Journal articles on the topic 'Decentralisation'
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1
Simón, Pablo, Agnese Sacchi, and Santiago Lago-Peñas. "Who Honours the Rules of Federalism? Party System Nationalisation and Fiscal Performance." Political Studies 66, no. 2 (September 27, 2017): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032321717714611.
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This article explores the impact of decentralisation on countries’ fiscal outcomes paying attention to one aspect usually neglected in the literature: the relevance of local politics, proxied by party system nationalisation. Based on a wide sample of developed and developing countries over the period 1970–2011, our findings are threefold. First, both fiscal and political decentralisations have a virtuous effect on fiscal performance, improving general government primary balances. Second, there is no strong evidence that nationalisation by itself enhances national fiscal outcomes. Nevertheless, when fiscal decentralisation is coupled with a certain level of nationalisation, the former improves government fiscal balances. However, when nationalisation of party systems is extremely weak, all the disciplining effects of decentralisation tend to disappear.
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Lyon, Aisling. "Decentralisation and the Provision of Primary and Secondary Education in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 20, no. 4 (2013): 491–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02004001.
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This article examines whether devolving responsibility for the provision of public services such as education in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia can satisfy the demands of non-majority groups for greater autonomy over their own affairs. How education systems are designed and delivered is of particular importance to minority ethnic communities since education is crucial for reproducing (and re-creating) the identity of a group. Without the transmission of the aspects of their identity through education, non-majority cultures may disappear. The review begins with the principal arguments in favour of and against devolving responsibility for the provision of education to local communities. An assessment of the Macedonian education system prior to decentralisation follows, accompanied by a discussion of the decentralisation reforms introduced in 2005. Three key theoretical arguments will then be considered within the Macedonian context: (a) whether decentralisation facilitates the provision of heterogeneous local public services; (b) decentralisation’s ability to enhance participation and transparency in decision-making regarding the delivery of services; and (c) whether decentralisation ensures a more equitable and transparent distribution of public resources. The article argues that the decentralisation of primary and secondary education to the municipal level in Macedonia has enabled local communities to more effectively meet the diverse needs of citizens. Persistent challenges, unless adequately addressed, may however undermine the benefits of reform in the longer term.
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Iqbal, Nasir, Musleh Ud Din Musleh Ud Din, and Ejaz Ghani. "Fiscal Decentralisation and Economic Growth: Role of Democratic Institutions." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 173–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i3pp.173-195.
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This study attempts to analyse the impact of fiscal decentralisation on economic growth. It also examines the complementarity between fiscal decentralisation and democratic institutions in promoting growth. The modelling framework is the endogenous growth model augmented with measures of fiscal decentralisation through democratic institutions. To capture the multidimensionality, three different measures of fiscal decentralisation are used. The overall analysis shows that revenue decentralisation promotes economic growth while expenditure decentralisation retards economic growth. Composite decentralisation positively influences economic growth implying that simultaneous decentralisation of revenue and expenditure reinforce each other to promote economic growth. Analysis also shows that democratic institutions play a significant role in realising the benefits of fiscal decentralisation. Various policy implications emerge from this study. JEL Classification: C26, E02, H11, H72, O11 Keywords: Fiscal Decentralisation, Democracy, Economic Growth, Pakistan
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Shahzad, Sehrish, and Bushra Yasmin. "Does Fiscal Decentralisation Matter for Poverty and Income Inequality in Pakistan?" Pakistan Development Review 55, no. 4I-II (December 1, 2016): 781–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v55i4i-iipp.781-802.
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This study endeavours to investigate the impact of fiscal decentralisation on the welfare concerns of poverty, and income inequality in Pakistan for the time period 1972 to 2013. In order to capture the multi-dimensional nature of fiscal decentralisation, three indicators are used namely; revenue decentralisation, expenditure decentralisation and composite decentralisation. Further, the role of institutional quality is also incorporated in apprehending the responsiveness of welfare issues towards the process of fiscal decentralisation. The estimation technique of Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) is employed for estimating the impact of fiscal decentralisation on poverty and income inequality. The empirical findings suggest that fiscal decentralisation has discretely resulted in increasing poverty and income inequality in Pakistan, but the presence of better institutional quality along with fiscal decentralisation can promise to mitigate the negative consequences of fiscal decentralisation for poverty and income inequality in Pakistan. Although, the indirect effect of fiscal decentralisation on welfare concerns, through institutional quality exhibits a fluctuating trend over time, but its average marginal effect is lower than the direct effect of fiscal decentralisation on welfare concerns. Hence, it can be perceived that the log-run welfare issues can be tackled effectively in the presence of institutional quality with a rational level of fiscal decentralisation. Also in order to reap the potential benefits of fiscal decentralisation for poverty and income inequality that has remained a catastrophe in case of Pakistan. JEL Classification: I3, 023 H53 Keywords: Fiscal Decentralisation, Welfare
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Vezbergaite, Ieva. "Decentralisation Policies, Subnational Autonomy and Federal Executive Power." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 16, no. 1 (March 9, 2016): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.16.1.2.
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Decentralisation is assumed to benefit subnational government by increasing its autonomy from central government. This paper challenges this assumption by arguing that decentralisation can have mixed effects on vertical intergovernmental relations (national-subnational). Some decentralisation policies may result in greater subnational autonomy from national government, while some decentralisation policies may paradoxically increase a subnational unit’s dependence on national government. By deconstructing decentralisation into its administrative, fiscal and political nature, and by identifying different patterns of fiscal and administrative decentralisation, the paper examines decentralisation policies in Mexico and Brazil. Although both countries have undergone decentralisation, its nature and patterns were very different and explain the different intergovernmental relations that resulted in each country. Brazil’s decentralisation led to increased subnational autonomy, while Mexico’s preserved or even increased federal executive power.
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Kristiansen, Stein, and Purwo Santoso. "Surviving decentralisation?" Health Policy 77, no. 3 (August 2006): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2005.07.013.
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Gregory, Sarah, and Jerry Smith. "Decentralisation Now." Community Development Journal 21, no. 2 (1986): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdj/21.2.101.
