM coupling between a small arch above a ground plane/toroidal inductor and a wire over a ground plane), provides a much better accuracy for EMI prediction. A novel modeling approach of EM coupling onto microstrip lines has been also proposed. This latter is mainly inspired from the first approach. The main idea is based on the microstrip line equivalence model to avoid the complex computation of the successive reflections and refractions in the two inhomogeneous regions: air region and substrate region. Comparison between modeled, numerical and measured results enables us to validate the proposed model
Ratsimandresy, Andriamanantsoa. "Contribution à la modélisation et aux simulations en compatibilité électromagnétique des câbles et des circuits microélectroniques." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT041H.
Chevrié, Mathieu. "Modélisation électrothermique de composants électriques et électroniques automobiles et estimation des résistances de contact dans les connecteurs." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0079.
An automotive electrical connector contains electrical contact points subject to additional temperature rises by Joule effect caused by their contact resistances. The deterioration of a contact resistance can cause critical overheating at the contact points. This study proposes two approaches to detect abnormal changes in contact resistance. The first one, applied to an automotive electric case connector, relies on a model-based diagnosis to detect an abnormal variation in the contact resistance with respect to its nominal value. The second one, applied toan electric vehicle charging connector, consists in estimating a heat flow related to the Joule effect caused by the contact resistance. The value of the latter is then estimated using the least squares.These approaches rely on electrothermal models considered connectors and their environments.This study also presents the development of these models, including the optimization of the mesh of an electrical wire based on the minimization of the H2-norm of the error between ameshed integer order model and a reference analytical fractional order model
De, Luca Anthony. "Films minces du supraconducteur à haute température critique YBaCuO : technologies de mise en forme et caractérisations électriques en vue d'applications aux composants électroniques." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066527.
Tokumoto, Miriam Sanae. "Etude struturale des précurseurs, intermédiaires et colloi͏̈des dérivés de l'acétate de zinc et propriétés électriques, optiques et structurales des couches minces d'oxyde de zinc dopé au indium." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0037.
Souada, Betrouni Malika. "Récupération et retraitement des composants de certains déchets des Equipements Electriques et Electroniques (DEEE)." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R007.
In recent years, the amount of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), such as TVs and Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs), is constantly increasing. These devices consume non-renewable and therefore limited natural resources, and generate waste that can be a source of pollution. LCDs from WEEE contain highly recyclable Secondary Raw Material (SRM), including liquid crystals and indium-tin oxide (ITO). At present, there are few industrial processes for the recovery of this material for the purpose of recovery. The main objective of this thesis is to translate the results obtained at the UMET laboratory scale into an industrial process developed by Envie 2e Nord. This process allows ultrasonic-assisted chemical extraction of liquid crystals and ITO from LCD screens without glass crushing and regardless of screen size. In order to ensure their quality, the materials obtained have been characterized using various efficient analysis techniques: ICP-OES, SEM/EDS-BSE, ToF-SIMS, POM, FTIR, DSC, TGA,.... Part of the work involved prospecting for recovery routes, particularly for treated liquid crystals
Gouyon, Jérémie. "Développement d’outils microfluidiques pour l’analyse et la récupération de métaux précieux issus du retraitement des déchets électroniques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEC009.
Analytical sciences are increasingly associated with sustainable production objectives through two approaches: the characterization of products and processes before and after a recycling process, and the development of new green analytical recycling methodologies for their recovery. In particular, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is nowadays considered as urban mines because of its composition, rich in metallic species of interest. For the latter, there are different methods of analysis, before and after recycling, using conventional technologies (ICP-AES, ICP OES, XRD, X-ray fluorescence). In this work, we propose to make an innovative contribution in this field by developing a lab-on-a-chip implementing the coupling between electrophoretic separation and amperometric detection. Compared to existing technologies, this type of device will serve not only as an analytical tool for real-time monitoring of an industrial recycling process, but also as a recycling tool with the potential recovery of precious metals (Platinum, Palladium and Gold) in solid form by electrochemical depletion. The development of a recovery strategy was thus explored, thanks to the integration of composite microelectrodes for the detection of precious metals from acid leachate within a reversible microsystem with multiple advantages compared to conventional microsystems. Such a flow system has been adapted for metal recovery with rates close to 80%
Klein, Naiara Yohanna. "Nanofils magnétiques et semiconducteurs : adressage, caractérisation électriques et magnétiques et applications." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30313/document.
