Journal articles on the topic 'Debts'
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1
Do Thi Kim Tien. "DEBT TRADING OF ENTERPRISES AND CREDIT INSTITUTIONS: A STUDY IN THE VIETNAMESE MARKET." International Journal of Advanced Economics 6, no. 4 (April 18, 2024): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijae.v6i4.1054.
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The State Bank has issued Circular No. 18/2022/TT-NHNN amending and supplementing certain provisions of Circular No. 09/2015/TT-NHNN regulating the activities of buying and selling debts of credit institutions. Effective from February 9, 2023, Circular No. 18/2022/TT-NHNN is attracting the attention of many enterprises and banks in the process of implementation with new regulations. This article analyzes and clarifies the amendments and new supplements related to the trading of debts of credit institutions. The formation and development of the debt trading market, specifically bad debts of enterprises, are objective requirements in Vietnam today. The absence of a debt trading market is considered a major bottleneck in the current bad debt resolution process. According to the Economic Committee of the National Assembly, bad debts in the banking system in 2017 were below 3%, but in reality, bad debts throughout the economy are still high. However, the debt trading market still faces many limitations and requires adjustments to achieve higher efficiency. The activity of buying and selling debts of commercial banks in Vietnam is gradually becoming an objective necessity for the development of the economy. Debt trading is a very new field in Vietnam, but in essence, it is a fundamental economic activity in commercial banks. However, in recent years, the debt trading market has not truly developed, lacking competition among debt buyers, with low debt handling experience, and failing to meet market expectations with a large amount of bad debts to be resolved. This somewhat reduces the demand for debt trading of commercial banks with bad debts, hampering the development of the debt trading market of commercial banks.
Keywords: Debt Trading Market, Bad Debts, Vietnam, Commercial Banks.
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Tsvirko, S. E. "PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN RUSSIA." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 6 (October 25, 2014): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2013-6-56-63.
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The problems of the Russia’s debt management are revealed. Evolution of the public debts’ problem of the Russian Federation including the question of its interaction with private debts is discussed. Risks in debt sphere are analyzed. Specific features of the Russian economy such as the dependence on world energy prices, low efficiency of public expenditures, rapid growth of internal public debts and external quasi-sovereign and private debts are defined. Principles of debt management and areas of improvement in the system of Russia’s debt management were defined.
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Ishak, Suraiya, and Ahmad Raflis Che Omar. "Youths and Credit: An Analysis of Debt Perspective and Management Among Youths." Global Journal Al-Thaqafah 10, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7187/gjat072020-7.
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Youths are no exception when it comes to being in debt and getting exposed to negative consequences of debts. This study surveys debt management practices among the youths. Furthermore, this study analyzes the relationship between debt management and independent variables such as debt perspectives, lifestyle and knowledge about debts. The survey method was used to gather the data. The descriptive analysis, principal components and independent t-test were employed to describe practices of the youths in debt management. Meanwhile, the Pearson correlation analyzes the relationship among debt management practices, lifestyle, debt perspectives and debt knowledge of the youths. Research findings indicate that the youths perceived debts as a financing means to fulfill their needs and desires. Most of the respondents practiced prudent debt management. The t-test result shows the male and female youths are no different in the ways thet managed their debts. The principle components analysis has identified three debt management behaviors consisting of “prudent and cautious”, “courageous and opportunistic” and “tight budget”. The correlation analysis shows that lifestyle, debt knowledge and debt perspectives have significant relationships with debt management practices. This implies that youths should embrace right perspective about debts, as well as practice affordable lifestyles to avoid imprudence and debts.
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El-Khoury, Gabi. "Public debts of Arab countries: selected indicators." Contemporary Arab Affairs 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2017.1311104.
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This statistical file is concerned with the issue of public debts in Arab countries. It assumes that public debt is a key source to fund the budget deficit in most Arab countries, and the rising public debt, particularly external debt, is increasingly becoming a concern for several countries in the region due to the pressure debt servicing might impose on these countries, which basically suffer an uncomfortable primary balance, in addition to the impact of crises in the region. Table 1 provides indicators on domestic public debts with ratios of debts to GDP, while Table 2 gives figures of external public debts with debt ratios to GDP. Table 3 provides estimates of total public debts with their ratios to GDP, while Tables 4 and 5 show figures of external public debt service, ratios of debt servicing to exports of goods and services and external public debt service ratios to Arab governments’ revenues respectively.
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Chen, Shiyi, and Wang Li. "Local government debt and regional economic growth in China." China Political Economy 2, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 330–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-10-2019-0028.
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Purpose With China’s economic growth slowing down and the growth rate of fiscal revenue decreasing, the pressure on local government debts is further increasing. Under this background, it is of great significance to clarify the relation between local government debts and China’s economic growth in order to give full play to the positive role of local debts in stabling growth. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach Therefore, this paper explores the impact of Chinese local government debt on economic growth from theoretical and empirical aspects, respectively, and compares the regional differences between different debts and economic growth dynamics. Findings In the theoretical model part, this paper constructs a three-sector dynamic game model, under the two circumstances of whether local government is subject to debt constraints, and examines the relation between local government debt and economic growth and other variables through numerical simulation. Research shows that when the government is not constrained by debt, there is an inverted “U” relation between government debt and economic growth. When the government is constrained by debt, the economic growth rate gradually decreases as the government debt increases. Originality/value In the theoretical analysis part, this paper tries to estimate the amount of local debts under different calibers and examines the impact of different types of local government debts on China’s economic growth and their regional differences. The results show that excessive accumulation of government hidden debts in the eastern region is not conducive to economic growth, while explicit debts in the central and western regions significantly contribute to local economic growth. The results of empirical analysis are basically consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model.
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Zhang, Xi. "Analysis of the Objective Elements of the Crime of Collecting Illegal Debts." International Journal of Education and Humanities 11, no. 1 (October 19, 2023): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v11i1.13083.
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In order to effectively regulate the repeated violent and soft-violence collection of loansharks, gambling debts and other illegal debts in social life, Amendment (XI) to the Criminal Law establishes the crime of collecting illegal debts. The establishment of this crime not only makes up for the legislative gap of "soft violence" debt collection in the field of criminal law, but also provides a solid legal support for actively combating the violent collection of illegal debts in future judicial practice, and reasonably differentiating the application of the crime. In this paper, in the context of the legislation of the crime of collecting illegal debts, combined with the judgment published on the China Judgement and Documentation Network which has been applied to the crime of collecting illegal debts, the crime of collecting illegal debts in the judicial practice of the problems and theoretical controversial part of the problem is studied. It mainly analyzes the terms "illegal debt" and "act of collection" in the crime of collecting illegal debts.
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Mahmoud Aghdam, Parviz, and Amir Mohammadzadeh. "Analysis of The Effect of Inflation, Operating Cycle and Operating Cash Flow on Debt’s Term Structure." Journal of Management and Accounting Studies 4, no. 04 (July 21, 2019): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jmas.vol4iss04pp87-95.
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Structure of capital is one of the important matters in every company. Choosing an appropriate capital structure is an important matter in determining the value of every company and this structure, is the combination of the company’s supply of the financial resources. Debts and the rights of the stock holder are components of capital structure. Type of debt used in the Company has influence on the company's risk. Some of the companies for the supplying required financial resources use current debts and financial risk is increased naturally, and some of them use non-current debts. Methodology: In this study the effect of operating’s cycle, operating cash flow and inflation during 1385 to 1392 is analyzed. The number of observations of this study including 98 companies and by using OLS method the hypotheses of the study is tested. Results: The results suggest there is a significant relationship between c operating cash flow and time deadline and there is no significant relation between operating cycle and inflation with the time deadline of the debts. Conclusion: Finally, there is a positive relation between operating cycle and debt’s term structure but not significant, and operating cash flow’s coefficient is 0.0893 and there is a significant and positive relation between operating cash flow and debt’s term structure, and there is an opposite relation between them, but it is not significant.
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Faria, João Ricardo, Le Wang, and Zhongmin Wu. "Debts on debts." North American Journal of Economics and Finance 23, no. 2 (August 2012): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2012.02.003.
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Kirichenko, Elina. "Consolidated Debts of the U.S. non-financial sector: Post-pandemic Estimates." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 6 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760023472-6.
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The purpose of the article is to study the trends, problems and risks of consolidated domestic debts of the US non-financial sector at the present stage. The problems of budgets of different levels are considered: the federal budget, state budgets, the influence of the “pandemic” crisis on their income and expenses. In the framework of the analysis of the debts of the US non-financial sector the national (sovereign) debt of the United States, the aggregated debts of states and municipalities are singled out, and the heterogeneity of their financial situation is studied. The debt problems of the US non-financial business, primarily corporate debts, are touched upon. Particular attention is paid to the debts of American households.
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Shafter, Jonathan. "The Due Diligence Model: A New Approach to the Problem of Odious Debts." Ethics & International Affairs 21, no. 1 (March 2007): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2007.00060.x.
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Odious debts are debts incurred by a government without either popular consent or a legitimate public purpose. There is a debate within academic circles as to whether the successor government to a regime that incurred odious debts has the right to repudiate repayment. In the real world, however, repudiation is not currently an option granted legitimacy by either global capital markets or the legal systems of creditor states. There are, thus, compelling reasons to reform the law of odious debts to allow for such repudiation in strictly limited circumstances. Beyond the moral problem of requiring the formerly captive citizens of a tyrant to repay their oppressor's personal debts, the burden of odious-debt servicing can perpetuate the cycle of state failure, which has direct national security consequences. In addition, a properly designed odious debt reform could function as an alternative punitive mechanism to trade sanctions with fewer harmful implications for the general population of the targeted state. Classical proponents of odious debt reform advocate for recognition of a legal rule under which successor governments could challenge the validity of debts incurred by prior regimes against the odious debt legal standard in a judicial-style forum. I make the case for an alternative “Due Diligence Model” of reform that provides far greater ex ante certainty for lenders, both as to which debts might be classified as odious debts and what steps the lender must take to protect its investments from subsequent invalidation. The Due Diligence Model also solves certain time-consistency problems inherent to the Classical Model.
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Pawłowska, Marta. "Egzekucja z wynagrodzenia za pracę – wybrane problemy i zagadnienia." Przegląd Prawa Egzekucyjnego 2023, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.62627/ppe.2023.002.
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The article analyses one of the most common forms of debt collection, i.e. the collection of debts from wages. It presents the history of development, and discusses the nature, of debt collection from wages. It pays the reader’s attention to important issues related to the collection of debts from wages, including activities taken by enforcement authorities to seize the debtor’s wages. It also mentions problems connected with the seizure of wages during the collection of debts from amounts exempted from deductions, because this issue is very important in the case of the collection of debts other than those payable as maintenance, where the amount exempted from deductions is not applied. The article also refers to the employer’s statutory obligations towards enforcement authorities. It is the analysis of selected aspects related to the collection of debts from wages and can be useful, in particular, to professional debt collectors.
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Johan, Suwinto, Amad Sudiro, Ariawan Gunadi, and Yuan Yuan Luo. "Rethinking Indebtedness according to the Principles of Justice and Equality." Lex Scientia Law Review 6, no. 2 (December 20, 2022): 443–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v6i2.55011.
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The law's objective is to uphold the principle of justice. Contractual debts, interest-bearing debts, unsecured debts, and debts with payment terms are all included in restructuring plans. All debts must be accompanied by a contract. If the business defaults, the contract serves as proof of debt. This research focuses on Indonesia's bankruptcy law. This study employs an empirical qualitative legal method. The study recommends categorizing debt according to its source, duration, function, and collateral. Debts classified as restructuring must waive their collateral rights. This debt grouping is consistent with finance's capital structure theory. This research will revolutionize the current concept of debt restructuring. The study will serve as a resource for all business actors who have documented debt. Debt is uncommon in developing countries such as Indonesia. Entrepreneurs in developing countries have established business relationships based on mutual trust. The study's limitation is that it does not take industry type into account. Additionally, this research has implications for a firm's total cost of capital as a result of changes in the risk model and creditor roles, particularly in developing countries. This study proposes a system of debt classification based on principles of justice and equity. This classification is made not only on the basis of the guarantee's type, but also on the basis of the agreement's duration and financial principles. The purpose of this study is to examine bankruptcy law in developing countries. Knowledge of bankruptcy law will add value to investors and banks on a global scale.
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Berlinger, Edina, Katalin Dobránszky-Bartus, and György Molnár. "Overdue Debts and Financial Exclusion." Risks 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/risks9090158.
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We examine the impact of overdue debts in small villages in one of Hungary’s most disadvantaged regions. We find that a significant number of debtors with overdue debts permanently escape from debt collectors. Accordingly, in our sample, overdue debts reduce the likelihood of declared work by 14 percentage points on average. The lack of declared work alone reduces the probability of opening a bank account by 21 percentage points, and overdue debts further reduce it by 9 percentage points. The negative effect of overdue debts on health is almost as large as the positive effect of a high school diploma. In addition, the health-destroying effect extends not only to the debtor but to all members of the household. Therefore, overdue debts create a poverty trap mechanism exacerbating financial exclusion, hence resulting in significant losses for both the individual and society. We recommend paying more attention to smoothing credit cycles and resolving non-performing debt obligations.
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Alshbib, Duraid K. "The Contemporary Concept of Odious Debts: Iraq’s Debts as a Model." International Journal of Economics and Finance 15, no. 10 (September 10, 2023): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v15n10p44.
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Iraqi loans stood out because of their unique characteristics. The international blockade in 1991, the occupation in 2003, and the actions of puppet administrations were among the many events that contributed to this debt, with the first two being the most significant. and corruption with many faces. Due to these policies, Iraq is currently undergoing debt restructuring under the supervision and guidelines of the IMF. The goal of the research was to examine the causes of the increase in Iraqi debt following the invasion in 2003. The study discovered that even in the case of a revenue surplus, Iraqi governments continued to construct annual budgets with deficits that are financed by debt. It caused Iraq’s debts to grow and accumulate. Debt has grown to be a significant issue for the Iraqi economy and financial system. Iraqi debts are viewed negatively due to their impact on the welfare of the Iraqi people. According to the international doctrine of odious debts, Iraq has the right not to pay these payments.
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Alekhin, B. I. "Government Debt of Russia and the United States in the XXI century." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 3 (March 18, 2024): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2403-03.
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This article has three parts. In the first part government debt is analyzed as the stock of government financial obligations in Russia and the USA. Obligations denominated in foreign currencies and direct credits are left behind because they are practically non-existent in US government financial transactions. Also excluded from the analysis are debts incurred by stateowned corporations, which are part of the corporate sector of the System of National Accounts. In the second part government debt is analyzed as a result of financial flows (borrowings) which show how debt changes over time. In both parts Russia is compared with the USA in terms of proportions between federal and sub-federal debts, domestic and foreign debts (Russia only), marketable and non-marketable debts as well as domestic and foreign participants of government securities markets. The third part of the article presents standard methodology of debt sustainability analysis and some results of Bohn test of debt sustainability for both countries.
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Onar, Sezi Cevik, Basar Oztaysi, and Cengiz Kahraman. "A FUZZY RULE BASED INFERENCE SYSTEM FOR EARLY DEBT COLLECTION." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 24, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 1845–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2016.1266409.
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Nowadays, unpaid invoices and unpaid credits are becoming more and more common. Large amounts of data regarding these debts are collected and stored by debt collection agencies. Early debt collection processes aim at collecting payments from creditors or debtors before the legal procedure starts. In order to be successful and be able to collect maximum debts, collection agencies need to use their human resources efficiently and communicate with the customers via the most convenient channel that leads to minimum costs. However, achieving these goals need processing, analyzing and evaluating customer data and inferring the right actions instantaneously. In this study, fuzzy inference based intelligent systems are used to empower early debt collection processes using the principles of data science. In the paper, an early debt collection system composed of three different Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS), one for credit debts, one for credit card debts, and one for invoices, is developed. These systems use different inputs such as amount of loan, wealth of debtor, part history of debtor, amount of other debts, active customer since, credit limit, and criticality to determine the output possibility of repaying the debt. This output is later used to determine the most convenient communication channel and communication activity profile.
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Hagelschuer, P., and A. Häger. "Has the regulation of old debts in the successor companies proven worthwhile?" Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No. 4 (February 29, 2012): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5297-agricecon.
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The old debt problem resulting from the transformation of the agricultural co-operatives of the former GDR (German Democratic Republic) is described with respect to its evolution and its economic policy treatment during the process of transformation. So far, the measures for the treatment of old debts have had business economically stabilising effects. Nevertheless, debts are still growing. The farms which are affected by such old debts are strongly interested in solving this problem. This explains the intensity of the results’ discussion of a scientific expert opinion on an analysis of the mode of action of the old debt regulation in agriculture. The conclusions which can be drawn from the public discussion of these results with respect to the future treatment of these old debts show, that the affected farms favour a kind of bonus rule for debt repayment. Such a regulation also seems to be acceptable for the treasury as the final bearer of the remaining debts and as a solution to minimise the taxpayers’ burden.
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Zainal, Nor Rashidah, and Norlia Ismail. "Debt Composition of University Graduates and their Attitude towards Education Loan." Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 2, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v2i4.205.
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A worrying trend in the Malaysian higher education environment is that students graduating not only with diplomas or degrees of their disciplines but also with debts. Graduates with debts becomes a serious issue when loan but also other debts that they create since entering the job market. This paper examines the debt composition of 186 graduates and their attitudes towards education loans. The education debt-to-income ratio is found to be in the range of 1.8 percent to 12 percent; where a ratio beyond 8 percent is deemed unsafe.
Keywords: graduate debts; education loan; debt-to-income ratio; higher education; attitude to education debts.
eISSN 2514-7528 © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK . This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Alonge, Funmilayo Bukola, and Clement Olatunji Olaoye. "The Effects of Public Debt Financing: A Multi-state Perspective." Archives of Business Research 10, no. 9 (September 21, 2022): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.109.12851.
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This paper investigates the relation between public debt financing and government expenditure. Using year and states fixed effect estimation, we find that the amount owed by federating states propels government spending. While external debts have a significant and positive association with public expenditure, domestic debts have positive effect, though not significantly different from zero, on government expenditure. The study recommends that policymakers in the public sector should widen external debts than domestic debts because its influence governments’ recurrent and capital expenditure.
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Atta–Mensah, Joseph, and Muazu Ibrahim. "Towards Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): The Impact of Debts on Income Inequality in Africa." Applied Economics and Finance 11, no. 1 (February 27, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v11i1.6769.
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The Agenda for Sustainable Development provides a framework for the creation of a better and sustainable future for all. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focus on addressing global challenges, including income inequality. Among others, the SDGs also commit countries to work towards reducing income inequality and as such, lowering income inequality is one of the key issues in Africa. However, given the high levels of debt on the continent, reducing income inequality could be a challenge. Majority of the literature examines the link between debts and economic growth with little attention paid to the impact of debts on income inequality. Moreover, not much is known on whether the relationship between debt and income inequality is non–linear. This study therefore contributes to the existing research efforts by investigating the threshold effects of debts using data from 24 African countries by relying on the sample splitting and threshold estimation approach. The results reveal that, while debts generally dampen income inequality, unbridled debt accumulation above the estimated thresholds does not decrease income inequality, indicating that the income inequality–reducing impact holds at lower levels of debt–to–GDP ratio. This evidence is insensitive to different indicators of income inequality and debts. Findings from this study show how increasing indebtedness contributes to widening income inequality in Africa.
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Sentriani, Femmy, Desi Isnaini, and Citra Liza. "Analisis Pelaksanaan Utang Piutang Emas Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam." Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) 7, no. 3 (February 22, 2024): 4614–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/costing.v7i3.9056.
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This research aims to determine the implementation of gold debts and receivables in Ujung Pulau Village based on an Islamic economic perspective. The type of research used is field research. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews and documentation methods, as well as data analysis techniques using a qualitative descriptive approach. The subjects in this research are the givers and recipients of gold debts and receivables. The results of the research show that the implementation of gold debts and receivables in Ujung Pulau Village is still frequently carried out, this is due to the ease of submitting debt applications and without any guarantees or certain conditions. Gold debt and receivable activities in Ujung Pulau Village only use the principle of trust, they are not written down, they are not dictated, without any witnesses involved so that the implementation of these debts and receivables triggers undesirable events (defaults). In the implementation of debts and receivables in Ujung Pulau Village, one party suffered a loss because the payment was replaced with cash equal to gold when borrowed. So the implementation of gold debts and receivables in Ujung Pulau Village has not been in accordance with what is recommended in Q.S Al-Baqarah verse 282 and has not implemented the principles of Islamic economics, namely the principle of monotheism, the principle of balance and the principle of justice. The solution to avoid usury from gold debts and receivables is to better understand and pay attention to the implementation of gold debts and receivables based on Islamic law.
Keywords: Gold Debts and Receivables, Islamic Economics
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Hasudungan, Louis Alfred, Elisatris Gultom, and Nyulistiowati Suryanti. "Penentuan Utang yang Telah Jatuh Waktu pada Click-Wrap Agreement yang Tidak Mencantumkan Klausul Jatuh Waktu Utang." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 22, no. 3 (November 8, 2022): 2306. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v22i3.2621.
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Bankcruptcy and Suspension of Payment law is a great solution for debitor who have debt problems with their creditors. Debtors can be declared bankrupt or Suspension of Payment if the debtor is simply proven to have debts to 2 (two) or more creditors and is simply proven to have "a debts that has become due and payable”. The existence of "a debts that has become due and payable” is one of the fundamental things in bankruptcy or Suspension of Payment cases. In today's world, determining the existence of “a debts that has become due and payable” becomes difficult. The many new forms of agreements and clauses in the world of business law make new difficulties in proving the existence of “a debts that has become due and payable” in bankruptcy and Suspension of Payment cases. These difficulties can be found in the click-wrap agreement. Click-wrap agreement is an electronic agreement that uses standard clauses. The unilateral determination of clauses in click-wrap agreements often creates problems in practice. One of the problems that occur is a dispute about the determination of a debts that has become due and payable that comes from the click-wrap agreement between the debtor and the creditor. This is because click-wrap agreement makers often don't specify a debt maturity date in the agreement. Based on the explanation above, this research will examine and analyze the determination of the existence of "a debts that has become due and payable" from click-wrap agreements that do not regulate the debt maturity clause.
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Fujita, Yasunori. "How Should We Balance Domestic and Foreign Debts in Order to Avoid Debt Trap?" Archives of Business Research 11, no. 1 (January 21, 2023): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.111.13797.
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Many attempts have been made to examine the effect of debts on economic growth, in order to find out the ways to avoid debt trap, where national revenue is obliged to be spent mainly for repaying debts rather than constructing infrastructures for long-term economic development, making it even more difficult to repay the debts, like Sri Lanka that fell into its worst financial crisis in 2022. In the present paper, we explore the proper debt management to avoid the debt trap, by laying out a theoretical model that incorporates both domestic and foreign debts based on Fujita (2022) and Padoan et al (2012).
Main results we obtain are summarized as follows. (1) In order to avoid the debt trap, in accordance with increase in ratio of domestic debt to GDP, , government should increase ratio of foreign debt to GDP, up to certain level of , , and reduce after that. (2) if domestic interest rate does not increase so much in accordance with increase in difference of growth rates of domestic debt and GDP, government should reduce if foreign interest rate increases; if domestic interest rate increases sharply in accordance with increase in difference of growth rates of domestic debt and GDP, government should increase if foreign interest rate increases.
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Kivisi, Felister Saliku. "AFRICA’S SOVEREIGN BOND DEBTS: ALTERNATIVE TO DEAD AID AND CATALYST FOR DEVELOPMENT." American Journal of International Relations 4, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajir.377.
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Purpose: The study sought to examine viability of sovereign bond debts, the alternative to foreign aid, which Dambisa Moyo calls ‘Dead Aid’, for financing economic development in Africa.Methodology: The research is a desk research via the qualitative methodology where information was derived from published scholarly works of various authors on the issue of aid, debt and development of African countries.Findings: The study shows that several African countries, such as Angola, Kenya, Zambia, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal and Gabon have ventured into international capital markets and accessed the sovereign bond debts. Second, these countries’ debts have grown exponentially while most of their economies are still commodity based and have not grown in tandem with the debt. Volatile commodity prices have made it difficult for some of these countries to raise enough resources to service these debts. Some of the debt is now maturing and these countries are now potentially facing debt crises akin to what they went through in the 1990s.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Since 2006, many African countries have issued debt in the international bond markets but are now faced with prospects of default and accumulation of excessive debts. This has the potential of wiping out the gains achieved under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) and Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI), which sought to reduce debt levels for the beneficiaries of these initiatives. Accessing international bond markets is not a panacea for Africa’s development problems. Indeed it seems to compound the African Sovereigns’ problems by creating conditions for future debt distress. Deliberate policy decisions and efforts are required in managing the risks that come with these kinds of debt.
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Aprita, Serlika, Amanda Mutia Carissa, Andini Yulia Putri, and Sabrina Sabrina. "PENDEKATAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DEBITOR DAN KREDITOR DALAM PENGUJIAN UNDANG-UNDANG KEPALITIAN DAN PENUNDAAN KEWAJIBAN MEMBAYAR UTANG DIMASA MENDATANG." Solusi 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36546/solusi.v21i1.715.
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The Human Rights Approach of Debtors and Creditors in Testing Bankruptcy Laws and Postponing Bankruptcy Obligations to Pay Debts in the Future is discussed in this study, Along with how Indonesia's legal system's state or evolution with regard to bankruptcy law and the suspension of debt payment responsibilities. Indonesia. In this study, a normative research methodology is used to investigate problems with the law and pertinent literature. According to the study's findings, the Bankruptcy Law and Postponement of Obligation to Pay Future Debt regulates the human rights approach between debtors and creditors when it comes to testing the law. Law Number 37 of 2004 Concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations is the name of this regulation. By filing for bankruptcy or requesting a suspension of their debt payment responsibilities, debtors can reach an agreement with their creditors regarding the repayment of their debts. A delay in payment of debt is a time period allotted by law in line with a Commercial Judge's Decision, during which the creditor and debtor can discuss how to pay their debts by drafting a payment plan for all or any of those debts, including by restructuring the debt. Either the debtor or the creditor may ask for a suspension of the debt payment obligations.
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Wong, Hoi Ying, and Yue Kuen Kwok. "Jump Diffusion Models for Risky Debts: Quality Spread Differentials." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 06, no. 06 (September 2003): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024903002158.
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The quality spread differential is defined to be the difference between the default premiums demanded for fixed rate and floating rate risky debts. The risky debt model based on Merton's firm value approach is used to examine the behaviors of the quality spread differential of fixed rate and floating rate debts. We extend earlier result by adopting Geometric Brownian diffusion process with jumps for the underlying firm value process of the debt issuer. Closed form formulas are obtained for the default premiums for risky debts. The impact of the jumps on the fixed-floating spread differential is examined.
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Cui, Huanqing. "DebtG: A Graph Model for Debt Relationship." Information 12, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12090347.
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Debt is common in daily transactions, but it may bring great harm to individuals, enterprises, and society and even lead to a debt crisis. This paper proposes a weighted directed multi-arc graph model DebtG of debts among a large number of entities, including individuals, enterprises, banks, and governments, etc. Both vertices and arcs of DebtG have attributes. In further, it defines three basic debt structures: debt path, debt tree, and debt circuit, and it presents algorithms to detect them and basic methods to solve debt clearing problems using these structures. Because the data collection and computation need a third-party platform, this paper also presents the profit analysis of the platform. It carries out a case analysis using the real-life data of enterprises in Huangdao Zone. Finally, it points out four key problems that should be addressed in the future.
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Le, Thai Hong, and Lan Trinh Thi Phan. "Examining the Non-Linear Impact of External Debt on Economic Convergence." Journal of Economic Integration 37, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 377–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2022.37.3.377.
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This article investigates the impact of external debt on economic convergence in 201 economies from 1990 to 2020. Panel data collected from the fiscal space database of the World Bank are analyzed using the conditional beta convergence framework. Results show that external debt negatively affects growth and there is no evidence to support the non-linear association. However, external debt influences the convergence speed in an inverted-U-shaped fashion. The economic convergence speeds up as the level of indebtedness increases to a threshold above which the convergence slows down as the level of foreign debts continues to increase. We also disaggregate external debt into its six sub-components and discover the non-linear effects of private debts and debts denominated in domestic currency on the convergence process.
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Almezeini, Abdulaziz A. "The Negotiability of Debt in Islamic Finance: An Analytical and Critical Study." Brill Research Perspectives in International Banking and Securities Law 1, no. 3 (December 27, 2016): 1–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056936-12340003.
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The challenges posed by the non-liquidity and non-diversity of the Islamic debts market make the market an inefficient tool on contributing to Muslim economic growth. Islamic scholars and experts created sukuk as an Islamic debt instrument to avoid riba (usury), but the sukuk market (especially in the Gulf) still struggles with the prohibition of the trade of debt due to the prohibition of the two Fiqh Academies.Trading and securitizing debts should be permitted in Islamic law, with one condition, that the debt should be considered low risk. This new rule, the permissibility of trading debts, is supported by three Islamic legal bases, istishab, qiyas, and maslaha, which are recognized by all four Islamic schools of legal thought. Furthermore, permitting the trading of debts is more consistent with the principles and theories of Islamic law than is forbidding it. It is consistent with the obligations theory that debt is a personal right. It is consistent with the mal (property) theory that debt may be sold according to the three Islamic schools of legal thought, all of which consider debt as property. It is consistent with other modern Islamic financial transactions that are permitted by the two Fiqh Academies, such as tawarruq and murabaha.
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Triyono Saputra, Sonny. "Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditur Akibat Adanya Pailit yang Diajukan oleh Debitur Ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Kepailitan." JURNAL RECHTENS 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36835/rechtens.v9i1.662.
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Bankruptcy is a situation where the debtor is unable to make payments on the debts of his creditors. The state of being unable to pay is usually caused by financial distress from the debtor's business that has experienced bankruptcy. This is a way to get out of the debt problem that hides a debtor, where the debtor no longer has the ability to pay debts. the debt to its creditors. If the inability to repay debts that are due is realized by the debtor, then the step that can be taken by the debtor is by submitting a request to determine the status of bankruptcy to himself, or by determining the status of bankruptcy issued by the court if it has been proven that the debtor has indeed not been able to repay debts that are due and collectible.
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Feng, Xingyuan. "Local Government Debt and Municipal Bonds in China: Problems and a Framework of Rules." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 31, no. 2 (May 23, 2014): 23–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v31i2.4332.
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Local governments in China are facing heavy debt burdens, a low level of fiscal transparency and a lack of constraints by local democracy. Since 2008, local government debts have skyrocketed. This article analyses the current state and features of local government debts and the two kinds of 'quasi municipal bonds' in China—urban investment bonds and local government bonds—along with their problems and risks. It examines the risks connected with local government debts and these bonds from the perspectives of public finance and political economy. It concludes with a discussion of a framework of rules for local government debt financing, especially for the issuance of municipal bonds in China.
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Bahceci, Baris. "Is There a Special Enforced Tax Collection Regime Under the ECtHR Case Law?" EC Tax Review 30, Issue 1 (January 1, 2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2021005.
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This article examines the extent to which the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) takes into account the privileged nature of tax claims in enforced collection proceedings. Conducted within the framework of the right to property, the aim is to find a response to this question: Does the ECtHR case law allow for a special regime in enforced debt collection proceedings? A definitive answer to such a question requires a comparison between Court judgments on tax debts and non-tax debts. Under both the lawfulness and legitimate aims tests, no distinction appears between these two types of debt. On the other hand, under the proportionality test, the Court generally grants a wide margin of appreciation to States Parties. In this respect, two different dimensions are encountered, namely, the tax collector versus tax debtor and the tax collector versus other creditors. While the ECtHR does not allow differences between the collection regimes of non-tax debts in the former relationship, it appears that in the latter, the Court maintains the privileged status granted to the tax collector in domestic law. However, this privileged status is not unique to tax debts. Therefore, the article concludes that there is no special status for the tax debt enforcement regime under a comparison with non-tax debts. Tax information reporting, Digital platform, Sharing economy, Gig economy, OECD, European Commission
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Rambe, Rachmat Husein, and Fatimah Zahara. "IMAM SYAFI'I'S PERSPECTIVE ON DEBT SETTLEMENT WITH PARKING LAND MANAGEMENT RIGHTS ASSURANCE (Case Study of Medan Perjuangan, Medan City)." AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam 5, no. 1 (May 25, 2023): 773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i1.2727.
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The Medan Perjuangan community has a practice of disputed debts, but they are unable to pay off these debts, so they provide guarantees in the form of parking space rights as collateral for their debts. The purpose of this research is to respond to the author's main problem formulation, which is the settlement of debt disputes with guaranteed rights to manage parking areas from the perspective of Imam Syafi'i. In this study, a qualitative method was used to analyze Imam Syafi'i's perspective and how Islamic law views debt settlement transactions with guaranteed rights to manage parking lots in Medan's battlefield. According to the findings of this study, in Medan Perjuangan, Medan City, debtors with good intentions to settle their credits can settle their disputes over problematic receivables amicably, and the method used to settle these debts is seen as better than other alternative settlements by providing guarantees in the form of parking space rights in battlefield because the debtor does not have the ability to pay off.
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Krumer-Nevo, Michal, Anastasia Gorodzeisky, and Yuval Saar-Heiman. "Debt, poverty, and financial exclusion." Journal of Social Work 17, no. 5 (May 22, 2016): 511–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468017316649330.
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Summary Over-indebtedness of impoverished households and its relevance to the social work profession have not received sufficient attention in the professional discourse. It is the intention of this article to put over-indebtedness on the professional agenda, to review the literature about it, and to present initial data from a study on over-indebtedness in Israel carried out with special attention to debtors’ coping with their debts. The research was conducted as a door-to-door survey in a neighborhood with low socio-economic characteristics and included questions about the nature of the debts, the strategies people use to cope with debts and the obstacles they face while doing so. Findings The research findings indicate a severe debt problem among the participants. Out of 142 interviewees, 61% had debt that was overdue and 27% of them did not have an active bank account – a significant parameter of financial exclusion. Moreover, the proliferation of debts per household, and the high level of debt-to-income ratio also indicate high risk for financial exclusion. Notwithstanding, the findings indicate that most debtors made active efforts in order to close their debts, using two distinct strategies, namely: trying to reach a payment arrangement with the creditor or paying off the debt by increasing their financial resources. Most debtors used the first strategy, although it was found as the less successful one. Applications The article discusses these findings in the framework of the concept of financial exclusion and proposes policy and direct interventions as well as further research on the topic.
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Handayani, Putri, and Sulastri Caniago. "PRAKTEK PEMBAYARAN HUTANG DENGAN BEKERJA PRESPEKTIF FIQH MUAMALAH (Studi Kasus di Jorong Malintang Nagari Lawang Mandahiling Kecamatan Salimpaung Kabupaten Tanah Datar)." JISRAH: Jurnal Integrasi Ilmu Syariah 2, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/jisrah.v2i2.4333.
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This study aims to explain the practice of paying debts by working in terms of fiqh muamalah in Jorong Malintang Nagari Lawang Mandahiling, Salimpaung District, Tanah Datar Regency. This research is a field research. The data sources consist of primary data sources, namely 7 people who owe, 7 people who give debts and 1 scholar, while secondary data sources are documentation and books and scientific works related to accounts payable. Data collection techniques that the author uses are interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique that the author uses is descriptive qualitative analysis. This study found that the implementation of debt payments by working carried out by the community in Jorong Malintang Nagari Lawang Mandahiling, Sallimpaung District, Tanah Datar Regency, namely debt and money receivables which was only done verbally without any written evidence. If it is due, but the borrower is unable to pay it and the payment is made by working in the person's field with his wages taken in exchange for the debt. The execution of debts paid by work is included in usury where the debtor takes the excess wages for working money when paying his debts.
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Voloshynov, D. O. "Debt restructuring procedure of an individual." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 82 (May 16, 2024): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.82.1.57.
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The article examines the procedure for restructuring debts of an individual in the process of bankruptcy. It is noted that the relevance of this article in the context of the procedure for restructuring the debts of an individual in the process of bankruptcy is determined by the need to understand and develop mechanisms that will allow debtors with financial difficulties to receive effective support and preserve their rights during such procedures. On the basis of judicial practice, it is determined that the restructuring of the debtor’s debts is the first, mandatory and priority stage of the case of insolvency of a natural person, in which the debtor can exercise the right to change the method and order of debt payment, taking into account his objective capabilities and desire to settle with by creditors, having guarantees of leaving part of the income to meet household needs and can receive forgiveness (write-off) of creditor claims or part of them. The mechanism of drawing up a plan for restructuring the debts of an individual is analyzed. It was concluded that the restructuring of the debts of an individual is the optimal way to end the bankruptcy case both for the individual and for his creditors, since his solvency is restored and debts are repaid. The procedure for restructuring the debts of an individual will be implemented on the condition that the debtor implements the restructuring plan on time and in full. Based on the analysis of judicial practice and legislation, including European countries, it is proposed to implement out-of-court debt restructuring of an individual, namely the approval of a restructuring plan based on a settlement agreement between an individual and creditors. It is argued that a general retreat from excessive formality and burdensome procedures in restructuring the debts of individuals in Ukraine can contribute to improving the efficiency of this process and protecting the interests of all parties. Such implementation will help to improve the efficiency and accessibility of the debt restructuring procedure of natural persons in Ukraine, contributing to solving financial difficulties of citizens and ensuring the stability of the country’s financial system.
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Miner, Jeffrey. "Profit and Patrimony: Property, Markets, and Public Debt in Late Medieval Genoa." Business History Review 94, no. 1 (2020): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680519001211.
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Scholars have long linked medieval and early modern public debts to the rise of capitalism. This article considers one prominent case study in the development of permanent public debt: late medieval Genoa. Previous scholarship has focused on financial speculation and markets for shares as central to how public debts functioned. However, by considering complementary types of sources, this article demonstrates that inheritance strategies and patrimonial considerations operated in dialogue with markets in the development of urban public debts, both in Genoa and elsewhere in Europe.
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Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenneth S. Rogoff. "From Financial Crash to Debt Crisis." American Economic Review 101, no. 5 (August 1, 2011): 1676–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.5.1676.
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Newly developed historical time series on public debt, along with data on external debts, allow a deeper analysis of the debt cycles underlying serial debt and banking crises. We test three related hypotheses at both “world” aggregate levels and on an individual country basis. First, external debt surges are an antecedent to banking crises. Second, banking crises (domestic and those in financial centers) often precede or accompany sovereign debt crises; we find they help predict them. Third, public borrowing surges ahead of external sovereign default, as governments have “hidden domestic debts” that exceed the better documented levels of external debt. (JEL E44, F34, F44, G01, H63, N20)
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Bede Okeoma, OKOYE, and OBI Kenneth Onyebuchi. "Nexus between Public Debts, Poverty and Unemployment Rates in Nigeria: A Vector AutoRegression (VAR) Approach." International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research 04, no. 06 (2023): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56293/ijmsssr.2022.4532.
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Notwithstanding the upsurge in public debts, it is absurd and worrisome to note that socioeconomic indicators like poverty and unemployment have shown gloomy pictures in Nigeria. The absurd situation makes it unclear on the precise nexus between public debts and unemployment rate on the one hand and poverty rate on the other hand. Consequently, this paper analysed the nexus between public debts, poverty and unemployment in Nigeria. Secondary data of public debts (measured by internal and external debts), poverty and unemployment rates were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and National Bureau of Statistics during the period 1981-2021. Using an unrestricted vector auto-regression model, the study indicated that neither internal nor external debts had any significant impact on poverty; however, they influence the level of unemployment rates in Nigeria. Impliedly, most of the public debts incurred within the period of investigation were not growth-oriented and could partly be explained by the fact that most of the borrowings were mainly to finance trade deficits, which were mainly consumable goods. The paper recommended that the current debt-togross domestic product ratio of less than 20 percent should be sustained to ensure that debt remains within the internationally recommended threshold for developing economies like Nigeria. Also, future public borrowings should be targeted at specified productive sectors of the economy that would engender growth in the long-run in terms of job creation and poverty alleviation; this can be achieved via the procedure of tying every public borrowing to specific growth-driving project that are oriented towards job creation and alleviation of poverty
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Oliphant, Elayne. "Debts." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 87, no. 3 (August 15, 2019): 642–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lfz058.
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Hirsch, Marianne. "Debts." a/b: Auto/Biography Studies 32, no. 2 (April 25, 2017): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08989575.2017.1288002.
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Peralta, Dan-el Padilla. "Debts." American Book Review 44, no. 3 (September 2023): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/abr.2023.a913416.
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Volkov, Vyacheslav Viktorovich. "Debts of industrial workers in Russia at the late 19th - early 20th century." Российская история, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s2949124x23010091.
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The article examines the practice of debt obligations that arose both in the course of labor relations and in the field of other civil liability of industrial workers in Russia. The author, using many examples, revealed the serious scale of workers' debts to manufacturers and breeders, showed its key role in the functioning of the hiring system in enterprises, and revealed the enslaving nature of such debts. The article shows the development of the legal mechanism for the collection of various debts of workers at enterprises and the departmental approaches and contradictions associated with this.
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Avivah, Putri Avi, and Eddie Imanuel Doloksaribu. "ANALISIS YURIDIS PENGGUNAAN ASET PERSONAL GUARANTEE DALAM MELUNASI UTANG PAILIT." Gloria Justitia 1, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): 134–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/gloriajustitia.v1i2.3067.
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In bankruptcy, the use of personal guarantee assets is something that can be done in bankruptcy debt if the assets belonging to the main debtor cannot meet repayments, in bankruptcy, there are 3 types of credit, namely preferred, separatist and concurrent creditors, the three creditors are creditors who have rights and obligations. their respective positions, such as preferred creditors who have the priority right to have their debts repaid, then separatist creditors who have collateral to pay their debts, and separatist creditors who do not have collateral rights or the right to loans. If the debtor's payment to the creditor exceeds the limit after the assets of the main debtor have been auctioned, therefore the responsibility of the Personal Guarantee is to provide the assets in paying off the debt of the main debtor. Personal guarantee assets are guarantees that can be used to pay off their debts because if the assets belonging to the main debtor cannot be sufficient to pay the total debt, the personal guarantee will be responsible for settlement, the assets belonging to the personal guarantee can be directly auctioned, the payment of the bankruptcy debt is calculated by method “Pro Rata Pari Passu Parte”. The Personal Guarantee which guarantees its assets to creditors can also be bankrupt if the main debtor is unable to pay its debts.
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Bosnjak, Marinko. "The public debt of the Republic of Serbia: The current situation and perspectives." Ekonomski anali 50, no. 164 (2005): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka0564119b.
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The paper deals with the internal and external debt situation of the Republic of Serbia based on the data relating to 2000 and 2004, issued by the Ministry of Finance, as well as the basic macroeconomic assumptions for the regular servicing of debts. The general results of this research indicate that the key institutional assumptions for the strengthening of annuity payment ability are consistent reforms and economic policies, and the key economic assumptions for debt repayment are economics growth, stability and reduction in the volume and changing the structure of government consumption. Investment and export growth which provides for growth in gross domestic product and income in foreign currency, which should be sufficient for debts repayment in the next five years, expressed in time periods as well as annuity payments per year, are the key significance for servicing of debts. Increase in economy efficiency, as well as the efficient use of resources obtained by credit facilities, are guaranties of maintaining the balance between volume and repayment capabilities of debts.
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Abuamsha, Mohamed, and Suhair Shumali. "Debt structure and its impact on financial performance: An empirical study on the Palestinian stock exchange." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 15, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-1/14.
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The study aims to identify the impact that debt structure has on the financial performance of the organizations listed on the Palestinian Exchange (PEX). The sample of the study consists of 41 companies listed in the PEX, excluding the banking sector. The descriptive method is used, in addition to model measurement, to analyze the panel data using the multiple-regression method. The study concludes that the ROA increases when long-term debts are used for financing the assets in the insurance, investment, and industrial sectors. On the other hand, in the service sector, the ROA is negatively affected by the use of long-term debt, and only the industrial companies’ ROA is significantly affected by the total debt. Furthermore, the study finds that the ROA of companies in the insurance and investment sectors is positively impacted by short-term debts. The main recommendation is that companies in the insurance, industrial, and investment sectors should depend on properly balanced long-term debts to increase their revenue.
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L.K., Fijabi, Owolabi S.A., and Ajibade A.T. "Equity and Debts on Financial Performance of Listed Consumer Goods Sector in Nigeria." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 6, no. 2 (April 2, 2023): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-xugyb0ul.
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The study examined the effect of equity and debts on the financial performance of the listed consumer goods sector in Nigeria for eleven years (2011 – 2021). Data from the published records of 16 listed companies in the consumer goods sector were used. The dependent variable was proxied by Market price per share (MPS) and return on assets (ROA) while equity and debts were proxied by equity-to-asset ratio, short-term debt-to-asset ratio, and long-term debt-to-asset ratio as independent variables. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (panel regression with fixed effects) at α=0.05 level of significance. The results had a significant effect on equity and debt on MPS (Adj. R2 = 0.0708, p < 0.05) and ROA (Adj. R2 = 0.108, p < 0.05). The study concluded that equity and debts affected the financial performance of companies listed in the Nigerian consumer goods sector. The study recommended that managers of listed consumer goods companies should pay attention to funding management, especially equity funds and short-term debt to improve their profitability for sustainable growth.
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YONATAN, Yonatan, Bambang SUGIRI, Sukarmi SUKARMI, and Faizin SULISTIO. "Selection of Methods of Proving the Inability of Debtors to Pay Debts and the Application of Prejudice Against Misuse of Insolvency Institutions in Insolvency Law in Indonesia." International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science 4, no. 2 (March 31, 2023): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.38142/ijesss.v4i2.524.
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In determining the inability of the Debtor to pay his debts to the Creditor known 2 (two) methods, namely: First, the Insolvency Test; Second, the use of prejudice of not being able to pay debts (Presumption of Inability to Pay). The Indonesian state uses the prejudice method of not being able to pay debts (Presumption of Inability to Pay), so the terms of bankruptcy become very simple. This article discusses the use of methods to determine the inability of the Debtor to repay debts associated with the prejudice to abuse (presumption of abuse) of the insolvency institution. The research method used in this article is normative juridical research with a statutory approach, a comparison approach, and a conceptual approach. There are several research results, namely; First, the politics of Indonesian insolvency law is time to change from prioritizing debt repayment to prioritizing Business Reorganization as found in the United States.; Second, it is time for the Indonesian state to abandon the prejudiced method of not being able to pay debts (Presumption of Inability to Pay) to use the Insolvency Test method to determine the incompetence of debtors in repaying debts.
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Drelichman, Mauricio, and Hans-Joachim Voth. "The Sustainable Debts of Philip II: A Reconstruction of Castile's Fiscal Position, 1566–1596." Journal of Economic History 70, no. 4 (December 2010): 813–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050710000732.
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The defaults of Philip II have attained mythical status as the origin of sovereign debt crises. We reassess the fiscal position of Habsburg Castile, deriving comprehensive estimates of revenue, debt, and expenditure from new archival data. The king's debts were sustainable. Primary surpluses were large and rising. Debt-to-revenue ratios remained broadly unchanged during Philip's reign. Castilian finances in the sixteenth century compare favorably with those of other early modern fiscal states at the height of their imperial ambitions, including Britain. The defaults of Philip II therefore reflected short-term liquidity crises, and were not a sign of unsustainable debts.
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Özker, Ahmet Niyazi. "THE PUBLIC DEBT PHENOMENON IN FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY, AND FINANCIAL DEVIATIONS IN SELECTED OECD COUNTRIES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 10, no. 7 (August 2, 2022): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i7.2022.4692.
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In this study, we attempt to put forth the sustainability phenomenon, an empirical that occurs a significant fiscal impact on developing countries, which aim to reach the desired economic growth levels. Sustainability of public fiscal balances, especially in terms of debt policies, refers to a structural impact mechanism that means paying debts without default and restructuring them without risk in a period when the payment and redemption deadlines have come, especially in terms of external debts. This mechanism of influence is also expressed in the restructuring of a financial process, which can be expressed in different values, especially in developing countries, and whether the defaulted public liabilities refer to the later debt phenomenon. In this respect, public fiscal sustainability means that the real level of future primary surpluses is equal to the current real value of the public debt at a fundamental level. In our analytical study, the four countries were taken as the basis and the analytical values of these four countries in the financial balances were determined as emerging economies on the basis of these selected countries as Turkey, Poland, Chile, and Mexico. Besides, based on debts and public deficits, this fact also means a sustainable fiscal structure that can emphasize all kinds of debt phenomena at different levels, especially local governments, and the central government throughout the country. In addition, a debt obligation covering the entire public sphere also expresses sustainability in the narrow sense, representing the central government budget, which is essential in terms of sustainable budget balances. On the other hand, the sustainability of debts in developing countries where foreign public debt is in question, especially the public debt of central banks, can also lead to unexpected financial weakness and vulnerabilities. The policies as public borrowing instruments can create uncertainty about the level of financial-institutional impact in terms of future principal and interest payments and negatively affect fiscal policies sustainability. In this context, the acceptability of this fiscal process regarding the receivables of all institutions such as private bondholders, banks, and the World Bank is accepted as the sustainability of the debts in an ongoing process with mutually positive financial formations. When countries demand debt from financial markets, they have to maintain their fiscal sustainability regarding whether they should retake financial risks, especially in developing countries. This approach, which can also be expressed as the stability of debts, also puts forward a position identical to the expectations of stable ground for developing economic growth potential and financial infrastructure.