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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Sivakumar, Sivalingam. "Dancing on the edge : the dynamics of external debt in the United States, South Korea and Argentina." Title page, table of contents and preface only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09arms624.pdf.

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2

Shih, Yen. "A model of public debt determination : dynamic implications and empirical evidence /." Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262882486.

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3

Hannon, Timothy E. "An external stakeholder analysis of a United States Army Directorate of Contracting." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FHannon.pdf.

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4

Swan, Philip George. "To Separate the Tares from the Corn: Debts and Slaves in Post-Revolutionary Virginia." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625837.

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5

Caudill, Courtney B. ""Mischiefs So Close to Each Other": External Relations of the Ohio Valley Shawnees, 1730-1775." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625770.

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6

Filho, Pedro JosÃ RebouÃas. "External factors of the determinants of export of lobster CEARÃ to the united states of America." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2947.

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nÃo hÃ
The rock lobster industry in CearÃ has grown rapidly since 1955, when the United tates and Europe demand for lobster has steadily increased. During the industry evelopment process, lobster has become a major item in the export sector of CearÃ, as created several jobs and has increased state income and government revenue. evertheless, the lack of a sustainable lobster-fishing programme and recent trends in the international market for this product, the relative economic relevance of this ndustry may be at stake. This work contributes through the use of econometric echniques, cointegrating and error-correction model to explore the behavior of the xport of cearense lobster for the North merican market, the destination of pproximately 90% of exports of this crustacean. The model results indicated that the mount of lobster CearÃ exported to the U.S. is more sensitive to changes in income than in the price.
O setor lagosteiro do CearÃ teve seu desenvolvimento acelerado a partir de 1955, quando a lagosta passou a ser um item de crescente demanda em paÃses da Europa e nos EUA. Durante esse processo de desenvolvimento do setor, a lagosta tornouse um dos principais itens da pauta de exportaÃÃo do CearÃ, tambÃm se destacando na economia cearense em termos de geraÃÃo de emprego e renda. No entanto, por falta de um ordenamento eficiente da atividade, aliado Ã pesca predatÃria, observase, atualmente uma queda na produÃÃo. Este trabalho contribui por meio do emprego de tÃcnicas economÃtricas, cointegraÃÃo e modelo de correÃÃo de erros, para explorar o comportamento da exportaÃÃo de lagosta cearense para o mercado norte americano, destino de aproximadamente 90% das exportaÃÃes deste crustÃceo. Os resultados do modelo indicaram que a quantidade de lagosta exportada do CearÃ para os EUA Ã mais sensÃvel a variaÃÃes na renda do que no preÃo.

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7

O'Keefe, Marianna Staba. "The relationship of external factors, internal factors, and productivity improvement programs on productivity in two apparel manufacturing plants." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90952.

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This study examined three broad areas which related to plant level productivity in two apparel manufacturing plants. First, external factors, specifically unemployment and seasonal cycles, were examined. Second, internal organizational factors involving the size of the organization over time and the absenteeism rate within the company were studied. Finally, after holding constant the effects of the above factors, this study examined the impact of two types of positive incentive programs on employee productivity. It was hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship between unemployment and plant productivity. Partial support was found in one plant. A relationship between productivity level and seasonal cycles was also hypothesized. Generally, season was related to productivity, although the patterns for these relationships were very plant specific. The hypothesis that there would be a negative relationship between productivity rate and absenteeism rate received support in one plant only. It was further hypothesized that there would be a negative relationship between productivity level and size of the plant over time. The results for both plants were very different; however neither were in support of the hypothesis in the predicted direction. To evaluate the impact of the two productivity improvement programs, mean differences (adjusted for covariates and autocorrelation) were compared for three time periods: before, during, and after program implementation. In the Salem plant the time periods before and during the program had significantly higher productivity rates when compared to the period after the program ended. In the Jefferson plant the productivity level was slightly higher during program implementation when compared to the time period before the program. No other significant differences were found.
M.S.

