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Journal articles on the topic 'DEC'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

LI, Yuxin, Xiulong SONG, Yuzhong MA, Jirong LIU, Dongfang YANG, and Bingfang YAN. "DNA binding, but not interaction with Bmal1, is responsible for DEC1-mediated transcription regulation of the circadian gene mPer1." Biochemical Journal 382, no. 3 (September 7, 2004): 895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040592.

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DEC1 (differentially expressed in chondrocytes 1) and DEC2 are E-box-binding transcription factors and exhibit a circadian expression pattern. Recently, both proteins were found to repress the Clock/Bmal1-activated E-box promoters (e.g. mPer1). Yeast two-hybrid assay detected interactions between Bmal1 and DECs. It was hypothesized that DEC-mediated repression on the mPer1 promoter is achieved by binding to E-box elements and interacting with Bmal1. In the present study, we report that E-box binding rather than Bmal1 interaction is responsible for the observed repression. In the absence of Clock/Bmal1, both DEC1 and DEC2 markedly repressed the mPer1 promoter reporter; however, DNA-binding mutants showed no repressive activity. Similarly, DEC1, but not its DNA-binding mutants, repressed the Clock/Bmal1-induced activation. In addition, DEC1R58P, a DNA-binding mutant with Bmal1 interactivity, repressed neither the mPer1 reporter directly nor the Clock/Bmal1-induced activation, providing direct evidence that DNA binding, rather than Bmal1 interactions, is responsible for the repression on the mPer1 promoter. Furthermore, disruption of the Sp1 site in the proximal promoter of mPer1 increased the repression of DEC1 proteins. Previous studies with mouse DEC2 showed that this factor interacts with Sp1. These findings suggest that DEC proteins regulate the expression of mPer1 through E-box binding and Sp1 interaction. Alterations on circadian systems are increasingly recognized as important risk factors for disease initiation and progression, and the expression of Dec genes is rapidly induced by environmental stimuli and is highly increased in tumour tissues. Therefore de-regulated expression of DEC genes probably alters normal circadian rhythms and contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer.

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2

Bode, Brid, Ali Shahmoradi, Moritz J. Rossner, and Henrik Oster. "Genetic Interaction of Per1 and Dec1/2 in the Regulation of Circadian Locomotor Activity." Journal of Biological Rhythms 26, no. 6 (November 30, 2011): 530–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730411419782.

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In mammals, 24-h rhythms are controlled by a hierarchical system of endogenous clocks, with a circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus that synchronizes peripheral oscillators throughout the body. The molecular clock machinery is regulated by interlocked transcriptional translational feedback loops (TTLs). The core TTL includes the transcriptional modulators PER (1-3) and CRY (1/2) that feed back on their own expression by interaction with CLOCK/BMAL1. An accessory loop involving the transcription factors DEC1 and DEC2 has been described that also impinges on CLOCK/BMAL1-mediated transactivation. In Drosophila, the DEC ortholog CWO shows synergistic activity to PER. This prompted the authors to analyze PER1-DEC interaction in the mammalian SCN. They generated Per1/Dec double and triple mutant mice to monitor activity rhythms under entrained and free-running conditions. Furthermore, they analyzed expression of the clock genes Per2, Rev-Erbα, and Bmal1 in wild-type and Per1/Dec mutant SCN by in situ hybridization. The experiments reveal a critical role for Per1-Dec interaction in regulating activity phase under entrained conditions. In constant darkness, a synergistic function for Per1 and Dec1/2 in period regulation was found, correlating with disrupted clock gene mRNA levels in the SCN. Luciferase reporter gene assays indicate an activatory function of DECs on Bmal1 expression. Together, the results suggest a partially redundant and bidirectional regulatory function for the 2 Dec genes in the TTL and a conservation of Per-Dec (Cwo) synergism between vertebrate and invertebrate clocks.

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3

Vargas Fuentes, Andrés, Iban Urkiza Ibaibarriaga, and Susana María Gil Orozko. "Incorporation of a high-level soccer player into the team after a muscle injury: A case study (Incorporación de un jugador de fútbol de alto nivel en el equipo después de una lesión muscular: Un estudio de caso)." Retos, no. 26 (March 6, 2015): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i26.34460.

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The aim of the study was to observe the evolution of the external load of a soccer player who just joined the team after a recovered injury.13 male football players of a soccer team (20.9 ± 1.7 years, 1.80 ± 0.05 m, 73.1 ± 5.3 kg) belonging to the 2nd division B participated in this study. After 30 days off following a hamstring injury a player started to train with the team. The next week his injury relapsed, so he had to stop training for another week. Finally he was re-incorporated to the team. External load was measured in the injured player (P) and the rest of the players of the team (T) using GPS devices (GPSport) during week 1 and week 2. The variables measured were: distance at high intensity (DHI; >14 km/h) and distance at sprint (S; >24 km/h). Besides, the number of times they entered the different acceleration rates: (Acc) 1 (0-2 m/s/s), Acc2 (2-3 m/s/s) and Acc3 (3-5 m/s/s) and the number of times they entered the different deceleration rates: (Dec) 1 (0-2 m/s/s), Dec2 (2-3 m/s/s) and Dec3 (3-5 m/s/s). During the first week of training, P performed longer DHI and S than T. Moreover, P performed higher acc1, acc2, acc3, dec1, dec2 and dec3 than T. In contrast, during the second week, T performed longer DHI and S than P. However, P performed higher acc1, acc2, acc3, and dec1 than T. However, similar values were found in dec2 and dec3 in P and T. It was observed that the acc and dec in both weeks indicated a higher peripheral muscle work in P. Therefore, according to the nature of the injury a modification or even avoidance of certain exercises should be considered especially those exercises that directly impact on the repaired muscles.Key words: Hamstring, injury, incorporation and football.Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue observar la evolución de la carga externa de un futbolista al reincorporarse al equipo después de una lesión. 13 jugadores masculinos de fútbol (20.9±1.7 años, 1.80±0.05 m, 73.1±5.3 kg) de un equipo de 2ª división B participaron en este estudio. Después de 30 días de baja tras una lesión en el músculo isquiotibial un jugador comenzó a entrenar con el equipo. Tras la primera semana, la lesion recidivó y se volvió a incorporar al equipo tras una semana de baja. La carga externa se evaluó en el jugador lesionado (P) y en el resto de los jugadores del equipo (T) utilizando dispositivos GPS (GPSport). Las variables medidas fueron: Distancia a alta intensidad (DHI; >14 km/h) y la distancia a Sprint (S; >24 km/h). Además, el número de aceleraciones (Acc) 1 (0-2 m/s/s), Acc2 (2-3 m/s/s) y Acc3 (3-5 m/s/s) y deceleraciones (Dec) 1 (0-2 m/s/s), Dec2 (2-3 m/s/s) y dec3 (3-5 m/s/s). Durante la primera semana de entrenamiento P realizó mayor DHI y S que T. Por otra parte, P realizó mayor cantidad de acc1, acc2, acc3, dec1, dec2 y dec3 que T. Por el contrario, durante la segunda semana, T realizó mayor DHI y S que P. Sin embargo, P realizó mayor cantidad de acc1, acc2, acc3 y dec1 que T. Valores similares fueron encontrados en dec2 y dec3 en P y T. En ambas semanas se observó un mayor trabajo muscular periférico en el jugador lesionado. Por lo tanto, de acuerdo con la naturaleza de la lesión una modificación o incluso la exclusión de ciertos ejercicios deben ser considerados; especialmente aquellos ejercicios que impactan directamente en los músculos recuperadosPalabras claves: Isquiotibial, lesión, incorporación y fútbol.

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4

Turnipseed, A. A., S. N. Pressley, T. Karl, B. Lamb, E. Nemitz, E. Allwine, W. A. Cooper, S. Shertz, and A. B. Guenther. "The use of disjunct eddy sampling methods for the determination of ecosystem level fluxes of trace gases." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 4 (July 15, 2008): 13413–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-13413-2008.

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Abstract. The concept of disjunct eddy sampling (DES) for use in measuring ecosystem-level micrometeorological fluxes is re-examined. The governing equations are discussed as well as other practical considerations and guidelines concerning this sampling method as it is applied to either the disjunct eddy covariance (DEC) or disjunct eddy accumulation (DEA) techniques. A disjunct eddy sampling system was constructed that could either be combined with relatively slow sensors (response time of 2 to 40 s) to measure fluxes using DEC, or could also be used to accumulate samples in stable reservoirs for later laboratory analysis (DEA technique). Both the DEC and DEA modes of this sampler were tested against conventional eddy covariance (EC) for fluxes of either CO2 (DEC) or isoprene (DEA). Good agreement in both modes was observed relative to the EC systems. However, the uncertainty in a single DEA flux measurement was considerable (~40%) due to both the reduced statistical sampling and the analytical precision of the concentration difference measurements. We have also re-investigated the effects of nonzero mean vertical wind velocity on accumulation techniques as it relates to our DEA measurements. Despite the higher uncertainty, disjunct eddy sampling can provide an alternative technique to eddy covariance for determining ecosystem-level fluxes for species where fast sensors do not currently exist.

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5

Turnipseed, A. A., S. N. Pressley, T. Karl, B. Lamb, E. Nemitz, E. Allwine, W. A. Cooper, S. Shertz, and A. B. Guenther. "The use of disjunct eddy sampling methods for the determination of ecosystem level fluxes of trace gases." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 3 (February 9, 2009): 981–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-981-2009.

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Abstract. The concept of disjunct eddy sampling (DES) for use in measuring ecosystem-level micrometeorological fluxes is re-examined. The governing equations are discussed as well as other practical considerations and guidelines concerning this sampling method as it is applied to either the disjunct eddy covariance (DEC) or disjunct eddy accumulation (DEA) techniques. A disjunct eddy sampling system was constructed that could either be combined with relatively slow sensors (response time of 2 to 40 s) to measure fluxes using DEC, or could also be used to accumulate samples in stable reservoirs for later laboratory analysis (DEA technique). Both the DEC and DEA modes of this sampler were tested against conventional eddy covariance (EC) for fluxes of either CO2 (DEC) or isoprene (DEA). Good agreement in both modes was observed relative to the EC systems. However, the uncertainty in a single DEA flux measurement was considerable (~40%) due to both the reduced statistical sampling and the analytical precision of the concentration difference measurements. We have also re-investigated the effects of nonzero mean vertical wind velocity on accumulation techniques as it relates to our DEA measurements. Despite the higher uncertainty, disjunct eddy sampling can provide an alternative technique to eddy covariance for determining ecosystem-level fluxes for species where fast sensors do not currently exist.

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6

Washington. "Dec 16." Lancet 352, no. 9145 (December 1998): 2034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61397-9.

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7

Mahesh, GM. "Dr. Vishwanath Ramrao Mysorekar (Dec 1931 - Dec 2020)." Journal of the Anatomical Society of India 70, no. 1 (2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jasi.jasi_41_21.

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8

Sumbana, Jose, Elisa Taviani, Alice Manjate, Bianca Paglietti, Antonella Santona, and Mauro M. Colombo. "Genetic determinants of pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolated from children with acute diarrhea in Maputo, Mozambique." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 06 (July 4, 2015): 661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.6122.

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Introduction: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) represents one of the leading cause of diarrhoea in developing countries. In this study a molecular approach was applied for the detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) circulating in Maputo, Mozambique. Methodology: All isolates were PCR tested for species-specific genes and for 11 molecular markers: stx1, stx2, eae, bfpA, lt, st, ipaH, aap, aggR CVD432 and daaE. Results: Of the 80 E. coli isolated, 74% were potential DEC: 21% EIEC, 19% EPEC, 15% EAEC, 13% ETEC, 5% DAEC and 1% hybrids. Conclusion: This study revealed the complexity of the etiology of diarrhea caused by pathogenic E. coli in Mozambique, and the risk of the emergence of new pathogenic variants due to the horizontal transmission of pathogenicity factors.

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9

Patzi-Vargas, Sandra, Mussaret Zaidi, Rodolfo Bernal-Reynaga, Magda León-Cen, Alba Michel, and Teresa Estrada-Garcia. "Persistent bloody diarrhoea without fever associated with diffusely adherent Escherichia coli in a young child." Journal of Medical Microbiology 62, no. 12 (December 1, 2013): 1907–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.062349-0.

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Diffusely adherent Escherichia coli (DAEC) is thought to cause diarrhoea in children, and so too are other diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC); however, the evidence base is inconclusive. DEC pathotypes are differentiated on the basis of their pathogenic features, and thus cannot be quickly identified on selective culture media. Molecular techniques, not readily available in most clinical laboratories, are required to differentiate DEC strains from non-pathogenic E. coli in the stool flora. We report a case of persistent bloody diarrhoea, without fever, in a previously healthy 21-month infant from whom we isolated five DAEC strains. The child’s stools movements were loose, with gross blood and mucus; fresh mount analysis revealed numerous faecal leukocytes and erythrocytes. Response to antimicrobial treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was poor despite susceptibility in vitro. Although the patient improved with azithromycin, blood was present in the patient’s stools for over 30 days. The severe diarrhoea in this patient might be explained by the fact that these DAEC isolates harboured a siderophore receptor, which allows the bacteria to use iron derived from haem compounds that promote its multiplication. The isolates also induced in vitro secretion of several immunomodulatory cytokines that may account for the patient’s loose stools and faecal leukocytes. DAEC may play a greater role than suspected in afebrile children with bloody diarrhoea.

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10

Fang, Wentong, Qian Li, Min Wang, Mingjie Zheng, and Huirong Xu. "DEC2 Serves as Potential Tumor Suppressor in Breast Carcinoma." Disease Markers 2020 (October 10, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6053154.

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Background. Identification of new biomarkers can facilitate the development of effective therapeutic strategies in breast cancer (BC). Data from previous studies have revealed that differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene (DEC) 1 and DEC2 might involve in the progression of various cancer types. We explored the expression profiles and function of DEC1/2 in BC patients in this study. Methods. The mRNA expression of DEC1/2 in BC patients and cell lines were taken from the Oncomine and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database. The prognostic impacts of DEC1/2 were mined from the bc-GenExMiner and Kaplan–Meier plotter database. The impact of DEC1/2 genomic alterations on patient survival was calculated by cBioPortal. DEC2 protein expressions were confirmed by Western blotting (WB) in 10 pairs of BC samples. In addition, DEC2 sgRNA was constructed to confirm its affection on cell viability, invasion, and colony formation. Results. The DEC1 and DEC2 mRNA levels are both lower in BC tissues than normal tissues. DEC1/2 expression was high in progesterone receptor (PR) positive BC patients (P=0.0023), but low in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive patients (P<0.0001). Lower DEC2 mRNA level has significant association with more aggressive pathogenic grade (P<0.0001) and worse overall survival (OS) of BC patients (P=5.2×10−6). Subgroup analysis showed that low DEC2 level was correlated with worse OS in estrogen receptor (ER) positive BC (P=0.008). DEC2 (P=0.00029) alteration was significantly correlated with worse OS in BC patients. WB results also confirmed the lower DEC2 protein levels in BC samples than their paired normal tissues. And, DEC2 silencing by sgRNA resulted in a significant increasing in cell viability, invasion, and colony formation. Conclusion. DEC2 might serve as a tumor suppressor, and its disfunction may involve in the tumorigenesis and indicate bad clinical outcomes in BC patients.

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11

&NA;. "DEC INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE." Pediatric Physical Therapy 4, no. 4 (1992): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001577-199200440-00014.

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12

Boden, Scott D. "Spinescope Dec 2014." Seminars in Spine Surgery 27, no. 2 (June 2015): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semss.2015.01.001.

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13

Dietterich, Daniel J. "DEC data distributor." ACM SIGMOD Record 23, no. 2 (June 1994): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/191843.191931.

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14

GARLAND, CORINNE W. "DEC Recommended Practices." Journal of Early Intervention 19, no. 1 (January 1995): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105381519501900102.

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15

O’Brien, Kevin. "Commentary - Dec 2005." American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 128, no. 6 (December 2005): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.10.016.

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16

"Editorial - Oct-Dec." Journal of Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery 9, no. 4 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2542-6001.368067.

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17

Rollins, Nancy, and Randolph K. Otto. "Guido C. Currarino, MD, Dec. 17, 1920 – Dec. 20, 2015." Pediatric Radiology 46, no. 3 (January 29, 2016): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-016-3539-5.

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18

Hsu, Shih-Yung, Bing-Mu Hsu, Wen-Tsai Ji, Tsui-Kang Hsu, Po-Min Kao, Tzung-Yu Shen, Cheng-Wei Fan, and Yu-Li Huang. "Evaluation of diarrheagenic E. coli in riversheds by quantitative PCR in combination with enrichment." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 12 (November 4, 2014): 1955–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.387.

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Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a group of the most common agents of diarrhea. Highly virulent DEC strains could cause illness with dozens of organisms. Waterborne DEC may be detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR); however, environmental contaminants can interfere with PCR reaction, thus causing the prevalence of DEC to be underestimated. In this study, we propose an approach to efficiently quantify trace amounts of DEC. An enrichment procedure was performed to amplify total E. coli including DEC in the water samples. By normalizing the number of pathotype-specific genes to the amplification rate of a housekeeping gene in all E. coli, the quantity of DEC in original samples could be assessed. This method allows detection of trace amounts of DEC in receiving waters. The results showed that the presence of DEC in water samples was partially associated with riverside settlement. The DEC concentration was substantially higher at a few sampling sites, suggesting that evaluation of DEC along the river may help identify previously unknown pollution sources. Although the sustainability of DEC in the receiving waters may be low, the risk of DEC infection from the watershed warrants further examination.

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19

Pessanha, José Francisco Moreira, Reinaldo Castro Souza, and Luiz da Costa Laurencel. "Um modelo de análise envoltória de dados para o estabelecimento de metas de continuidade do fornecimento de energia elétrica." Pesquisa Operacional 27, no. 1 (April 2007): 51–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-74382007000100004.

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Entre os aspectos da qualidade do fornecimento de energia elétrica destaca-se a continuidade, avaliada com base nos indicadores DEC e FEC que expressam, respectivamente, a duração e a freqüência das interrupções do fornecimento. Propõe-se uma nova implementação da regulação por comparação de desempenho na definição dos níveis toleráveis de DEC/FEC (metas de continuidade) para as concessionárias de distribuição e seus conjuntos de unidades consumidoras. Na abordagem proposta combinam-se dois modelos de Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) em um processo com dois estágios: primeiro um modelo DEA clássico estabelece quanto cada distribuidora deve melhorar globalmente os seus indicadores de continuidade, em seguida, por meio de um modelo para alocação de recursos, baseado em DEA, comparam-se os desempenhos dos conjuntos em uma mesma distribuidora e definem-se as metas locais de continuidade para cada conjunto. Apresentam-se metas locais para os conjuntos das duas principais concessionárias que atendem o Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

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20

Kang, Kai, David S. Schrump, Anish Thomas, Kurt Alex Schalper, Yogen Saunthararajah, and Vamsidhar Velcheti. "Tetrahydrouridine-decitabine for non-cytotoxic epigenetic therapy of NSCLC to enhance immunotherapeutic effect of anti-PD1 in vivo." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 11552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.11552.

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11552 Background: NSCLC response to anti-PD1 therapy is ~20%, largely because most NSCLC avoids immune-recognition in the 1stplace, e.g., by epigenetics to suppress neo-antigen expression. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) mediates this repression and is depleted by decitabine (Dec). Unfortunately Dec has trivial distribution into solid cancer tissues because of rapid deamination by cytidine deaminase (CDA). Therefore, to improve tissue-distribution of Dec with the low Cmax/long Tmax profile needed for DNMT1-depletion without cytotoxicity, we combined Dec with a CDA inhibitor tetrahydrouridine (THU). Methods: C57/BL6 mice were inoculated with LL3-luc cells via tail vein. After documentation of lung invasion by live-imaging, mice (n = 5/group) were randomized to PBS, THU-Dec (10/0.1 mg/kg sc 3×/wk), anti-PD1 (5 mg/kg ip q5d, DX400 from Merck) or THU-Dec/anti-PD1 combination. Antigen presentation, PD, MDSCs, and T-cells were measured in blood and tumor. Results: THU-Dec or anti-PD1 alone decreased tumor by imaging and increased survival, however, THU-Dec/anti-PD1 combination extended median survival the most and completely regressed tumor in 2/5 mice (median survival days PBS 37, THU-Dec 56, anti-PD1 62, THU-Dec/anti-PD1 77). Rechallenge of cured mice with LL2-luc confirmed immune-memory effect, with no engraftment vs expected engraftment in controls. Consistent with the pharmacologic rationale, THU-Dec produced > 2-fold more DNMT1-depletion in tumor vs PBS. Consistent with non-cytotoxic effect, absolute lymphocyte counts were preserved with THU-Dec, while numbers of G-MDSC decreased (2.9 k/µL PBS vs 0.3 k/µL THU-Dec/anti-PD1, p < 0.01). Expression of neoantigens MAGE-A1 and MAGE-A3 increased > 4-fold with THU-Dec vs PBS (p < 0.01). THU-Dec/anti-PD1 increased tumor infiltrating lymphocytes 6-fold vs PBS (p < 0.01) and decreased regulatory T-cells 2.5-fold vs PBS (p < 0.01). IFNγ expression in tumor increased 2.4-fold with THU-Dec/anti-PD1 vs PBS (p < 0.01). Conclusions: THU-Dec/anti-PD1 produced marked survival improvements and cures in tumor-bearing mice, scientific validation of our clinical trial NCT02664181 combining THU-Dec/nivolumab in 2nd line for NSCLC.

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Zhou, Xinping, Fanjun Meng, Yanjuan Lin, Zheng Ge, Yuemin Kuang, Lu Wang, Jin Zhang, et al. "Combination of Decitabine and ATRA in Newly Diagnosed Myelodysplastic Syndromes Subtype EB-Interim Analysis of a Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Trial." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-149326.

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Abstract Background: HMAs are mainstay treatment of higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). However, clinical outcomes of patients treated with decitabine (DEC) monotherapy were far from satisfactory with an overall response rate (ORR) of 33%-55.4% and an overall survival (OS) of 17.7-22 months. Some clinical researches reported that the addition of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to DEC increased response rate and prolonged survival of MDS and elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Our data showed ATRA enhanced the cytotoxic effect of DEC on MDS via activating RARα-Nrf2 complex (2021 EHA abstract EP891). These findings suggested that addition of ATRA to DEC in treatment-naive patients may improve response rate based on the synergetic function. We therefore conducted a study of combination of DEC and ATRA in MDS subtype excessive blasts (EB) patients. Methods: In this randomized, multicenter, open-label trial, patients with newly diagnosed MDS subtype EB based on the 2016 WHO classification from 7 different tertiary medical centers in China were included. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either oral ATRA (25mg/m 2/day on days 1-28) plus DEC (20 mg/m 2 daily on days 1-5) or DEC monotherapy（Figure 1）. The primary endpoint was overall response rate ORR, defined as complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), marrow complete remission (mCR), or hematological improvement (HI). Key secondary endpoints were mCR, HI, overall survival (OS), and progress free survival (PFS). Response was assessed after completion of four cycles of treatment. For patients who bridged to allo-HSCT later on and did not complete four cycles of treatments, response was defined as best response ever observed before receiving allo-HSCT. Here, we report results of the interim analysis. Results: Between May 2018 and July 2021, 165 patients were randomly allocated into either DEC plus ATRA (n=82) or DEC monotherapy (n=83). 63.6% of patients were male and 36.4% were female, with a median age of 62 years (range, 19 to 81 years). 38.8% of patients had EB1 and 61.2% had EB2. As of July 31, 2021, 126 patients were available for the assessment of treatment results. After a median follow up of 9.6 months, median number of courses on treatment was 4 courses (range, 1-14), 61 in DEC plus ATRA arm and 65 in DEC arm . OR was achieved in 85.2% of DEC plus ATRA patients compared to 56.9% in DEC monotherapy (p<0.001). mCR rate was 73.8% in patients treated with DEC plus ATRA and 53.8% in those with DEC monotherapy (p=0.02). HI rate was 63.9% and 44.6% in patients with DEC plus ATRA and DEC monotherapy, respectively (p=0.03). The median OS and PFS were 18.8 months and 13.5 months for DEC plus ATRA arms, 19.2 months and 13.0 months for in DEC arm, respectively. 72.7% patients developed at least one adverse event (AE) during the trial, 73.3% in the DEC plus ATRA arm and 72.0% in DEC arm, respectively. Grade 3/4 Hematological toxicity occurred in 73.68 % of DEC plus ATRA arm and 76.92 % of DEC arm. Hyperlipidemia occurred in 31 patients in DEC plus ATRA arm (3.2% grade 3/4), and 18 (no grade 3/4) in DEC arm (p<0.001). Incidence of headache was higher in DEC plus ATRA arm (14.7% vs 4.0% in DEC arm, respectively, p<0.001). No other statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence of treatment-related AEs between the two groups. No early death occurred. Conclusion: Combination of DEC and ATRA achieved an OR rate of 85.2% in MDS subtype EB. Enrollment is ongoing to assess its efficacy and safety in treating EB. This therapy may be a new treatment option for EB subjects. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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HAMAGUCHI, Hidenori, Katsumi FUJIMOTO, Takeshi KAWAMOTO, Mitsuhide NOSHIRO, Koji MAEMURA, Norihiko TAKEDA, Ryozo NAGAI, et al. "Expression of the gene for Dec2, a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor, is regulated by a molecular clock system." Biochemical Journal 382, no. 1 (August 10, 2004): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031760.

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Dec2, a member of the basic helix–loop–helix superfamily, is a recently confirmed regulatory protein for the clockwork system. Transcripts of Dec2, as well as those of its related gene Dec1, exhibit a striking circadian oscillation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and Dec2 inhibits transcription from the Per1 promoter induced by Clock/Bmal1 [Honma, Kawamoto, Takagi, Fujimoto, Sato, Noshiro, Kato and Honma (2002) Nature (London) 419, 841–844]. It is known that mammalian circadian rhythms are controlled by molecular clockwork systems based on negative-feedback loop(s), but the molecular mechanisms for the circadian regulation of Dec2 gene expression have not been clarified. We show here that transcription of the Dec2 gene is regulated by several clock molecules and a negative-feedback loop. Luciferase and gel retardation assays showed that expression of Dec2 was negatively regulated by binding of Dec2 or Dec1 to two CACGTG E-boxes in the Dec2 promoter. Forced expression of Clock/Bmal1 and Clock/Bmal2 markedly increased Dec2 mRNA levels, and up-regulated the transcription of the Dec2 gene through the CACGTG E-boxes. Like Dec, Cry and Per also suppressed Clock/Bmal-induced transcription from the Dec2 promoter. Moreover, the circadian expression of Dec2 transcripts was abolished in the kidney of Clock/Clock mutant mice. These findings suggest that the Clock/Bmal heterodimer enhances Dec2 transcription via the CACGTG E-boxes, whereas the induced transcription is suppressed by Dec2, which therefore must contribute to its own rhythmic expression. In addition, Cry and Per may also modulate Dec2 transcription.

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Yezefski, Todd, Roland B. Walter, Pamela S. Becker, Paul C. Hendrie, Vivian Oehler, Mary-Elizabeth M. Percival, and Elihu H. Estey. "Rates of CR with and without Measurable Residual Disease after Induction Treatment with "7+3" or Azacitidine/Decitabine for Newly-Diagnosed AML." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2792.2792.

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Abstract Introduction The importance of measurable residual disease (MRD) at time of complete remission (CR) as a predictor of relapse and/or survival either after allogeneic transplant (HCT) or chemotherapy without HCT is widely recognized (Chen et al. JCO 2015;33:1258-64). Hence, a goal of induction therapy might be not only to produce CR, but CR without MRD. Here we compare rates of CR with and without MRD after induction therapy with either (1) "7+3", (2) azacitidine (aza) or decitabine (dec) alone (aza/dec alone), or (3) regimens containing aza or dec with other low intensity treatment (aza/dec combos). Given reportedly similar survival rates with 7+3 and aza/dec alone, and the contribution of CR without MRD to survival, we hypothesized that while CR rates are higher with 7+3, there would be relatively less difference in rates of CR without MRD. Methods We analyzed 272 patients with newly diagnosed, high-risk MDS (10-20% blasts) or AML (> 20% blasts) treated with the following regimens: 7+3 (139 patients), aza/dec alone (64) or aza/dec combos (69), the latter most commonly involving gemtuzumab ozogamicin +/- vorinostat. Cytogenetic risk and response to treatment were assessed per ELN guidelines, and MRD was assessed via 10- color multiparametric flow cytometry as previously described (Chen et al. JCO 2015;33:1258-64). Results As expected, patients given 7+3 were younger, with median ages of 53 for 7+3, 63 for aza/dec alone, and 58 for aza/dec combos. In 7+3, cytogenetic risk was favorable in 29%, intermediate in 26%, and poor in 45%; for aza/dec alone 5% were favorable, 44% intermediate, and 51% poor; and for aza/dec combos, 12% were favorable, 30% intermediate, and 58% poor. As expected, CR rates were higher with 7+3: 72% vs. 14% for aza/dec alone and 17% for aza/dec combos. Rates of CR w/o MRD were also higher with 7+3: 58% vs. 9% for aza/dec alone and 13% for aza/dec combos (p<0.001), while rates of CR with MRD were more similar (14% 7+3 vs. 5% aza/dec alone and 4% for aza/dec combos. Rates of CR w/o MRD were higher with favorable risk cytogenetics (78%) than intermediate risk (24%) or poor risk (22%). The same was true considering only either the aza/dec alone group (67% vs 4% vs 9%) or the aza/dec combo group (50% vs 5% vs 10%.) Conclusion The higher CR rate seen with 7+3 than with aza/dec or its combinations is paralleled by a higher rate of CR without MRD. Multivariate analyses are currently analyzing the relation between relapse/survival and CR without MRD, cytogenetic risk, and treatment, and whether the effect of CR without MRD on these outcomes is the same with 7+3 and aza/dec or its combinations. Assuming, as expected, RFS and survival in the current population is approximately similar regardless of treatment with 7+3, aza/dec or its combinations, the failure of 7+3 to produce better survival despite higher rates of CR without MRD would suggest limitations in the use of CR without MRD as a surrogate for RFS and survival. The similar effect of cytogenetics on CR without MRD rates with 7+3, aza/dec alone or aza/dec combos suggests a qualitative similarity between these regimens that is perhaps more than often appreciated. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Lavelle, Donald, Michel Gowhari, Michael Pacini, Lani Krauz, Johara Hassan, Vinzon Ibanez, Maria A. Ruiz, et al. "Combination with Thu to Address Pharmacologic Limitations of Decitabine, Interim PK/PD from a Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial of Oral Thu-Decitabine in Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.90.90.

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Abstract DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) is a validated molecular target for epigenetic therapy of non-malignant diseases (e.g., sickle cell disease, SCD) and cancer. DNMT1 can be depleted by decitabine (Dec), an FDA-approved drug, without off-target cytotoxicity, reproducibly demonstrated pre-clinically. Dec, however, has pharmacologic limitations that impede translation into clinical epigenetic therapy. For e.g., DNMT-depletion requires Dec levels to overlap with cellular S-phase entry, yet the plasma half-life of Dec is <20 minutes, severely curtailing the probability of such overlap. This problem is not solved by increasing Dec dose, since off-target effects from higher Cmax causes cytotoxicity that paradoxically decreases efficacy by restricting the feasible frequency of administration. Similarly, continuous infusion is likely not the answer, since toxic increases of Dec can occur in some tissues while inadequate exposure remains in others. This unbalanced distribution could be related to widely diverging tissue expression of cytidine deaminase (CDA), the enzyme that rapidly deaminates the deoxycytidine analogue Dec and the related DNMT1-depleting cytidine analogue 5-azacytidine (5Aza)(Fig 1, RNA-Seq). Moreover, CDA expression is particularly high in the intestines and liver (Fig 1), suggesting that CDA could be a barrier to oral bioavailability of cytidine analogues (Fig1, RNA-Seq). Therefore, to address limitations of Dec, this Phase 1/2 clinical trial combined oral Dec with a CDA inhibitor (oral tetrahydrouridine, THU) in patients with high risk, hydroxyurea refractory SCD (NCT01685515). The pharmacokinetic (PK) objectives were to (i) extend Dec half-life/Tmax, to hours instead of minutes to increase S-phase dependent DNMT1-depletion (ii) without high Dec Cmax that causes off-target effects and cytotoxicity (intended Cmax >5nM and <200nM), and (iii) to decrease within and between patient variability in Dec distribution. The clinically relevant pharmacodynamic (PD) objective was to increase fetal hemoglobin (HbF) with repeat dosing 2X/week for 8 weeks. Fixed dose oral THU 10 mg/kg was administered 60 minutes before oral Dec at: 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 or 0.16 mg/kg (5 cohorts of 5 pts randomized 3/2 Dec/placebo). Plasma Dec quantification was by LC-MSMS at 0, 2, 4 and 24 hours after Dec administration. Sixteen patients had received placebo or Dec at time of writing. Dec PK was measured in 8 non-placebo subjects (2 each in cohort 1 and 2, 3 in cohort 3, and the 1 subject enrolled thus far in cohort 4). Dec levels were detectable in all. Cmax was at 2 hrs, with a 50% decline from Cmax observed at 4 hrs (Fig 2, PK). There was a dose-dependent increase in Cmax and AUC (Fig 2). Previously, relative bioavailability in mice of oral THU-Dec vs oral Dec was estimated at 900% (Lavelle et al, Blood 2012). Circulating F-cells (HbF enriched red cells) were observed to increase in cohort 4 (Dec 0.08 mg/kg, approx. 3 mg/m2) when Cmax approached 20 nM: 14.4% at baseline to 22% at week 4 to 31% at week 8; with corresponding increases in HbF% from 1.8 to 3.4 to 5.4% (Fig 2, PD). This data was consistent with the minimum dose of oral THU-Dec that increases HbF% in baboons scaled by body surface area (Lavelle et al, Blood 2012). Combining mini-dose Dec with the CDA inhibitor THU Dec produced a major improvement in oral bioavailability and the wide Dec concentration-time profile (low Cmax, long Tmax) that is desirable for DNMT1-depletion without cytotoxicity. These observations also imply multi-hour, balanced distribution of Dec through solid tissues. Stated another way, this PK data confirms that CDA is responsible for the severe reduction in Dec half-life from >12 hours in vitro to <20 minutes in vivo, and for unbalanced Dec tissue distribution, pharmacology that has impeded clinical translation of promising pre-clinical observations, and that can be addressed by combination with THU. Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Disclosures DeSimone: University of Illinois at Chicago: patents related to decitabine Patents & Royalties. Saunthararajah:University of Illinois at Chicago: patents related to decitabine Patents & Royalties.

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Denli, Burhan. "Eğitim Yönetiminde Ar-Ge Çalışmalarının Öneminin İncelenmesi." Journal of Social Research and Behavioral Sciences 8, no. 17 (December 25, 2022): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/jsrbs.8.17.21.

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Abstract In this study, it is aimed to examine the activities carried out in educational institutions on R&Dec Dec studies and entrepreneurship perspectives for the future by focusing on the importance of R&D studies in educational management. Study R Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec Dec dec con-sideration of R&D studies, Characteristics of R&D studies, entrepreneurship in R&D studies, Characteristics of the role of entrepreneurship in R&D studies, approaches in R&D studies and the importance of R&D studies will be discussed. R&D studies as a process are very related to the Decisional structures of education managers. With this behavioral process, a manager tries to influence other people in the institution to do their jobs in line with achieving their educational goals. Since R &D studies are a dynamic process, it becomes difficult to Decipher a role, method and technique that will best affect the process. There is a diverse and different set of R&D studies methods and techniques and each of them is seen as the most appropriate form in different situations and conditions. Dec. R&D studies are in a very important position in terms of progressive, entrepreneurial and leading education managers in general Decisively and expect continuous improvement. Key Words: Education Management, R&Dec, Development, Entrepreneurship

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Sun, Jian Ren, and Chi Bing Hu. "Research on a New Flexible Acceleration and Deceleration Algorithm with Continuous Jerk." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 286–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.286.

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Control of the motion process of acceleration/deceleration (Acc/Dec) is one of key complicated problems in CNC system development. The excellent Acc/Dec control can improve the processing precision. The traditional Acc/Dec algorithms such as the linear and the exponential are not suitable for high speed motion because there would be flexible impacts existing in feed motion, especially that the jerk of the S-shape curve Acc/Dec is discontinuous. A new flexible Acc/Dec algorithm for high speed motion system based on the squared sine function is introduced. The modeling of the Acc/Dec algorithm with Trigonometric Function Squared Sine(TFSS) shape curve is constructed.In this algorithm, the sine curve in jerk, acceleration, velocity and displacement are all continuous. The simulation experiments result demonstrate that the Acc/Dec algorithm with TFSS shape curve is a new method of continuous Jerk for the design flexible Acc/Dec.

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Shiohara, T., N. Moriya, J. Hayakawa, S. Itohara, and H. Ishikawa. "Resistance to cutaneous graft-vs.-host disease is not induced in T cell receptor delta gene-mutant mice." Journal of Experimental Medicine 183, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 1483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.183.4.1483.

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The function of murine dendritic epidermal cells (dEC) remains largely speculative, probably because of the lack of a suitable in vivo model, although previous studies suggest that gamma/delta+ dEC may have originally evolved to serve as a self-protection mechanism(s). Our previous study demonstrated that the epidermis of mice that had spontaneously recovered from cutaneous graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) induced by local injection of CD4+ autoreactive T cells contained unexpectedly large numbers of dEC and became resistant to subsequent attempts to induce GVHD in a site-restricted manner, suggesting that the resistance is mediated by dEC. However, because alpha/beta+ dEC as well as gamma/delta+ dEC were greatly increased in number in the epidermis, it was unclear whether gamma/delta+ dEC are indeed responsible for this protection. The availability of this murine model and mice selectively lacking gamma/delta T cells as a result of disruption of the T cell receptor C delta gene segment allowed us to investigate the role of gamma/delta+ dEC. In the epidermis of gamma/delta T cell-deficient mice (delta-/-), a congenital lack of gamma/delta+ dEC was substituted for by alpha/beta+ dEC of either a CD4-8+ or a CD4-8- phenotype. After intradermal injection of the autoreactive T cells, delta-/- mice developed significantly enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and cutaneous GVHD, which persisted longer than in heterozygous littermate controls (delta+/-). Surprisingly, resistance to the cutaneous GVHD was not induced in the epidermis of delta-/- mice after spontaneous recovery from the GVHD, whereas the "susceptible" epidermis of delta-/+ mice contained large numbers of alpha/beta dEC comparable to those in "resistant" epidermis of delta+/- mice. Injection of day 16 fetal thymocytes from wild-type mice into delta-/- mice resulted in the appearance of donor-type gamma/delta+ dEC in the epidermis, and reconstitution with gamma/delta+ dEC restored the protective immune response of the epidermis against the GVHD to nearly normal levels. These results indicate that gamma/delta+ dEC are responsible for the site-restricted protection against cutaneous GVHD.

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MURINDA, SHELTON E., SHU-MIN LIU, ROBERT F. ROBERTS, and RICHARD A. WILSON. "Colicinogeny among Escherichia coli Serotypes, Including O157:H7, Representing Four Closely Related Diarrheagenic Clones." Journal of Food Protection 61, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 1431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-61.11.1431.

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Twenty-seven diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) strains from five closely related, genetically distinct clones (DEC 3, 4, 8, 9, and 10), representing serotypes commonly associated with Shiga-like toxin production, i.e., 015:H−, 026:(H11, H−), 0111:(H8, H11, H−), and O157:H7, were evaluated for colicinogeny on Luria agar or Luria agar containing 0.25 μg/ml mitomycin C to induce colicin production. Ten (37%) of the DEC strains tested were colicinogenic. One of 11 serotype O157:H7 strains, DEC strain 4E, produced a colicin identified as Col D. DEC strains 8B, 9D, and 10B produced Col E1, whereas DEC strain 10A produced Col E2. DEC strains 8A, 8E, 10C, 10E, and 10F produced “untypable” colicins that killed almost all Pugsley Colicin Reference Set strains and the other DEC strains tested. To aid with further characterization of the colicins, plasmids extracted from each colicin-producing (Col+) DEC strain were used to transform E. coli strain DH5α. All Col+ DH5α transformants contained one plasmid ranging in size from 1.3 to 10 kb. Some transformants were stable colicin producers whereas others were unstable. The inhibitory activity and colicin sensitivity and insensitivity profiles of the Col+ transformants were similar to those of the corresponding Col+ donor DEC strains. It appears that the untypable colicins are novel and, thus, warrant further study. Colicin production by some of the DEC strains evaluated partly explains why they were insensitive to standard colicins in a previous study.

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Aras, R., and A. Dutech. "An Investigation into Mathematical Programming for Finite Horizon Decentralized POMDPs." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 37 (March 26, 2010): 329–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.2915.

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Decentralized planning in uncertain environments is a complex task generally dealt with by using a decision-theoretic approach, mainly through the framework of Decentralized Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (DEC-POMDPs). Although DEC-POMDPS are a general and powerful modeling tool, solving them is a task with an overwhelming complexity that can be doubly exponential. In this paper, we study an alternate formulation of DEC-POMDPs relying on a sequence-form representation of policies. From this formulation, we show how to derive Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problems that, once solved, give exact optimal solutions to the DEC-POMDPs. We show that these MILPs can be derived either by using some combinatorial characteristics of the optimal solutions of the DEC-POMDPs or by using concepts borrowed from game theory. Through an experimental validation on classical test problems from the DEC-POMDP literature, we compare our approach to existing algorithms. Results show that mathematical programming outperforms dynamic programming but is less efficient than forward search, except for some particular problems. The main contributions of this work are the use of mathematical programming for DEC-POMDPs and a better understanding of DEC-POMDPs and of their solutions. Besides, we argue that our alternate representation of DEC-POMDPs could be helpful for designing novel algorithms looking for approximate solutions to DEC-POMDPs.

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Zhao, Tan, Hua Tang, Dazhou Chen, Feifei Huo, and Lei Li. "Rapid analysis of dechloranes in sediment and soil by selective pressurized liquid extraction using Mg–Al layered double oxides as sorbents." Analytical Methods 9, no. 7 (2017): 1168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay00009j.

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Medwave, Editores. "Masthead Dec;12(11)." Medwave 12, no. 11 (December 1, 2012): e5558-e5558. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2012.11.5558.

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Logan, Philippa. "DEC invests in Edinburgh." Electronics and Power 31, no. 8 (1985): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ep.1985.0330.

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Kurnianto, Edy. "Back-matter (Dec. 2019)." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 44, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.44.4.app.1-app.9.

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Lifter, Karin, Lynette K. Chandler, Deborah C. Cochran, Laurie A. Dinnebeil, Peggy A. Gallagher, Kimberly A. Christensen, and Vicki D. Stayton. "DEC Personnel Preparation Standards." Journal of Early Intervention 33, no. 2 (June 2011): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1053815111418975.

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Purcell, Edward M. "Solution 1 for Dec." American Journal of Physics 56, no. 1 (January 1988): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.15417.

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Purcell, Edward M. "Solution 2 for Dec." American Journal of Physics 56, no. 1 (January 1988): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.15418.

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Purcell, Edward M. "Solution 3 for Dec." American Journal of Physics 56, no. 1 (January 1988): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.15419.

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King, Chris. "Choosing DEC-compatible terminals." Data Processing 27, no. 6 (July 1985): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-684x(85)90269-2.

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Ross, Alexandra. "Katherine Dec #SportsDoc #OutstandingSportsPerson." British Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 20 (November 13, 2018): 1319–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-100064.

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Comerford, R. "How DEC developed Alpha." IEEE Spectrum 29, no. 7 (July 1992): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/6.144508.

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Badciong, James C., Jeffery M. Otto, and Gail L. Waring. "The Functions of the Multiproduct and Rapidly Evolving dec-1 Eggshell Gene Are Conserved Between Evolutionarily Distant Species of Drosophila." Genetics 159, no. 3 (November 1, 2001): 1089–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/159.3.1089.

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Abstract The Drosophila dec-1 gene encodes multiple proteins that are required for female fertility and proper eggshell morphogenesis. Genetic and immunolocalization data suggest that the different DEC-1 proteins are functionally distinct. To identify regions within the proteins with potential biological significance, we cloned and sequenced the D. yakuba and D. virilis dec-1 homologs. Interspecies comparisons of the predicted translation products revealed rapidly evolving sequences punctuated by blocks of conserved amino acids. Despite extensive amino acid variability, the proteins produced by the different dec-1 homologs were functionally interchangeable. The introduction of transgenes containing either the D. yakuba or the D. virilis dec-1 open reading frames into a D. melanogaster DEC-1 protein null mutant was sufficient to restore female fertility and wild-type eggshell morphology. Normal expression and extracellular processing of the DEC-1 proteins was correlated with the phenotypic rescue. The nature of the conserved features highlighted by the evolutionary comparison and the molecular resemblance of some of these features to those found in other extracellular proteins suggests functional correlates for some of the multiple DEC-1 derivatives.

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Labrador, Jorge, David Martínez-Cuadrón, Adolfo de la Fuente, Rebeca Rodríguez-Veiga, Josefina Serrano, Mar Tormo, Eduardo Rodriguez-Arboli, et al. "Azacitidine vs. Decitabine in Unfit Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Results from the PETHEMA Registry." Cancers 14, no. 9 (May 9, 2022): 2342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092342.

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The hypomethylating agents, decitabine (DEC) and azacitidine (AZA), allowed more elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients to be treated. However, there are little direct comparative data on AZA and DEC. This multicenter retrospective study compared the outcomes of AZA and DEC in terms of response and overall survival (OS). Potential predictors associated with response and OS were also evaluated. A total of 626 AML patients were included (487 treated with AZA and 139 with DEC). Response rates were similar in both groups: CR was 18% with AZA vs. 23% with DEC (p = 0.20), CR/CRi was 20.5% vs. 25% (p = 0.27) and ORR was 32% vs. 39.5% (p = 0.12), respectively. Patients with leukocytes < 10 × 109/L, bone marrow blasts < 50% and ECOG ≥ 2 had higher ORR with DEC than with AZA. OS was similar in both groups: 10.4 months (95% CI: 9.2–11.7) vs. 8.8 months (95% CI: 6.7–11.0, p = 0.455), for AZA and DEC, respectively. Age (≥80 years), leukocytes (≥ 10 × 109/L), platelet count (<20 × 109/L) and eGFR (≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2) were associated with higher OS with AZA compared to DEC. In conclusion, we found no differences in response and OS rates in AML patients treated with AZA or DEC.

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Birkholz, Katrin, Michael Schwenkert, Christian Kellner, Stefanie Gross, Georg Fey, Beatrice Schuler-Thurner, Gerold Schuler, Niels Schaft, and Jan Dörrie. "Targeting of DEC-205 on human dendritic cells results in efficient MHC class II–restricted antigen presentation." Blood 116, no. 13 (September 30, 2010): 2277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-02-268425.

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Abstract The use of dendritic cells (DCs) in therapeutic cancer vaccination requires their loading with tumor-specific antigen(s). DEC-205, a phagocytosis receptor mediating antigen uptake, is associated with CD8+ T-cell responses in mice. Here we fused an anti–DEC-205scFv to an HLA-DP4–restricted epitope from the tumor antigen MAGE-A3, and examined the suitability and efficacy of DEC-205 to deliver a helper epitope to human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). The construct specifically bound DEC-205 on human moDCs without negative impact on DC phenotype and function. We measured antigen presentation with specific autologous CD4+ T cells, generated by TCR-RNA transfection. DEC-205 targeting resulted in significant major histocompatibility complex class II–restricted antigen presentation, and was superior to loading DCs by electroporation of mRNA encoding endosome-targeted MAGE-A3-DCLAMP or by direct peptide pulsing. Anti–DEC-205scFv-MAGE-A3 was presented 100 times more efficiently than the control constructs. DC maturation before or during incubation with anti–DEC-205scFv-MAGE-A3 reduced the interleukin-10/interleukin-2 ratio. Moreover, we successfully applied the DEC-205 targeting strategy to moDCs from malignant melanoma patients. Again, DEC-205–targeted mature DCs (mDCs) presented the antigen more efficiently than peptide-pulsed DCs and maintained their stimulatory capacity after cryoconservation. Thus, DEC-205 targeting represents a feasible and effective method to deliver helper epitopes to DCs in anticancer vaccine strategies, which may also be suitable for DC targeting in vivo.

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Rocha, Sura Wanessa Santos, Maria Eduarda Rocha de França, Gabriel Barros Rodrigues, Karla Patrícia Sousa Barbosa, Ana Karolina Santana Nunes, André Filipe Pastor, Anne Gabrielle Vasconcelos Oliveira, Wilma Helena Oliveira, Rayana Leal Almeida Luna, and Christina Alves Peixoto. "Diethylcarbamazine Reduces Chronic Inflammation and Fibrosis in Carbon Tetrachloride- (CCl4-) Induced Liver Injury in Mice." Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/696383.

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This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of DEC on the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. Chronic inflammation was induced by i.p. administration of CCl40.5 μL/g of body weight through two injections a week for 6 weeks. DEC (50 mg/kg) was administered by gavage for 12 days before finishing the CCl4induction. Histological analyses of the DEC-treated group exhibited reduced inflammatory process and prevented liver necrosis and fibrosis. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses of the DEC-treated group showed reduced COX-2, IL1β, MDA, TGF-β, andαSMA immunopositivity, besides exhibiting decreased IL1β, COX-2, NFκB, IFNγ, and TGFβexpressions in the western blot analysis. The DEC group enhanced significantly the IL-10 expression. The reduction of hepatic injury in the DEC-treated group was confirmed by the COX-2 and iNOS mRNA expression levels. Based on the results of the present study, DEC can be used as a potential anti-inflammatory drug for chronic hepatic inflammation.

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Masiga, Fredrick, Edgar Kigozi, Christine Florence Najjuka, Henry Kajumbula, and David Patrick Kateete. "Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli isolated from children with acute diarrhoea at Rakai hospital, Southern Uganda." African Health Sciences 22, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 581–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v22i1.67.

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Background: Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is a leading cause of childhood diarrhoea. This study estimated the prevalence of DEC and DEC pathotypes among children with acute diarrhoea in Southern Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 267 children less than 5 years with acute diarrhoea, admitted to Rakai General Hospital in Southern Uganda. Faecal samples were collected from the children and processed for isolation of E. coli. The presence of DEC and the distribution of DEC pathotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 102 (38.2%, 102/267) children had DEC of various pathotypes – enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (14.2%); enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (6.7%); enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (6%); enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (7.5%); enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) (3%); and cell-detaching E. coli (CDEC) (0.75%). The difference in the overall prevalence of DEC was not significant regarding HIV but individually, EAEC and CDEC were associated with HIV-positive status while ETEC was associated with HIV-negative status. Conclusions: DEC is prevalent in children with acute diarrhoea in Southern Uganda and its identification in children should be considered among strategies for combatting childhood diarrhoea in Africa. Keywords: Childhood diarrhea; Escherichia coli; Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC); Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC); Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC); Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC); Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC); Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC); Rakai General Hospital; Uganda.

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"DEC News." Young Exceptional Children 5, no. 1 (October 2001): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109625060100500105.

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"DEC Announcements." Young Exceptional Children 11, no. 2 (March 2008): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096250607311935.

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"DEC Announcements." Young Exceptional Children 11, no. 3 (June 2008): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096250608316425.

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"DEC Announcements." Young Exceptional Children 11, no. 4 (June 13, 2008): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096250608321460.

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"DEC Announcements." Young Exceptional Children 12, no. 1 (December 2008): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096250608326406.

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