Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Decentralisation'
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Issa, Abdul-hakim Ameir. "Decentralisation in SADC countries :transformation and challenges of decentralisation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study focussed on the transformation of the institutions of local government from deconcentration, delegation to devolution. This transformation can be looked at starting with the institutions inherited from the colonial era, which started after the Berlin Conference of 1884, which divided Africa among the western powers. Then the transformation, which took place immediately after independencethat is the period of 1960s, the changes made in the 1980s and finally the transformation taking place following the multiparty democracy in the 1990s. The study looked at decentralisation during the colonial period
decentralisation after independence, with a particular focus on the institutions under a single party system
transformation of local government under multiparty system. It also examined the challenges facing decentralisation in the SADC region.
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LE, MEAU THIERRY-HENR. "La decentralisation culturelle." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA111006.
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L'etude de la decentralisation en matiere culturelle suppose que l'on fasse le point de l'action culturelle de l'etat et de la legislation existante en la matiere avant de presenter le contenu et la portee des nouvelles lois de repartition des competences du grand mouvement de la decentralisation de 1982. Posee comme un principe directeur de l'action de l'etat tournee vers la democratisation culturelle, la reforme en matiere culturelle ne vise pas a donner aux collectivites decentralisees des competences. Les collectivites locales en general, les communes en particulier, exercaient de toute facon ces competences. En revanche, et de maniere originale, elle vise plutot a developper une action de partenariat entre l'etat et les collectivites locales, qui consiste en l'elaboration de formules tendant a une definition conjointe des objectifs de l'action culturelle locale et au partage des charges. Mais les realisations ne sont pas toujours a la hauteur des principes et des objectifs affiches. Une reconnaissance de la diversite des competences exercees (alors que l'on attend un transfert de responsabilites et de ressources), un accompagnement des responsabilites (qui semble placer la culture en decentralisation surveillee), laissent subsister les problemes de l'autonomie des collectivites locales et de l'echec de la democratisation culturelleThe study of the decentralization in cultural matter implies to take stock of the cultural state's action and of the existing legislation on that matter. It must be done before setting out the content and repercussion of the new laws of sharing out of the competences of the great movement which took place in 1982. The reform in the matter of culture, stated as a guiding principal of the state's action bent towards the democratization, doesn't aim at giving to decentralized communities competences. Anyway, the local communities in general, the municipalities in particular, exercised these competences. In the other hand, and in an original way, the reform rather aims to develop an action so that the state and the local communities will become partners; this action consists in the elaboration of expressions which aims at a joint definition of the purposes of the local cultural action and of the sharing out of the costs. But the realizations are not always equal to the principals and to the planned purposes. A recognition of the diversity of exercised competences (whereas a transfer of responsabilities and of resources is expected), an accompaniement of responsabilities (which seems to set the culture in a supervised decentralization) let remain the problems of the autonomy of the local communities and of the sailure of the cultural democratization
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Mulindahabi, Charline. "Democratic decentralisation in Rwanda." University of the Western Cape, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7887.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPARwandan local government system is currently making an important turning point with the introduction of democratic decentralisation. This study was carried out in order to find out the prospects and challenges of democratic decentralisation in Rwandan context. From Rwanda's independence in 1962 up to the 1999 administrative reforms, local governments, namely communes, have largely failed in their mission of being basic development units. Democratic decentralisation was then introduced to bridge gaps and correct weaknesses that undemined local governance in the past. There are some challenges like generalised poverty in the country, the nonparticipation, and dependence syndrome among citizens that need to be overcome. However, there are also opportunities that ought to be taken advantage if democratic decentralisation is to really take root in Rwanda. The main opportunity is commitment to to democracy and decentralisation by all stakeholders, the national leadership, local authorities and citizens in general. However, democratic decentralisation cannot be attained quickly. It is achieved gradually depending on citizens' understanding and to the availability of the resources. authorities and citizens in general
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Thuriot, Fabrice. "Decentralisation culturelle et territoires." Reims, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REIMD003.
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La decentralisation implique l'attribution de competences de l'etat aux collectivites locales. Mais dans le secteur culturel, des comparaisons europeennes montrent la difficulte que rencontrent tous les pays pour repartir les competences par domaines. Une autre methode consiste a croiser les approches fonctionnelle et territoriale afin de determiner les responsabilites et les charges de chaque collectivite publique. En l'appliquant en france, on peut rechercher un meilleur amenagement et developpement culturels du territoire, a condition d'une cooperation renforcee. Il faut, d'une part poursuivre dans la voie de la contractualisation initiee par l'etat, avec les conventions de developpement culturel et les contrats de plan etat- region, en l'etendant aux collectivites locales entre elles et avec l'etat deconcentre. Il convient, d'autre part, de considerer les nouveaux partenaires et les nouveaux territoires qui emergent en vertu du principe de subsidiarite. Les autorites regionales sont devenues les relais des actions culturelles et des politiques regionales communautaires. Des cooperations interregionales et transfrontalieres peuvent alors se dessiner. Les communes, quant a elles, sont invitees a se regrouper en intercommunalites de proximite ou en reseaux, en s'appuyant sur les acteurs culturels. Les villes doivent par ailleurs prendre davantage en compte leurs quartiers et leurs peripheries urbaines et rurales. Les "pays" et les agglomerations sont peut-etre les territoires de demain, mais il faut alors distinguer l'action culturelle de proximite des politiques culturelles structurantes au moyen d'equipements et de manifestations d'envergure, en fonction de leur aire de rayonnementDecentralization implies the attribution of state power to regional and local authorities. But in the cultural sector, european comparisons show the difficulty in distributing powers according to domains of activity. Another method consists in having the functional and the territorial approaches overlap in order to determine which cultural roles and financial obligations each public authority has to assume. In applying this method to france, one can aim for a better cultural planning and development of regional and local areas, on the condition of having a reinforced cooperation. One must, on the one hand, stay on the road of establishing contracts, initiated by the government, already including planification contracts between the state and the regions and cultural development agreements with all kinds of local authorities, by extending them to contracts among themselves and with the deconcentrated state. One should, on the other hand, consider the inclusion of new partners and territorial entities that are emerging by virtue of the subsidiarity principle. Regional (state and decentralized) authorities have become intermediaries of the european union cultural actions and regional policies, that can be also transfrontier or interregional. Communes, for their part, are invited to work together as nearby neighbours or in a network, relying on their cultural actors. Furthermore, towns and cities must more intensely take into account their neighbourhoods, suburbs and rural surroundings. Geographical, cultural, economic or social subregions ("pays" in france) and metropolitan areas are perhaps the important entities of the future, but one must then distinguish the cultural actions in the proximity from the structuring cultural policies with largescale means and wide-ranging events, according to their areas of influence
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Ota, Masafumi. "Office decentralisation : London and Tokyo." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388724.
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Ben, Bachir Hassani Houssine. "Regionalisation et decentralisation au maroc." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05D003.
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Cette these se compose de deux parties. Dans la premiere partie, j'ai examine dans un premier temps les modalites de gestion des affaires locales dans la periode precoloniale et coloniale et le niveau de decentralisation actuelle. Dans un deuxieme temps, j'ai traite la question des desequilibres regionaux en abordant successivement leurs causes et leurs consequenceset les tentatives infructueuses de l'etat pour les reduire. Dans la deuxieme partie, j'ai analyse la question des reformes a engager aux niveaux local et regional dans le but d'avoir des institutions harmonieuses. Dans le cadre de l'etude des reformes politiques, j'ai avance des propositions pour le renforcement des collectivites infra-regionales et l'activation de la participation politique et economique au niveau regional. Concernant les reformes administratives et humaines, j'ai etudie les competences devant etre transferees aux regions, la question des moyens humains et materiels accordes a la region et enfin la cooperation devant etre etablie entre l'ensemble des acteurs pouvant concourir au developpement territorialThis thesis is divided in two parts. In the first part, i have examined, firstly administration's forms of local affairs during precolonial and colonial period and actuel decentralization's level. Secondly, i have studied the question regarding to regional imbalances, treating successively their causes and consequences and fruitless attempts by state to reduce them, in the second part, i have analysed the question of reforms necessary to be engaged in the local and regional level in order to acced to harmonious institutions. Concerning the question of political reforms, i have suggested some propositions for renforcing sub-regional communities and activation of political and economic participation in the regional level. Regarding administrative and human reforms, i have studied the powers which should be tansfered to the regions, the questions of human and material possibilities attributed to the region and finally the cooperation needed to be established between the whole actors capable of facilitating territorial development
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Vo, Duc Hong. "The economics of measuring fiscal decentralisation." UWA Business School, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0210.