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8

Terada, Takashi. "External US pressure on Japan's policy reform in the case of large-scale retail store law." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123186.

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The Structural Impediments Initiative (SII) talks held from September 1989 to July 1990 represented the first attempt by Japan and the United States to harmonise their domestic problems in international trade negotiations. These bilateral talks were also the first of their kind to delve into a comprehensive review of domestic laws and intrinsic business practices. In this sense, the SII talks may be seen as a preamble to mutual arrangements by domestic economies of their respective institutions and practices. This is likely to feature more prominently in the field of international relations, as seen recently in the European Community (EC) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). In this context, as the United States and Japan are the two largest and most technologically advanced economies in the world, accounting for more than 40 per cent of the world total gross national product, it is significant that they started harmonising their domestic rules through the SII talks, which are examined in this thesis.

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9

Troyer, Linda Elizabeth Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "External actors and regional cooperation; the effects of United States policies on regional cooperation in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Ottawa, 1985.

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10

Said, Habib. "External States as Spoilers in Peace processes : A case study of the USA in Afghanistan." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-80188.

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The complexity of spoilers in the conflict resolution and the breakdown of the peace process through violence or other method have made spoiling an interesting topic. The discussion and the research on the spoiler has contributed to understanding the nature of the issue of spoilers. However, the discussion is rolling over the perception of spoiler and the obstacle of spoiling behavior. Some researchers are focusing on spoiling behavior of internal and external spoiler who are within the country of the conflict, while some of the recent researches concentrate on the spoiling actions of states or actors who are geographically external to the conflict which can derail the peace processes. Obviously the role of external states actors especially the US was not covered by the research with the only exceptions in which the United State has been highlighted as the external state spoiler in Colombia. In the case of the Afghanistan there are several states involved in Afghan conflict but there is no research has been done on democratic countries, such as the US as having potential spoiling behavior in the Afghan peace process. Therefore this study is trying to see if the US has a spoiling behavior in the context of Afghanistan. The analytical framework developed in this study outline some condition to spoiling behavior and activities which is applied to case of study US in Afghanistan to find out if the US acting as potential spoiler in Afghan peace process. The role of US in Afghanistan is one of the reason that encourage looking into the US impact on the country and its long pursuit of peace. In this study, the US opinion, role, and activities towards Afghan peace process and conflict are discussed throughout this study. The analytical framework which has been developed in this study suggests that the US has the potential to spoiling behavior.

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11

Chambers, James. "Neither a Borrower nor a Lender Be: America Attempts to Collect its War Debts 1922-1934." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1363.

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During and immediately after World War I the United States lent over $10 billion to various countries to sustain their war efforts and to provide post-war relief. The United States's insistence that these loans be repaid led to sharp disagreements with its erstwhile allies as to the nature of these loans and whether they should actually be repaid. This thesis examines the processes, and the policies upon which those processes were based, by which the United States attempted to compel the debtor nations to begin repaying their loans. The central theme of the thesis was developed largely from primary sources, including Annual Reports of the Secretary of the Treasury, diplomatic message traffic, and minutes and reports of the World War Foreign Debt Commission. Secondary sources supported the development of the economic and political context in which these events occurred as well as the perspectives of the foreign governments involved.

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12

Chambers, Annette. "External actors and regional integration, the effects of the United States' strategic-economic policies on regional integration in the Commonwealth Caribbean." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq26905.pdf.

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13

Chambers, Annette Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "External actors and regional integration; the effects of the United States' strategic-economic policies on regional integration in the commonwealth Caribbean." Ottawa, 1997.

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14

Jahnel, Carsten H. "Transatlantic relations : are alliances a funcion [i.e. function] of an external threat? /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FJahnel.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.
Thesis Advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Hans-Eberhardt Peters. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-98). Also available online.

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15

Ho, Chun-man David, and 何駿敏. "A comparative study of the internal and external labour market in the firefighting industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46756243.