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Watt, Elizabeth. "Debating Decentralisation." Australian Journal of Anthropology 28, no. 1 (January 4, 2017): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/taja.12221.
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Iqbal, Nasir. "Fiscal Decentralisation, Democratic Institutions and Inflation." Pakistan Development Review 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v52i3pp.207-220.
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This study examines the role of democratic institutions in an attempt to explain the relationship between fiscal decentralisation and inflation. The empirical analysis is based on time series data over 1972–2010 for Pakistan using the GMM estimation procedure. Three different measures of fiscal decentralisation are used in order to capture multidimensionality. The major findings of the study suggest that expenditure decentralisation has a negative impact on inflation if accompanied by democratic institutions. Revenue decentralisation, however, has a negative impact on inflation even in the absence of institutions, though institutions accentuate this effect. The role of institutions, therefore, is important in realising the benefits of fiscal decentralisation. Composite decentralisation has a negative and significant impact on inflation. This implies that expenditure decentralisation becomes effective when it is complemented with revenue decentralisation. Intuitively, provincial governments become more responsive when their expenditure needs are met with their own revenues. JEL Classification: E31, H11, H72 Keywords: Fiscal Decentralisation, Inflation, Institutions, Pakistan
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Sulemana, Mohammed, and Kingsford Gyasi Amakye. "The Effectiveness of Decentralisation on Community Development in Ghana, 1990–2012." Bandung 6, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/21983534-00601003.
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The concept of decentralisation has shaped development thinking in contemporary times in both developed and developing countries. Indeed, the demand for decentralisation is strong throughout the world because of its link to community development and improving the quality of life of mass of the people in the rural areas. Decentralisation is globally recognised as the way of ensuring community participation and local development. However, some authors argue that the purported benefits of decentralisation leading to community development are not as obvious as proponents of decentralisation suggest. In Africa, decentralisation is implemented in various forms by governments across the continent. Indeed, in West Africa, it is difficult to find a country that does not have decentralisation programme. In Ghana, decentralisation has been practiced since 1988 and the populace has come to embrace it as the best way of ensuring development and local participation in governance. Nevertheless, after nearly three decades of implementing decentralisation, which has generated rather elaborate structures and processes, Ghana still struggles to realise the expected developmental progress, or achieve the envisioned structural and procedural effectiveness. This paper explores the relationship between decentralisation and community development in Sekyere Central District. Again the paper seeks to find out the contributions decentralisation has brought to the communities in Sekyere Central District and finally investigate whether decentralisation is working as it should in the district. This paper was carried out using a mixed method approach. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select all the assembly members in Sekyere Central District. Both primary and secondary data were collected from the relevant sources in an effort to meet the objectives of the study. The regression analysis of all the assembly members indicated that, the calculated value F is 28.25 at 5% alpha level of significant (0.000). It shows that there is significant relationship between decentralisation and community development.
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Slavinskaite, Neringa. "Fiscal decentralisation and economic growth: Is there a relationship?" New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 10 (January 12, 2018): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i10.3064.
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The main objective of this paper is to study the concept of fiscal decentralisation and the influence of fiscal decentralisation on economic growth in selected European Union countries during the period of 2004 – 2014. Academic interest in fiscal decentralisation began in the 1950s, when the original Tiebout (1950) article on the theory of local government management level cost created a base for never-ending debate about fiscal decentralisation effect on well-being of the country. The empirical literature analysing the influence of fiscal decentralisation on economic growth has emerged since the 1990s. The relevant studies vary as to whether they use time series, cross-sectional or panel data, as to whether they rely on singlecountry or cross-country samples, and they vary in fiscal decentralisation measures, estimation methods and sample composition. The empirical analysis was based on the method of Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) and regression analysis. The data analysis has revealed that there is a relationship between fiscal decentralisation and economic growth. Keywords: Fiscal decentralisation, economic growth, panel data.
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Babin, Mihajlo, Goran Radosavljević, Iva Ivanov, and Zorana Kostić. "Assessment of the True Origins of Fiscal Decentralisation in the Selected EU Member States." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 19, no. 3 (July 22, 2021): 569–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/19.3.569-586(2021).
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Goals and potential effects of fiscal decentralisation have been analysed in numerous scientific papers and studies. Empirical data shows different or even contradictory results of fiscal decentralisation expansion even though fiscal decentralisation is based on a solid theoretical framework. Fiscal decentralisation might have a positive impact on investment, GDP growth, quality enhancement of healthcare, education and social protection. The purpose of this paper is to provide empirical evidence whether fiscal decentralisation was primarily led by the economic or political rationale in the selected EU member states – 11 CEE and SEE countries. The EU integration process created a pressure on new member states which joined the EU between 2004 and 2013 to implement fiscal decentralisation policies. The goal of this paper is to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate whether all analysed countries followed the fiscal decentralisation path and what were the predominant reasons for fiscal recentralisation.
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Tran, Thi Mai Phuoc. "Current status of legal regulations on management decentralisation of economic in Vietnam." Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam 64, no. 10 (October 25, 2022): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31276/vjst.64(10).41-45.
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The article introduces an overview of the legal system on decentralisation of economic management in Vietnam. After analysing the limitations in the current decentralisation legal system and surveying some countries that have enacted decentralisation laws, the author proposed some suggestions to contribute to the improvement of the legal system on decentralisation of economic management in Vietnam.
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Eifeky, Fakhry, Nadia El Nemr, and Sarah Mousa. "The Theoretical Impact of Fiscal Decentralisation on National Income Inequality: Does Quality of Governance Matter?" International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues 13, no. 6 (November 11, 2023): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.15118.
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There are long arguments among scholars about whether fiscal decentralisation increases or reduces national income inequality. The optimistic scholars indicate that the efficiency-enhancing effects of fiscal decentralisation to reduce income inequality are more likely to occur in high-economic-level regions since they have inter-jurisdictional competition, accountability, and revenue mobilisation. While the pessimistic view emphasised that fiscal decentralisation might increase income inequality because of low governance quality, which offsets the potential efficiency gains of decentralisation. The finding of this paper is that fiscal decentralisation cannot be optimistic or pessimistic, but after screening the empirical studies, it is based on three trends: the structure and design of fiscal decentralisation, the level of economic development, and the level of governance as a mediator.
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Liao, Kung-Jung. "La décentralisation à Taiwan : un problème de capacité financière." Revue française d'administration publique 88, no. 1 (1998): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1998.3243.
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Decentralisation in Taiwan : the Question of Financial Capacities Taiwan's economic development has been followed by a surge in demands made by citizens at the local level. The decentralisation movement linked to the democratisation process has led to a delegation of competence from the centre in favour of local authorities. This decentralisation, however, remains largely theoretical because of the marked centralisation of financial resources. Financial decentralisation must, therefore, be the next step.
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Zimmermann-Steinhart, Petra, and Yakob Bekele. "The Implications of federalism and decentralisation on socio-economic conditions in Ethiopia." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 2 (May 25, 2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i2a2480.
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This paper analyses impacts of the federal system and the decentralisation of functions to the district level on Ethiopia's socio-economic development. Firstly we will highlight the principles of the Ethiopian federal system as well as those of the 2001/2002 decentralisation process. Secondly we will show how the decentralisation has impacted on two of the decentralised sectors, health and education, by comparing pre-federal, pre- and post-decentralisation data.In both cases an overall increase in allocated budgets and an increase in the scale of the services offered since decentralisation started in 2001 has been found. Studies also show that the increase in services is not homogenous across regional states. Within the four larger regions, strongly disadvantaged woredas at the outset of the decentralisation process have profited most, which shows that the constitutional imperative of equal access to services is being implemented. Some of the regions where decentralisation was started later have still not caught up with the other regions, a phenomenon which is mostly due to capacity deficits.The article concludes that decentralisation in combination with consistent development policies has led to an overall improvement in service delivery, while some challenges regarding quality and equity still need to be addressed.
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Ahmad, Iftikhar, Muhammad Zeeshan Arif, and Mahmood Khalid. "From Fiscal Decentralisation to Economic Growt The Role of Complementary Institutions." Pakistan Development Review 55, no. 4I-II (December 1, 2016): 761–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v55i4i-iipp.761-780.
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Decentralisation is theoretically expected to be a platform towards efficient provision of the local public goods and services. This is expected to boost economic growth due to efficient and effective utilisation of scarce fiscal resources. Nevertheless, the existing empirical studies present mixed results on this expected positive relationship among decentralisation and economic growth. Recently, the theories of fiscal federalism have also pressed upon the enabling environment for effective decentralisation; talking explicitly, an enabling institutional setup is required. The current study explores the complementarity between fiscal decentralisation and other institutions for stimulating growth and the study uses rich crosscountry panel data for the period 1984 to 2012, covering both the developing and developed countries of the world. The results suggest that positive relationship exist between fiscal decentralisation and economic growth for the developed countries while evidence was not found in the case of developing countries. Further, it was found that fiscal decentralisation and quality institutions are complementary for economic growth. JEL Classification: C22, H11, H77, O40 Keywords: Fiscal Decentralisation, Institutions, Economic Growth, Panel Data, unequally spaced panel data
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NYIKADZINO, DR TAWANDA, and PROF SHIKHA VYAS-DOORGAPERSAD. "Decentralisation and Central Government Control: Experiences from the Local Government Reform in Zimbabwe." African Journal of Governance and Development (AJGD) 11, no. 1.2 (November 3, 2022): 213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36369/2616-9045/2022/v11si2a1.
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Post-independence state-building in Africa was hinged on decentralisation reforms aimed at increasing the participation and involvement of the previously disenfranchised black majority in governance and development processes. There was a realisation that the inherited governance and development challenges could only be addressed through decentralisation. The qualitative desktop analysis of the relevant literature that was undertaken in the recent research, however, indicates that decentralisation reforms implemented by most African countries since gaining independence failed to achieve the intended results. Building on this trend, this article is guided by Falleti’s sequential theory of decentralisation and argues that the administrative, fiscal, and political decentralisation reforms implemented in Zimbabwe, rather than empowering the local people, further entrenched the central government’s grip on and control of local governments – centralisation and recentralisation through decentralisation/devolution. Authors argue that the reforms created avenues through which the central government could micromanage, whip, and sometimes, undermine local governments thereby suffocating their capacity to provide basic services. The reforms allowed the central government to deepen its patronage networks. Keywords: Centralisation, Decentralisation, Devolution, Recentralisation, Zimbabwe
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Mukrimin, Mukrimin, Lahaji Lahaji, and Andi Akifah. "Democratisation, Decentralisation and Islam: A Reflection of Two Decades of Indonesia’s Local Autonomy." Al-Ulum 18, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/au.v18i1.283.
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In Indonesia, decentralisation has emerged in the name of democratisation over the last decades. Decentralisation, politically, has significantly shaped the relationship between the central and local governments. Therefore, many have believed that the decentralisation is equivalent to the democratisation process. In this article, we attempt to answer these questions: (1) is the decentralisation compatible with consolidated democratisation in Indonesia? (2) How is “the rule by people” implemented for the sake of democracy; in other words, how local people fill these spaces? In this article, we argue that there has been a connection between democratisation process and decentralisation. However, the relationship seems to be superficial.
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Halásková, Martina, and Renata Halaskova. "Impacts of Decentralization on the Local Government Expenditures and Public Services in the EU Countries." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 12, no. 3 (May 9, 2014): 623–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/12.3.623-642(2014).
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Successful decentralisation joins public finances and fiscal authority with the responsibility for providing services with functions of local government. The paper deals with decentralisation of public administration in EU countries, focusing on fiscal decentralisation and local government expenditures, allocated for financing the requirements of local and regional sector. Attention is paid to theoretical aspects, reform tendencies, approaches and measuring fiscal decentralisation, but also to the role of local budgets when providing for public services. The research proper is concentrated on the extent of expenditure decentralisation in EU countries over the years 2001-2012 and on mutual relations of local government expenditures, seen as % of general government expenditures, and as % of GDP.
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Bhatta, Bhim Dev. "Decentralisation in Nepal." Indian Journal of Public Administration 34, no. 1 (January 1988): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119880105.
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Amoros, Moises. "Decentralisation in barcelona1." Local Government Studies 22, no. 3 (September 1996): 90–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003939608433832.
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Johnston, Jason Scott. "Disasters and Decentralisation." Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice 37, no. 2 (April 2012): 228–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/gpp.2012.13.
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Ranis, Gustav, and Frances Stewart. "Decentralisation in Indonesia." Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies 30, no. 3 (August 1994): 41–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00074919412331336677.
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Nguyen, Phuong Duy, Duc Hong Vo, Chi Minh Ho, and Anh The Vo. "Fiscal Decentralisation and Economic Growth across Provinces: New Evidence from Vietnam Using a Novel Measurement and Approach." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 12, no. 3 (September 10, 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm12030143.
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Fiscal decentralisation has attracted great attention from governments, practitioners, and international institutions with the aims of enhancing economic growth in the last 5 decades. However, satisfactorily measuring the degree of fiscal decentralisation across countries has appeared to be problematic. In addition, the link between fiscal decentralisation and economic growth across provinces has largely been ignored, in particular for emerging markets such as Vietnam. As such, this study is conducted to determine the extent of fiscal decentralisation and to assess its impact on economic growth based on data from all 63 provinces of Vietnam in the period after the 2008 financial crisis. Instead of using traditional measures of fiscal decentralisation, the study uses the Fiscal Decentralisation Index (FDI) together with the two most important and inseparable components of the index, those being (i) the Fiscal Importance (FI) and (ii) the Fiscal Autonomy (FA). The Difference Generalised Method of Moments (DGMM) is utilised to correct for the potential problem of endogeneity between fiscal decentralisation and economic growth. Results show that the two indicators (FI and FDI) have a negative impact while FA has a positive impact on economic growth across provinces. On the ground of these empirical findings, implications for specific policies have emerged for Vietnam and other emerging markets on the extent of fiscal decentralisation, and its major determinants, which positively support economic growth in the future.
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Alonso, Jose M., and Rhys Andrews. "Fiscal decentralisation and local government efficiency: Does relative deprivation matter?" Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 37, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 360–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654418784947.
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Fiscal decentralisation arguably improves government efficiency because it enhances responsiveness to local policy issues and incentivises fiscal discipline. However, critics suggest that central control over local spending is necessary to equalise fiscal outcomes between prosperous and deprived areas. Using a two-stage analysis, we investigate the validity of these arguments by analysing the separate and combined effects of fiscal decentralisation and socio-economic deprivation on the productive efficiency of English local governments during 2002–2008. The results suggest that decentralisation is positively related to productive efficiency and that there is a negative relationship between socio-economic deprivation and efficiency. Further analysis reveals that deprivation weakens the positive decentralisation–efficiency relationship, calling into question simplistic proposals for fiscal decentralisation.
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Sagbas, Isa, Huseyin Sen, and Muhsin Kar. "Fiscal Decentralisation, the Size of the Public Sector, and Economic Growth in Turkey." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 23, no. 1 (February 2005): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0421.
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The aim of this study is to examine the impact of fiscal decentralisation on the size of the public sector and economic growth in Turkey. An empirical test of the Leviathan hypothesis by using recently developed econometrical tools shows that fiscal decentralisation does not curb the growth of central government. The finding is not compatible with explanations of the efficiency benefits of greater decentralisation. An investigation of the impacts of fiscal decentralisation on economic growth by utilising time series in a framework of the production function for the period 1982–2000 and cross-section analyses on sixty-seven provinces indicates that there is a negative relationship between fiscal decentralisation and economic growth.
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Zhu, Wen, and Yilong Chen. "Fiscal Decentralisation, Economic Development, and Carbon Emissions: Empirical Analysis Based on the Provincial Static and Dynamic Panel Data." Advances in Economics and Management Research 1, no. 2 (September 24, 2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aemr.1.2.258.
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The target 'Carbon Peak' and 'Carbon Neutral' in China is a key strategic choice to promote environmental regulation and high-quality economic growth. Public finance, as the bedrock and pillar of national governance, has a significant influence on China's macroeconomics and policy execution. This paper selects provincial panel data of China from 2010 to 2019, together with a two-way fixed-effect model and a Difference-GMM model, in order to conduct an empirical analysis of the impact of fiscal decentralisation and economic development on carbon emissions. The findings reveal that fiscal decentralisation has a considerable positive impact on carbon emissions, and that economic development and carbon emissions have an inverted U-shaped connection. Furthermore, economic development may reduce fiscal decentralisation's contribution to carbon emissions. In addition, there is a dynamic lag impact associated with carbon emissions. As a result, to achieve green and low-carbon transformation in China, advanced and long-term planning is required, as well as the optimisation of local government evaluation mechanisms and the application of fiscal funds.
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Zhu, Wen, and Yilong Chen. "Fiscal Decentralisation, Economic Development, and Carbon Emissions: Empirical Analysis Based on the Provincial Static and Dynamic Panel Data." Advances in Economics and Management Research 2, no. 1 (September 24, 2022): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aemr.2.1.258.
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The target 'Carbon Peak' and 'Carbon Neutral' in China is a key strategic choice to promote environmental regulation and high-quality economic growth. Public finance, as the bedrock and pillar of national governance, has a significant influence on China's macroeconomics and policy execution. This paper selects provincial panel data of China from 2010 to 2019, together with a two-way fixed-effect model and a Difference-GMM model, in order to conduct an empirical analysis of the impact of fiscal decentralisation and economic development on carbon emissions. The findings reveal that fiscal decentralisation has a considerable positive impact on carbon emissions, and that economic development and carbon emissions have an inverted U-shaped connection. Furthermore, economic development may reduce fiscal decentralisation's contribution to carbon emissions. In addition, there is a dynamic lag impact associated with carbon emissions. As a result, to achieve green and low-carbon transformation in China, advanced and long-term planning is required, as well as the optimisation of local government evaluation mechanisms and the application of fiscal funds.
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Fobih, Nick. "Rethinking three decades of decentralisation in Ghana’s local government administration under the Fourth Republic." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 7 (August 7, 2020): 958–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.77.8737.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the successes and challenges facing Ghana’s decentralisation programme. Within the thirty years of the implementation of decentralisation in Ghana, there have been some major changes, successes, and challenges that are worth investigating to determine whether successive governments in the Fourth Republic have made significant progress in the three decades or whether there is a need to do more to strengthen the country’s decentralisation programme. The study examined different decentralisation literature to assess the performance of the country’s decentralisation programme. The methodology used is based on the qualitative approach and the descriptive method. Our findings show that regardless of the in-roads made since in the thirty years Ghana’s decentralisation programme, a myriad of challenges make its implementation complex, and its full potential impact on citizens and the local communities not realized. The significance of the study is that the outlined challenges and recommendations will inform national policy makers and the local government administrators to take Ghana’s decentralisation reforms a step further towards realizing the ultimate goals of the programme. This study further contributes toward academic discussions on decentraliaation in Ghana and Africa in general.
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Tselios, Vassilis, and Andrés Rodríguez-Pose. "Did Decentralisation Affect Citizens’ Perception of the European Union? The Impact during the Height of Decentralisation in Europe." Economies 8, no. 2 (May 10, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8020038.
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The aim of this paper is to assess the extent to which different levels of decentralisation across regions of the European Union (EU) affected citizens’ perceptions about European integration over the period 1973–2002. The paper uses Eurobarometer Surveys to explore by means of multinomial logistic regressions whether decentralisation was an important factor behind the varying perceptions about Europe. Two dimensions of decentralization—political and fiscal—are considered in the analysis, alongside several compositional and contextual effects. The results of the analysis show that fiscal decentralisation was fundamental for citizens’ support for European integration, while there is limited evidence that political decentralisation played a similar role. Hence, while fiscal decentralisation may have given prominence to the economic benefits of European integration, political decentralisation was more associated with its economic costs. Taking into account that history matters, this paper raises potentially interesting insights for the design of policies aimed at promoting social cohesion.
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Pallesen, Thomas. "The fiscal impact of decentralisation: Evidence from Danish local governments." dms – der moderne staat – Zeitschrift für Public Policy, Recht und Management 1, no. 2 (December 10, 2008): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/dms.v1i2.05.
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The influence of sub-national political entities is constitutionally sheltered in federalist states. However, decentralisation of political power from central to local government has also gained foothold in unitary states, notably in the Scandinavian countries. In Scandinavia, Denmark stands out as the most decentralised country, probably even more so than most federalist states. The article addresses the fiscal consequences of this decentralisation. On the one hand, fiscal federalist theory expects decentralisation to lead to less local spending. On the other hand, mainstream decentralisation theory as well as classic economic theory predicts that this is not necessarily so: it depends on the preferences of the local population. Thus, if there are pro spending voter attitudes, decentralisation is likely to increase local spending. The evidence from Danish local governments supports the latter interpretation of the merits of decentralisation. Local governments are not more fiscally prudent than central government, but their spending patterns are much more in line with voter than central policy maker preferences.
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Razzaq, Asif, Rabia Nazir, and Sundus Shaheen. "Decentralisation and Quality of Fiscal Management: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan." Journal of Development Policy, Research & Practice (JoDPRP) 6, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 20–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.59926/jodprp.vol06/02.
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Effective use of public resources is crucial for developing countries facing persistent deficits. Fiscal decentralisation is believed to enhance government efficiency over resource use. Therefore, the paper intends to examine the association between Pakistan’s Fiscal Decentralisation (FD) and Fiscal Management from 1988 to 2020. The authors develop a Composite Decentralisation Index (CDI) that captures the effect of both Expenditure Decentralisation (ED) and Revenue Decentralisation (RD) processes. After confirmation of stationarity through augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Philip-Peran (PP) unit roots tests, the study employs the Johansen cointegration method to draw longrun estimates. The study’s findings reveal that composite decentralisation reduces public deficit significantly - lower corruption, weaker underground economy, and smaller government size help reduce the fiscal deficit. The Error Correction Term (ECM) is also negative and significant at 1%, which confirms the speed of convergence towards longrun equilibrium in case of any shock or dis equilibrium in the short run. These study findings may help policymakers and legislatures draft effective long-term fiscal management policies.
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Nugroho, Arief Priyo, and Sri Handayani. "Call for Asymmetric Health Decentralisation in Indonesia." Jurnal Borneo Administrator 18, no. 2 (August 25, 2022): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24258/jba.v18i2.999.
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Disparities, Inequalities and inequities are still significant problems after decades of experiencing health decentralisation. This study arranges massive issues on health decentralisation to endorse improvement. The analysis offers insight into decentralisation practices in Indonesia to perform health affairs. A systematic review approach was practised to identify the Scopus database and PubMed MEDLINE from 1999 to 2020, using the terms "health" and "decentralisation." Inclusion criteria were final manuscript, full-text access, and elaborate health administration in the decentralised era. Non-journal articles and non-Indonesia research sites were applied as exclusion criteria. The study analysed 32 reports through Vosviewer tools to confirm health decentralisation trends based on word frequency mentioned in the abstract. Using Atlas.ti qualitative apps tools, the full text of the identified manuscript was analysed into the categorisation of main decentralisation issues; 1) intergovernmental relations, 2) fiscal capacity, 3) regional capacity and capability to elaborate on implementation gap, obstacles, and pros and cons of Indonesia's experience in health decentralisation. The study found that changing decentralisation patterns that mismanaged unequal distribution of health resources raises inequality issues. Second, there is conflictual relation between national and regional health administration-sandwich function caused by the unclear division of government authority. Third, the health policy necessity of a symmetrical approach to coping with regional disparities in fiscal capacity, local government capacity, and capability to provide health services, and inequity problems follow. Moreover, various specific local needs and contexts do not fit in with national health policy. In this context, an asymmetrical approach to managing health answers diverse context responses in implementing decentralisation and inequality and inequity issues.
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Ara, Iffat, and Muhammad Sabir. "Decentralisation of GST Services and Vertical Imbalances in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 49, no. 4II (December 1, 2010): 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v49i4iipp.479-495.
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It is generally believed that the 7th National Finance Commission (NFC) Award and 18th Constitutional Amendment have taken a major step towards much needed fiscal decentralisation. While these two delegate more fiscal autonomy and transfers additional resources towards provinces, it seems difficult that tax decentralisation options provided in these two can practically be implemented. This assertion is based on historical tax decentralisation debate in Pakistan, which has made it a very complex issue in management of public finances. There are arguments both in favour and against tax decentralisation in Pakistan. Its proponents argue that tax decentralisation is an important principle of governance. They generally propose three advantages of fiscal decentralisation including; preference-matching, efficiency through competition, and increased accountability. In particular, a rational assignment of taxing powers helps providing each level of government, a control over its fiscal destiny by allowing it the choice in the level of spending. It helps assuring taxpayers that they are getting what they paid for and consequently may stimulate participation and improve/increase accountability. According to Bahl (1999), fiscal decentralisation assists in revenue mobilisation, innovation in economic activity, accountability of elected officials and grassroots participation in governance. Given this, it is probable that fiscal decentralisation lead towards improved efficiency in the use of resources as the residents in the sub-national governments can decide about their desired mix of public services and revenues that best suits them.
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Birner, Regina, Sarfraz Khan Qureshi, Kamiljon Akramov, and Bilal Hassan Khan. "Voice and Votes—Does Political Decentralisation Work for the Poor and for Women? Empirical Evidence from the 2005 Local Government Elections in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 45, no. 4II (December 1, 2006): 1345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v45i4iipp.1345-1360.
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Decentralisation is associated with the hope that “bringing government closer to the people” will improve the provision of public services by increasing people’s voice in decision-making, and by making the government more accountable to them. Decentralisation is also associated with the hope that disadvantaged groups of society, including the poor and women, will have better possibilities to exercise voice at the local level. Some countries have combined decentralisation with affirmative action, for example, by reserving seats in local councils for women and other disadvantaged groups. Yet the empirical evidence regarding the impacts of decentralisation has been mixed [Bardhan (2002); von Braun and Grote (2002); Jütting, et al. (2004); Steiner (2005)]. In many cases, political decentralisation has not been associated with fiscal and administrative decentralisation, thus limiting the scope of what local governments can actually do. Building capacity at the local level and overcoming coordination problems has been another challenge. Local elite capture has been identified as a major problem that can prevent positive effects of decentralisation for the poor, especially in societies with hierarchical power structures at the local level [Bardhan (2002)]. With regard to gender, there are concerns that decentralisation—even if associated with affirmative action—will not be sufficient to overcome gender-based discrimination. Again, the empirical evidence is mixed [ADB (2004)]. Chatthobadhay and Duflo (2004) found that that women who were elected as village leaders under the reservation policy in the Indian states of West Bengal and Rajastan invested more in those public goods that more closely linked to women’s concerns, such as drinking water. Baden (1999) showed that it depends on local power structures and on the availability and competition over resources whether or not women benefit from decentralisation. In view of the mixed results, important knowledge gaps remain regarding the possibilities to promote public service provision for the poor and for women through political decentralisation and associated affirmative action.
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Kyeremeh, Alex, and Jacob Aaworb-nang Maabobr Kor. "Challenges Affecting the Implementation of Decentralisation in Public Basic Schools in Ghana." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 4 (April 14, 2022): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.94.12130.
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Educational management is a major element that produces successful educational outcomes. Over the years decentralisation has become one major policy for effective and efficient educational management in public basic schools in Ghana. Decentralisation entails the transfer of administrative and fiscal authority to the grassroot where management decisions prickly taken for effective management. This study sought to investigate challenges mitigating the implementation of decentralisation in public basic schools in Ghana. Among some key challenges faced were inadequate logistics for key stakeholders to carry out their functions. Again, there are limited support for infrastructure from both local and governmental levels. There are inadequate and delay in supply of teaching and learning materials. Delay in decision on appointments, promotions and sanction of errant staff. Political interference by government appointees also affects implementation of effective decentralisation. Difficulty in monitoring and supervise some schools due to bad roads in deprived communities also have adverse effect on the implementation of decentralisation. It was recommended devolution policy to replace the existing decentralisation policy in public basic schools for the full benefit of decentralisation. This will make it possible for major decisions like appointments, promotions and disciplinary actions taken at grassroot level instead of the centre. Logistics and TLM must get to schools on time for effective management of school.
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Stossberg, Sibylle, and Hansjörg Blöchliger. "Fiscal Decentralisation and Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 237, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 225–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2017-1108.
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Abstract Fiscal decentralisation might be partially responsible for rising income inequality by exacerbating competition between sub-national governments and compromising national government’s ability to redistribute. This paper investigates the relationship between fiscal decentralisation and economy-wide disposable income inequality. Drawing on a dataset of up to 20 OECD countries and covering the period 1996 to 2011, the analysis links a set of income inequality indicators and a wide array of fiscal decentralisation indicators. Results indicate that decentralisation might actually reduce income inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, but the effect is rather small and unstable across specifications. Fine-graining the analysis by using income percentile ratios, in turn, produces more significant and stable results. As such, the effects of fiscal decentralisation are not the same along the income distribution. While decentralisation tends to be associated with a reduction in income inequality between high incomes and the median, it is linked to a divergence of low income groups from the median, notably via sub-central tax autonomy. Transfers between levels of government also tend to be associated with an increase in the gap between lower and middle incomes. Interpreting these effects jointly, it seems that mainly middle income earners benefit from fiscal decentralisation.
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Maimela, Gloria, Xolisile Nene, Nontuthuko Mvundla, Shobna Sawry, Trudy Smith, Helen Rees, Elizabeth Kachingwe, and Matthew Chersich. "The impact of decentralising colposcopy services from tertiary-level to primary-level care in inner-city Johannesburg, South Africa: a before and after study." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e024726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024726.
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ObjectiveTo assess whether decentralising colposcopy services to a primary care facility in inner-city Johannesburg, South Africa raises access to colposcopy.DesignBefore–after study comparing 2 years before and 2 years after decentralisation, using clinical records and laboratory data on cervical cytology and histology.Primary outcomeThe proportion of all women attending Hillbrow Community Health Centre (HCHC) with an abnormal Papanikolaou (Pap) smear who had a colposcopy post-decentralisation.SettingCharlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH) has provided colposcopy services for several decades. HCHC, located about 3 km away, began colposcopy services in 2014.ParticipantsWomen, aged above 18 years, who had a colposcopy for diagnosis and treatment of precancerous cervical lesions following a Pap smear, from 2012 to 2016 at CMJAH or HCHC.ResultsPre-decentralisation at CMJAH, 910 women had colposcopy (2012–2014). Post-decentralisation (2014–2016), 721 had colposcopy at CMJAH and 399 at HCHC, the decentralised facility. The number who had a Pap smear at HCHC and then a colposcopy rose threefold post-decentralisation (114 vs 350). Post-decentralisation, 43 women at HCHC were referred to CMJAH for colposcopy, compared with 114 pre-decentralisation. Post-decentralisation, 47.3% of women at CMJAH waited >6 months for colposcopy, while 35.5% did at HCHC (p<0.001). Across all three groups, 26.9%–30.3% of women had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III lesions or carcinoma on colposcopy. The proportion of invalid specimens was similar at CMJAH and HCHC (1.8%–2.8%). Of 401 women who had an abnormal Pap smear at HCHC post-decentralisation, 267 had colposcopy (66.6%).ConclusionDecentralisation can decrease the time to colposcopy and reduce the workload of tertiary hospitals. Overall, more women accessed services. Colposcopy coverage at HCHC is higher than other sites, but could be further improved. Decentralisation did not appear to undermine the quality of services and this model could be extended to similar settings in South Africa and elsewhere.
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Amoah, Audrey Smock, Imoro Braimah, and Theresa Yaba Baah-Ennumh. "Incomplete Fiscal Decentralisation: An Impediment for Local Economic Development in Ghana." Current Research Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 4, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 90–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.4.1.09.
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For the past three decades Ghana’s democratic decentralisation policy has sought in vein to establish a local government system capable of pursuing Local Economic Development (LED). One of the major impediments has been the insincere implementation of fiscal decentralisation for the local government to provide the enabling environment for LED. This paper employed primary and secondary data from the Wassa East District Assembly (WEDA) to assess the progress so far in Ghana’s fiscal decentralisation and its effect on LED. The paper highlights the potential benefits of LED and the incapacitation of the District Assembly by the Central government for LED financing. The paper again reveals the effects of the constraints of fiscal decentralisation on LED at the local government level and makes policy recommendations towards effective fiscal decentralisation for improvement in LED.
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Xu, Jili, Huaikuan Liu, and Gengzhi Huang. "Distinctive transnational city-to-city partnerships, decentralization, and local governance of China as a Global East Country." PLOS ONE 18, no. 7 (July 21, 2023): e0288001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288001.
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Against the background of globalisation and state rescaling, promoting decentralisation and enhancing local governance capacity have become prioritised objectives of transnational city-to-city partnerships mainly between developed and developing countries. However, considering the critical debates on Global East’s uniqueness, two questions emerge when studying the transnational partnerships of Chinese cities. (1) Are Chinese cities’ partnership establishments and objectives remarkably different from the existing international body of knowledge? (2) In China, whether decentralisation and local governance are promoted by city-to-city transnational partnerships as well? To cope with the questions, this paper examines 28 Chinese world cities’ partnership establishments and objectives and reaches two conclusions. (1) With the objective of economic development, Chinese cities have consistently maintained strong connections with cities in both the developed and developing countries. (2) Chinese cities’ transnational partnerships do not observably promote decentralisation, and China’s political decentralisation is much more unstable than its economic decentralisation. Overall, both the binary partnership establishments and the dual-track decentralisation in political and economic aspects are highly embedded in China’s interstitial and transitional position as a Global East country.
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Žigienė, Gerda. "Presumptions of Decentralisation in the Context of Institutional and Political Economy." Management of Organizations: Systematic Research 80, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mosr-2018-0018.
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AbstractThe aim of the article is to discuss and distinguish the notion of decentralisation within time, institutional economics and political organisation of States, as well as the role of decentralisation in the context of those political organisations. The differences between the notions of decentralisation and federalism are differentiated in order to avoid misinterpretations of the notions.
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Seely, Jennifer C. "A political analysis of decentralisation: coopting the Tuareg threat in Mali." Journal of Modern African Studies 39, no. 3 (September 2001): 499–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0100369x.
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The decentralisation programme in Mali received a boost when municipal elections were finally held in 1998–99. This programme, initiated in 1992, is notable for its scope and the degree of autonomy extended to rural and urban communes. Given Mali's history of failed attempts at decentralisation, the current administration's commitment to the programme suggests that political motives are driving the reform. The decentralisation effort began as an attempt to placate separatist Tuareg groups in the north of Mali, and was subsequently extended to include the rest of the country. I argue that the extent of the programme, as well as the relative zeal with which it has been carried out, are products of a political strategy of cooptation on the part of President Alpha Oumar Konaré. This political analysis of decentralisation serves as a supplement to policy analyses of decentralisation in general.
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ONYALO, PAUL OTIENO. "Decentralised Governance in Kenya: Implications on Citizen Participation in Local Governance." European Journal of Behavioral Sciences 4, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ejbs.v4i4.692.
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This study sought to examine the extent to which decentralisation efforts have affected citizen participation in local governance in Kenya. A survey research design that integrated a mixed-method approach was employed to collect data. The study used Krejcie and Morgan's table to select a sample size of 371 respondents from four counties for the questionnaire instrument. The purposive sampling technique was used to select 16 interview respondents, including critical institutions and organisations in the field. The findings revealed that decentralisation influences citizen participation in local governance. 77.3% of the respondents agreed that decentralisation had promoted political entrepreneurship, while 75% contended that decentralisation had influenced citizen participation in developing policies and legislation. Moreover, 57.2% of the respondents felt that citizen participation in decentralised policy-making was high, while 69% were satisfied that decentralisation had made it possible for citizens to participate in county budgeting. However, only 49% approved the effectiveness of decentralisation in promoting citizen participation in promoting participatory budgeting and planning process. Therefore, the study recommends that the national and county governments put in place measures to safeguard the independence of the counties in realising the objective of citizen participation in local governance.
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Helmsing, A. H. J. (Bert). "Decentralisation, Enablement, and Local Governance in Low-Income Countries." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 3 (June 2002): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0040.
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Decentralisation to local governments has acquired new dimensions. These dimensions refer to delivery of basic services as well as to public or collective demands and goals. Enablement is central to new decentralisation in which the role of government is to facilitate and regulate the overall framework within which other actors can make their most effective contribution. After situating decentralisation, I explore the notion of enablement. Subsequently the concept of local-government enablement of communities is operationalised. Criteria are formulated and applied to a (nonrepresentative) sample of local governments in seven countries. It is concluded that introducing enablement in local planning is comparatively easy. However, changing regulatory, administrative and financial public decisionmaking processes is much more difficult. In the final part of the paper I examine a number of issues in the local-governance debate. Decentralisation to local government takes place in the context of decentralisation to market and to communities. Issues are identified on the supply and demand sides of governance, and on the question of embedding of government. New decentralisation raises a new class of problems, for which, as yet, few answers are available.
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Brezovnik, Boštjan. "Decentralization in theory and practice." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 6, no. 1 (September 30, 2009): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/33.
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The forms of the state order depend on legal independence / dependence of the organisational parts that make up a state, and on the legal relationships established among them. These relationships are either centralised or decentralised. It is characteristic of the state that it has central authority extending over the entire national territory. The decisions made by this authority are obligatory and binding for all population. It is particularly characteristic of the state that through its branched organisation, also non-centralised authorities are established. They extend over organisationally restricted area and their decisions are not obligatory and binding for all their residents, but only for the inhabitants of a narrower community. Of course, here is the issue of the content and scope of the non-centralised units, which is the research subject in this paper.
KEY WORDS: • decentralisation • political decentralisation • territorial decentralisation • administrative decentralisation • fiscal decentralisation • Slovenia • European Union
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Halásková, Martina, and Renata Halaskova. "Fiscal Decentralisation and Provision of Local Public Services in Selected EU Countries." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 13, no. 3 (July 31, 2015): 595–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/13.3.595-613(2015).
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Fiscal decentralisation aims to provide own financial resources or transfers from the central government for an efficient use of the original competences by local governments. This paper deals with the role of fiscal decentralisation and its impact on local public services. Rational indicators of revenue and expenditure fiscal decentralisation and selected local government expenditure are compared by public services, including the extent of decentralisation in selected EU countries. Modelling and comparison of selected EU countries is carried out through the method of multidimensional scaling according to the similarity of local government expenditure on services of social protection, healthcare, education, and recreation and culture (as % GDP) in years 2006, 2009 and 2012.
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Buček, Ján. "Sublocal Decentralisation—The Case of Slovak Big Cities." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 18, no. 1 (February 2000): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c9872.
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By means of case studies of Slovak cities, the author focuses on decentralisation processes at the local level, paying special attention to the role of local self-government during the transformation period in Central and Eastern Europe. Four main directions of sublocal decentralisation are considered: political decentralisation, managerial decentralisation, decentralisation to the so-called ‘third sector’, and decentralisation to the private or mixed sector. Cities have constituted ‘Councils in City Quarters’ as a tool for the improvement of local democracy and as an aid to more flexible local self-government. The previously state-controlled municipal sector has also been changed to a group of municipal, public – private, and private companies involved in delivery of local services, resulting in enhanced efficiency. A wide range of local functions took over the third sector—from delivery of particular services to the reconciling of many local interests. Sublocal decentralisation processes, although not yet complete, appear very promising and confirm the ability to cope with the transitional situation at the local level. An important feature is that the initial top-down control of the local level transformation has been replaced with an active and more autonomous role of local self-governments following the consolidation period. Slovak transition at the local level also documents the role of local self-government as hard to replace in the facilitation of local civil society building and highlights a need for a local democracy which is more complex in nature.
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GREER, SCOTT L. "How Does Decentralisation Affect the Welfare State? Territorial Politics and the Welfare State in the UK and US." Journal of Social Policy 39, no. 2 (September 22, 2009): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279409990407.
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AbstractThe relationship between political decentralisation and the welfare state is much studied, and large-scale studies have repeatedly found that decentralised states have less generous welfare states. How do we fit that with other studies that emphasise the potential of decentralisation to raise welfare standards? This article argues that decentralisation, as a variable, is too broad and it is more efficient to focus on the structure of veto players in the central state, intergovernmental relations and intergovernmental finance. Those are the actual mechanisms that connect decentralisation to the welfare states, and they can all vary independently of decentralisation. It uses recent changes in the United States and United Kingdom as examples. The fragmentation and average weakness of the US welfare state is mostly due to a federal government riddled with internal veto points that permits considerable interstate variation and low overall average provision, while tight central control on finances in the UK means that most variation is in the organisation, rather than levels, of social services.
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De Villiers, Bertus. "Community Government for Cultural Minorities – Thinking beyond “Territory” as a Prerequisite for Self-government." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 25, no. 4 (September 20, 2018): 561–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02503007.
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Decentralisation in its different forms is often associated with territorial governments, be it regional or local governments. There is a close correlation between decentralisation to territorial entities and the protection of minorities that live concentrated in those areas. This article challenges the presumption that decentralisation must by necessity require a territorial element. It is argued that if minorities establish corporate legal entities, various forms of decentralisation could be used to empower language, cultural and religious communities to look after their own affairs. Several case studies are referred to in order to illustrate how in practice non-territorial forms of self-government have been developed. Finally, recommendations are made for establishment of community government in different forms.