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This thesis investigates economic aspects of the measurement of fiscal decentralisation to establish how a nation's fiscal arrangements can be consistently measured, so they can be compared internationally. A new index of fiscal decentralisation is developed that reflects two key elements of the theory of fiscal decentralisation: the fiscal autonomy of subnational governments; and their fiscal importance. The role of fiscal inequality in subnational governments' public finances is also considered. The thesis consists of nine chapters which are distinct but closely related. These nine chapters can be divided into the three
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Carbonara, Emanuela. "Control delegation and decentralisation in heirarchies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270625.
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Velásquez-Forte, Flavia. "Understanding decentralisation : the case of Chile." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5277/.
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This research is about administrative and political decentralisation processes, especially the efforts made by the Chilean state towards regional decentralisation. Thus the analysis is focused on two reforms: the creation of the Division of Planning and Development within the regional government and the direct election of regional councillors, which aims to reorganise the regional governments. Qualitative research and instrumental case study approach were used in order to develop this research. The research addresses three main topics: the understanding of decentralisation that key actors have, so that the agency according to that understanding; the scopes of the two reforms so far; and the relationship between the central state and the regions. Thus, the main findings are that Chilean decentralisation has been implemented with excessive caution and gradualism and that informal relations between key actors are essential in the creation of collaborative spaces. The research also discusses whether decentralisation is a process or a sequence of isolated events in Chile. Finally, the tension between administrative and political decentralisation is analysed in order to have a better understanding of both processes.
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Lkhagvadorj, Ariunaa. "Status quo on fiscal decentralisation in Mongolia." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1615/.
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This paper gives a review on the theoretical foundation for fiscal decentralisation and a status quo analysis of the intergovernmental relations in Mongolia. It consists of two parts. Part I briefly reviews the theories of fiscal decentralisation and its impact on the nations’ welfare considering the major challenges for a transition economy. Part II of the paper describes the general structure and scope of the government and examines the current fiscal autonomy in Mongolia focusing on the four main areas of intergovernmental relations. This paper concludes that local governments in Mongolia are still far away from having the political, administrative and fiscal autonomy. New approaches for the assignments of expenditures and revenues in Mongolia are urgently needed.
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Umaroho, Bowstock, and s3061794@student rmit edu au. "A Case for Political Decentralisation in Nigeria." RMIT University. Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080107.121116.
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This thesis examines the process of gradual political centralisation in Nigeria from the colonial period until today. It argues that since the formation of Nigeria in 1914, there has not been an effective state administrative structure in the governing of the nation. Pre-independence Nigeria (1888-1960) was characterised by a flawed structure put in place by the British colonial administration and the changes implemented by the successive military regimes and associated constitutional developments that followed independence have not changed the underlying problems established during this period. Traditional approaches to political decentralisation in developing countries generally involve delegation, devolution and deconcentration. However, the role of traditional institutions in a decentralised governance structure is not always made explicit. Rather the potential roles of traditional institutions are assumed to be part of the local administrative system (e.g. l ocal governments). As a result, they are defined as part of the governance process. This limits applicability of these models to a country as ethnically diverse as Nigeria. The central argument put forward in this thesis is that an ideal decentralised administrative system is practicable in Nigeria only if the traditional institutions actively participate in the governance of the country. However, a review of the administrative system for the period 1914-2005 shows that the powers of the traditional institutions have been eroded over time. The thesis concludes by proposing a model for decentralising the complex administrative structure of Nigeria through 'institutional reconciliation'. The model follows previous approaches, but proposes a separation of the traditional institutions from both the administrative and governmental units (federal, state and local government). The thesis argues that the legitimacy of policies undertaken by any of the government units rests on these policies being consistent with et hnic, religious and cultural beliefs. It proposes one means of putting in place such a form of 'institutional reconciliation' while highlighting the potential problems that may also result.
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Asante, Felix Ankomah. "Economic analysis of decentralisation in rural Ghana /." Frankfurt am Main [u. a.] : Lang, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/359429173.pdf.
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Carvalho, Thereza C. "Housing and decentralisation : policies, management and product." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284468.
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Haniotis, Antonios. "Essays on the decentralisation of democratic institutions." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1425/.
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This is a thesis on the political economy of decentralisation. Part one analyses the effects of fiscal and electoral decentralisation on the accountability of public officials. Chapter 2 introduces a model of repeated elections to public office. The interaction between voters and officials is seen as a principal-agent relationship. Within this framework, two potential justifications for political decentralisation are provided. It is shown that voters may strictly prefer to limit the funds they allocate to a public office by setting up more than one office (fiscal decentralisation). A smaller budget implies a stronger incentive for the officeholder to try to be re-elected. The second argument for political decentralisation is that splitting up the electorate into homogeneous jurisdictions (electoral decentralisation) implies that the voters will tend to have more control over the use of public funds by the officials. Chapter 3 introduces asymmetric information into the model. Officeholders are assumed to have better knowledge of the technological conditions under which public funds are provided. Asymmetric information gives rise to an information rent for the officials. Total information rents can be limited by having more than one bureau and the voters using relative performance evaluation for their re-election decisions (=electoral yardstick competition). It is also shown that fiscal decentralisadon can be beneficial to the voters, if they are better informed about the local rather than the federal conditions of public goods provision. Part two studies the political economy of the transition from a collectivist economy to a market economy. Chapter 4 develops a general equilibrium model of income distribution and risk-taking. The formation of entrepreneurial and working classes as well as the allocation of talent are derived endogenously. In a market economy, no insurance can be provided due to the non-observability of output (and employment) in private firms. The more able and the less risk averse individuals tend to become entrepreneurs. Inefficiencies arise due to insufficient risk-taking. A different (second-best) balance is reached in a collectivist economy where output is shared equally. In this case, non-observability implies that workers will not reveal their talent and managers will not reveal the productivity of their plant. It is shown that either of the two systems may overall dominate the other in terms of the majority criterion or even the Pareto criterion. Different forms of transition from collectivist to market-based production are considered. A total (or "big bang") reform is viewed as the collectivist sector being closed down completely and all individuals having to move to the competitive sector. Gradual reform is viewed as the free migration of individuals between the collectivist sector and the competitive sector. This leads, in general, to a dual economy. A majority of individuals may want to leave the traditional sector to try their luck in the modem sector and, therefore, vote for reform. Despite this, under both gradual and total reforms, a majority of individuals may ex post regret the changes and vote for a return to the collectivist system. It is also shown that the majority choice between total reform, gradual reform and no reform is always transitive. Moreover, gradual reform is never the most preferred option for the majority. These results may be useful for interpreting some of the developments in the economies in transition.
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Roy, Graeme D. "Essays in fiscal decentralisation and fiscal consolidation." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4194/.
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James, Robert C. "Rural Ugandan economies : livelihoods, institutions and decentralisation." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423783.
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Samsudin, Salfarina. "Decentralisation and governance in land administration systems." Thesis, Ulster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625474.
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Land administration is a complex process and it is often associated with decentralisation. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the importance of decentralisation governance in land administration systems. At present, there are no standardized frameworks available to assess and compare the consequence of the systems put in place. This is an extremely important area and considered necessary to determine the relative effectiveness of decentralised land administration systems and associated governance arrangements that might affect the performance of the delivery of services. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a framework to carry out such an assessment of performance, which is important to prove the impact of decentralisation on governance. This will allow strategic assessment framework to be formulated to help ensure more appropriate decentralisation governance in land administration system throughout developing countries in the future. This study is probably the first to systematically determine the principles and variables for decentralised land administration governance assessment. The conceptual framework was developed first, and then an empirical analysis by using mixed method approach was conducted. Data to undertake this study was obtained from survey with land administration experts (quantitative phase) and follow by interview of decentralised land administration stakeholders (qualitative phase) in the case studies. In the first phase, the perceptions of land administration experts were evaluated, which highlights the key principles and variables for assessing decentralised land administration governance. The results suggest that the principles can be grouped as relating to transparency, efficiency and effectiveness; sustainability; responsiveness; clarity and simplicity; security and stability; and consistency and impartiality. The six factors demonstrated strong validity and reliability. Then, the developed assessment framework was tested at the second phase with two case studies in the states of Johor and Sarawak in Malaysia in order to assess their respective decentralised land administration governance practices. The results from interviews confirmed the applicability of the principles enabled testing of the assessment framework in the context of specific case studies. Finally, the analysis then identified potential lesson drawing from the case studies to provide strategic framework for assessing decentralised land administration systems.
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Kyei, Peter Ohene. "Decentralisation and poverty alleviation in rural Ghana." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1492/.
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Fabre, Alibert Véronique. "La decentralisation et les services publics culturels." Reims, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REIMD002.
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Malgre une mise en oeuvre et un champ d'application limites, la decentralisation culturelle institutionnelle engagee depuis 1986 suscite une nouvelle dynamique de l'action culturelle des collectivites territoriales. Cette derniere se traduit par un accroissement des responsabilites et des initiatives des communes des departements et des regions. Neanmoins, les interventions culturelles des collectivites locales supposent que des moyens materiels, humains soient effectivement enga-ges. Pour autant, la reussite de la decentralisation exige une nouvelle logique d'intervention des collectivites publiques qui reside tout a la fois dans le developpement d'une cooperation inter-institutionnelle et dans le redeploiement des missions de l'etatThe 22 july 1983's statute organizes a limited decentralization as regards the cultural public services in france. However, this institutional change in local government gives rise to a new movement in cultural action. To be success full this reform needs a general partnership between all the local authorities as well as a new concept of the state's functions in this matter
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Ahmed-Ouamer, Houria. "Unite de l'etat et decentralisation en algerie." Paris 12, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA122005.
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La decentralisation comme procede technique d'organisation administrative est le produit historique de l'etat moderne; or pour des raisons historiques particulieres, l'etat algerien n'est pas parvenu a son stade d'achevement de domination d'une classe sur la "societe civile". Et la politique de decentralisation de l'etat algerien independant est concue comme un moyen technique rationnel de modernisation de l'etat pour une meilleure stabilite fonctionnelle administrative et en vue d'un renforcement de son unite politique mais pour des raisons historiques et pratiques, la politique de decentralisation demeure inachevee ou en projet que traduisent des decalages entre les principes politiques et les textes juridiques, et entre la theorie et la realite de la decentralisationDecentralization as technical process of the administrative organization is historical product of the modern state; but for particular historical reasons, the algerian state don't reach completion plase of domination of one class on "civil society". And the political of the decentralization of independent state is conceived as rational technical way of modernisation of the state for better functional stability administrative in order to strengthen the political unity. Also for historical and practical reasons, the political of the decentralization remain unfinished or as project that translate staggerings between politicals principles and legals texts, and between the theory and the reality of decentralization
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DJENINA, AMOR. "Decentralisation des decisions economiques en economie planifiee." Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN0500.
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Domanski, Maria Aleksandra. "Decentralisation and the water sector : institutional perspectives." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010078.
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Cette thèse analyse le rôle que la décentralisation joue dans le secteur de l’eau, dans une perspective de la nouvelle économie institutionnelle. Après avoir identifié plusieurs facettes pertinentes de la décentralisation, notamment la décentralisation institutionnelle, sectorielle, économique et organisationnelle, la réflexion se structure autour de quatre grands thèmes, en appliquant une vue macro-, c’est-à-dire tournée vers l’environnement institutionnel, et microscopique, tournée vers les arrangements institutionnels. Premièrement, en se servant du récent concept des micro-institutions pour l’analyse du cadre de la régulation, nous analysons la question sous-explorée de savoir comment l’environnement institutionnel est transmis à des niveaux inférieurs de prise de décision. Nous observons en effet qu’à l’échelle des bassins versants, des micro-institutions peuvent apparaître en réponse à l’échec des niveaux de gouvernement d’adresser certaines problématiques. Cela confirme l’idée que les spécificités sectorielles doivent être prises en compte pour toute réforme. Deuxièmement, nous choisissons d’aborder la question de l’influence du modèle de régulation (centralisé ou décentralisé) sur la corruption, sous un nouvel angle de vue : Plutôt que de débattre de la supériorité d’un modèle sur l’autre, nous examinons les micro-institutions qui permettent en pratique de comprendre comment les agents économiques se coordonnent. C’est à ce niveau que se révèlent les risques de corruption. Troisièmement, nous nous intéressons à l’effet de la décentralisation sur les choix des modes d’organisation. Nous montrons, à l’aide d’une application économétrique du concept récent de la cohérence, la pertinence de la proposition selon laquelle les infrastructures de l’eau impliquent des actifs critiques, notamment les réseaux de transmission et de distribution, qui nécessitent une coordination étroite. Cela résulte dans des structures de gouvernance avec des droits de décision fortement centralisés. Quatrièmement, la décentralisation comprend aussi un aspect dynamique. Cet aspect concerne la réforme des infrastructures et leur libéralisation et implique des changements des modes d’organisation et de la distribution des droits de décision. Nous montrons que du fait de la combinaison de plusieurs spécificités de la provision d’eau potable, tel que la nature monopolistique des services d’eau, la libéralisation dans ce secteur reste marginale tandis que le contrôle public a plutôt tendance à s’intensifier qu’à se réduire. Cette thèse, appliquée au cas des infrastructures d’eau potable et d’assainissement, peut être considérée comme une contribution aux interrogations sur l’interaction et la coordination des agents économiques qui agissent dans des environnements et arrangements institutionnels décentralisés. En insistant sur le rôle de la prise de décision, des outils originaux, tels que les micro-institutions, sont avancés pour élucider ces questionsThe present thesis analyses the role decentralisation plays in the water sector in the perspective of new institutional economics. After identifying several relevant aspects of decentralisation, namely its institutional, sectoral, economic, and organisational ones, the reflexion on the topic revolves around four big themes, applying macro- and micro-views, i.e. at the level of the institutional environment and institutional arrangements respectively. Firstly, by applying the recent concept of micro-institutions to the analysis of regulatory settings, we are able to provide new insights into the under-explored question of how the institutional environment translates into lower levels of decision-making. Also, regulation is found to be dictated by sectoral characteristics that lead to regulatory micro-institutions at the river basin levels if government tiers are unable to address certain issues. This stresses the necessity to take sector specificities into account in any type of reform. Secondly, the much debated question on whether regulatory settings should be centralised or decentralised to lower corruption is misguided. Rather, the concrete micro-institutional setting must be examined in order to understand how the interaction of economic actors is coordinated. These coordination mechanisms reveal the risks of corruption. Thirdly, in a micro-perspective, the question of decentralisation also relates to the choice of modes of organisation. An econometric application of the recent coherence framework corroborates the view that water infrastructures involve critical assets, namely the transmission and distribution networks, which require tight coordination and therefore governance structures with highly centralised decision-rights. Fourthly, decentralisation also has a dynamic aspect. This is relevant to infrastructure reform and liberalisation which involves changes both in modes of organisation and in the distribution of decision-rights. The water sector is found to combine several characteristics which create the expectation that liberalisation will remain very low in this sector with public control rather in- than decreasing. This PhD thesis, applied to water utilities, can be seen as a contribution to the questions of how economic agents interact and coordinate in decentralised institutional environments and arrangements. By insisting on the role of decision-making, original tools, such as the concept of micro-institutions, are put forward in order to shed light on these issues
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ZAHAB, YOUNES. "La question de la decentralisation en syrie." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN0004.
