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Journal articles on the topic 'Decentralised'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 March 2023

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1

KR, Dr Vineetha, and Mano K. "The Emergence of Decentralized Business Models: Blockchain Interruption and Decentralized Finance." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 2165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44168.

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Abstract: Blockchain technology has the ability to lower transaction costs, build distributed trust, and empower decentralised platforms, providing a foundation for new decentralised business models. Blockchain technology enables the growth of decentralised financial services in the financial industry, which are more decentralised, inventive, compatible, borderless, and transparent. Decentralized financial services, driven by blockchain technology, have the potential to expand financial inclusion, allow open access, stimulate permissionless innovation, and open new doors for entrepreneurs and innovators. In this paper, we examine the advantages of decentralised finance, as well as existing business models, obstacles, and limitations. Decentralized finance, as a new area of financial technology, has the potential to transform current finance and provide a new landscape for entrepreneurship and creativity, exhibiting the benefits and drawbacks of decentralised business models

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Arora, Hari C. "Decentralised Planning." Indian Journal of Public Administration 37, no. 2 (April 1991): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119910208.

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Bardhan, Pranab. "Decentralised development." Indian Economic Review 54, S1 (December 2019): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41775-019-00076-z.

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Mishra, Akshay, Calan Denol Pereira, Amit Pola, Aayush Bhagat, and Dr Amutha S. "A Literature Review of Block Chain Application in Social Media." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 1204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49228.

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Abstract: The importance of online social networks (OSNs) in people’s daily lives is growing, however all widely used OSNs are centralised, which brings up a number of management, security, and privacy concerns. The potential to address the aforementioned problems is provided by a architecture technology which is known as blockchain. In the below work, an Online Social Network based on block-chain is created and its decentralised operation is demonstrated. To decentralise data, a large volume of typically low-security requirements can be stored in the Interplanetary Filesystem (IPFS). Users may self-manage the OSN in a democratic manner thanks to a decentralised autonomous organisation that has been built for user autonomy

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Pieper, Tobias. "Das dezentrale Lagersystem für Flüchtlinge." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 34, no. 136 (September 1, 2004): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v34i136.624.

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It's possible to see the accommodation of estimated 600.000 refugees in Germany as a decentralised camp-system. Coming from a definition of this system, the historical conditions of emergence are described as a willing social devaluation and a way to supply workforce. So the economical embedding and function of the decentralised campsystem will be analysed. Here for the ethnical layers of the labour market are described in their regular and irregular segments. As a result the decentralized camp-system can be seen as embedded in the present relations of production as reservoir of regular workers in the Bundesländern of high prosperity. At the same time it works as a hinge to the irregular segments of the ethnically layered labour market. At the end the ideological function of the refugee as prototype of the neoliberal worker will be discussed.

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Nayazi, Shehyaaz Khan, Mohammed Sufiyan Aman, Shakshi Pandey, Riyanchhi Agrawal, and M. Namratha. "Decentralised domain authentication." International Journal of Blockchains and Cryptocurrencies 3, no. 1 (2022): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbc.2022.122987.

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7

Baglin, T. "Decentralised anticoagulant care." Journal of Clinical Pathology 51, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.51.2.89.

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Fitzmaurice, D. A., E. T. Murray, and F. D. Hobbs. "Decentralised anticoagulant care." Journal of Clinical Pathology 51, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 711b—712b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.51.9.711b.

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Brown, David. "Decentralised but Collective." Probation Journal 33, no. 2 (June 1986): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026455058603300222.

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Holland, Ray, Lahiru Perera, Teodoro Sanchez, and Rona Wilkinson. "Decentralised rural electrification." Refocus 2, no. 6 (July 2001): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-0846(01)80060-3.

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Utidjian, H., J. M. Maciejowski, and S. Lall. "Quasi-Decentralised Control." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 28, no. 10 (July 1995): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)51620-1.

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Low, Colin. "Decentralised application placement." Future Generation Computer Systems 21, no. 2 (February 2005): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2003.10.003.