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16

Alva, Luis. "The growth in the role of the Catholic Church in Cuba : internal and external factors /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA404710.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2002.
Thesis advisor(s): Harold A. Trinkunas, Thomas C. Bruneau. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-55). Also available online.

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17

Yu, Tsung-Chi Max. "The impact of US-China relations on Taiwan's military spending (1966-1992)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3100/.

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Previous research has shown that Taiwan's military spending is affected either by China's military buildup or the US's military pipeline. This study investigates whether it is also true an ongoing US-China relationship has dynamic effects. Three major findings are obtained from the statistical analyses. First and foremost, the level of US-China conflict has a contemporaneous positive effect on Taiwan's military spending. Second, the analyses also indicate that the volatility of US-China relations has negative effects on Taiwan's military spending. This finding suggests that instability in US-China relations will prompt Taiwan to decrease its military spending due to a higher amount of perceived security on the one hand, and Taiwan wants to avoid further provoking China on the other. Third, analyses indicate that an error correction model fares better than a simple budgetary incremental model in explaining the re-equilibrating effects of GNP growth on Taiwan's military spending. Overall, the results demonstrate the interplay of domestic and international constraints and may help to predict what will be the expected military spending when Taiwan's economy changes. I suggest that Taiwan's military spending is likely to be influenced by US-China relations as well as by foreign investment and domestic economic constraints as long as the United States policy toward the Taiwan problem remains unchanged.

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18

Diewitz, Ben-Jacob. "The European Union, its member states & the Law of the Sea : an assessment of the relationship between the EU and its member states in european external relations law pertaining to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.566826.

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This thesis seeks to understand the nature of the legal relationship between the European Union and its Member States in their external relations regarding the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). It begins with an examination of the problems that the Union (at the time the European Economic Community) and its Member States encountered during the negotiations at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. In light of this, the thesis assesses the underlying reasons for the negotiation outcomes at the Conference. The thesis then considers declarations of competence, which were one of the major concessions that had to be made at the Conference for being allowed to become a member to UNCLOS. In doing so, it will assess the reasons for their introduction and the challenges that have been created as a result of having to declare competences to treaty partners. Having considered the relationship of Member States and the Union in relation to UNCLOS itself, the thesis will move on to examine their relationship in regard to the implementation of the external elements of UNLCOS obligations. First fisheries matters will be examined as an area, in which the Union has exclusive competence. This is followed by a consideration of matters of maritime safety, an area for which competence is shared by the Union and its Member States. In both areas the thesis will assess the elements required for the success of the Union's external relations. The final part of the thesis will further examine the role of the Court for the relationship between the Union and its Member States by examining the MOX Plant case and recent case law. They duty of cooperation will be a particular feature of this analysis.

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19

Rojas, Salas Diana Carolina, and Peláez Grace Ysa. "Factores que explican las exportaciones de la quinua de Perú hacia Estados Unidos durante los años 2007 al 2017." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626317.

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La presente tesis de investigación busca hallar los factores que explican las exportaciones de la quinua de Perú hacia Estados Unidos durante los años 2007 al 2017; ésta se ha desarrollado en 5 capítulos: El primer capítulo incluye información sobre el producto elegido, un acercamiento al mercado mundial de la quinua, así como el destino específico de Estados Unidos; investigaciones anteriores, bases teóricas y definición de las variables del modelo econométrico a seguir. El segundo capítulo plantea la situación problemática, problemas específicos, hipótesis y objetivos, los cuales serán satisfechos a través de una investigación cuantitativa. El tercer capítulo desarrolla el tipo, alcance y diseño de la investigación, la operacionalización de las variables y los instrumentos metodológicos para el recojo de la investigación. El cuarto capítulo comprende el desarrollo y la aplicación del modelo de regresión lineal planteada en la tesis de Mamani (2015). El quinto capítulo muestra el análisis de los resultados obtenidos, conclusiones y recomendaciones. Según el análisis estadístico realizado, se puede concluir que las exportaciones de la quinua de Perú hacia Estados Unidos durante los años 2007 al 2017, son significativamente afectadas por los factores externos de Producto Bruto Interno de Estados Unidos, el precio internacional y la tarifa arancelaria.
This research thesis seeks to find the factors that explain the exports of quinoa from Peru to the United States during the years from 2007 to 2017; This has been developed in 5 chapters: The first chapter includes information about the chosen product, an approach to the world market of quinoa, as well as the specific destination of the United States; previous investigations, theoretical bases and definition of the variables of the followed econometric model. The second chapter presents the problematic situation, specific problems, hypotheses and objectives, which will be satisfied through a quantitative research. The third chapter develops the type, scope and design of the research, the operationalization of the variables and the methodological instruments for the collection of information. The fourth chapter includes the development and application of the linear regression model proposed in the thesis of Mamani (2015). The fifth chapter shows the analysis of the results obtained, conclusions and recommendations. According to the statistical analysis carried out, it can be concluded that the exports of quinoa from Peru to the United States during the years from 2007 to 2017 are significantly affected by the external factors of the United States Gross Domestic Product, the international price and the tariff rate.
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20

Meza, Marquez Ana Stefanny, and Ayala Mercedes Graciela Osorio. "Factores determinantes en las exportaciones peruanas de palta Hass a Estados Unidos en los periodos 2010-2011 y 2013-2014 en el marco Perú-Estados unidos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625978.

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La presente investigación analiza los factores determinantes que influyeron en las exportaciones peruanas de Palta Hass a Estados Unidos en los periodos 2010-2011 y 2013-2014, los cuales representan la mayor variación porcentual entre los años 2010 al 2017. Las exportaciones de palta hass peruana a Estados Unidos aumentaron de USD $316 miles en el 2010 a USD 30,174 miles en el 2011, con una variación de 9,499%. Seguido del periodo 2013-2014, donde las exportaciones aumentaron de USD 50,700 miles en el 2013 a USD 160,470 miles en el 2014, con un crecimiento porcentual de 228%. Al analizar estos dos momentos, se desea encontrar los factores determinantes que lograron este impacto en las exportaciones de palta hass y puedan ser retomadas o replicables a futuro. Como parte de la investigación, se realizaron entrevistas a los actores involucrados como entidades de El Estado, Académicos, ProHass y empresas exportadoras peruanas de palta hass a Estados Unidos durante ambos periodos. La información analizada indica que durante el primer periodo 2010-2011, existe una mayor relevancia de factores internos sobresaliendo el factor eliminación del tratamiento de frío. A diferencia del segundo periodo, donde los factores externos poseen más relevancia, resaltando el factor baja en la producción de la competencia, México y California.
The present investigation analyzes the determining factors that influenced the Peruvian exports of Palta Hass to the United States in the periods 2010-2011 and 2013-2014, which represent the highest percentage variation between 2010 and 2017. Peruvian avocado exports have The United States increased from USD $ 316 thousand in 2010 to USD 30,174 thousand in 2011, with a variation of 9.499%. Followed by the period 2013-2014, where exports increased from USD 50,700 thousand in 2013 to USD 160,470 thousand in 2014, with a percentage growth of 228%. When analyzing these two moments, we want to find the determining factors that have achieved this impact in avocado hass exports and can be resumed or replicated in the future. As part of the investigation, interviews were conducted with the actors involved such as the State, Academicians, ProHass and Peruvian companies exporting avocados to the United States during both periods. The analyzed information indicates that during the first period 2010-2011, there is a greater relevance of internal factors, excelling the factor of elimination of cold treatment as an outstanding factor. Unlike the second period, where external factors have more relevance, highlighting the factor of low in the production of the competition, Mexico and California.
Tesis

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21

Sivakumar, Sivalingam. "Dancing on the edge : the dynamics of external debt in the United States, South Korea and Argentina." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/109242.

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22

Goddard, Chester Roe. "The politics of market maintenance foreign economic policy and the Latin American market debt issue, 1982-1985 /." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23857931.html.

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23

Hinojosa, Ojeda Raúl Andrés. "The political economy of North-South interdependence debt, trade and class relations across Mexico and the United States /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28043768.html.

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24

Scully, Jennifer Lynn. "Strategies and external relationships of firms in the United States agricultural biotechnology sector." 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1192182291&sid=15&Fmt=2&clientId=39334&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Buffalo, 2006.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Mar. 09, 2007) Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Thesis adviser: Bagchi-Sen, Sharmistha. Includes bibliographical references.

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25

Ching-Feng, Tung, and 董慶豐. "Research in relationship external between Panama and the United States during the time of Panama military powerful men." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99735994099199471867.

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碩士
淡江大學
拉丁美洲研究所
82
At the beginning of twenty century, Panama was a new independent country by the help of the United States. As the boundary between Central American and South American , Panama was the narrowest isthmus to connect the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Then, the United States built an interoceanic canal in Panama and garrisoned in canal zone. Therefore, it began the conflict between Panama and the United States. Before the coup d''etat in 1968, Panama''s government dared not to oppose to the United States. So it happened that there were a lot of conflicts between Panama''s and the United States''s people . It made the Panama''s people emerge the emotion of anti- american and the nationalism. Afer the coup d''etat in 1968, it appeared two military powerful men. One was General Omar Torrijos, who struggled for the sovereignty of the canal and the canal zone, abolished the unequal canal treaty and recovered territory of Panama . The other was General Manuel Noriega, who struggled for the military position and advantage for himself. This thesis focused on the research of the different external relationship during the period of the two military powerful men.

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26

Tsai, Yi-Ming, and 蔡逸民. "The Relationship among External Corporate Governance, Earnings Management, and Firms Value – The Case of United States Listed Corporations." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14532462642749429106.

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碩士
國立交通大學
財務金融研究所
95
Financial accounting information is the basis for the investors to make further investment decision. The corporation’s financial structure and its management also can be revealed by its financial reports. The management of the company use to the right which The GAAP gives the flexibility of accrual basis to manager to embellish accounting information. Hence, the manager can decorate financial report by earnings management when the enterprises facing the financial crisis or manager wants to hollow out company’s assets. And due to the asymmetric information, the investors were being cheated. For those enterprises with scandals, the corporate governance mechanism didn’t function well to supervise it. That is the important factor for those financial scandals happened. This paper employs the G-index as a proxy for external corporation governance (Gompers, Ishii and Metrick, 2003) and earnings management that are structured by The Modified Jones Model (1995) and the Tobin’s Q as a proxy for firm value to discuss the relationship among them. The sample is the U.S. listed company from 1998 to 2003. The empirical results indicate the worse external corporation governance will increase degree of earnings management and decrease firm value.

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27

Lee, Chih-chiang, and 李志強. "Why Grenada Was Attacked by the United States of America: The Interaction of Its Internal And External Factors, 1974-1983." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7y7q9g.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
106
The United States of America launched “Operation Urgent Fury” against Grenada in 1983. As one of the two super powers at that time, the U.S. attacked the very tiny state. It was very bizarre for the U.S. to do so, like a grown man beating a baby. Upon reviewing the literature relating to “Operation Urgent Fury”, most literature focused on the attacker, the U.S., analyzing why the U.S. launched the attack, rather than on Grenada. Moreover, others ignored the internal factors of Grenada as well as the interaction of the internal and external factors of Grenada. This thesis is a case study on Grenada between 1973 and 1983, analyzing why Grenada was attacked by the U.S. in 1983 through understanding the interaction of the internal and external factors of Grenada. That period of time is broken down into five phrases for the convenience of study. The thesis concludes that due to lack of cohesion in Grenada, the external factors can have easy access to interact with the internal factor. Grenada is played as a chess piece by both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. The left-wing government of Grenada considers the U.S. as a threat, acquiring weapon for self-defense, which creates military imbalance in the region. The Operation Urgent Fury is the result of the interaction of the internal and external factors of Grenada. Small states are played as pawns in big states'' games. Big states are always ready to sacrifice the pawns to put their interest ahead. That is an unfortunate reality, but all the small states need to be cautiously aware.

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28

Tsai, Yi-Chen, and 蔡宜蓁. "The Effects of Internal and External Elements on Taiwan’s Export of Electrical Machinery and the Parts to the United States." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6392z3.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
經營管理系碩士班
101
Using the multiple regression model, this research investigates the internal and external elements that affect Taiwan’s export of electrical machinery and the parts to the United States during the period of January, 2000 to December, 2011 (A total of 144 monthly data). The obtained regression model is then used to forecast the growth data of January and February of 2012 and conduct the analysis. The results of this research indicate that, among the various inner factors, “leading index”, “import port of mechanical equipment”, and “HS 85 export price” play a significant positive relationship with Taiwan’s export of electrical machinery and the parts to the United States. Among the various outer factors, “PPI of United State” plays a significant positive relationship with Taiwan’s export of electrical machinery and the parts to the United States. Multiple regression analysis (Leg one) is used for empirical equations in the in the research. This research also finds that the model thus obtained is useful to a certain degree in the short-term forecasting.

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29

Lynch, David A. "Internal and external sources of American foreign economic policymaking the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) /." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36804852.html.

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30

Suma, Dauda Foday. "The external debt crisis and its impact on economic gowth and investment in Sub-Saharan Africa. A regional econometric approach of ECOWAS countries." Thesis, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1944/1/document.pdf.

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Development economists generally argue that poor countries at their early stages of development are often faced with limited domestic resources for development, and can therefore borrow from the developed nations to boost their rate of growth and development. This financing gap problem, which is based on the Harrod-Domar growth theory, has made developing countries, especially Sub-Saharan Africa, to accumulate large amount of external debt that they could no longer sustain. Moreover, there is now a growing concern that the large external debt service payment is retarding economic growth and investment in the heavily indebted poor countries (HIPCs), while also displacing current expenditure in priority sectors like health, education, and social infrastructure. This dissertation therefore, examines the impact of external debt on economic growth and investment in ECOWAS Sub-Saharan Africa over the period 1980-1999. Unlike the traditional debt and growth studies that use a-spatial methods, this study employs spatial autoregressive growth and investment models to determine the effects of spatial interaction and spatial dependence among ECOWAS countries during the period of the crisis. It is obvious that countries are spatial entities that interact with one another, and as such, the growth trends in one country may actually depend on the growth trajectories of others. Based on the above assumptions, the models use external debt service and total debt stock ratios, which are extracted from the World Bank and African Development Bank databases, as key or control variables plus other explanatory variables. The maximum likelihood estimation of both models yield mixed results across time. The results indicate the presence of both positive and negative spatial dependence in ECOWAS countries across time. While external debt service ratio is found to have an inverse relationship with economic growth in most periods under investigation, the total debt stock to GDP ratio only affect growth in fewer periods than expected. With regards to public investment, the external debt service ratio is found to have no impact on public investment in ECOWAS countries. However, the total debt stock to GDP ratio is found to have a negative relationship with public investment in most periods, which suggest that relying on foreign capital to boost growth and investment could be counter productive in Sub-Saharan Africa. (author's abstract)

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Stanley, Laura. "Mates and missiles: the Menzies Government and the Cuban Missile Crisis." Thesis, 2010. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/30231/.

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Abstract:

This thesis examines the Menzies Government's response to the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962. This is the first historical investigation of the Crisis in the context of Australian-American relations. Its primary objective, therefore, is to fill a historiographical gap in Australia's Cold War history.

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