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Notre etude sur la question de la decentralisation administrative en syrie comprend trois parties dont la premiere est preliminaire. Dans la partie preliminaire, nous avons voulu tracer les fondements historiques de la decentralisation en etudiant l'organisation administrative de la syrie sous l'empire ottoman, sous l'emir faycal et enfin sous le regime du mandat francais. La premiere partie est consacree a l'etude de l'organisation administrative des collectivites locales dans le cadre de la loi no 496 du 21 decembre 1957. Dans la seconde partie, nous avons developpe en premier titre l'administration municipale dont les regles d'organisation sont contenues dans la loi no 172 du 23 janvier 1956 relative aux municipalites et dans le deuxieme titre nous avons etudie le controle administratifMy study on administrative decentralisation in syria is composed of three parts of which the first is a basic introduction to the subject. In this preliminary part therefore, i have attempted to trace the historical background to this process of decentralisation by studying the administrative organisation of syria under the ottoman empire, under the rule of the emir faycal and finally as a territory under french mandate. The first part then is devoted to the study of the administrative division of syria into local communities in accordance with the law of the 21st december 1957, section 496. In the second part, i have expanded, in the first section, wyon municipal administration in accordance with the law of the 23rd january, 1956, section 172 which sets out the rules relating to the organization of municipalities. In the second section, i have studied administrative control
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Lapointe, Simon. "Four Essays on Fiscal Decentralisation and Secessions." Thesis, Avignon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AVIG2054/document.
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Entre 1945 et 2008, le nombre de pays reconnus internationalement a augmenté de 74 à 193 (Spolaore, 2008). Plus récemment, plusieurs pays ont vécu une vague croissante de décentralisation. Dans les pays de l’OCDE, par exemple, le nombre de gouvernements infranationaux a atteint 140 000 en 2014. De plus, ces gouvernements infranationaux ont une influence croissante dans ces pays (OCDE, 2014). Compte tenu de ces tendances vers une décentralisation croissante, cette thèse étudie deux aspects de celle-ci : la concurrence fiscale, et le choix endogène des frontières. En matière de concurrence fiscale, cette thèse étudie la mise aux enchères de nouveaux investissements par une firme à plusieurs établissements. Le but de cette analyse est d’étudier le comportement stratégique de la firme dans ce type de concurrence. En effet, contrairement à la littérature déjà existante qui ne considère que des firmes qui ne produisent qu’en un endroit, le premier chapitre de thèse montre que la firme peut modifier l’allocation de ses investissements en les différenciant, pour attirer des subsides plus élevés. Dans le deuxième chapitre, la thèse étudie comment l’ajout de coûts en infrastructure pour les régions avant la mise aux enchères affecte la concurrence entre les régions ainsi que le comportement de la firme. En matière de choix endogène des frontières, cette thèse fournit deux analyses: une empirique, et une expérimentale. Dans le troisième chapitre, la thèse étudie la décision d’électeurs dans 213 villes du Québec de quitter une fusion municipale qui leur fût imposée quelques années auparavant. L’analyse révèle que les électeurs choisissent de faire sécession d’autant plus quand les différences de revenus et de langue entre leur ville et les autres villes dans la même fusion sont plus élevées. L’analyse révèle aussi que ces deux facteurs ne sont pas indépendants. En effet, les différences de revenus ont un effet plus prononcé sur le vote sécessionniste lorsque les différences de langue sont aussi élevées. Étant donné l’importance de la langue comme groupe ethno-linguistique au Québec, les résultats de ce chapitre suggèrent que le choix des électeurs est sensible aux différences ethniques, et non seulement à des différences de goût pour les biens publics, comme suggéré par Alesina, Baqir et Hoxby (2004). Finalement, le dernier chapitre présente les résultats d’un expérience en laboratoire sur le lien entre décentralisation et sécession. La littérature sur le sujet suggère l’existence de deux effets contradictoires. La décentralisation pourrait permettre de contrer les mouvements de sécession en permettant aux régions de prendre plus de décisions à un niveau local, mais pourrait aussi fournir des ressources supplémentaires aux mouvements sécessionnistes, ce qui renforcerait les tendances vers la séparation. Les résultats de l’expérience montre que l’effet total de la décentralisation est de diminuer la probabilité de votes pour la sécessionBetween 1945 and 2008, the number of internationally-recognised countries grew from 74 to 193 (Spolaore, 2008). More recently, many countries experienced increasing decentralisation. In OECD countries, for example, the number of sub-national governments reached 140,000 in 2014. Moreover, these sub-national governments have an increasing influence in these countries (OECD, 2014). Given these trends towards an increasing decentralisation, this thesis studies two aspects of it: fiscal competition, and the endogenous choice of borders. In terms of fiscal competition, this thesis studies the competition between regional governments to attract one of a firm's new plants. The goal of this analysis is to study the strategic behaviour of the firm in such competitions or location contests. Indeed, in contrast to the existing literature on the subject that considers only firms producing in a single location, the first chapter of this thesis shows that the firm can modify its allocation of production across sites by differentiating the plants, thus attracting larger subsidies. In the second chapter, this thesis studies how the addition of prior investment in infrastructure by the regions before the location contest affects both the competition between the regions, and the behaviour of the firm. In terms of endogenous border choice, this thesis provides two analyses: one empirical and one experimental. In the third chapter, this thesis studies the decision of voters in 213 cities of Quebec to secede from a municipal merger that was imposed to them a few years earlier. The analysis reveals that voters choose secession more when the language and income differences between their own town and the other towns in the same merger are larger. The analysis also reveals that these two effects are not independent. Indeed, income differences have a larger effect when language differences are also large. Given the importance of language differences in the formation of ethnic groups in Quebec, these results suggest that the choice of voters is sensitive to ethnic differences, and not only to differences in preferences for public goods, as suggested by Alesina, Baqir, and Hoxby (2004). Finally, the last chapter presents the results of a laboratory experiment on the relationship between decentralisation and secession. The literature on the subject suggests the existence of two opposite effects. Decentralisation could quell secessionist movements by giving regions more liberty to take their own public goods decisions, but could also provide additional ressources to secessionist movements, which would reinforce secessionist movements. The results of the experiment show that the total effect of decentralisation is to decrease to probability of votes for secession
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Carr, Christopher Alan. "Towards fairness and decentralisation in modern cryptocurrencies." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/130876/1/Christopher%20Alan_Carr_Thesis.pdf.
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The thesis examines and improves upon the properties of both fairness and decentralisation in modern cryptocurrencies, re-examining public key infrastructure, client puzzles and useful proofs of work in the blockchain context. The thesis also develops a framework construction for a novel directed-acyclic-graph-based cryptocurrency scheme. This framework represents a major result, being both the first academic and practically realisable proposal for using directed acyclic graphs in decentralised cryptocurrencies.
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Borneskog, Annalinn. "Decentralisation in Babati : A case study on the impact of decentralisation on health service delivery in a Tanzanian city." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Life Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3755.
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Kerr, Guillemette. "EU accession and decentralisation in the Czech Republic." St. Gallen, 2005. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/04603817001/$FILE/04603817001.pdf.
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Sperfeld, Robert. "Decentralisation and establishment of local government in Lesotho." Master's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/1086/.
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This diploma thesis deals with the process of political and administrative decentralisation in the Kingdom of Lesotho. Although decentralization in itself does not automatically lead to development it became an integral part of reform processes in many developing countries. Governments and international donors consider efficient decentralized political and administrative structures as essential elements of “good governance” and a prerequisite for structural poverty alleviation. This paper seeks to analyse how the given decentralization strategy and its implementation is affecting different features of good governance in the case of Lesotho.
The results of the analysis confirm that the decentralisation process significantly improved political participation of the local population. However, the second objective of enhancing efficiency through decentralisation was not achieved. To the contrary, in the institutional design of the newly created local authorities and in the civil service recruitment policy efficiency considerations did not matter. Additionally, the created mechanisms for political participation generate relevant costs. Thus it is impossible to judge unambiguously on the contribution of decentralisation to the achievement of good governance. Different subtargets of good governance are influenced contrarily. Consequently, the adequacy of the concept of good governance as a guiding concept for decentralisation policies can be questioned. The assessment of the success of decentralisation policies requires a normative framework that takes into account the relations between both participation and efficiency.
Despite the partly reduced administrative efficiency the author’s overall impression of the decentralisation process in Lesotho is positive. The establishment of democratically legitimised and participatory local governments justifies certain additional expenditure. However, mistakes in the design and the implementation of the decentralisation strategy would have been avoidable.
Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit dem Prozess der politischen und administrativen Dezentralisierung im Königreich Lesotho, einem Entwicklungsland im Südlichen Afrika. Orientierung für die Dezentralisierungsstrategie bietet das in der internationalen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit anerkannte Leitbild der „Good Governance“. Die Arbeit untersucht, wie die Umsetzung der Dezentralisierung im Falle Lesothos konkret zur Annäherung an das Leitbild der Good Governance beiträgt.
Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass sich die Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten der Bevölkerung an den lokalen politischen Prozessen durch die Dezentralisierung erheblich verbessert haben. Das gleichzeitig verfolgte Ziel, durch dezentrale Strukturen die Effizienz zu steigern, konnte nicht erreicht werden. Es ist, im Gegenteil, von geringerer Effizienz auszugehen. Grund hierfür sind sowohl die Kosten der Partizipation, als auch ein institutionelles Design und eine Personalpolitik, die Effizienzgesichtspunkte weitgehend vernachlässigen. Ein pauschales Urteil, ob der Dezentralisierungsprozess in Lesotho Good Governance befördert, ist somit nicht möglich. Die Auswirkungen auf verschiedene Unterziele von Good Governance sind sowohl positiv als auch negativ. Damit zeigt sich, dass Good Governance im Falle Lesothos nur bedingt als Leitbild und Zielsystem für Dezentralisierung geeignet ist. Um den Erfolg der Dezentralisierung einzuschätzen ist ein normativer Rahmen erforderlich, der die Beziehung beider Ziele nicht ausblendet.
Der Autor plädiert im Falle Lesothos für eine bedingt positive Gesamteinschätzung des Dezentralisierungsprozesses, trotz der verringerten Effizienz. Der Aufbau von demokratisch legitimierten und beteiligungsintensiven kommunalen Strukturen rechtfertigt bestimmte Aufwendungen. Fehler bei Planung und Umsetzung der Dezentralisierungsstrategie wären jedoch vermeidbar gewesen.
29
Lowndes, Vivien. "Local government decentralisation : a study of institutional change." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1994. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21279.
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The thesis analyses local government decentralisation as a process of institutional change. It is based on a case study of decentralisation in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets (1986-1990). Drawing on 'new institutionalist' theory, the thesis develops a new approach to understanding local government decentralisation. It provides analternative to accounts which concentrate on identifying the 'pros and cons' of decentralisation. It examines the capacity of decentralisation to secure change in the underlying institutional framework of local governance. The thesis develops a conceptual framework depicting four stages of an institutional lifecycle: creation, recognition, maintenance and collapse. The framework maps the interaction of formal and informal institutional rules, and the relative significance of strategic action and norm-governed behaviour in institutional change. The conceptual framework is used to analyse local government decentralisation in Tower Hamlets. The thesis shows that decentralisation arose out of the collapse of old institutional rules, under the influence of dominant informal institutions in the locality. It explores how, through strategic action and the 'embedding' of new norms of behaviour, a new institutional framework was established through decentralisation. It also considers the ambiguous and contested nature of institutional change; in maintaining an institutional framework over time, rules are reinterpreted and modified. The thesis makes a conceptual and empirical contribution to understanding institutional change in general, and local government decentralisation in particular.
30
Hijino, Ken Victor Leonard. "Decentralisation without democracy : assembly failure in Japanese municipalities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608404.
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Manda, P. M. M. "The decentralisation of government in Zambia since independance." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234024.
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Mutagoma, Paul. "Decentralisation for community development - a Rwanda Case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21685.
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Thesis (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A community-centred development which can be qualified as authentic development leads to the sustainability of the community. This must be understood as a process of economic, political and social change springing from the efforts of people themselves working for the benefit of themselves, their families and, hopefully, their communities, which process can be referred to as a self-reliant participatory development. This calls for active mutual self-help among people working together in their common struggle, at the grassroots level, to deal with their common problems. It is also acknowledged that if development efforts are to be effective, then the participation of problem-affected groups is necessary, with support from local government, NGO’s, local resource people and donors, willing to live and work among them. The success of this self-reliant participatory development approach accompanied by inner conviction, a shared understanding, and awareness or consciousness-awakening that people have of their common problems, and finding ways of mobilising resources, planning, implementing and eventually controlling their own development activities. Against this background, however, the roles of government as well as of NGOs, in fighting against poverty and social transformation that leads to the development of the community, remain indispensable. Government roles should be enabling and supportive, and create a space for communities’ needs. This study aimed to explore the decentralisation process to boost the community efforts towards participation in local development management. As the public participation processes in local government do not yield the outcomes that reveal a fully optimised process, the role of the community developer is merely to create an environment of freedom within which the latent development potential of the community can bloom (Schutte, 2000:5). This Rwandan case study offers an overview of its decentralisation and community development policies. The literature review provides the definitions of key concepts regarding the topic, in both the international context as well as Rwandan context. It discusses the topic and highlights definition, objective, different forms of decentralisation, community development and its delivery framework. The findings show that community development depends on the political will that establishes effective and favourable institutions to sustain the self-reliance of the community as well as the awareness of the community of its daily problems and its participation in planning and implementing solutions. The SWOT analysis provides a situation from which to adopt new alternatives and strengthen the existing one in order to face challenges.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gemeenskapgesentreerde ontwikkeling wat kwalifiseer as oorspronklike ontwikkeling, lei tot die volhoudbaarheid van die gemeenskap. Dit moet gesien word as ‘n proses van ekonomiese, politieke en sosiale verandering wat sy oorsprong het in die pogings van die mense self, wat werk tot voordeel van hulself, hulle gesinne, en hopelik hulle gemeenskappe. Hierdie proses kan na verwys word as selfstandige deelnemende ontwikkeling. Dit vereis aktiewe, onderlinge selfhulp waar mense saamwerk en saamstreef op voetsoolvlak, om hulle gemeenskaplike probleme te oorkom. Daar word ook erken dat om doeltreffend te wees, die deelname van die voordeeltrekkers nodig is, met die ondersteuning van plaaslike regering, Nie-Regerings Organisasies (NGOs), plaaslike kundiges en donateure wat gewillig is om tussen die mense te woon en te werk. Om die sukses van hierdie deelnemende ontwikkelingsbenadering te verseker, moet dit gesteun word deur innerlike oortuiging, ‘n gesamentlike siening, en die bewuswording van die mense self van hulle gesamentlike probleme. Hulle moet maniere vind om hulle hulpbronne te mobiliseer, om te beplan, die planne te implementeer en uiteindelik om hulle eie ontwikkelingsaktiwiteite te beheer. Teen hierdie agtergrond, egter, is die rolle van die regering en die nie-regerings organisasies in die stryd teen armoede onontbeerlik en is dit nodig om sosiale transformasie wat kan lei tot die ontwikkeling van die gemeenskap, te bewerkstellig. Die regering se rol is om die gemeenskap te bekwaam en te ondersteun, en om spasie te skep vir die vervulling van die gemeenskap se behoeftes. In hierdie studie word die desentralisasieproses wat die gemeenskap se pogings tot deelname in plaaslike bestuur bevorder, ondersoek. Aangesien die uitkomste van publieke deelname prosesse in plaaslike regering nog nie ten volle geoptimaliseer is nie, moet die gemeenskapontwikkelaar ‘n omgewing skep waarin die latente ontwikkelingspotensiaal van die gemeenskap vryelik kan blom (Schutte, 2000:5). Hierdie Rwandese gevallestudie bied ‘n oorsig van die desentralisasie en gemeenskapsontwikkeling beleid in Rwanda. Definisies van sleutelkonsepte rakende die onderwerp, in beide die internasionale konteks en die Rwandese konteks word in die literatuuroorsig verskaf. Die onderwerp word bespreek en die definisie, doelwit, verskillende vorme van desentralisasie, gemeenskapontwikkeling en die raamwerk waarbinne dit moet plaasvind, word beklemtoon. Die bevindinge toon dat gemeenskapsontwikkeling afhang van die politieke wil om doeltreffende instansies te skep vir gemeenskappe wat op hulleself kan steun en wat bewus is van hulle daaglikse probleme asook hoe hulle moet deelneem in die beplanning en implementering van oplossings. Die SWOT ontleding verskaf ‘n situasie waaruit nuwe oplossings kan ontstaan en bestaande oplossings versterk kan word, om sodoende nuwe uitdagings tegemoet te gaan.
33
Gjika, Aida. "Fiscal decentralisation and economic growth in transition economies." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2018. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/4924/.
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Since the collapse of the communist system, transition economies (TEs) have witnessed significant growth in fiscal decentralisation (FD). In order to meet the needs of the new decentralised system and adapt to new political changes such as the EU accession, these countries started to reform their governance system by devolving greater power to subnational governments. The ongoing intergovernmental fiscal relations and territorial reforms during these twenty-eight years of transition have demonstrated that decentralisation in general, and FD in particular, is an ongoing process, continually evolving and contributing to democracy, economic efficiency and ultimately economic development (Bird, 1993; Bird et al., 1995). Given the variation in FD during transition and the attention it has received especially amongst developed TEs, this dissertation aims to assess the relationship between FD and economic growth in the context of the transition process. First, it contributes to the current theoretical literature by critically reviewing the existing theories on this relationship and exploring new potential (direct and indirect) channels of transmission from FD to economic performance. Also, this thesis contributes to the current empirical literature on FD by providing an empirical investigation of the impact of FD on economic growth for selected transition economies, taking into account the relevance of important factors such as the level of analysis (national vs subnational levels), the stage of economic transition, the geographical location and the size of countries - factors that have not been sufficiently investigated in previous studies. The previous empirical studies were unable to provide conclusive evidence concerning the impact of FD on economic performance. By shedding light on the factors that contribute to the FDeconomic growth relationship and using statistical methods that are appropriate to the analysis of this relationship, this thesis provides some explanation for the inconclusive nature of previous studies. Using data for TEs in Europe and the former Soviet Union, the empirical results suggest that the economic effects of FD are sensitive to the FD measures used and, more importantly, to the economic and institutional reforms implemented in these countries. The thesis shows that while FD may have an insignificant effect on countries in early stages of transition, it can be employed with beneficial effects by countries at relatively advanced stages of transition. In this sense, this thesis confirms the theoretical claim, ignored up to now, that FD is a “normal good”. Exploring the FD-economic growth relationship on a more homogenous dataset and at subnational level, this thesis concludes that the economic effect of FD is more visible at regional level, while being moderated by the country size and other characteristics of countries involved. The empirical evidence has potentially useful policy implications for the ongoing decentralisation reforms in transition economies.
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Barnett, Edward. "Education quality in Malawi : what role for decentralisation?" Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3746/.
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Contested, multi-faceted and conceptually confused, the relationship between decentralisation and education quality is not well understood. In this thesis, I use qualitative and quantitative methods to undertake an empirical exploration of decentralisation, education quality and the relationship between them in the context of Malawi. Through semi-structured interviews, I first consider how different actors within Malawi understand decentralisation and its implementation. I find that despite stalled democratic decentralisation, a new school-based management reform (the Primary School Improvement Programme) has gone ahead, financed mainly by international donors. Whilst the reform is welcomed by communities, it fails to counter the continued pressures to centralise power by Malawi’s ruling class. To understand if education decentralisation can lead to positive outcomes despite resistance to broader decentralisation reform, I investigate the effect of the Primary School Improvement Programme (PSIP) on pre-defined indicators of education quality. Exploiting its staggered national roll out and using standard difference-in-difference estimation, I find that the PSIP improves exam pass rates, reduces school dropout and increases the availability of toilets for girls. Put simply, these findings suggest that the PSIP ‘works’, although the reliability and validity of Malawi’s school census data is questionable. Finally, I turn to a deeper examination of education quality and its relationship with the PSIP through four case study schools. I find that the PSIP impact on schools is varied; while it creates the opportunity for schools and communities to work together towards school improvement, it also fosters suspicion about the management of school grants and tension over what to prioritise to improve education quality. Parents, community members and teachers are more likely to understand education quality in terms of quantity (classrooms, learning materials, numbers of students passing exams) while policymakers are more concerned with the acquisition of skills. This disconnect undermines the coherence and alignment of the reform. Making an original theoretical contribution, I show that there is a two-way relationship between decentralisation and education quality with implications for policy.
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Jaricha, Desmond Tichaona. "Land redistribution and state decentralisation in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013120.
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South Africa is a new democracy that has had to deal with many historical remnants of apartheid. One of the main remnants has been land dispossession and massive inequalities along racial lines of access to land for agricultural purposes. In countering this, the post-apartheid state has pursued land redistribution programmes since the end of apartheid in 1994, as part of a broader land reform project. Simultaneously, post-apartheid South Africa has been marked by significant state restructuring notably a process of state de-centralisation including the positioning of municipalities as development agents. Amongst other goals, this is designed to democratise the state given the authoritarian and exclusive character of the apartheid state, and thereby to democratise development initiatives and programmes. Land redistribution and state decentralisation in South Africa are different political processes with their own specific dynamics. They have though become interlinked and intertwined but not necessarily in a coherent and integrated manner. Within broader global developments pertaining to state decentralisation and land redistribution, the thesis examines the complex relations between these two processes in South Africa. In particular, I analyse critically the decentralised character of the land redistribution programme in South Africa. In order to concretise and illustrate key themes and points, I discuss a particular land redistribution project called Masizakhe located in Makana Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province.
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Heinz, Pierre. "Communication, decentralisation et politique locale : une approche regionale." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR20027.
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Les techniques de communication se sont imposees comme des outils au service de strategies, notamment dans l'espace politique. Les elus locaux se presentent quant a eux comme des federateurs d'identites locales. Celles-ci sont construites, et resultent d'une elaboration sociale qu'il fallait retrouver. Le travail propose analyse ces processus, en meme temps que les modalites de construction d'image de la region alsace. La recherche s'attache ainsi simultanement aux agents politiques regionaux et a la collectivite qu'ils incarnent. Les acteurs politiques exercent dans la sphere des collectivites territoriales une action construite sur des interrelations multiples, tant avec des agents politiques de dimension nationale qu'avec des acteurs locaux relevant de champs sociaux varies, comme celui de l'espace marchand notamment. Le cumul de mandats leur permet d'articuler des positions strategiques. Des activites professionnelles autres que politiques les placent a l'interface de la sphere economique. De la lisibilite sociale des institutions depend leur force symbolique efficace. Dans cette perspective, et sur le plan local, ont emerge notamment depuis la decentralisation francaise ce que les travaux deja menes designent comme des <
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Downing, Gareth Martin. "Decentralisation, corruption and economic growth : a macroeconomic perspective." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/decentralisation-corruption-and-economic-growth-a-macroeconomic-perspective(d56fc93e-4dcc-473b-b22f-611e4c544c43).html.
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This thesis represents a contribution to the literature on the relationship between decentralisation, corruption, and economic growth. This relationship is analysed both theoretically and empirically. The first chapter investigates one of the channels through which decentralisation can potentially affect corruption and economic growth. The analysis uses a dynamic general equilibrium model to gain further insights into the effects of decentralisation on the structure of corruption. The results suggest that decentralisation, by bringing the people closer to government, can enable corrupt local government officials to internalise the effects of their behaviour. It thereby generates an incentive for officials to moderate their bribe demands. This has positive effects for investment and economic growth. The second chapter examines a potential trade-off that may occur when countries embark on a program of decentralisation. On the one hand decentralisation may improve the information problems that plague overly centralised governments, but at the same time it can potentially lead to a loss of control as discretionary power is granted to local officials without implementing the required accountability mechanisms. The results of the analysis suggest that while decentralisation can potentially reduce corruption an aid economic performance in the long run, it may inevitable lead to increased corruption in the short-run. A key idea is that extra care must be taken to introducing accountability structures at the local level, but that these will likely take time before becoming effective, so that in the near term corruption may increase. In the third chapter the relationship between decentralisation, corruption and economic growth is analysed empirically, using panel data techniques. While previous studies have looked at the relationship between decentralisation and corruption, or between decentralisation and growth, or between corruption and growth, few have looked at the joint relationship between the three. Moreover, previous studies often suffer from endogeneity problems. To overcome this, the Generalised Method of Moments technique is employed; an approach that has not been used on this topic before. It is shown that, while there is evidence that corruption hampers economic growth, the effects of decentralisation are ambiguous. The chapter highlights the inherent difficulties in analysing the effects of decentralisation, which is a complex and multifaceted concept that is impossible to fully capture in the data. This suggests that empirical studies will inevitably be limited in their ability to fully assess a relationship as nuanced as this. The implication is that further investigation at the theoretical level is required. Overall, the thesis provides support for the idea that decentralisation can potentially lead to beneficial outcomes, both in terms so of combating corruption and in wider economic terms. However, it also suggest that care must be taken when implementing reforms as these beneficial outcomes a far from certain.
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Kunda, Frank. "Decentralisation in Zambia: An analysis of local democracy." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6383.
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Magister Legum - LLM (Public Law and Jurisprudence)Zambia has had a system of local government whose origin can be traced back to the colonial era. This system of local government, which is comprised by local authorities, did not have constitutional recognition. The 1996 Constitution of Zambia was the first to recognise the institution of local government. Nevertheless, the only aspect of local government which was entrenched was the provision that councils were to be democratically elected by universal adult suffrage. Other key principles of local democracy, such as citizen participation, local accountability and transparency, that are necessary pillars to an effective system of local government, were not recognised in this Constitution. It was not a surprise that most Zambians experienced challenges in accessing basic public and social services such as water supply, sanitation, housing and health care, which are a responsibility of local government. The absence of sufficient democratic content in the 1996 Constitution and in the enabling legislative and policy framework partly contributed to the ineffectiveness of local authorities.
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Suzuki, Ikuko. "Parental participation in primary school governance in Uganda." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288862.
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Rahman, Khalilur. "Democratic decentralisation and empowerment: a study of women of Murshidabad District in West Bengal (1978-1998)." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/147.
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Ayele, Zemelak. "Decentralisation, development and accommodation of ethnic minorities: The case of Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1963_1370593852.
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Decentralisation of political, financial, and administrative powers to sub-national units has been, and remains to be, a major trend in both developing and developed states. Very often decentralisation is not optional for a state. However, a state has the option to choose what to achieve through its decentralisation programme.After choosing what it intends to achieve through its decentralisation programme, a state may design it in such a way that it may attain the intended purpose.Many countries design their decentralisation programmes with the purpose of &lsquo
deepening&rsquo
democracy and empowering their citizens. Other states decentralise power with the purpose of achieving development. They do so based on the postulate that development is preferable when it is achieved through the participation of those who benefit from it and that decentralisation enhances the extent and quality of citizen&rsquo
s direct and indirect participation. States also decentralise powers based on the assumption that decentralisation brings efficiency in planning and implementing development projects. Several states also use their decentralisation programme to
respond to the ethnic, religious, or other diversities of their people. They use territorial and non-territorial arrangement to accommodate the diversity of their people. Therefore, in some cases they create ethnically structured regional and local units and transfer to such unit political powers including the power to decide on cultural matters. Like in so many countries, the wind of decentralisation has blown over Ethiopia. The country has been implementing a decentralisation programme starting from 1991. Ethiopia has selected to achieve two principal purposes through its decentralisation programme namely, to achieve development and to respond to the ethnic diversity of its people. It is axiomatic that the success of a decentralisation programme, whether for achieving development or accommodating ethnic diversity, is greatly impacted on by its institutional design. This thesis, therefore, examines whether Ethiopia&rsquo
s decentralisation programme incorporates the institutional features that are likely to impact the success of the decentralisation programme for achieving its intended purposes
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Yildiz, Ustun. "Decentralisation des procédés métiers : qualité de services et confidentialité." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00437469.
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Les travaux de recherche de cette thèse portent sur la modélisation et la gestion des procédés métiers orientés services. Le travail s'intéresse aux procédés d'un point de vue de gestion décentralisée où les services composés peuvent établir des interactions de pair–à-pair. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons une méthode qui permet de dériver des procédés coopérants à partir d'une spécification centralisée. Il s'agit des algorithmes qui analysent un procédé centralisé pour le traduire en procédés coopérants, en transformant le flux de contrôle et le flux de données du procédé d'origine en interactions équivalentes de type pair-à-pair. Un des apports de la décentralisation, qui répond à une nouvelle exigence des procédés orientés vers les services, est l'établissement des interactions de pair-à-pair qui respectent le flux d'information des services composés. La deuxième partie du travail est la proposition d'un langage permettant d'exprimer des politiques de flux d'information. Par la suite, nous étudions l'intégration des politiques du flux d'information dans les procédés coopérants. Le choix d'un service entrant dans une composition peut être effectué dynamiquement, au moment de l'exécution du procédé, de sorte que l'ensemble des services composés n'est pas connu à priori. Une compréhension de la stratégie de choix dynamique des services et leur intégration dans le cadre des contributions proposées dans son ensemble est pour cela une étape centrale. Pour ce faire, une méthodologie qui automatise le processus de déploiement dynamique des procédés coopérants est proposée. Letravail présente une architecture logicielle qui valide les concepts proposés.
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Botchwey, Gabriel Kofi Akomanyi. "Intersections in community development and decentralisation : experiences from Ghana." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558794.
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This study examines intersections in community development and decentralisation. Democratic decentralisation programmes have been interpreted as tackling voicelessness and powerlessness. They are therefore seen as an important dimension of political development, by giving voice to the voiceless, empowering the powerless and enabling them to participate in their governance. Critical community development also involves giving a more effective voice to groups and interests who are hardly heard, to articulate their concerns and get them addressed. Ghana introduced democratic decentralisation reforms in 1988, but, after some decades of implementation, have local populations acquired a more effective voice, and have they been able to translate that voice into power in order to change conditions that they consider to be unacceptable and unfair? The study examines these issues in the context of rural communities' struggles over environmental pollution; land, mining and forestry problems. Findings reveal that some voice has been granted to local populations under Ghana's decentralisation programme. However, the voice does not carry adequate power to change conditions that local populations consider unacceptable, exposing a gap between voice and power. Reasons that account for this gap include upward orientation of accountability systems and reporting lines towards central government, information gaps that hamper engagement of local populations with State institutions and other organisations, and lack of legislation that protects the interests of local populations. The study therefore reveals that representation at decision-making arenas does not necessarily translate into influence over decisions made. The findings also show that critical community development has greater likelihood to impact favourably on the democratic project than top-down decentralisation, in terms of collective action for social change. Furthermore, the findings indicated that effective local organising is required to achieve better outcomes from struggles with powerful opponents such as corporations and State institutions.
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Woldemichael, Berhane. "Decentralisation amidst poverty and disunity : the Sudan, 1969-1983." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1578/.
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This thesis is a study of decentralisation in the Sudan both as a mechanism for the management of ethnic diversity and for development administration. The study focuses on a particular period (1969-1983) during the Nimeiri regime when extensive administrative reforms were carried out which gave the Sudan one of the most decentralised governmental systems in Africa. Although decentralisation was applied in the Sudan to achieve these twin objectives, its effectiveness fluctuated depending on the political situation at central government level. A case study was conducted to investigate the impact of decentralisation policy in one district council, Wau. The research was particularly focused on education, one of the services for which the local authorities were responsible. The field research involved the collection of data through a structured questionnaire to investigate such variables as: educational administration, school management, school environment and community participation. An analysis of the data reveals that all was not well with decentralisation in the Sudan. In light of these findings, the last part of the thesis reassesses the conditions for effective decentralisation policies generally and the Sudan in particular. Finally, areas for further research are suggested based on the findings of the study. This thesis confirms the following hypotheses: - The success of state-ethnoregional cohesion is largely dependent on the state's ability to initiate integrative policies. - A decentralised system of government requires effective and active central participation to control and guide its implementation. - Entrusting incommensurate powers to local authorities in areas at a rudimentary stage of development adversely affects their role as participants in development.
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Alhakem, Ali Abdalla Mohamed. "Decentralisation in the Sudan : central control or popular participation?" Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395276.
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Mulla, Richard M. "Legal aspects of decentralisation of government in the Sudan." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296352.
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Masuku, Elisa. "School principals' experiences of the decentralisation policy in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1490.