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Bauer, Andreas, and Yliès Falcone. "Decentralised LTL monitoring." Formal Methods in System Design 48, no. 1-2 (April 2016): 46–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10703-016-0253-8.

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Liang, Bei, and Aikaterini Mitrokotsa. "Decentralised Functional Signatures." Mobile Networks and Applications 24, no. 3 (October 11, 2018): 934–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11036-018-1149-1.

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15

Rezende, Marisa B. Guaraldo M. "Decentralised popular planning." Habitat International 17, no. 3 (January 1993): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-3975(93)90018-8.

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Brisbois, Marie Claire. "Decentralised energy, decentralised accountability? Lessons on how to govern decentralised electricity transitions from multi-level natural resource governance." Global Transitions 2 (2020): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.glt.2020.01.001.

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Akanbang, Bernard Afiik Akanpabadai, and Cosmas Bekyieriya. "Decentralised Monitoring in Emerging Local Governments: An Analysis of Benefits and Constraining Factors in the Lawra Municipality, Ghana." Ghana Journal of Development Studies 17, no. 2 (October 23, 2020): 72–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjds.v17i2.4.

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This paper contributes to the empirical literature on the benefits and constraining factors of monitoring in decentralised governments in emerging democratic governments. Decentralised monitoring has theoretically been recognised as providing comprehensive data for decentralised planning, quality service delivery, enhancing accountability, and assessing development interventions’ effectiveness at the local level. However, empirical evidence on its effectiveness in decentralised governance is still evolving. A case study design encompassing the conduct of 12 key informant interviews was used for the study. Findings show that monitoring supports early identification of problems for their quick resolution; enables shared learning; gives voice to community level stakeholders; checks the deviant behaviour of service providers and enhances efficiency in resource use. Inadequate staffing; scrawny knowledge and skills; derisory logistics; noncompliance to budget and calendar for monitoring and uncoordinated arrangements in project implementation constrained decentralised monitoring effectiveness. The evidence gathered support thetheoretical arguments for decentralised monitoring and adds to the list of constraining issues in the organisational, human resource and policy factors. The study recommends effervescent advocacy for building monitoring capacity at district level and nurturing political leadership as champions for monitoring in order to get hold of development effectiveness at the local level of governance. Keywords: Decentralised Governments, Monitoring, Decentralised Monitoring, Benefits,Constraints

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Sharma, Ashok K., Grace Tjandraatmadja, Stephen Cook, and Ted Gardner. "Decentralised systems – definition and drivers in the current context." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 9 (May 1, 2013): 2091–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.093.

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This paper explores the current context for decentralised approaches in the provision of urban water services. It examines the recent history of decentralised systems' implementation in Australia and identifies its drivers. The drivers included addressing capacity constraints of centralised systems, mitigating the environmental impact of urban development, and increasing the resilience of urban water systems to episodic droughts and the projected impacts of climate change. The concepts of integrated urban water management and water sensitive urban design were prevalent in many of the innovative approaches used for the provision of decentralised urban water services. However, there remains a degree of confusion among water professionals in the terminology adopted for on-site and decentralised systems. Based on a literature review, consultation with water industry professionals and examination of decentralised urban developments in Australia, this paper has developed a generalised definition of decentralised systems for adoption across the water sector. The definition encompasses the various development scales in which decentralised systems are implemented, and reflects the new functions and characteristics inherent to those systems.

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Karcanias, N., I. Meintanis, and J. Leventides. "Selection of Decentralised Schemes and Parametrisation of the Decentralised Degenerate Compensators." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 9 (2016): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.497.

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Heinzmann, Bernd, Rolf-Jürgen Schwarz, Petra Schuster, and Claire Pineau. "Decentralized collection of iodinated x-ray contrast media in hospitals–results of the feasibility study and the practice test phase." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 2 (January 1, 2008): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.818.

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Iodinated x-ray contrast media are unmetabolized and almost completely with the urine in 24 hours emitted in the wastewater after their application by human being. These very polar, hydrophilic and hardly biodegradable substances have already been detected in the water cycle. The objective of this R&D project is the collection of the x-ray contrast media already at the source in the hospital and so the avoidance of an emission in the water cycle. Three concepts have been developed in the scope of this R&D project: a centralized collection concept with a no-mix toilet in the radiology unit, a decentralized collection concept featuring a no-mix toilet for every of the ward and another decentralized collection concept with mobile urine containers for the wards. The evaluation of the collection concepts has taken systematically into consideration costs, acceptance and a value benefit analysis. The feasibility study has shown that a separated collection of iodinated x-ray contrast media in hospitals is possible through the implementation of a decentralized urine collection concept using mobile urine containers. This decentralised collection concept was tested in each case on one main focus ward of two representative German hospitals for 20 weeks. In both wards of the hospitals around 60% of patients with an examination of x-ray contrast media took part in the voluntary urine collection. The AOX arose from the iodinated x-ray contrast media in the collected urine. The averaged measured AOI concentration in the patient's urine was 18 g/l. The total costs, formed by the costs for staff, material and disposal, were estimated at 10 € per patient, 7 € per litre urine and approximate 380 € per kilogramme iodine for the separated urine collection in hospitals. The main part of the total costs is formed by the costs for staff with around 80%. This R&D project has shown that the separated collection of the patients' urine with a simple and decentralised collection concept with mobile urine containers in hospitals can be carried out hygienically and safely. A transfer of this decentralised collection concept to pharmaceuticals which are excreted with urine is possible.

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Srivastava, Anukool. "Review on Decentralised Application Using Block Chain." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 1592–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i1/pr200258.

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Fenny, Ama P. "Ghana’s Path to an Industrial–Led Growth: The Role of Decentralisation Policies." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 11 (September 20, 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n11p22.

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Ghana’s industrial sector has evolved with the various stages of political and economic reforms since independence in 1957. Efforts to decentralize its key institutions to enhance economic growth has seen very little success especially in the area of linking industries to local institutions. Recently, the economy has been dampened by worsening macroeconomic environment, huge regional disparities and power crises. A number of policy and programme initiatives by the government have been undertaken especially in the area of revamping the local economies through the existing decentralized systems. This paper presents a critical review of the role of decentralized institutions in industrialisation in Ghana. The paper utilises annual data from the Ministry of Finance and Ghana Statistical Service from 1981 to date to show trends in growth patterns in the selected indicators.Despite key interventions, some regions in Ghana have failed to develop. The envisioned industrial geographical dispersion has not been realised as we find many Ghanaian industries concentrated in a few regions. The paper highlights the challenges facing Ghana’s decentralized institutions and identifies the opportunities that can catalyse the growth of Ghana’s industrial sector if key policy strategic reforms are undertaken. An industrial-led growth will ensure that the manufacturing sub-sector will be boosted to improve production and provide jobs. Industrialisation has been projected at the forefront of government’s development agenda. The paper provides a review that highlights the need to support decentralised institutions to enable them stimulate investment in industrial sector.

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de Jong, Amos J., Renske J. Grupstra, Yared Santa-Ana-Tellez, Mira G. P. Zuidgeest, Anthonius de Boer, and Helga Gardarsdottir. "Which decentralised trial activities are reported in clinical trial protocols of drug trials initiated in 2019–2020? A cross-sectional study in ClinicalTrials.gov." BMJ Open 12, no. 8 (August 2022): e063236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063236.

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ObjectivesDecentralised clinical trial activities—such as participant recruitment via social media, data collection through wearables and direct-to-participant investigational medicinal product (IMP) supply—have the potential to change the way clinical trials (CTs) are conducted and with that to reduce the participation burden and improve generalisability. In this study, we investigated the decentralised and on-site conduct of trial activities as reported in CT protocols with a trial start date in 2019 or 2020.DesignWe ascertained the decentralised and on-site conduct for the following operational trial activities: participant outreach, prescreening, screening, obtaining informed consent, asynchronous communication, participant training, IMP supply, IMP adherence monitoring, CT monitoring, staff training and data collection. Results were compared for the public versus private sponsors, regions involved, trial phases and four time periods (the first and second half of 2019 and 2020, respectively).SettingPhases 2, 3 and 4 clinical drug trial protocols with a trial start date in 2019 or 2020 available from ClinicalTrials.gov.Outcome measuresThe occurrence of decentralised and on-site conduct of the predefined trial activities reported in CT protocols.ResultsFor all trial activities, on-site conduct was more frequently reported than decentralised conduct. Decentralised conduct of the individual trial activities was reported in less than 25.6% of the 254 included protocols, except for decentralised data collection, which was reported in 68.9% of the protocols. More specifically, 81.9% of the phase 3 protocols reported decentralised data collection, compared with 73.3% and 47.0% of the phase 2 and 4 protocols, respectively. For several activities, including prescreening, screening and consenting, upward trends in reporting decentralised conduct were visible over time.ConclusionsDecentralised methods are used in CTs, mainly for data collection, but less frequently for other activities. Sharing best practices and a detailed description in protocols can drive the adoption of decentralised methods.

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Sharma, Ashok, Stewart Burn, Ted Gardner, and Alan Gregory. "Role of decentralised systems in the transition of urban water systems." Water Supply 10, no. 4 (September 1, 2010): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2010.187.

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Provision of conventional centralised water, wastewater and stormwater systems for urban municipal services has been common practice for over 100 years. These systems center around the protection of human health, ensuring reliable water supply and minimizing flooding; often with minimal consideration of the environmental and ecological impacts associated with fresh water extraction and wastewater discharge. These urban water systems are facing unprecedented challenges in this century from the emerging issues of climate variability, population growth, aging infrastructure, urbanisation and resource constraints. In this context, the current level of urban water service provision can't be provided within the existing centralised system framework, unless there is a significant increase in investment, to enlarge and rehabilitate the existing centralized systems. Water service providers and managers are therefore considering alternative and sustainable means of providing water services in this environment. Decentralised and distributed water and wastewater systems, which are planned within an integrated water management concept, are being promoted either in combination with centralised systems; or alone as the sustainable solution for urban water servicing. Current urban water systems are beginning to undergo a transition, where decentralised systems will play a major role in the long-term sustainability of these systems to meet the above mentioned challenges. However, since decentralized systems are relatively new and involve increased complexity there are wide knowledge gaps in their planning, design, implementation, operation and management, which are impeding their uptake. This paper summarises the role of decentralized systems in the transitioning of centralised systems to a more sustainable state and discusses some of the complexities in the implementation of these systems.

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Werner, Stefan, Thomas Walter, Christian Wiezorek, Christian Backe, Miguel Bande Firvida, Thomas Vögele, Peter Conradi, Samrat Bose, and Enrique Kremers. "Smart decentralised energy management." CIRED - Open Access Proceedings Journal 2020, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/oap-cired.2021.0054.

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Cheng, Haoyang, John Page, John Olsen, and Nathan Kinkaid. "Decentralised spacecraft manoeuvre planning." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 86, no. 5 (August 26, 2014): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2012-0236.

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Bortoli, Stefano, Themis Palpanas, and Paolo Bouquet. "Decentralised social network management." International Journal of Web Based Communities 7, no. 3 (2011): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijwbc.2011.041199.

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Ferrer, Ana Juan, Joan Manuel Marquès, and Josep Jorba. "Towards the Decentralised Cloud." ACM Computing Surveys 51, no. 6 (February 27, 2019): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3243929.

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Yuan, Y., G. B. Stan, L. Shi, M. Barahona, and J. Goncalves. "Decentralised minimum-time consensus." Automatica 49, no. 5 (May 2013): 1227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2013.02.015.

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Geromel, J. C., and P. L. D. Peres. "Decentralised load-frequency control." IEE Proceedings D Control Theory and Applications 132, no. 5 (1985): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-d.1985.0039.

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Hanmandlu, M., and N. V. Suryanarayana. "High gain decentralised control." IEE Proceedings D Control Theory and Applications 140, no. 4 (1993): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-d.1993.0034.

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Wyplosz, Charles. "Creating a decentralised Eurozone." European View 19, no. 1 (April 2020): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1781685820918736.

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Willetts, J., S. Fane, and C. Mitchell. "Making decentralised systems viable: a guide to managing decentralised assets and risks." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 5 (September 1, 2007): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.569.

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Decentralised systems have the potential to provide a viable option for long term sustainable management of household wastewater. Yet, at present, such systems hold an uncertain status and are frequently omitted from consideration. Their potential can only be realised with improved approaches to their management, and improved methods to decision-making in planning of wastewater systems. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the value of a novel framework to guide the planning of decentralised systems so that asset management and risk management are explicitly considered. The framework was developed through a detailed synthesis of literature and practice in the area of asset management of centralised water and wastewater systems, and risk management in the context of decentralised systems. Key aspects of the framework are attention to socio-economic risks as well as engineering, public health and ecological risks, the central place of communication with multiple stakeholders and establishing a shared asset information system. A case study is used to demonstrate how the framework can guide a different approach and lead to different, more sustainable outcomes, by explicitly considering the needs and perspectives of homeowners, water authorities, relevant government agencies and society as a whole.

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Sharma, A. K., S. Cook, and M. N. Chong. "Monitoring and validation of decentralised water and wastewater systems for increased uptake." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 11 (June 1, 2013): 2576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.168.

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Decentralised water and wastewater systems are being implemented to meet growing demand for municipal services either in combination with centralised systems or as standalone systems. In Australia, there has been increased investment in decentralised water and wastewater systems in response to the capacity constraints of existing centralised systems, an extended period of below average rainfall, uncertainly in traditional water sources due to potential climate change impacts, and the need to reduce the environmental impact of urban development. The implementation of decentralised water systems as a mainstream practice at different development scales is impeded by the knowledge gaps on their actual performance in a range of development types and settings. As the wide-spread uptake of these approaches in modern cities is relatively new compared to centralised approaches, there is limited information available on their planning, design, implementation, reliability and robustness. This paper presents a number of case studies where monitoring studies are under way to validate the performance of decentralised water and wastewater systems. The results from these case studies show the yield and reliability of these decentralised systems, as well as the associated energy demand and ecological footprint. The outputs from these case studies, and other monitoring studies, are important in improving decentralised system design guidelines and developing industry wide management norms for the operation and maintenance of decentralised systems.

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Kumar, A. Rajesh, S. Madhu, and A. Haripriya. "Deep Learning Based Adaptive Multimodal System for Bitcoin Price Prediction." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 1329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48800.

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Abstract: Cryptocurrencies are the best example of Blockchain. And the Blockchain is a decentralized network where they are multiple nodes that control the network. Bitcoin established itself as the first decentralised cryptocurrency in 2009. Bitcoin revolutionized the crypto world and all other cryptocurrencies other than bitcoin such as Ethereum, Ripple, etc. are called altcoins. In the crypto market, the price of bitcoin reflects the other cryptocurrencies. Therefore, our intention is to create prediction models which uses deep learning concepts for bitcoin and to forecast its future price.

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Moglia, Magnus, Ashok Sharma, Kim Alexander, and Aditi Mankad. "Perceived performance of decentralised water systems: a survey approach." Water Supply 11, no. 5 (December 1, 2011): 516–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.081.

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Decentralised water systems are considered to be effective, beneficial and are useful in a number of urban and peri-urban settings, and have been implemented to varying degrees across much of Australia. The use of decentralised water systems has introduced a change in the style of water service delivery and often there are new actors responsible and involved in the maintenance and operation of these systems. This raises questions about how to best implement and govern the use of decentralised water systems. To understand the issues and problem mitigation approaches required for decentralised systems, collection of data on the effectiveness, difficulties, functional aspects and ongoing problems in providing water services is required. Understanding the issues involved is not necessarily straightforward, as performance can be viewed from many different perspectives and may be difficult to measure. One key perspective to consider is that of householders, in their role as end-users of decentralised water systems. This paper suggests that dedicated household surveys can provide important information on the performance of decentralised water systems based on personal understanding and experience of these systems. This is stated on the basis of householder survey trials which indeed seem to provide useful information, both in terms of feedback from the individual and in generating a coherent data set from which to statistically model the adequacy of various implementation styles and governance structures. An exploration of data sets from survey trials have contributed to collective learning, necessary in firmly establishing decentralised systems as viable options for the provision of urban water services now and into the future.

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Bezuidenhout, Riaan, Wynand Nel, and Jacques Maritz. "Defining Decentralisation in Permissionless Blockchain Systems." African Journal of Information and Communication (AJIC), no. 29 (July 3, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23962/ajic.i29.14247.

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The term decentralised as a description of the architecture, operation, and governance of permissionless blockchain systems has become ubiquitous. However, in these contexts, the term decentralised has no clear definition. Blockchain ecosystems are complex, and thus it is essential to address confusion among stakeholders about their nature and promote understanding of the intentions and consequences of their implementation. This article offers a theoretical definition of the term decentralised in the context of permissionless blockchain systems. It is proposed that five inextricable and interconnected aspects are required, at a minimum, to warrant a claim that a permissionless blockchain system is decentralised. These aspects are disintermediation, a peer-to-peer network, a distributed blockchain data structure, algorithmic trust, and open-source principles. The relationship between the five aspects is discussed, and it is argued that decentralisation is not binary but exists on a spectrum. Any variation in one or more aspects may impact the system’s decentralised nature as a whole. The researchers identify areas where further investigation in this field is required and propose instances where the knowledge garnered may be used.

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Setiawan, M. A., and E. Sulistyo. "Centralised and decentralised data communication scheme for voltage regulation in DC Microgrids." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1212, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1212/1/012040.

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Abstract Voltage regulation is one of the main control issues in DC Microgrids (MGs). To achieve voltage regulation in MGs, exchange information between distributed generation units (DG) is inevitable. There are two types of data exchange proposed and discussed, centralised and decentralised data communication schemes. Many papers in the literature did not give attention to the type of data communication infrastructure that will have a significant impact on both centralised and decentralised schemes. This paper proposes centralised and decentralised data communication scheme and their impact on voltage regulation in DC MGs. The dynamic performance of a DC MG with loads fluctuations, operating with the proposed technique, is evaluated through simulation analyses, realized in MATLAB. Both the proposed centralised and decentralised methods are able to maintain the voltage within acceptable limit during loads fluctuations; however the centralised method is around five times faster than the decentralised method. The results show the superiority of the proposed method for the DC MGs operations during load demands fluctuations, loads varieties, communication delays and structures.

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Rybaczewska-Błażejowska, Magdalena, Damian Mazurek, and Marcin Mazur. "Life cycle sustainability assessment of decentralised com- posting of bio-waste: A case study of the Łódź agglomeration (Poland)." Quaestiones Geographicae 41, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2022-0041.

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The study examines the concept of decentralised composting of bio-waste as an alternative approach to current waste management practices, using the Łódź Agglomeration (Poland) as an exemplary case study. Consequently, the aim of the presented research is to compare and discuss the sustainability of the functioning biowaste management system (status quo) against an alternative solution based on decentralised composting. Combined application of process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) was selected as the methodology to compare the sustainability framework for the waste management practices under analysis. The study has made it clear that decentralised composting of bio-waste offers broader environmental, economic and social benefits, albeit with the level of that benefit being very much correlated with the type of local government area (commune or in Polish gmina). Regardless of the impact category, rural and urban–rural gminas achieved the greatest savings, reaching >90%, and thus are seen to offer the greatest potential for decentralised composting to be put into effect, on the basis of household/backyard composting. In consequence, decentralised composting can constitute a fundamental form of bio-waste management in 20 out of the 28 gminas of the Łódź Agglomeration. The results obtained from the research facilitate the implementation and wider utilisation of decentralised composting, as an important element of the transition to a circular economy, where bio-waste is concerned.

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Mohapatra, Bishnu Prasad. "Decentralised Planning for Tribal Development and Role of Panchayats: A Study of Two Districts of Odisha." Journal of Land and Rural Studies 8, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 166–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321024920914764.

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Planning for promoting socio-economic development of marginalised people has emerged as a key function of Panchayats in India. This scenario is also found in the case of the scheduled areas of Odisha. On the basis of data collected from 300 households in two tribal districts of Odisha, this study argues that institutional arrangement and functioning of Panchayats have paved the way for formulation of decentralised development plans in these areas. The Panchayats have been playing a key role in the ways of formulating decentralised development plans and fostering the participation of tribal people in planning process. Many important issues related to socio-economic development of tribal people have been discussed in the meetings involving planning. Despite this, the goals of promoting socio-economic development of tribal people through formulating decentralised development plans have not achieved the desired results. Inadequate infrastructure and poor data management system at the Panchayat level and weak coordination among the various tiers have created hurdles in the path of formulation of decentralised development plans in the districts. It is on this basis, that this article suggests decentralised planning as a systemic process in the scheduled areas under the guidance of the Panchayats.

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Charles, K., N. Ashbolt, C. Ferguson, D. Roser, R. McGuinness, and D. Deere. "Centralised versus decentralised sewage systems: a comparison of pathogen and nutrient loads released into Sydney's drinking water catchments." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 11-12 (December 1, 2004): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0802.

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Data collected from centralised and decentralised sewage treatment plants throughout Sydney's drinking water catchments was used to calculate the relative catchment loads of Cryptosporidium, enteric viruses, nitrogen and phosphorus for an initial screening assessment. Loads were assessed at median and 90 percentile values for expected and worst-cases scenarios. The expected scenario in the Sydney drinking water catchments is that decentralised systems (servicing 32,800 people) provide similar total loads to centralised systems (serving 70% of the catchment population) for total phosphorus (37,090 kg.y-1), Cryptosporidium (1011 oocysts.y-1) and enteric viruses (9.1 × 1013 y-1), but higher loads of total nitrogen (237,610 vs. 136,740 kg.y-1). Decentralised systems, however, were predicted to have higher loads in the worst-case scenario with 620,620 kg.y-1 TN, 82,040 kg.y-1 TP, 7.3 × 1013Cryptosporidium oocysts.y-1 and 9 × 1015 enteric viruses per year. Greater load variability was experienced with decentralised systems, which presumably reflects less reliability in their current operation and maintenance. Overall, catchment water quality is therefore not only affected by sewage disposal methods, but also failure issues. Decentralised system disposal to land may afford a degree of mitigation that can be enhanced, if the degree of failure is reduced.

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Lienhoop, Nele, Emad K. Al-Karablieh, Amer Z. Salman, and Jaime A. Cardona. "Environmental cost–benefit analysis of decentralised wastewater treatment and re-use: a case study of rural Jordan." Water Policy 16, no. 2 (November 15, 2013): 323–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.026.

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Decentralised wastewater treatment systems offer an opportunity to introduce wastewater treatment and generate irrigation water in places that are not connected to centralised treatment plants. The advantages of decentralised technologies include their capability to provide wastewater treatment infrastructure in remote and hilly rural communities and their flexible adaptation to fast-growing semi-urban settlements. In this study we investigate the costs and benefits of introducing decentralised wastewater treatment and re-use to two locations in Jordan. The cost–benefit analysis (CBA) used here differs from traditional CBA in that it includes non-market benefits for which monetary values are not readily available, in addition to market benefits. We elaborate on three valuation methods to monetise benefits associated with the environment, health and irrigation in agriculture. Our findings suggest that it is principally worthwhile to establish decentralised treatment technologies in remote areas.

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Černe, Andrej. "Dispersed and decentralised settlement system." Dela, no. 21 (December 31, 2004): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.21.6.83-95.

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Černe, Andrej. "Dispersed and decentralised settlement system." Dela, no. 21 (December 1, 2004): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dela.21.83-95.

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In the process of reintegration of the urban system new settlements are emerging on the urban rim, transitional zones are reurbanised, derelict areas within the cities are being deve-loped and degraded urban areas of derelict industrial complexes are being renaturalised. In the periphery combined research and production parks are being set up, in the open land-scape integrated business, trade and recreational centres are springing up. Decentralisation and recentralisation of focal points of development accompany the contemporary processes of reurbanisation and suburbanisation – they are simultaneous and move in two-direction i. e. to and from the city. We understand them as manifestation of a dynamic balance among contradiction existing between the centre and the rim. Deindustrialisation and relocation of production and distribution from the centres of gravity to the periphery generate extensive degraded urban areas within cities and between the city and suburbs. The periphery is being urbanised with the creation of new, dispersed and nonhierachical poles of development, and the city and inner city is undergoing reurbanization. The general environmental conditions in the city and in the countryside are being equalised, the potentials of development are being sought in the comparative advantages of local conditions: be it attractive urban dis-tricts, be it suburban entities or countryside areas.

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Neumann, László. "Decentralised Collective Bargaining in Hungary." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 16, Issue 2 (June 1, 2000): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/268158.

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The paper argues that the wage determination system in Hungary is extremely individualised and decentralised by Western European standards. The role of collective bargaining is secondary and within its structure the effect of national and sectoral agreements is relatively weak; however, the regulatory function of company level agreements is strong, at least for a small set of companies. The Hungarian system of collective bargaining is compared to that of Great Britain, the only EU Member State that has a decentralised system of bargaining. Finally, current proposals to amend the Hungarian collective bargaining system will be reviewed.

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Auner, Christoph. "Corrosion Protection in Decentralised Production." IST International Surface Technology 13, no. 1 (March 2020): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35724-019-0099-x.

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Newton, Conor, Ayalvadi Ganesh, and Henry Reeve. "Asymptotic Optimality for Decentralised Bandits." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 49, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3512798.3512817.

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We consider a large number of agents collaborating on a multi-armed bandit problem with a large number of arms. We present an algorithm which improves upon the Gossip- Insert-Eliminate method of Chawla et al. [3]. We provide a regret bound which shows that our algorithm is asymptotically optimal and present empirical results demonstrating lower regret on simulated data.

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Glassey, Richard, Graeme Stevenson, and Robert Ian Ferguson. "Decentralised Discovery of Mobile Objects." IPSJ Digital Courier 3 (2007): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2197/ipsjdc.3.293.

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Rahman, Ahmad Ardillah. "Decentralised Education Policy in Indonesia." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v6i2.240.

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This review aims to discover and investigate using available literature, the advantages and the challenges of changing the educational policy from a centralisation to a decentralisation, particularly to look at more closely on teachers’ readiness toward the new educational transformation in Indonesia. Since 2003, with the introduction of decentralisation in Indonesian educational system, teachers and principals have been given more influence and authorities to manage their educational practices. However, there are some problems and challenges faced by teachers and the government in implementing the system. Therefore, this review evaluates benefits and obstacles of the implementation of decentralisation in Indonesian contexts. Findings of this study were gained through a synthesis research where the current empirical studies surrounding the notion of decentralised education were descriptively analysed, integrated and synthesised. It reveals that while the decentralisation has offered several promises that might contribute to the better movement of educational practices, the decentralised education system in Indonesia is still distrait by uneven teachers’ quality, low commitments of teachers and principals, and the poor participation of parents and local societies in succeeding the school committee program. Therefore, in order to succeed the transformation, this review concludes that promoting continual teachers’ education and training, creating teachers’ professional career pathway, and encouraging local monitoring for teachers are fundamental aspects to be developed.

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Kahani, Mohsen, and H. W. Peter Beadle. "Decentralised approaches for network management." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 27, no. 3 (July 1997): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/263932.263940.

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