Nanotechnology is at the center of nowadays technologies in an increasing and very interdisciplinary manner. Sticking together the manufacturing and characterization of the nano-devices and their constituent nanostructures are keys for the development of the field. This thesis covered studies of ferromagnetic (Co) and semiconductors nanowires (Si, InAs and ZnO) based nanodevices. Nanowires growing and correct addressing techniques were studied for measurements and characterizations set ups and for large-scale industrial applications possibilities. The growing techniques were electrodeposition and CVD. Different pHs were used for the solutions in the case of the Co nanowires growing that were, than, connected by means of electronic lithography. The resulting measurements enabled us to associate the pH to the crystalline structure characterization. The nanowires addressing was made using the dieletrophoresis technique coupled to capillary assembly and also by contacting the isolated nanowire by means of electronic lithography. The contact made in the nanowire was favored by the silicidation technique. For this two different materials, Pt and Ni, compatible with the CMOS technology. A deep study of the interface semiconductor/silicidation was performed and the Schottky Barrier of Si nanowires was verified to be smaller than the barrier in the bulk form of Si. In the InAs nanowires case an imperceptible barrier was found. The ZnO nanowires were found to be of p-type. The following devices were manufactured: top/back-gate transistors, lateral spin valves (local and non-local valves) and multilayer-nanowires based spin valves (local valves). The semiconductor nanowires sensors (gas, humidity and luminosity) were also manufactured and tested. In the spin valves context the interface semiconductor/ferromagnetic material was studied in order to associate the Schottky Barrier height to the SiO2 width that acts as a tunnel barrier. From the semiconductors nanowires based field effect transistors (FETs) measurements it was possible to verify the charge carriers type for each different material, to extract its mobility, threshold voltage and others. The manufactured sensors were made of Si, InAs and ZnO nanowires and the main aim was to use them as gas, humidity and luminosity sensors. The ZnO nanowires have been seen to be light sensitive whereas the Si and InAs nanowires responded to the presence of humidity and of pollutant gases, e.g. the NO2
Turbiez, Mathieu. "Nouveaux systèmes conjugués linéaires intégrant des motifs 3,4-éthylènedioxythiophènes (EDOT) : synthèse et étude des propriétés électroniques." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0012.
This work concerns the development and the study of the properties of new linear conjugated systems (LCS) built with 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophenes (EDOT) moieties. The synthesis of oligomers varying by their length, the number and the position of the EDOT units in the conjugated chain is described. The analysis of the optical and electrochemical properties clearly shows a marked influence of the EDOT unit on the structure of oligomers. The donor effect of the ethylenedioxy group increases the level of the HOMO and contributes to locate the positive charge on the EDOT moieties. A rigidification of the molecules, by intramolecular interactions between oxygen atoms of ethylenedioxy group and the sulphur atoms of an adjacent thiophene cycle, is observed. The last part proposes two alternatives for replacing the EDOT core, its sulphur analogue, EDST, and the3,6-dimethoxy-thienothiophene, which constitute interesting ways to obtain low gap polymers more soluble than the PEDOT
Ye, Zuo-Guang. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux ferroélectriques oxyfluorés ou hydroxofluorés de type LiTaO₃." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10597.
Souada, Betrouni Malika. "Récupération et retraitement des composants de certains déchets des Equipements Electriques et Electroniques (DEEE)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR007.
In recent years, the amount of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), such as TVs and Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs), is constantly increasing. These devices consume non-renewable and therefore limited natural resources, and generate waste that can be a source of pollution. LCDs from WEEE contain highly recyclable Secondary Raw Material (SRM), including liquid crystals and indium-tin oxide (ITO). At present, there are few industrial processes for the recovery of this material for the purpose of recovery. The main objective of this thesis is to translate the results obtained at the UMET laboratory scale into an industrial process developed by Envie 2e Nord. This process allows ultrasonic-assisted chemical extraction of liquid crystals and ITO from LCD screens without glass crushing and regardless of screen size. In order to ensure their quality, the materials obtained have been characterized using various efficient analysis techniques: ICP-OES, SEM/EDS-BSE, ToF-SIMS, POM, FTIR, DSC, TGA,.... Part of the work involved prospecting for recovery routes, particularly for treated liquid crystals
Rivière-Jerome, Anouck. "Défaillances électriques et défauts structuraux dans les dispositifs de puissance à base de silicium : une étude par microscopie électronique en transmission." Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0039.
Although the actual integrated circuit fabrication process has significantly reduced crystal defect density, the systems miniaturization enhances defects impact on the electrical performance of devices and requires a better understanding of their properties. Our objective is to characterize, at the sub-micrometric scale, silicon structural defects generated by the fabrication process of BICMOS power devices coming from MOTOROLA S. A. S production lines which have a harmful influence on circuits work. Associated with failure analysis techniques, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) is the key tool for our objective accomplishment. We focused our research on two kinds of defects: slip lines and iron precipitates due to an accidental contamination
Atrouz, Brahim. "Conception et réalisation d'un capteur autonome de permittivités diélectriques complexes à résonateur coaxial ou microbande." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT005H.
Touya, Gilles. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale des décharges électriques dans l'eau et des ondes de pression associées. : Réalisation d'un prototype industriel 100kJ pour le traitement de déchets par puissances électriques pulsées." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3001.
The aim of this thesis is to make its contribution to the experimental study of electrical dicharges in water and associated pressure waves. A 100kJ industrial prototype was carried out to treat wastes by electrical pulsed power. The first chapter introduce the pulsed power technology. The second chapter explains the two experimental devices used : the industrial process, and the test board of lower energy, allowing the physical and electrotechnical study of the electrical discharge in water. Experimental results of this study are introduced in the third chapter. Electrical and optical mesures reveal two types of discharges i. E. Subsonic and supersonic discharges. Finally, in the fourth chapter, two applications of the PBT method are presented : the first one concerns the industrial prototype, the second allows to evaluate the efficiency of electrical discharges in water to treat biofilms
Laur, Jean-Pierre. "Étude et conception d'un bras de pont pour convertisseur continu-continu à résonance à très haute fréquence." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT078H.
Raynaud, Michèle. "Application des méthodes de la chimie quantique à l'étude de la réactivité et des propriétés électroniques de composés organiques cyanés." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112298.
Aziz, Abdelhak. "Propriétés électriques des composants électroniques minéraux et organiques. Conception et modélisation d'une chaîne photovoltaïque pour une meilleure exploitation de l'énergie solaire." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00143296.
Caffin, Jean-Pierre. "Elaboration et caractérisation de céramiques semi-conductrices à base de manganites de cuivre et de nickel : stabilisation des propriétés électriques des thermistances à coefficient de température négatif (C.T.N.) à faibles résistivités." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT009G.
Magnet, Christophe. "Traitement non-linéaire de la tension de sortie d'éléments piézoélectriques : application aux transformateurs piézoélectriques et au contrôle de vibration de cartes électroniques." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0081/these.pdf.
These last years, applications using piezoelectric materials developed considerably. The application fields of these materials are numerous: structural vibration control, acoustic control, energy harvesting, piezoelectric transformers…. The LGEF sets of themes include adaptive system development containing electroactive materials with, in particular, the development of a technique called SSD (for Synchronized Switch Damping). This technique consists in a non linear processing of the voltage generated by piezoelectric elements. The work presented here consists in looking further into SSD techniques and adapting them to power density optimisation of piezoelectric transformers and to the structural vibration control of electronic boards. When applied to “piezoelectric transformers”, the non linear techniques experimentally show a clear improvement of the power density with, under certain conditions, an improvement of the power transfer efficiency. These enhancements are in agreement with theoretical predictions. Applied to structural vibration control of electronic boards, non-linear techniques raise the problem of the electromechanical coupling optimisation regarding the surface covered by the piezoelectric inserts. The work carried out in this field has made it possible to identify the main parameters for a global electromechanical coupling factor optimisation. Finally, a multimodal model has been developed: it made it possible to evaluate the multimodal effectiveness of various control laws with various complexities in order to compare them
Nikoukar, Shahram. "Optimisation par algorithme génétique d’un réseau d’éléments piézo-électriques et contrôle actif des plaques." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100053.
This work concerns the optimization of piezoelectric sensors and actuators networks using genetic algorithms in active vibration control of plate structures. The role of actuators is damping of vibrations as quickly as possible, we try to minimize the energy of control by positioning the actuators. The sensors by observing as well as possible the movement of structure, their positions are chosen to maximize the output energy. To quantity the quality of the sensors and actuators network, we use two new optimization criteria developed in the LEME laboratory which do not favour one particular eigenmode. These criteria are used to optimize the positions of piezoelectric elements network taking into account both their positions and orientations at the same time in presence or absence of residual modes. From the associated criterion to the sensors, we introduce a second criterion for determining whether each mode is correctly observed by the used sensors network. Therefore, we use two associated criteria to optimize both the number and positions of piezoelectric sensors. The nature of mentioned optimization problems (continuous variables and / or discrete, multiplied global and local optimum, multi-objective optimization, non continuously differentiable optimization functions) droved us to develop a simple genetic algorithm adapted to our optimization variables and using only the basic functions of selection, crossover and mutation. The optimization of control parameters law is also performed by using a genetic algorithm. An example of optimal active control application is proposed on a simplified electronic board
Lafontan, Xavier. "Application des micro-technologies aux composants de commutation électrique : études et performances de micro-relais MEMS." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20225.
Roba, Mathieu. "Caractérisation thermophysique et étude de fiabilité d’un composant en électronique de puissance." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1007.
The last twenty years have seen a drastic increase of components work frequencies in order to reduce the size of electronic systems. That increase leads to current inhomogeneities in the components. Such inhomogeneities have been previously studied by electromagnetic way. Consequently, heat sources appear in the components, having an influence on the reliability of the components as well as the associated system. This paper deals with the adaptation of a non destructive photothermal method, the modulated photoreflection, to detect heat sources in an electronic component such as the capacitor
Carubelli, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'identification et à l'estimation des contraintes de fatigue thermique des convertisseurs intégrés pour la traction électrique." Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0105_CARUBELLI.pdf.
Bouafia, Abdelouahab. "Techniques de commande prédictive et floue pour les systèmes électroniques de puissance : application aux redresseurs MLI." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT2297.
This work deals with harmonic elimination in electrical energy distribution networks. In fact, harmonic pollution has become a major field of concern in modern industry. It is usually caused by non linear loads, which draw non sinusoidal current from the network. Current harmonics are mainly caused by static converters, especially diode and thyristor rectifiers, because they have a non linear behaviour and represent the main source of currents harmonics injection. Therefore, some measures must be taken in order to reduce current harmonic distortion caused by this equipment. In this field, the advanced preventive solutions adopted, other than active filters which are curative method, is to substitute the conventional rectifiers with new structures of AC / DC non-polluting converters, which have resistive behaviour towards the network. This research work contributes to the control of PWM rectifier with sinusoidal current absorption. That is why, various control strategies have been developed for this converter in order to obtain an efficient control of the DC bus voltage and nearly sinusoidal input current waveforms. These strategies are based either on direct control of input currents or direct power control (DPC). Moreover, they are combined with advanced controls like approaches with fuzzy logic and predictive control applied to the two preceding methods. Simulations presented in this work are performed with Matlab/SimulinkTM tools, and practical implementation in real time has been done through a system controller board dSPACE 1104