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Thesis (PhD (Education Policy Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The decentralisation of power in education is part of a global process that has become part of the education reform policies of most countries. Decentralisation, which is typified by the redistribution of power to local levels, is claimed to serve a variety of ends from democratization to efficiency, empowerment of stakeholders to improved quality of education. It is, however, a complex process that is difficult to capture as power is seen to manifest in multiple ways. During the nineties Zimbabwe, against the background of a massive increase in enrolments, for a variety of reasons including the improvement of the quality of education, embarked on the re-distribution of administrative and financial power in the Ministry of Education, Sport and Culture. The implementation of this policy revealed major discrepancies between the intentions of government and the way it translated in educational sites. The aim of this study is to explore how the intentions of decentralisation in education as a policy aimed that the improvement of the quality of education is experienced by school principals. An interpretative methodology with in depth interviews, focus groups, some observations and document analysis were employed to engage in the debates about decentralisation. Although this was a small study the findings concurred with studies of decentralisation in other countries where it was found that the re-distribution of power in education manifests differently in different contexts in the same country. In countries such as Zimbabwe where resource limitations and restructuring concomitantly took place the experience of principals revealed that conditions arose that could not be seen to be conducive to the improvement of the quality of education such as the ambiguity of the meaning of who is responsible for what, the power struggles as government was seen to recentralise crucial roles, increased workloads of principals due to the devolving of administrative and supervisory functions to school level, loss of teachers and other specialist functionaries conducive to a drop in standards and the challenge to parents who had to contribute increasingly to enable schooling of their children. These findings are indicative of the claims from studies in other countries that decentralisation as a policy for whatever reason is seldom more than political rhetoric to decentralise conflict. Exploring the intersection between the literature on decentralisation and parental involvement of education, however, revealed the opening up of other spaces that enabled local power relations to develop in creative ways as parents got increasingly involved in schools. Apart from the challenges related to the redistribution of power as authority delegated, devolved or deconcentrated from government, this study revealed that power manifests in relations and interactions not necessarily ascribed to the intentions of policy, neither as a substance or function only.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die desentralisering van mag in die onderwys maak deel uit van ʼn wêreldwye proses van onderwyshervorming. Desentralisasie, wat deur die herverspreiding van mag na plaaslike vlakke gekenmerk word, is veronderstel om aan ʼn verskeidenheid doele te beantwoord – van demokratisering tot die verhoging van doeltreffendheid, die bemagtiging van belanghebbendes, en die verbetering van onderwysgehalte. Desentralisasie is egter ‘n komplekse proses waaraan moeilik uitvoering gegee kan word, aangesien mag in verskeie gedaantes voorkom. In die negentigerjare het Zimbabwe, teen die agtergrond van ʼn drastiese toename in inskrywings, die herverspreiding van administratiewe en finansiële mag in die Ministerie van Onderwys, Sport en Kultuur onderneem. Dié stap is aan verskillende redes toegeskryf, waaronder die verbetering van onderwysgehalte. Die toepassing van die beleid het egter groot teenstrydighede aan die lig gebring tussen die regering se voornemens, en hoe dié voornemens uiteindelik prakties in onderwysinstellings ten uitvoer gebring is. Die doel van hierdie studie is om skoolhoofde se ervaring van onderwysdesentralisasie as beleid te ondersoek. Die studie is vanuit ‘n interpreterende benadering gedoen met diepte-onderhoude, fokusgroepe, ʼn paar waarnemings sowel as dokumentontleding. Ongeag die beperkte omvang van die studie, stem die bevindinge ooreen met dié van navorsing oor desentralisasie in ander lande, waar bevind is dat herverspreiding van mag in dieselfde land in verskillende kontekste verskillend realiseer. In lande soos Zimbabwe, waar herstrukturering te midde van hulpbronbeperkinge plaasgevind het, het skoolhoofde bepaalde omstandighede ervaar wat nié die verbetering van onderwysgehalte sou kon bevorder het nie. Dít sluit in onsekerheid oor die onderskeie partye se verantwoordelikhede; die magstryd toe die regering kernrolle sentraal beheer; swaarder werklaste vir skoolhoofde nadat administratiewe en toesigfunksies na skoolvlak afgewentel is; ʼn verlies aan onderwysers en ander spesialisamptenare, wat op sy beurt standaarde laat daal het, en ouers se groter verantwoordelikheid om al hoe meer by te dra ten einde hulle kinders se opvoeding te verseker. Hierdie bevindinge strook ook met dié van studies in ander lande, naamlik dat desentralisering as ʼn beleid om watter rede ook al selde meer is as politieke retoriek ten einde konflik te desentraliseer. Nadere ondersoek van die verband tussen navorsing oor desentralisasie, en dié oor ouerbetrokkenheid by onderwys het egter daarop gedui dat desentralisering wel nuwe moontlikhede kan ontsluit vir die skeppende ontwikkeling van plaaslike magsverhoudinge namate ouers al hoe meer by skole betrokke raak. Buiten die uitdagings met betrekking tot die herverspreiding van mag namate regeringsgesag gedelegeer, afgewentel of gedekonsentreer word, dui dié studie daarop dat mag soms ook in verhoudinge en wisselwerkings geopenbaar word wat nie noodwendig met die voornemens van die beleid verband hou nie, en dit mag voorts nie as net substansie of net funksie tot uiting kom nie.
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Gray, Erin. "Exploring decentralisation in Canada : devolution of labour market policy." Thesis, Swansea University, 2003. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42527.
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This thesis entails the study of both why and how decentralisation of government authority takes place. Decentralisation in Canada is explored by investigating a federal proposal for the devolution of active labour market policies from federal to provincial governments, and by closely examining the positions taken by both levels of government during the development of two federal-provincial labour market agreements in the mid- 1990s. The two bilateral agreements chosen for this examination are, the Canada-Nova Scotia Agreement on a Framework for Strategic Partnerships, and the Canada-Alberta Labour Market Development Agreement. The central focus of this research is to examine the extent to which federal and provincial governments' positions on the devolution of policy are influenced by 'political' and 'public' interests. The first argument holds that political imperatives influence governmental priorities, attitudes, and motivations as decisions about devolution are made. The second argument maintains that governmental positions on devolution are founded on the motivation to promote the best outcomes for the public at large. This study employs a research focus that is qualitative in nature, and it draws from interpretive and constructivist approaches to inquiry. Interviews were conducted with civil servants who represent federal and provincial interests in the provinces of Alberta and Nova Scotia. A comparative analysis of the evidence found that both political and public interests influenced federal and provincial positions on devolution. This research illustrates that while political and public interests might be separated analytically, in real cases of policy-making they overlap. Nonetheless, the evidence tips the scales towards a political interest explanation much more clearly and convincingly than a public interest interpretation.
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Siddle, Andrew McCalman. "Decentralisation in South African local government : a critical evaluation." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10838.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 231-245).
The South African local government model is considered to be decentralised in character, incorporating various constitutional, policy and statutory instruments to enable local government to achieve its constitutionally mandated developmental objectives. Yet local government is widely viewed as being in a state of crisis. Many municipalities are seen as dysfunctional and incapable of performing their duties. The hypothesis underlying this study is that the effective application of the principles of decentralisation, to the extent that they have been incorporated in the constitutional, policy and regulatory framework of local government in South Africa, is endangered by a lack of commitment to the concept of decentralisation by central government and by the failure by municipalities to implement at local level those rules, systems, mechanisms, powers and functions which are intended to reflect the principles of decentralisation; and that the achievement of the constitutional objectives of local government is thereby in turn endangered.
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Ziswa, Melissa Nyaradzo Sibongile. "An analysis of the decentralisation framework provided for in the African Charter on the Values and Principles of Decentralisation, Local Governance and Local Development, 2014." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5432.
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Magister Legum - LLMIn 2014, the African Union (AU) adopted the African Charter on the Values and Principles of Decentralisation, Local Governance and Local Development (the African Charter on Decentralisation). The Charter is a first of its kind to provide a decentralisation framework for local government on the African continent. It seeks to use local government as a vehicle for improving the livelihoods of people on the African continent. Member States of the AU will only be bound by the African Charter on Decentralisation once they have ratified it. The actual impact of the Charter to improve the livelihood of people on the African continent is unknown. This research paper provides a critical analysis of the Charter in order to establish its potential. The analysis is undertaken against the background of the international literature on decentralisation and 'best' practices on local government.
South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI)