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1
Wu, Ya Jun, Zhu Zhi Jia, and Xiao Chen Jin. "Reactive Power Automatic Compensation Controller Based on PLC." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 2535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2535.
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A high reliability, flexible reactive power automatic compensation controller based on PLC is designed, which the structure and principle of the system is explicitly specified. The controller adopts commercial PLC as the control core,TD400C as human-machine interface, and uses ABB RVT-6 power factor controller to control the switching of the capacitor. Blocking structure is used to design software, whose structure is clear and easy to debug and modify. Running result obtained from relevant application describing the novelty of reactive power compensators implemented with new technologies is also described.
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Song, Feijun, Edgar An, and Samuel M. Smith. "Design Robust Nonlinear Controllers for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles with Comparison of Simulated and At-sea Test Data." Journal of Vibration and Control 8, no. 2 (February 2002): 189–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107754602023817.
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Successful controller development involves three distinct stages, namely, control law design, code debugging and field test. For Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) applications, the first two stages require special strategies. Since the dynamics of an AUV is highly nonlinear, and the environment that an AUV operates in is noisy with external disturbance that cannot be neglected, a robust control law must be considered in the first stage. The control law design is even more difficult when optimal criteria are also involved. In the second stage, since the software architecture on an AUV is very complicated, debugging the controllers alone without all the software routines running together often can not reveal subtle faults in the controller code. Thorough debugging needs at-sea test, which is costly. Therefore, a platform that can help designers debug and evaluate controller performance before any at-sea experiment is highly desirable. Recently, a 6 Degree of Freedom (DOF) AUV simulation toolbox was developed for the Ocean Explorer (OEX) series AUVs developed at Florida Atlantic University. The simulation toolbox is an ideal platform for controller in-lab debugging and evaluation. This paper first presents a novel robust controller design methodology, named the Sliding Mode Fuzzy Controller (SMFC). It combines sliding mode control and fuzzy logic control to create a robust, easy on-line tunable controller structure. A formal proof of the robustness of the proposed nonlinear sliding mode control is also given. A pitch and a heading controller have been designed with the presented structure and the controller code was tested on the simulation software package as well as at sea. The simulated and at-sea test data are compared. The whole controller design procedure described in this paper clearly demonstrates the advantage of using the simulation toolbox to debug and test the controller in-lab. Moreover, the pitch and heading controller have been used in the real system for more than 2 years, and have also been successfully ported to other types of vehicles without any major modification on the controller parameters. The similarity of the controller performances on different vehicles further demonstrates the robustness of the proposed Sliding Mode Fuzzy Controller. The main contribution of this paper is to provide useful insights into the design and implementation of the proposed control architecture, and its application in AUV control.
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Hao, Ying, Hao Yuan, and Feng Dong. "Design and Application of Self-Adaptive Controller Based on Q Series PLC." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 2134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.2134.
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The control of simulated beer production line is implemented based on a Q series PLC controller of Mitsubishi company. The mathematical modeling method and the self-adaptive control strategy are introduced. The Mitsubishi PX-Developer software is adopted to design, run and debug online the PID and self-adaptive PID controller. Performance comparison between the two kinds of control strategy is made. It is shown that the self-adaptive PID control algorithm has the superiority.
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Kelemen, Michal, and Peter Ján Sinčák. "PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER TRAINING STANDS FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 3(21) (2020): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2020-3(21)-274-280.
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Urgency of the research. Programmable logic controller are devices for controlling of various systems also in industry. If controlled device is complicated, it is problem to debug application, because of risk of its damage. For this purpose is better to use hardware training stand for testing of your designed application. Target setting. Training stand is as compact small device which is easy to move to another place. Also it allows to connect other hardware device for testing. Logical state hardware simulator is also designed for simulation of logic system with any user inputs with buttons or switches and also witch coloured lights for visualisation of output state.Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Training set allows to make simulation of control system with real parts before its practical use with expensive controlled system, where any mistake can cause a huge economist loses, but errors occurred during the simulation on training set only make warning and shows the weak place on design. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The questions of the networked structure of programmable logic controller structures are uninvestigated, so the next research will be focused to this. The research objective. The main goal is to create a compact device for training future application developers with a programmable logic controller, but it is also usable for developers from practice, who need to debug the program before installing it into real operation. The statement of basic materials. Existing training sets are large and expensive devices that are not easy to carry and cannot be expanded. Working with such devices is quite complicated. The designed training stand is a flexible and easily portable device. Conclusions. Main contribution is that students will gain practical experiences and skills that are essential for PLC programmers. This device supports also own creativity of students, because it allows to modify hardware composition. It uses the DIN rail system similar as in real installation cabinet. The stand also includes the human-machine interface for training of practical using of these devices.
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Jiang, Jing, and Xue Song Zhang. "Intelligent Transportation Scheduling System Based on Fuzzy Control." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.507.
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In this paper, intelligent control system in the intersection was designed by use of the control principles of green light length. The green light time from four groups were controlled by actual traffic flow, which could be detected by use of inductive sensors to auto-adjust the length of time. Secondly, combined with the traffic scale, road, time and seasonal changes situation, turn-left controller was tried to add in the traffic lights system by use of fuzzy control method at the crossroads. The feasibility of control principles from green light length were verified by debug in the PLC program.
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Yu, Ji Quan, Wan Tao Qian, and Xin Gang He. "Study on an Integrated Development Environment for PAC with Complete Intellectual Property." Applied Mechanics and Materials 135-136 (October 2011): 944–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.135-136.944.
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PAC(programmable automation controller) is a new trend of the industrial controller, but for now, most IDEs(integrated development environment) are still providing the PLC mode for users, which can not take full advantage of the PAC. Further more, in China, there is still not such IDE with complete intellectual properties for PACs designed by Chinese companies. For above purposes, the CHD-PACIDE was implemented which supported the ARM cortex-Mx series microcontrollers. This IDE consists of three layers, interface layer, data management layer and kernel layer, which managed functional modules respectively. Based on a C-like language Engineer C defined by our research team, the interface layer provided the structural graphical input mode and the text input mode for users to edit their code. The data management layer used the XML with specified format manage the flow of data. The kernel layer had two parts which were implemented in the IDE and the debug microcontroller stm8s, this layer can be used to debug user’s code through the Jtag port under the Coresight debugging structure of ARM. This IDE could be updated easily by adding the specific XML file for the new microcontroller used by the specific PAC.
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Wang, G., and X. Luo. "Design and debugging of communication between controller and Kingview based on CAN bus." World Journal of Engineering 10, no. 4 (August 21, 2013): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.10.4.395.
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By selecting hardware, erecting CAN network structure and adopting appropriate software and standard communication protocol to debug the system, the system realizes the data communication between controller and Kingview based on CAN bus. At the same time?with the detailed description of the debugging process and the validation of debugging results, the system realizes the monitor to controller by programming computer through CAN bus and the CAN data have been in a state of monitoring in the whole process. Testing results show that the system has good reliability, real-time and practicality, and shows the advantages of CAN bus.
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Guo, Jian Yuan, and Zun Wen He. "Design of General Data-Processing Board Based on Embedded PowerPC Platform." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 1981–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.1981.
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General data-processing board is designed based on POWERPC as its main processor, by extending the module of FPGA, DSP and voice circuit, also integrating Ethernet and LVDS to achieve the dual access of voice and data, in order to achieve data processing and analysis. This paper explains the general framework of data processing board, and the interface and controlling between host controller and each extensions of module, finally, explores a simple program to debug the data processing board, in order to determine the reliability and utility of the data processing board.
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Yang, Lin, and Cheng Rui Zhang. "Development of Industrial Ethernet Windows Driver for Motion Control System." Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (February 2011): 1751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.1751.
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An industrial Ethernet based motion control system is presented in the paper. The first slave node in the line topology is responsible for the precise cyclic communication, and it will reduce the real-time requirement on the main controller. The communication protocol is implemented as Windows NDIS protocol driver, and provides higher priority than normal user mode application. In addition, the development environment and process are also discussed, through which the developer can debug the system software at a single computer in both simulated mode and real mode.
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Wang, Jiang Wei, Mu Yan Ma, and Jun Min Leng. "Design of Real-Time Image Collecting Module Based on FPGA." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 1095–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.1095.
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A new pixel collecting interface board based on FPGA is designed, it is a part of conveyer belt’s fault detection device. The previous system’s controller chip CPLD is replaced by FPGA, the memory FIFO chips are replaced by SRAM, the chip CY7C68013 is chosen as the USB 2.0 controller and works in Slave FIFO transmission mode. The firmware program and application program are compiled to transmit data. The Chipscope Pro Tools are used in the system to debug online, and the correctness of data transmission can be analyzed and verified. The experimental results demonstrate that the new pixel collecting interface board has the advantage of high-speed data acquisition, and can transmit data in real time and correctly. It also has a good scalability and can be used into other high-speed acquisition systems.
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Wang, Minghui, Bi Zeng, and Qiujie Wang. "Study of Motion Control and a Virtual Reality System for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles." Algorithms 14, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14030093.
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This paper studies a novel intelligent motion control algorithm for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) and develops a virtual reality system for a new interactive experimental platform. The paper designs a robust neuro-fuzzy controller to tackle system uncertainties and external disturbances. Fuzzy control can solve the uncertainty problem of control systems. The neural network model self-tunes the controller parameters to improve the anti-interference ability. The designed control algorithm is verified using a MATLAB implementation and a virtual reality system. The virtual reality system developed in this paper can be used to debug the control algorithm, simulate the marine environment, and establish an ocean current interference model. The paper uses the MATLAB engine to realize the data communication between the MATLAB and the AUV virtual reality system. This allows the output order of the controller in MATLAB to drive the AUV in a virtual simulation system to simulate the 3D space motion.
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Praveen, Anirudh. "Automated Testing of Session Border Controller in Simulated Production Environment." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 4608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45035.
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Abstract: A Session Border Controller plays a crucial role in Unified Communications, Contact Centre Modernization and Cloud communication Services. Therefore, testing the functionality of SBC is extremely critical to the modern communication infrastructure. Testing various call scenarios through the SBC by manually making call through devices is cumbersome, timeconsuming and error-prone. Session Border Controller (SBC) devices sit in between a lot of traffic in a service provider or VoIP infrastructure and thus testing the SBC to see if all most relevant call scenarios are tested is a must in today’s production SBC environment. To enable an automated tested approach, we have simulated the setup of a real production environment SBC and tested the calls using SIPp scripts to test all the relevant VoIP call scenarios. This paper covers a methodology on how to test Session Border Controllers to be robust and reliable to be deployed in enterprise and service provider customers. This paper demonstrates how to make these simulated calls using automated scripts using an XML (eXtensibke Markup Language) based scripting tool called SIPp. To verify these tests, an opensource and free packet sniffer like Wireshark is used to follow through and check if all the intended calls have taken place. In this paper, we perform thirteen of the most relevant SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) calls by running scripts at the endpoints of our setup. The proposed approach of testing SBC makes the overall process of testing easier through automating via scripts and also allows a novice with basic understanding of the Session Initiation Protocol to test and debug issues related to the SBC faster
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Wu, Jun Hui, Quan Zhou, Hui Ping Si, Jie Chen, Kai Yan Lin, and Chi Bin Zhang. "Operating System for the Dynamic Belt Measurement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.991.
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Firstly, The core model, structure module, performance characteristics and JTAG debug interface of the microprocessor were described by this article. Then, the system power supply module, prior to the passage weighing signal and tachometer signal circuits were designed in this paper. Secondly, according to the operational needs of the belt scale system, the external memory circuit and the TFT-LCD touch screen circuit modules were studied. Finally, the high-speed circuit board PCB designed to solve EMC problems. And it described the data collection and weighing controller bus communication test situation and established the communications test platform of Profibus-DP, introduced the test experimental procedures, experiment shows the communication between master and slave test results are correct.The computing speed and accuracy, data processing compared with traditional electronic belt scale, information exchange, integration, reliability and stability will be greatly improved by the advanced embedded technology and so on.
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Jun, Chen. "Design and Implementation of the Stage Lighting and Music Control System." Advanced Materials Research 1055 (November 2014): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1055.367.
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Stage lighting and music control system plays an increasingly important role in stage performances. But in the actual control process of stage lighting and music, there is a deviation between the scene stage lighting expected and the scene with actual projection. An operator needs to debug many times before or in the performance. With the ARM microcontroller as core chips, the paper designs an intelligent stage lighting and music control system which have intellisense. The lighting console conducts wireless and remote control over the stepping motor of computer lights through NRF905 wireless RF(Radio Frequency) module. The computer lights system adopts 32-bit ARM-based processor manufactured by Luminary company as the main controller and two-phase hybrid stepping motor as the executive component. With infrared sensor, FLASH memory, SD card and Usb interface, the system has features as intelligent control, intelligent storage and plug and play. The system gets good scalability.
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U N, Kirana. "Design and Verification of LC3 Microcontroller." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 3480–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45763.
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Abstract: The main focus of the work is on utilising System Verilog to verify and debug the LC-3 Microcontroller, a 16-bit RISC processor. The utilised LC-3 Design Under Test (DUT) contains numerous flaws in the Fetch, Decode, Execute, and Controller sub-design units as well as flaws throughout. Numerous intricate SV features, including OOPS, Randomization, Functional Coverage, Assertions, and UVM, are used to identify the problems. For testing and determining the origin of design problems, the System Verilog Hardware Verification Language is combined with the Mentor Graphics Questa Simulation Environment. As long as it adheres to the design standards, the LC-3 microcontroller used for verification is presumed to function flawlessly. Otherwise, any behaviour that is not in line with the design specifications is considered a bug. The paper offers an effective approach for Verification Engineers in the Embedded Systems Industry to use System Verilog, the newest trend in the EDA Industry today, as their preferred language for debugging.
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Li, Gang, and Guoheng Ren. "Wearable Power Assistant Robot Sensor Signal Prediction Algorithm and Controller Design." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2022 (May 14, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4605389.
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The wearable power-assisted robot is a typical auxiliary rehabilitation robot. It is an exoskeleton power-assisted device that helps people to expand their lower limb movement capabilities. Its basic principle is to obtain the motion intention information of the human body through the perception system. Control the DC servo motor installed at the hip joint and the knee joint to drive the movement of the link, so as to achieve the purpose of providing assistance to the human body. In order to improve the dynamic response frequency of the wearable robotic perception system, a sensor signal based on time series analysis is proposed. The online prediction algorithm, which can perform single-step or multistep prediction under the premise of ensuring certain accuracy, can multiply the dynamic response frequency of the wearable-assisted robot sensing system to ensure the real-time performance of the whole system. In order to realize the sensor signal prediction algorithm, we design the corresponding software and hardware system to realize the prediction algorithm. The whole sensor signal prediction algorithm implementation system can be divided into two parts: lower computer and upper computer. The lower computer includes amplification circuit, signal conditioning circuit, and acquisition. The signal processing software part of the circuit and the corresponding MCU and the upper computer mainly include the data acquisition and prediction algorithm implementation, and the upper computer adopts the mixed programming technology of Vc++ and MATLAB to complete the software part of the upper computer. Aiming at the control part of the wearable robotic sensing system, the first generation of DC servo motor embedded motion controller is designed. The motion controller adopts the design concept of embedded motion controller, which has small size, is light weight, and has good expandability. And the motion controller can communicate and debug with the host computer through the serial port, which lays a foundation for the design of the entire embedded control system.
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Yu, Shuwen, and Guangbo Hao. "On a Vision-Based Manipulator Simulator." Actuators 12, no. 2 (February 12, 2023): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act12020078.
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This paper presents a typical grasp–hold–release micromanipulation simulator based on MATLAB and Simulink. Closed-loop force and position control were implemented only based on a camera. The work was mainly focused on control performance improvements and GUI design. Different types of control strategies were investigated in both the position and force control processes. Finally, incremental PID and positional PID were adopted in the gripper position control and force control processes, respectively. The best performance of the gripper position control was the fast response of 0.3 s without overshoot and steady-state errors in the range of 10–40 Hz. The new camera control algorithm kept a big motion range (4.48 × 4.48 mm) and a high position resolution of 0.56 µm, with a high force resolution of 1.56 µN in the force control stage. The maximum error between the measured force and the real force was maintained below 4 µN. The steady-state error and the setting time were less than 1.2% and less than 1.5 s, respectively. A separate app, the Image Generation Simulator app, was developed to assist users in getting suitable initial coordinates, camera parameters, desired position resolutions, and force resolutions, which are packed as a standalone executable file. The main app can run the simulation model, debug, playback, and report simulation results, and calculate the calibration equation. Different initial coordinates, camera parameters, sample frequencies, controller parameters, and even controller types can be adjusted from this app.
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KOZINETS, Alexei V., Vladimir L. BASINIUK, and Rita E. VOLKOTRUB. "METHOD FOR SELECTING THE FUNCTIONING MODES OF THE CARRIAGE DRIVE OF PROBE EQUIPMENT DURING TRANSIENT PROCESSES. PART 2." Mechanics of Machines, Mechanisms and Materials 1, no. 62 (March 2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.46864/1995-0470-2023-1-62-47-54.
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The article presents the results of studies, the analysis of which made it possible to identify features that affect the duration of the main periods of horizontal movement by the carriage drive with the object stage of the probe control equipment, the main of which include the mode of smoothness (dynamics) of movement and the accelerations associated with it during acceleration and braking, provided by the setting of the motor controller, as well as the step of displacement. It is shown that for specific inertia-stiffness and damping characteristics of the probe control equipment, the determination of accelerations for each mode of smoothness and duration of damping of mechanical oscillations after the carriage with the object stage moves to a given coordinate can be carried out in the debug mode of the probe control equipment or automatically using adaptive control. A method is proposed for selecting rational operating modes for the carriage drive with an object stage of probe equipment during transient processes using a database and a displacement step (of crystal size), which makes it possible for each smoothness mode to determine the cyclogram of its displacement and the total duration of the entire cycle, from which the minimum cycle is selected and implemented.
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Vyngra, Alexei Viktorovich. "Autonomous inverter for single-phase active filter of harmonic distortions in ship power network." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-2-82-89.
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The article focuses on the problem of documentary control of the level of harmonic distortions in the ship power network. It has been proposed to use active filters to improve the quality of electric flow on board a ship. There is given a block diagram of the active filter. The methods of designing power electronic devices have been studied. A device for converting DC voltage into sinusoidal AC was designed on the platform of the STM32F4 debug board. The device includes a control system, power amplifiers, short circuit protection and power switches. A low power transformer is provided to convert voltage levels. The controller software was developed using the MATLAB / Simulink software package, and the board was debugged and flashed. Comparison of the device stability and the generated signal quality at different carrier frequencies has been made. It has been stated that the software for the device operation consists of two levels: the lower (code to the microcontroller) and the interface (which communicates and transfers data in real time to a personal computer). Oscillograms of voltages and currents at key points of the converter's electrical circuit are shown. The data obtained from the operation of the device made it possible to evaluate the assembly quality and to determine the scope of application of the developed device. The device is capable of generating a signal of a given frequency and amplitude including interharmonic components, which makes it possible to use it as an active current filter for power systems on ships.
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Babii, Andrii, and Andrii Samila. "Dual Authentication Technique for RFID Access Control Systems with Increased Level of Protection." Security of Infocommunication Systems and Internet of Things, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/sisiot2023.1.01011.
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Currently, there are no uniform international standards for devices and systems that use radio frequency identification technology. Using tag alone as an identifier imposes certain restrictions on the level of protection of access control systems, since the unique tag identifier can be easily copied, so two-step authentication is required. The second level of protection can be a digital password entered via the keyboard. The work presents dual authentication technique for access control to the premises. Increasing the level of protection of radio frequency identification systems is achieved by the additional use of a digital password encrypted using a symmetric block encryption algorithm and recorded on the tag. This removes any restrictions on the number of registered users in the system, because passwords and IDs are stored on tags. The laboratory model of the device is based on the NodeMCU-32S Opensource platform with an RFID module that allows connection to most fog and cloud services of the Internet of things. The development is based on the ESP32 controller, which supports the necessary set of commands and hardware for implementing the methodology, in particular, wireless standards and communication protocols, hardware-accelerated encryption. The Cayenne service from MyDevices was chosen as the cloud platform, which made it possible to configure the device using the publish-subscribe messaging protocol and develop a graphical user interface. A log on the Cayenne platform is used to keep track of users, a character display is used to display the current status and settings of the device, and a serial interface is used to debug work algorithms. The software is implemented using the Arduino C programming language.
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Wicaksono, Mochamad Hanif Dwi, and Widi Aribowo. "Pengendalian Motor DC Menggunakan Arduino Uno Pada Rancang Bangun Electrostatic Precipitator." INAJEEE Indonesian Journal of Electrical and Eletronics Engineering 2, no. 2 (August 30, 2019): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/inajeee.v2n2.p29-33.
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Pada penelitian ini, penggerak hammer pada plat collecting elektrode menggunakan mikrocontroller ardiuino uno sebagai penggerak motor DC. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan pengendalian motor DC menggunakan Arduino uno pada rancang bangun electrostatic precipitator untuk pengendapan debu limbah industri. Prinsip kerja dari alat ini ketika saklar rangkaian control di on kan EC Centrifugal Fan akan bekerja selama 40 detik, kecepatan EC Centrifugal Fan dapat diatur dengan cara memutar potensio meter yang ada pada ruang controller. setelah 40 detik EC Centrifugal Fan akan mati dan motor hammer akan bekerja selama 20 detik untuk merontokan debuh yang menempel pada plat CE.
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Rajan, Raghu, Jessica Lizeth Borja Diaz, Suresh Guttikonda, Fabio Ferreira, André Biedenkapp, Jan Ole Von Hartz, and Frank Hutter. "MDP Playground: An Analysis and Debug Testbed for Reinforcement Learning." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 77 (July 12, 2023): 821–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.14314.
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We present MDP Playground, a testbed for Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents with dimensions of hardness that can be controlled independently to challenge agents in different ways and obtain varying degrees of hardness in toy and complex RL environments. We consider and allow control over a wide variety of dimensions, including delayed rewards, sequence lengths, reward density, stochasticity, image representations, irrelevant features, time unit, action range and more. We define a parameterised collection of fast-to-run toy environments in OpenAI Gym by varying these dimensions and propose to use these to understand agents better. We then show how to design experiments using MDP Playground to gain insights on the toy environments. We also provide wrappers that can inject many of these dimensions into any Gym environment. We experiment with these wrappers on Atari and Mujoco to allow for understanding the effects of these dimensions on environments that are more complex than the toy environments. We also compare the effect of the dimensions on the toy and complex environments. Finally, we show how to use MDP Playground to debug agents, to study the interaction of multiple dimensions and describe further use-cases.
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Zachariasse, Frank, Harry Roberts, and Peter van der Cruijsen. "Depositing Controlled, Matched Resistors for Circuit Edit of Analog Circuitry." EDFA Technical Articles 17, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.edfa.2015-4.p014.
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Abstract During a silicon debug, it was found that the gain of a radio receiver circuit dropped dramatically at certain frequencies due to an imbalance in one of the signal paths. A metal fix was proposed, but consensus could not be reached on how to validate it because of the difficulty of the FIB edit required and the inherent uncertainty of the approach. In this article, the authors explain how they came up with an alternative approach that proved to be faster, more reliable, and easier to validate than the cut-and-join fix initially proposed. They describe each step of the analog circuit editing process, explaining how they deposit, characterize, and connect matched resistors using focused ion beam techniques.
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Kramer, Klaus-Dietrich, Annedore Söchting, and Thomas Stolze. "Fuzzy Control Teaching Models." Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology 13 (2016): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3490.
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Many degree courses at technical universities include the subject of control systems engineering. As an addition to conventional approaches Fuzzy Control can be used to easily find control solutions for systems, even if they include nonlinearities. To support further educational training, models which represent a technical system to be controlled are required. These models have to represent the system in a transparent and easy cognizable manner. Furthermore, a programming tool is required that supports an easy Fuzzy Control development process, including the option to verify the results and tune the system behavior. In order to support the development process a graphical user interface is needed to display the fuzzy terms under real time conditions, especially with a debug system and trace functionality. The experiences with such a programming tool, the Fuzzy Control Design Tool (FHFCE Tool), and four fuzzy teaching models will be presented in this paper. The methodical and didactical objective in the utilization of these teaching models is to develop solution strategies using Computational Intelligence (CI) applications for Fuzzy Controllers in order to analyze different algorithms of inference or defuzzyfication and to verify and tune those systems efficiently.
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Atkins, Robert, and Daniel Hart. "The under-controlled do it first: Childhood personality and sexual debut." Research in Nursing & Health 31, no. 6 (June 3, 2008): 626–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nur.20288.
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Zhou, Qiang, and Ming Wang. "Design of PCI Express X1 to CPCI Express X1 Adapter." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1262.
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This paper presents the design and development of a PCI Express X1 to CPCI Express X1 adapter which researchers can utilize to test, debug and develop CPCI/PXI Express X1 interface cards in PCI Express X1, X4, X8, X16 slots. The adapter uses Multi-layer Impedance Controlled PCB to precisely control the single-ended and differential impedance of the core high-speed transceiver differential signals and the clock signal. Signal integrity was analyzed by HyperLynx and online tests were verified successfully. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the adapter is completely compatible with the interface specifications and the transferred signal is correct and effective.
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Buzunov, Nikolai V., Vyacheslav V. Ivanenkov, Roman D. Pirozhkov, Boris B. Kositsyn, and Georgy O. Kotiev. "The method of development of the electronic control system for curvilinear motion of a high-speed tracked vehicle with dual-flow transmission." Tractors and Agricultural Machinery 90, no. 2 (July 27, 2023): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-312191.
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BACKGROUND: Handling and safety requirements to high-speed tracked vehicles (HSTV) rise in tandem with the growth of average motion velocities. The issue of ensuring continuously variable turn radius at curvilinear motion is relevant for HSTVs. Current layouts of steering mechanisms are able to meet this requirement, however they have certain disadvantages and are not compatible with electronic systems improving motion safety and lowering demands to mechanic-drivers skills.
AIMS: The synthesis of control laws for dual-flow transmission with a hydrostatic steering mechanism (HSSM) controlled by an electromechanical actuator which exclude hard links between steering handwheel and working volume adjustment mechanism of the HSSM.
METHODS: The study methods are based on using numerical simulation and ensuring real-time operation of the developed models. In addition, the study methods include synthesis of control algorithms for vehicles mechanical systems, used in on-board controllers, with adequacy assessment at virtual and laboratory experiments.
RESULTS: The method of development of control systems (CS) making possible to develop and to debug CSs without a HSTV prototype has been put into force. With using the described method, the total time of CS development and debugging reduces. Workability of the method is proved with the example of development of the CS for curvilinear motion of the HSTV with dual-flow transmission.
CONCLUSIONS: The study aim has been achieved, the accomplished work shows validity of the given methof of CS development.
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Klinachev, Nikolay, Nadezhda Kuleva, Sergey Voronin, and Pavel Shaburov. "Methods of Debugging and Starting Frequency Converters for Electric Drive." Известия высших учебных заведений. Электромеханика 65, no. 4 (2022): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0136-3360-2022-4-64-71.
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The article describes a method for starting power drive frequency converters, which reduces the risks and the cost of possible errors. To debug the system controllers as well as the algorithms for changing settings and the operation of protections, it is proposed to run a computational model of an electric motor with a mechanical load on the converter microcontroller. A specialized human-machine interface has been developed that displays the movement of a synchro-nous motor coordinates with permanent magnet excitation on a computer screen in the analog form. A demonstration kit (consisting of five microcircuits) for microcontrollers of the "Electrosila" class of domestic production being pro-posed. The kit can contribute to the program distribution for controlling motors and can be used as non-serial instru-mentation "PWM converter - voltage" and "CAN bus adapter".
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Gayet, Cecilia, and Fatima Juárez. "Influencia de las creencias de género en la trayectoria sexual y reproductiva de las mujeres jóvenes mexicanas." Papeles de Población 26, no. 103 (March 31, 2020): 89–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.22185/24487147.2020.103.04.
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The objective of this work is to study how gender believes influence different sexual and re-productive trajectories of women once controlled by social origin stratum, the schooling years reached and other variables of interest. Using the National Survey of Determinant Factors of Adolescent Pregnancy 2017 (Encuesta Nacional de los Factores Determinantes del Embara-zo Adolescente —Enfadea 2017), we estimated a gender believes index and constructed three groups of women, one with gender believes that are more traditional, other intermediate and another with gender relieves less traditional. Through logistic regression models, we analyzed the influence of gender believes on age at sexual debut, use of contraception at the first intercour-se, and age of women at first birth born alive. To have less traditional believes influence women to initiate sexual debut at an earlier age and use contraception in that act, independently of the social origin stratum and years of schooling. Gender believes were not associated to having a child before age 20.
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Fathony, Achmad Fiqih. "Rancang Bangun Prototype ESP untuk Pengendapan Debu Limbah Industri dengan menggunakan Transformator Flyback." Sains Data Jurnal Studi Matematika dan Teknologi 1, no. 1 (March 10, 2023): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52620/sainsdata.v1i1.6.
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In this study ElectroStatic Precipitator (ESP) is one of the alternative dust catchers with high efficiency (reaching above 90%) and the range of particles obtained is quite large. The purpose of this research is to know the process of making ESP prototypes, to know how flyback transformers work as high voltage suppliers on ESP prototypes and to know the capture of industrial waste dust. This research uses experimental engineering methods. The shape of the prototype electrostatic precipitator is made using materials from acrylic, wood, and paralon 2 1/2 dim. From the results of testing and efficiency calculations on electrostatic prototype precipitators that have been conducted. The working principle of this tool when the control circuit switch on to the EC Centrifugal Fan will work for 40 seconds, the speed of the EC Centrifugal Fan can be set by rotating the potensio meter in the controller room. After 40 seconds EC Centrifugal Fan will ma. After 40 seconds the EC Centrifugal Fan will die and the hammer motor will work for 20 seconds to knock out the dust attached to the CE plate.
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Voloshyna, Natalia, Vitalii Vasylovskyi, Tetiana Negreba, Valery Kirzhner, Tetiana Pogulyaeva, Maksym Chernenko, Ivan Voloshyn-Gaponov, and Kseniia Pisotska. "Correlation analysis between clinical indicators in different types of multiple sclerosis." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 30, issue 1 (110) (June 12, 2022): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v30-is1-2022-3.
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Objective: to assess the influence of clinical indicators on the nature of the prognosis for different types of multiple sclerosis (MS) using correlation analysis Correlation analysis was carried out between clinical indicators characterizing different time stages (premorbid stage, debut, remission after debut and recurrent stage in recurrent and secondary-progressive (SP), progression stage in SP and primary progressive course of MS. In graphical form, structures were obtained that selectively unite groups of indicators with high connections (0.95 and higher) in the so-called clinical and statistical syndromes, which in the form of a special network were a system of connections between clinical symptoms (indicators) during the entire period of the disease development. In the obtained correlation structures, two levels of organization of connections were distinguished: intra-stage and inter-stage, which have different structural organization for different types of MS flow. For each type of course, three groups of indicators are identified: the first group (the so-called “centers of influence”) includes indicators from which the arrows are directed to other symptoms; the second group (the so-called “controlled” indicators), which “accumulate” incoming influences from the outside; the third group (the so-called “transit” indicators), which simultaneously have both influence networks and controlled networks, i. e. equally combine two alternative options. Analysis of the connections between the indicated groups of indicators with different informational value determined the further nature of the forecast. The study made it possible to prove that the formation of a prognosis within the framework of a single nosological form (MS) occurs as a result of a complex multilevel structural reorganization of correlations between individual clinical indicators, both at different time stages and with different types of the course of the disease.
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Santi, Darma, and Jacson Victor Morin. "Perancangan Sistem Monitoring Parameter Kualitas Udara (Suhu, CO, LPG dan Debu) berbasis IOT." Jurnal Natural 17, no. 2 (January 2, 2022): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/jn.v17i2.156.
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Research has been carried out on the design of a monitoring system for air quality parameters (temperature, CO, LPG and dust) whose data is integrated in real time. The measuring instrument uses the Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller base. The MQ-9 and MQ-5 gas sensors are used to measure air pollution, while the LM35 and DSM 501A sensors are used for temperature and dust. This system is also connected with Xbee S2 as a data sender and receiver based on WIFI. The voltage source is connected to a 10 W solar panel which is regulated by the charger controller so that when the battery is full, the battery charging connection will be disconnected. The software used is Arduino IDE 1.8.1 and X-CTU. The data that can be measured by the tool is the level of air pollution of CO and LPG gas, air temperature and PM 2.5 particulates in the air. The measurement phase was tested with samples of gas (CO and LPG) as well as a heat source and a cold source for temperature. The test data shows that all sensors are able to detect the presence of CO and LPG gas, temperature differences and dust levels in the air and then display the data in real time.
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Oujidi, Mostafa, and Serge Elmi. "Evolution de l'architecture des monts d'Oujda (Maroc oriental) pendant le Trias et au debut du Jurassique." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 171, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/171.2.169.
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Abstract Isopach maps of the Triassic-Lower Liassic volcano-sedimentary successions in the Oujda Mountains (eastern Morocco) have been drawn and complemented by the study of the directions of the doleritic dykes. New interpretations of the dynamics of this part of the northern Gondwana margin during the beginning of the Mesozoic rifting are proposed. The tectonic pattern of the Oujda Mountains was controlled by the conjugate motion of N070 degrees E-N090 degrees E (Atlasic) and N150 degrees E-N160 degrees E faults. This extensional regime led to the differentiation of several strike-slip or pull-apart basins delimited by conjugate faults: Oujda, Ahajfoune, Oued El Himer, Tiouli, North Jerada and Metroh depocentres. Some of these are distinct from the others and have sustained a differential subsidence. They have undergone a differential subsidence but this is almost always balanced by the rate of sedimentation and by the basaltic flows which underline the palaeostructures.
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Crosby, Richard A., Kim H. Miller, Ruth R. Staten, and Melody Noland. "Prevalence and correlates of HIV testing among college students: an exploratory study." Sexual Health 2, no. 1 (2005): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh04047.
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Objectives: Whether college students who are most at-risk of HIV infection are being tested is unknown. This exploratory study identified the prevalence and correlates of ever having an HIV test among college students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among a probability sample of 903 college students. Measures of sexual risk behaviour were assessed. Results: Of the students surveyed, 22.5% reported they had been tested for HIV. Testing was more likely among those 20 years of age or older (27.8% v. 14.7%; P = 0.0001), females (25.4% v. 17.8%; P = 0.01), and members of racial/ethnic minorities (42.7% v. 20.3%; P = 0.0001). After adjusting for these covariates, those who reported ever having vaginal sex (AOR = 5.5; 95% CI = 3.1–9.6); anal sex (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.6–3.6), and oral sex (AOR = 6.3; 95% CI = 3.0–13.3) were significantly more likely to report being tested. Students having vaginal sex in the past 12 months were significantly more likely to report testing (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI = 3.1–9.1). Those reporting vaginal sexual debut (AOR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.2–3.1) or oral sexual debut (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.1–2.5) ≤age 15 were significantly more likely to be tested. Students reporting four or more sex partners were significantly more likely to be tested than sexually experienced students reporting fewer partners (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI = 2.2–4.6). Finally, those reporting at least one episode of forced vaginal sex (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI = 2.1–7.2) and reporting at least one episode of any forced sex (vaginal, anal, oral) (AOR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.8–5.0) were significantly more likely to report being tested. Conclusions: Within this population, demographically controlled findings suggest that those most at-risk of HIV infection are indeed being tested for the virus.
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Brzozowski, Bartosz, Wiesław Sobieraj, and Konrad Wojtowicz. "UAV Avionics System Software Development Using Simulation Method." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 260–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.260.
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During last few years avionics system research platform was invented at the Military University of Technology. This modular simulator allows user to design and verify avionics system software using hardware-in-the-loop technique. Mathematical model of an airplane under tests is implemented on a high-performance computer which response to all control signals and environmental disturbances. Environment is simulated on a separate computer which can also visualize orientation and movement of the airplane. Plane structure and aerodynamic features as well as control data can be modified accordingly to user needs. The third PC is used as an interface unit between research platform and main computational unit of the avionics system. This device can send and receive information in real-time using various data protocols and interfaces depending on sensors and actuators that are planned to be used in real system. Those three computers work in a local area network and exchange data using Gigabit Ethernet standard. Possibility to simulate behavior of an UAV controlled by the developed avionics system implemented on an embedded computer working in hardware-in-the-loop mode on the platform, allows software developer to debug any part of the application in various environment conditions very close to reality. Research platform gives also the possibility to modify algorithm and adjust its parameters in real-time to verify suitability of the implemented avionics system software for the particular UAV. The avionics system software developed using this simulation method minimize expensive in-flight tests and assure failsafe performance after first successful flight
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Ouranidis, Andreas, Theodora Choli-Papadopoulou, Eleni T. Papachristou, Rigini Papi, and Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos. "Biopharmaceutics 4.0, Advanced Pre-Clinical Development of mRNA-Encoded Monoclonal Antibodies to Immunosuppressed Murine Models." Vaccines 9, no. 8 (August 11, 2021): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9080890.
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Administration of mRNA against SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated sufficient efficacy, tolerability and clinical potential to disrupt the vaccination field. A multiple-arm, cohort randomized, mixed blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to investigate the in vivo expression of mRNA antibodies to immunosuppressed murine models to conduct efficacy, safety and bioavailability evaluation. Enabling 4.0 tools we reduced animal sacrifice, while interventions were designed compliant to HARRP and SPIRIT engagement: (a) Randomization, blinding; (b) pharmaceutical grade formulation, monitoring; (c) biochemical and histological analysis; and (d) theoretic, statistical analysis. Risk assessment molded the study orientations, according to the ARRIVE guidelines. The primary target of this protocol is the validation of the research hypothesis that autologous translation of Trastuzumab by in vitro transcribed mRNA-encoded antibodies to immunosuppressed animal models, is non-inferior to classical treatments. The secondary target is the comparative pharmacokinetic assessment of the novel scheme, between immunodeficient and healthy subjects. Herein, the debut clinical protocol, investigating the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic impact of mRNA vaccination to immunodeficient organisms. Our design, contributes novel methodology to guide the preclinical development of RNA antibody modalities by resolving efficacy, tolerability and dose regime adjustment for special populations that are incapable of humoral defense.
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Zaitseva, Ekaterina L., Alla Y. Tokmakova, Viktor M. Zhilyaev, Natalia M. Malysheva, Natalia I. Sazonova, Gagik R. Galstyan, and Aleksandr V. Vorontsov. "A prospective randomized controlled trial of bone metabolism in patients with charcot foot." Diabetes mellitus 23, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/dm11272.
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BACKGROUND: Diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (DNOAP, Charcots foot) - is a progressive destructive inflammatory disease of the osteoarticular apparatus of the foot, untimely and inadequate treatment of which can lead to the formation of gross deformities. More often, DNOAP is unilateral, bilateral lesion is relatively rare. It is not always possible to trace the relationship between the debut of DNOAP with trauma and chronic hyperglycemia. There is data demonstrating the role of individual pro-inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of DNOAP, however, studies combining the evaluation of various metabolic markers of Charcots foot formation are currently extremely poor.
AIM: To evaluate the hormonal and metabolic markers of bone formation and resorption in patients with DNOAP and without this diabetic complication.
METHODS: A prospective, controlled trial included 70 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (37 men and 43 women) who formed 2 groups: group 1 included patients with DNOAP, group 2 was formed by patients with diabetes without foot skeleton damage. All patients underwent a study of 1,25-OH-vitamin D, sclerostin, pro-MMP-1, C-terminal propeptide type 1 collagen (PICP), type 1 collagen, osteocalcin, PTH, 25-OH-vitamin D, beta-cross-slaps.
RESULTS: The results of the studies confirmed the presence of vitamin D deficiency in all patients with diabetes mellitus included in the study, revealed the absence of statistically significant differences between the groups in the values of sclerostin, pro-MMP-1; 25-OH-vitamin D, type I collagen, and osteocalcin (p 0.05). However, significant differences were found in the 1.25-OH vitamin D levels: patients with DNOAP presented the lower rates of 1,25-OH-vitamin D in comparison to control group (p 0.05). Beta-cross and PICP levels were significantly higher in DNOAP patients as well (p 0.05). Those findings show the more severe collagen degradation in patients with DNOAP and can be the genetically predisposed cause of DNOAP development. Though further studies are needed.
CONCLUSION: In patients with DNOAP a decrease in 1,25-OH-vitamin D levels was found, as well as the alteration of the synthesis and destruction of collagen (beta-cross-slaps and PICP) compared to patients with diabetes mellitus without osteoarticular disorders.
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Koloskova, O., T. Bilous, N. Shevchenko, and G. Bilyk. "Efficiency of bronchial asthma control in children of school age depending on the features of the disease debut." Bukovinian Medical Herald 25, no. 1(97) (May 26, 2021): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxv.1.97.2021.8.
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Objective. To assess the effectiveness of achieving and maintaining control of bronchial asthma in children during dynamic observation, depending on the characteristics of the onset of the disease.
Material and methods. In order to study the peculiarities of the course and controllability of bronchial asthma in children, depending on the alternative onset of the disease, 319 children were comprehensively examined by the "experience-control" method in parallel groups using a simple random sample on the basis of the Regional Children's Clinical Hospital in Chernivtsi. In 257 patients (I clinical group), bronchial asthma developed on the background of chronic obstructive bronchitis, the II clinical group included 43 children in whom BA debuted after suffering community-acquired pneumonia, and the third (III) clinical group was formed by 19 children in whom BA was verified after inpatient treatment for status asthmaticus.
Research results. It was shown that the representatives of the III clinical group, compared with other patients, probably more often had the phenotype of early asthma and severe disease, and the ratio of the chances of severe asthma in the future for these children compared with the cohort of group I was 6.8. According to the results of self-assessment of asthma control on standardized questionnaires GINA and AST, as well as using a clinical-instrumental assessment scale, it was found that the level of disease control in all groups was insufficient, and the distribution of children in clinical groups in group III relative to other patients with partially controlled and uncontrolled asthma predominated. The conducted standard anti-inflammatory basic treatment allowed to achieve certain positive changes in patients of clinical observation groups, and the representatives of the III clinical group required more active basic anti-inflammatory therapy, in particular, the volume of the 1st step in GINA compared to patients of the I group was prescribed twice less often, and the 4th - 6.9 times more often.
Conclusion. Patients with the onset of bronchial asthma in the form of status asthmaticus further retain a worse level of control over the disease as compared to patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis or pneumonia in history. This cohort of patients requires a larger volume of basic treatment, as well as a personalized approach to prescribing therapy with the obligatory consideration of the characteristics of asthma onset.
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Resmi, Ayu Citra, Riece Hariyati, and Anna Mailasari Kusuma Dewi. "Pengaruh cuci hidung terhadap gejala, transpor mukosiliar, dan eosinofil hidung pada pekerja pabrik kayu." Oto Rhino Laryngologica Indonesiana 47, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32637/orli.v47i1.193.
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Latar belakang: Bekerja di lingkungan dengan debu kayu menyebabkan inhalasi partikel melaluisaluran pernapasan termasuk hidung. Pajanan debu kayu dapat menimbulkan keluhan di hidung, gangguantranspor mukosiliar hidung (TMSH), dan reaksi inflamasi di mukosa rongga hidung. Cuci hidung NaCl0,9% dianggap dapat mengurangi gejala, memperbaiki TMSH, dan mengurangi mediator inflamasi dimukosa rongga hidung.Tujuan: Membuktikan pengaruh cuci hidung NaCl 0,9% terhadap perbaikan skorgejala, waktu TMSH, dan jumlah eosinofil hidung.Metode: Penelitian intervensi, uji acak terkendali disebuah pabrik kayu pada bulan Januari – Maret 2016. Sampel pekerja yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusidan eksklusi, kemudian dihitung skor gejala hidung menggunakan SNOT20, waktu TMSH dan jumlaheosinofil hidung. Kelompok perlakuan diberi cuci hidung NaCl 0,9% sebanyak 2 kali per hari dan selalumenggunakan masker. Kelompok kontrol memakai masker saja. Perlakuan diberikan selama 2 minggu,setelah itu dihitung kembali skor gejala SNOT 20, waktu TMSH, dan jumlah eosinofil hidung.Hasil:Didapati subyek penelitian sebanyak 36 orang pekerja pabrik kayu, 18 sampel diberi perlakuan dan 18sampel kontrol. Skor gejala hidung dan waktu TMSH setelah perlakuan, lebih baik dibanding kontrol(p<0,05). Jumlah eosinofil hidung setelah perlakuan tidak lebih rendah dibanding kontrol (p=0,324).Kesimpulan: Cuci hidung NaCl 0,9% terbukti berpengaruh terhadap perbaikan skor gejala hidung danwaktu TMSH, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah eosinofil hidung.Kata kunci: Debu kayu, transpor mukosiliar, SNOT20, eosinofil, cuci hidung, NaCl 0,9% ABSTRACTBackground: Working in wood dust exposure causes particle inhalation through respiratory system,including the nose. It promotes nasal symptoms, nasal mucocilliary transport (NMCT) disfunction, andinflamatory response of nasal mucosa. Nasal saline irrigation 0.9% is considered to decrease symptoms,restore nose mucocilliary transport, and decrease inflamatory mediator in nasal mucosa hence workingcaused-diseases. Purpose: To find out the effect of nasal saline irrigation 0.9% on symptoms score,NMCT, and eosinophil count. Method: Interventional study, randomized controlled trial at a wood factoryduring January – March 2016. Samples which fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria, were examinedtheir nasal symptoms score by SNOT20, NMCT time, and nasal eosinophil count. Treatment group wasgiven nasal saline irrigation 0.9% twice a day and always wore mask during work. On the other hand,control group only wore mask during work. The treatment was given for two weeks and reexamination ofSNOT20 symptoms score, NMCT time and nasal eosinophil count were conducted afterwards. Comparativeanalysis test between two groups in this study was using unpaired t-test. Results: There were 36 samplesin this study, 18 as control group and 18 as treatment group. We found that nasal symptoms score andNMCT time after the treatment were improved, compared to the control group (p<0.05). Neverthelessnasal eosinophil count in the treatment group was not improved compared to the control group (p=0.324).Conclusion: Nasal saline irrigation 0.9% gave positive effect to the improvement of the nasal symptomsscore and NMCT, but it had no significant influence to the nasal eosinophil count.Keywords: Wood dust, mucocilliary transport, SNOT20, eosinophil, nasal saline irrigation
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Palermo, Tia, Leah Prencipe, and Lusajo Kajula. "Effects of Government-Implemented Cash Plus Model on Violence Experiences and Perpetration Among Adolescents in Tanzania, 2018‒2019." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 12 (December 2021): 2227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306509.
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Objectives. To examine the impacts of a government-implemented cash plus program on violence experiences and perpetration among Tanzanian adolescents. Methods. We used data from a cluster randomized controlled trial (n = 130 communities) conducted in the Mbeya and Iringa regions of Tanzania to isolate impacts of the “plus” components of the cash plus intervention. The panel sample comprised 904 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years living in households receiving a government cash transfer. We estimated intent-to-treat impacts on violence experiences, violence perpetration, and pathways of impact. Results. The plus intervention reduced female participants’ experiences of sexual violence by 5 percentage points and male participants’ perpetration of physical violence by 6 percentage points. There were no intervention impacts on emotional violence, physical violence, or help seeking. Examining pathways, we found positive impacts on self-esteem and participation in livestock tending and, among female participants, a positive impact on sexual debut delays and a negative effect on school attendance. Conclusions. By addressing poverty and multidimensional vulnerability, integrated social protection can reduce violence. Public Health Implications. There is high potential for scale-up and sustainability, and this program reaches some of the most vulnerable and marginalized adolescents. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(12):2227–2238. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306509 )
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Gheorghe, Vlad Alui. "“The literary debuts of the Romanian 80’s generation”." Sæculum 49, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/saec-2020-0009.
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AbstractIndividual identity crisis became an obsessive theme of the Central-European literature, lived intensively in this space. From this point of view, the generations and literary promotions of the 1960 and 1970’s Romania benefited from a specific openness due to a complex of social, political and historical factors. The 80s generation appeared in a full process of strengthening the ideological vigilance after the famous July Theses introduced by Nicolae Ceausescu following the North Korean model. Although there were the same rules and the same barriers for beginners of the era, the issue was treated and felt differently. While some suffer from the delay of the debut, others are patient because they trust their chance, others give up. Even if the overall context was an oppressive one and the institution of censorship was the one that controlled the literature during the communist period, authors managed to adapt and write no matter what, they found accepted ways that did not alter their message and they published under conditions that today we can hardly call without doubt honourable. The published authors had visibility and were united around some literary circles, forming what Allen Ginsberg called in The Best Minds of My Generation: A Literary History of the Beats, «circles of liberation.»
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Puyda, Volodymyr. "Computer vision system for research in the area of defectoscopy for materials and products." Computer systems and network 4, no. 1 (December 16, 2022): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/csn2022.01.122.
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In many cases, visual and optical methods can be used in defectoscopy for different materials and products. With the development of microprocessor components and significant expansion of usage of computer technologies and image processing and analysis techniques in different areas, the use of visual and optical methods in defectoscopy for production and research purposes is rapidly developing. In this paper, the author proposes a computer vision system for experiments and research in the area of studying defects of materials and products. The system uses modern methods of image processing and object identification based on their images. The system allows to install the object so that it can be rotated horizontally, take high-quality images of the object using a digital video camera, pre- process images to enhance image quality using a local computing module, transfer images to the main computing module to identify defects and make decisions about rejection of the material or product. To install and rotate the material or product, the author uses the stepper motor 17HS4401 and a horizontal platform fixed on the vertical axis. The stepper motor is controlled using Microstep Driver TB6600 and a local computing module based on a microcontroller with an ARM Cortex-M7 core. The video stream is recorded using a USB microscope video camera which provides sufficiently high image resolution allowing to find defects on the object surface of size 50 micron and larger. Rotation speed can be controlled using a local computing module. The input data for the local computing module can be provided in the form of a video stream or a sequence of images. The local computing module has an LCD screen based on the ВС1602А indicator, programmable LEDs, a keyboard to select operating modes for the stepper motor, a USB port to connect the microscope video camera and an SWD port to program the Flash memory and debug the firmware in real time. Original images or the images after quality enhancement are passed to the main computing module using the SPI interface. The author has developed software for the local computing module to control the stepper motor, record a video stream or series of images of the object area with possible defects, quality enhancement and passing the video stream or images to the main computing module for further processing and analysis. The results can be used in scientific research and in development of automated systems for non-destructive defectoscopy for materials and end products.
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Lothe, Lasse, and Tor Lindberg. "Cow's Milk Whey Protein Elicits Symptoms of Infantile Colic in Colicky Formula-Fed Infants: A Double-Blind Crossover Study." Pediatrics 83, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.83.2.262.
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There are several causes of infantile colic. The aim of this study was to evaluate, under controlled conditions, whether bovine whey proteins can elicit symptoms of infantile colic in colicky formula-fed infants. The mean age for entering the study was 6.4 weeks and the mean age for colic debut was 3.7 weeks. In 24 of 27 infants with severe colic, the symptoms disappeared when they were given a cow's milk-free diet (Nutramigen). These 24 infants were entered into a double-blind crossover study. The infants (receiving cow's milk-free diet) were given the contents of identical capsules with each meal during day 6. The same procedure was repeated on day 10. The capsules contained either whey protein powder (with Nutramigen added) or human albumin powder (with Nutramigen added). Eighteen infants receiving the whey protein-containing capsules reacted with colic, two infants receiving placebo reacted with colic (P< .001), and four infants did not react at all. Crying hours per day for the 24 infants were 5.6 hours for formula-fed infants and 0.7 hour for cow's milk-free diet-fed infants (P< .001). Crying hours per day were 3.2 hours for the infants receiving whey protein capsules and 1.0 hour for those receiving placebo (P< .001). In conclusion, bovine whey protein can elicit symptoms of infantile colic in colicky formula-fed infants.
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Ivanova, Olena, Masna Rai, Kristien Michielsen, and Sónia Dias. "How Sexuality Education Programs Have Been Evaluated in Low- and Lower-Middle-Income Countries? A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (November 5, 2020): 8183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218183.
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Background: Complex sexual and reproductive health interventions, such as sexuality education (SE), contain multiple components and activities, which often requires a comprehensive evaluation design and adaptation to a specific context. In this review, we synthetize available scientific literature on types of evaluation designs used for SE programs in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Methods: Two databases yielded 455 publications, from which 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. Narrative synthesis was used to summarize the findings. Evaluation approaches were compared to recommended evaluation frameworks. The quality of articles was assessed by using MMAT 2018. Results: A total of 15 interventions employed in 10 countries were evaluated in the 20 selected articles, with the quality of publications being moderate to high. Randomized controlled trial was the predominant study design, followed by quasi-experimental design. There were seven process evaluation studies, using mixed methods. Main outcomes reported were of public health or behavioral nature—condom use, sexual debut or delay, and number of sexual partners. By comparing evaluation designs to recommended frameworks, few studies fulfilled at least half of the criteria. Conclusions: Evaluations of SE are largely dominated by quantitative (quasi-)experimental designs and use of public health outcomes. To improve understanding of SE program effectiveness, it is important to assess the quality of the program development, its implementation, and its impact, using existing evaluation frameworks and recommendations.
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Bunyoz, Kristine I., Georgios Tsikandylakis, Kristian Mortensen, Kirill Gromov, Maziar Mohaddes, Henrik Malchau, and Anders Troelsen. "FEMORAL HEAD SIZE DOES NOT INFLUENCE METAL ION LEVELS AFTER METAL-ON-POLYETHYLENE TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY: A FIVE-YEAR REPORT FROM A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_12 (June 23, 2023): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.12.034.
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In metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) THA large femoral metal heads are designed to increase stability and to reduce dislocation risk. The increased head size could lead to increased taper corrosion with the release of metal ions and adverse reactions. Using blood ion measurements, we aimed to investigate the association between femoral head size and metal-ion release after MoP THA.96 patients were enrolled at two centers and randomized to receive either a 32-mm metal head or a 36–44 mm metal head (the largest possible fitting the thinnest available polyethylene insert). Blood metal ions and PROMs (OHS, UCLA) were measured at two- and five-year follow-ups.Both 2- and 5-year median chrome, cobalt, and titanium levels were below taper corrosion indicative ion levels. At 5 years, median chrome, cobalt, and titanium levels were 0.5 μg/L (0.50–0.62), 0.24 μg/L (0.18–0.30), and 1.16 μg/L (1.0–1.68) for the 32-mm group, and 0.5 μg/L (0.5–0.54), 0.23 μg/L (0.17–0.39), and 1.30 μg/L (1–2.05) for the 36–44 mm group, with no difference between groups (p=0.825, p=1.000, p=0.558). At 2 years, 7 (32-mm) versus 4 (36–44-mm) patients had elevated ions. At 5 years, 6 (32-mm) versus 7 (36–44-mm) patients had elevated ions. There was no difference in either OHS (p=0.665) or UCLA (p=0.831) between patients with or without elevated blood metal ions.5 years after the insertion of MoP THAs, we found no differences in the blood metal ion levels between 32 mm heads and 36–44 mm heads and no corrosion-related revisions. As taper corrosion can debut after 5 years, there is still a need for long-term follow-up studies on the association between head size and corrosion in MoP THA.
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Brewster, Glenna, Christina Pierpaoli, Fayron Epps, Kalisha Bonds Johnson, and Kate Yeager. "Sleep Phenotypes of Caregivers for Persons Living With Dementia." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1463.
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Abstract Sleep disturbance is prevalent among caregivers of people living with dementia. Gaps exist regarding when caregivers begin to experience sleep disturbance along their caregiving trajectory. This study aimed to identify and describe phenotypes of current caregivers’ sleep patterns before and during caregiving and describe caregivers’ perception of their current sleep quality relative to their pre-caregiving sleep. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 caregivers participating in a larger, randomized controlled trial. Interviews were about caregivers’ sleep patterns and were conducted after caregivers completed the first 6 months of the study. Interviews were audio-recorded using a videoconferencing platform and ranged from 20 to 45 minutes. We conducted thematic analysis of the interview transcripts. Four distinct caregiver-sleep phenotypes emerged from the qualitative data: Changed and Dissatisfied, Changed and Satisfied, Unchanged and Dissatisfied, and Unchanged and Satisfied. Caregivers whose sleep was categorized as Changed experienced a difference in their pre-caregiving sleep, usually from good to poor sleep. Caregivers whose sleep was Unchanged had poor sleep pre-caregiving and continued to have poor sleep during caregiving. Caregivers also reported being Satisfied or Dissatisfied with their current sleep pattern, defined in terms of daily distress and impairment. These 4 subtypes highlight the heterogeneity of caregivers’ sleep experiences and debut a useful clinical framework with which to identify, categorize, and target caregivers at risk for sleep disturbance. Identifying caregivers’ sleep phenotypes will enable healthcare providers to determine caregivers’ needs and readiness for interventions.
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Shponka, I. S., L. A. Pesotskaya, H. S. Korolenko, I. O. Hutnik, B. V. Murashevych, and V. A. Nikonenko. "Chronic monocytic leukemia with transformation into acute monocytic leukemia." Medicni perspektivi (Medical perspectives) 26, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2021.1.227934.
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Chronic myelomonocytic leukosis (CMML) is rarely diagnosed and amounts to 1 per 100 thousand of adults per year, more often in men over 60 years. The clinical case of the rare, prolonged course of myelodysplastic chronic myelomonocytic leukosis (MD-CMML) in a middle-aged woman with rapid transformation into acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL-M5в) with the atypical fulminant course is presented. A retrospective analysis of the course of the disease drew attention to the severe vasculitis suffered by the patient 19 years ago, which could be regarded as the debut of CML in the presence of characteristic pathological changes in the hemogram. Non-pronounced clinical manifestations in the form of moderate cervical lymphadenopathy, skin lesions in the form of transient erythema, spotty eruptions over the next 10 years, fit into the clinical picture of MD-CMML. A detailed picture of the disease was observed after viral infection, bronchitis, antibiotic therapy. Absence of significant blastemia and severe inhibition of normal hematopoiesis with expressed extramedular manifestations of the disease in the patient were not typical for the course of AMoL-M5b in this case. The progression of skin lesions was noteworthy, which gave reason for unfavorable prognosis. For several weeks, the spread of erythematous elements was observed throughout the body with itching, not controlled by antihistamines and corticosteroid drugs; the appearance of maculopapular rashes, merging in places; small-point hemorrhages like vasculitis over the entire surface of the skin. Notable was the development of severe hemorrhagic syndrome without severe thrombocytopenia, significant changes in the coagulogram, as a manifestation of early severe coagulopathy.
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Rehman, Sharaf. "Dilip Kumar: An Auteur Actor." Przegląd Socjologii Jakościowej 17, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8069.17.3.12.
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Dilip Kumar has been praised for his sublime dialog delivery, for his restrained gestures, and for his measured and controlled underplay of emotions in tragic stories as well as in light-hearted comedies. His debut in 1944 with Jwar Bhata (Ebb and Tide) met with less-than-flattering reviews. So did the next three films until his 1948 film, Jugnu (Firefly), which brought him recognition and success. Unlike his contemporaries such as Raj Kapoor and Dev Anand, who propelled their careers by launching their own production companies, Dilip Kumar relied on his talent, his unique approach to characterization, and his immersion in the projects he undertook. In the course of his career that spanned six decades, Kumar made only 62 films. However, his work is a textbook for other actors that followed. Not only did he bring respectability to a profession that had been shunned by the upper classes in India as a profession for “pimps and prostitutes,” but he also elevated film-acting and filmmaking to an academic discipline, making him worthy of the title ‘Professor Emeritus of Acting’. Rooted in the theoretical framework of Howard S. Becker’s work on the “production of culture” and “doing things together,” this paper discusses Kumar’s approach to acting, character development, and the level of his involvement and commitment to each of his projects. The author of this article argues that more than the creative control as a producer or a director, it is the artistic involvement and commitment of the main actors that shape great works of art in cinema. Dilip Kumar demonstrated it repeatedly.
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Sakdadech, Nawin, Tanarat Muangmool, and Jatupol Srisomboon. "HIV-Infected Women with Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion on Cervical Cytology Have Higher Risk of Underlying High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 10211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910211.
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Objective: To evaluate the risk of histological high-grade cervical lesions defined as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) in women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) on cervical cytological screening compared with HIV-uninfected women who had similar cytology. Methods: 127 HIV-positive women aged 18–65 years with LSIL cytology undergoing colposcopic examination between January 2008 and December 2019 at Chiang Mai University Hospital were reviewed. By matching 1:1 ratio for age (±5 years) and examination time period (±12 months), 127 HIV-negative women with LSIL cytology in the same period were recruited as controlled subjects for comparison. The patients’ characteristics, HIV status, CD4 counts, antiretroviral therapy, and histopathology on cervical biopsy were analyzed. Results: HIV-infected women significantly had early sexual debut (age < 20 years) and more sexual partners (≥2) than HIV-uninfected women. The risk of underlying CIN2+ in HIV-infected women was significantly higher than that in HIV-negative women (20.5% vs. 9.4%, p = 0.021) with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.47 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18–5.14. After adjustment, the risk of underlying CIN2+ in HIV-infected women remained significantly higher than that in HIV-uninfected women (adjusted OR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.11–5.82, p = 0.027). Conclusion: Among women with LSIL on cervical cytology, the risk of underlying CIN2+ in HIV-infected women was approximately 2.5 times higher than those without HIV infection. Colposcopy is indicated particularly in the case of women with a long duration of HIV infection.
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Chichasova, N. V., and A. M. Lila. "The use of biosimilars as a new approach to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 10 (August 12, 2021): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-10-112-121.
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The article discusses various options for the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in accordance with modern foreign and domestic recommendations. Data on the possibility of achieving an effect on the background of monotherapy with methotrexate (MT) are presented and options for more active therapy are discussed. The authors compare the effectiveness of sequential change of basic anti-inflammatory drugs (DMARDs), sequential addition of DMARDs to MT, treatment with a triple combination of DMARDs with an inadequate response to MT or in the debut of therapy, combination of DMARDs and biological drugs. According to the study data, in cohorts of patients with equal clinical effectiveness of the triple combination of DMARDs and the combination of DMARDs with biological drugs, however, the severity of the progression of destruction in the joints of the hands and feet is less when using biological agents. It was noted that the evaluation of the effectiveness of the double / triple combination of DMARDs was carried out in open observational studies, which has less evidence value than randomized controlled double-blind placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) for the assessment of biological drugs. Despite the importance of implementing biological drugs in clinical practice, their high cost limits their use by patients. Registration in the Russian Federation of the first biosimilar of etanercept (ETN) - the drug Erelzi is important for the treatment of patients with RA. The article describes the advantages of original ETN (tumor necrosis factor ainhibitor - iFNO a) over other iFNO a, which are monoclonal antibodies to this cytokine. The article presents data on the equivalence of the ETN biosimilar registered in the Russian Federation (Erelzi) with the original ETN in terms of clinical efficacy, safety and immunogenicity. The comparability of drugs in terms of the frequency of adverse events was demonstrated. It is shown that switching from the original ETN to its biosimilar allows you to maintain the effect, not accompanied by an increase in the frequency of intolerance or immunogenicity. It is indicated that Erelzi is registered in the Russian Federation for the treatment of RA, various variants of axial spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis.