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1
Abendanon, Lucille. "Debt relief for economics or debt relief for the people? : a critical analysis of the heavily indebted poor countries initiative." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53347.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The HIPC Initiative offers qualifying heavily indebted poor countries the opportunity to renege on their debt obligations in return for an emphatic commitment to poverty reduction and reform. This dissertation assesses the effectiveness of the HIPC Initiative in light of the fact that one third of the world's population continues to live on an average of US$1 per day. In evaluating the HIPC Initiative one simple question is posed: taking into consideration the abject poverty experienced by over a billion people in the developing world, and the urgency with which it must be addressed, is the HIPC Initiative extensive enough, deep enough or broad enough to effectively challenge worldwide poverty? Using quantitative and qualitative research methods, the dissertation investigates this question by examining the divergent points of view offered by the World Bank and IMF on the one hand, and NGOs on the other as they comment on the most hotly debated issues surrounding the effectiveness of the HIPC Initiative. The analysis leads us to an evaluation of the following issues: establishing debt sustainability to qualify for HIPC relief; the issue of conditionality and the use of poverty reduction strategy papers; funding the HIPC Initiative; the likelihood of HIPCs escaping the debt trap after HIPC relief; and finally, how the HIPC Initiative is contributing to attaining the Millennium Development Goals is evaluated. After probing the stances of the World Bank and IMF, and the contrasting views of NGOs the conclusions indicate that the HIPC Initiative is neither extensive, deep nor broad enough to effectively challenge poverty, or to provide indebted poor countries with a lasting escape from the burden of unsustainable debt.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Inisiatief bied aan arm lande met 'n groot skuldlas, wat kwalifiseer vir hulp, die geleentheid om hul skuldverpligtings af te las in ruil vir 'n definitiewe verbintenis tot armoede-vermindering en -hervorming. Hierdie verhandeling evalueer die doeltreffendheid van die HIPC Inisiatief teen die agtergrond van die feit dat een derde van die wêreld se bevolking op 'n gemiddelde van een Amerikaanse Dollar per dag oorleef. Hierdie evaluering van die HIPC Inisiatief stel 'n eenvoudige vraag: Is die HIPC Inisiatief voldoende en uitgebreid genoeg om die uitdaging van wêreldwye armoede aan te spreek indien 'n mens die uiterste armoede van meer as 'n biljoen mense in ontwikkelende gebiede in ag neem, sowel as die dringendheid waarmee dit aangespreek moet word? Deur van kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetodes gebruik te maak, ondersoek die verhandeling hierdie vraag deur uiteenlopende gesigspunte van die Wêreldbank en die Internasionale Monitêre Fonds (IMF) aan die een kant, en Nie- Regerings Orginisasies (NRO's) s'n aan die ander kant, te ondersoek aan die hand van hul kommentaar op die belangrikste kwessies oor die doeltreffendheid van die HIPC Inisiatief. Hierdie ontleding lei tot 'n evaluering van die volgende kwessies: bepaling van lande se potensiaal om met terugbetalings vol te hou ten einde vir hulp deur die HIPC te kwalifiseer; die kwessie van voorwaardelikheid en die gebruik van armoedeverligtingstrategieë; befondsing van die HIPC Inisiatief; die moontlikheid dat die HIPC's die skuldstrikke na toepassing van HIPC-bystand sal ontsnap; en laastens, hoe die HIPC Inisiatief se bydrae tot die bereiking van die Millenium Ontwikkelingsdoelwitte geëvalueer word. Die standpunte van die Wêreld Bank en die IMF sowel as die teengestelde sienings van die NRO's word ondersoek. Die gevolgtrekking toon dat dat die HIPC Insiatief nie uitgebreid, diep of breed genoeg is om armoede doeltreffend hok te slaan nie, of om skuldlastige arm lande te help om finaal van hul skuldlas te ontsnap nie.
2
Elnasri, Amani Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "The impact of debt relief in low-income countries." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Economics, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26779.
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The perceived lack of conclusive quantitative evidence on the macroeconomic effects of debt relief in low-income countries has generally blurred the image of debt relief efforts and left the issues of its effectiveness and efficiency open to debate and dispute. This thesis seeks to shed more light on the subject by providing some further empirical evidence. This objective is achieved by performing an empirical investigation of two effects of debt relief. First, the study examines the debt relief-new borrowing relationship in a multivariable regression framework. The results that emerge suggest that, on average, debt relief can be beneficial in reducing the future new borrowing of Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPCs). This conclusion, to some extent, is in line with the goals of HIPCs debt relief initiatives in reducing external debt burdens of those countries to sustainable levels. However, it presents a challenge to the views of William Easterly on the ???perverse incentive effects??? of ???continuing waves??? of debt relief that are said to lead to further debt accumulation of a similar magnitude to replace old cancelled debt. Second, the analysis explores the influence of debt relief on domestic investment behaviour in developing countries. Debt relief is found to have a positive effect on domestic investment in countries with good policy environments. This result suggests that debt relief would be more effective in promoting domestic investment if it were more cautiously conditioned on sound policy frameworks.
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Osunlaja, Tobi T. "Consumer debt relief in Nigeria : a comparative analysis." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46001.
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Nigeria arguably has one of the largest economies in Africa and boasts of a high level of economic activity. This is in part attributable to a large population of 160 million, with most being youths (65%). It would be expected that due to the high level of economic activity, there would be a workable and practical system for indebted consumers to obtain debt relief. Paradoxically, Nigeria boasts of a bankruptcy practice system that is comatose and non-existent. Laws regulating bankruptcy in Nigeria have been in existence in Nigeria since 1979 and are entrenched in the Bankruptcy Act. However, the nation is yet to record a successful case of bankruptcy through the available legal channels. A plethora of problems are responsible for the dire state of insolvency practice in Nigeria. These problems include the present legislative frame work, problems of obsolete laws, judicial attitudes, problems of enforcement, challenge of overburdened courts, to mention but a few. The Bankruptcy Act provides for bankruptcy proceedings as a major debt relief measure available to a consumer debtor and composition and re-arrangement as alternative debt relief measures to bankruptcy. These debt relief measures are said to be cumbersome in nature as the Bankruptcy Act provides that debt must first be judicially established in a separate proceeding before bankruptcy proceedings can be instituted against a debtor. Also, the Bankruptcy Act does not provide for adequate debt relief measures for consumer debtors. For instance, in New Zealand, England and Wales, there is a debt relief measure for debtor’s that do not have assets or income that is the No Income No Assets (NINA) debtors. Provision for this category of debtors is not available in Nigeria.
This work is a comparative study of consumer debt relief measures in South Africa, Denmark and New Zealand and is intended to highlight the strengths of these systems so that Nigeria can learn from them and fashion out a better debt relief system from the findings made. This work seeks to make recommendations and propose reforms for a better debt relief system principally through the amendment of the present Bankruptcy Act. Also that the Nigerian system must provide for a comprehensive and unified bankruptcy legislation that makes provision for non-judicial and viable alternative debt relief measures other than bankruptcy proceedings. This would give a consumer debtor the opportunity to choose the most appropriate procedure that would grant relief from indebtedness. These non-judicial procedures would also help solve the problem of over burdening of the courts, enhance speedy adjudication of bankruptcy matters and make debt relief measures available to a consumer debtor at little or no cost.
Furthermore, the work also incorporates recommendations from the International Association of Restructuring, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Professionals (INSOL International) Consumer Debt Report and the World Bank report on ―The treatment of the insolvency of natural persons‖. These recommendations propose policy guidelines for insolvency reforms in nations of the world and gives practical suggestions on how to make these procedures less cumbersome and readily available for debtors.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
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Mercantile Law
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Williams, Thomas Cephis. "Long-term oil warrants--an application to Venezuelan debt relief." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27974.
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Masilela, David Davi. "Discharge as a component of debt relief in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43172.
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Vopařilová, Radka. "Is Debt Cancellation a Good Way to go?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1013.
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The issue of the high levels of external debt in the poorest nations has become an increasing matter of concern for the industrialized nations due to the difficulties that heavily indebted nations have with sustaining economic growth. In 2005 the Group of Eight pledged to cancel the debt of the world?s most indebted countries that are eligible for the relief under the Highly Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative. Based on this pledge, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund approved the debt cancellation in March 2006, with debt cancellation commencing on June 1, 2006. As a reaction, this thesis provides an overview of arguments in favor of debt cancellation as well as against debt cancellation as they are introduced in economic literature. After presenting and taking all the points of view into consideration this thesis comes to the conclusion whether the debt cancellation is a good way to go.
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Hepp, Ralf H. "Effects of debt relief on foreign aid, growth and health expenditures /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Udagawa, Mitsuhiro. "Debt relief in international society : international responses to the debt problem of the heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435633.
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Tengstam, Sven. "Essays on smallholder diversification, industry location, debt relief, and disability and utility /." Göteborg : Dept. of Economics, School of Economics and Commercial Law Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Univ., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/18846.
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Larnemark, Martin. "The Incentive Effects from Debt Relief : A Theoretical Analysis of Two Opposing Views." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6394.
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This thesis seeks to provide an extensive theoretical framework for the potential incentive
effects from debt relief. The objective is achieved by integrating the positive incentive
model by Krugman with a negative incentive framework developed by drawing on the
theories of a soft budget constraint. The analysis shows that the existence of bailouts
offers the possibility that debt relief can produce negative incentives for the debtor
instead of positive incentives for improved performance. Taking on a game theoretical
perspective suggests that strategic behavior in the interaction between the debtor and the
creditor can increase the likelihood of a specific incentive effect to prevail. Such an
interactive game also highlights the importance for the creditor to obtain reliable
information about the behavior of the debtor.
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Burns, Jackie Rene. "Debt dependency, debt relief, and macroeconomic policies: how does the structure of external and domestic debt affect the well being of a countrys citizenry?" Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1563.
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The research expands the scope of the World System and Dependency theories that
emphasize the deleterious effects of the extent of external debt held by multilateral
institutions (Chase-Dunn, 1975; Sell and Kunitz, 1986-87; Meldrum, 1987; Harsch,
1989; Bradshaw and Huang, 1991; Bradshaw et al., 1993) and the structure of capital
formation (Chase-Dunn 1975;Bornschier, Chase-Dunn, and Rubinson 1978; Bornschier
and Chase-Dunn,1985; Timberlake and Kentor, 1983; Bradshaw, 1987; Walton and
Ragin, 1990; Dixon and Boswell, 1996; Firebaugh, 1996) on the growth and
development of Third World Countries. This research primarily examines the
relationship between external debt held by multilateral development institutions and
central government debt. A major barrier to social and economic development in
developing countries is malnutrition and the inability of individuals to maintain a healthy
standard of living and be economically and socially productive. The major findings on
the direct and indirect effect of external debt and the solvency of a domestic economy on
the health and nutritional status of women and children were: External debt as measured
as a percent of GDP did produce slight but statistically significant direct effects on
under-five infant mortality. Central government debt as measured as a percent of GDP
demonstrated a direct effect only with under-five mortality and it was modest at best.
Gross domestic investment measured as a percent of GDP also exhibited a weak direct
effect on under-five infant mortality and percent total immunized. As expected, external
debt did demonstrate a substantial and statistically significant direct effect on central
government debt. The results of the path analysis reveal that external debt consistently
produced an indirect effect, operating through central government debt, on measures of
under-five mortality, percent children immunized, and children wasting and stunting.
However, the magnitude fluctuates considerably and their statistical significance drops
to below acceptable levels on childhood immunizations and the nutritional measures.
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Barría, Lilian A. "Negotiating economic stabilization measures : the two-level debt game /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988646.
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Hjertstedt, Nicole. "Skuldnedskrivningar på bostadslån - Ett sätt för banker att ta ansvar på en överhettad bostadsmarknad." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183417.
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Bostadsmarknaden har varit väldigt uppmärksammad de senaste åren på grund av de ökade priserna och lägre bolåneräntor som blivit resultatet av en sänkt reporänta. I detta arbete har skuldsättningen av olika hushållstyper exemplifierats och simulerats utifrån att marknadsvariabler förändras såsom marknadsvärden på bostäder och ränteläget. Utöver detta har skuldsanering satts i relation till en ny typ av skuldlättnad som skulle kunna vara ett alternativ till skuldsanering men också samtidigt förhindra reaförluster och ostabila hushåll under verkningar av exempelvis en ökad räntebörda som hushåll inte klarar av. Denna skuldlättnad är en typ av skuldsanering som bankerna blir obligerade att genomföra då de varit för optimistiska i sin utlåning. Detta skulle göra att bostaden i sig blir mer intressant för bankerna i stället för att endast fokusera på hushållets betalningsförmåga. På detta sätt har bankerna ytterligare ett incitament till att vara försiktiga i sin utlåning, samtidigt som i de fall då denna skuldnedskrivning skulle aktualiseras skulle även hushållen kunna bo kvar i sina bostäder och inte behöva sälja till ett pris möjligen lägre än vad som finns kvar på bolånet. Detta leder till en mer stabil marknad i det fall att priserna skulle sjunka och räntan öka, då inga större realisationsförluster skulle behöva äga rum utan i stället räddas hushållens förmåga att kunna betala för sin bostad.The housing market has been much discussed the last few years as a consequence of the dramatically increasing prices and the lower interest rates on housing mortgages, which in turn was the consequence of the lowered repo rate. In this thesis the debt constellation of different household types have been exemplified and simulated from market variables such as market values and interest rate levels. Beyond this, debt restructuring has been modified into another type of debt relief that could be an alternative to debt restructuring but also being able to prevent capital losses and instability on the housing market as a consequence of too high interest rates which may force households to sell their house under mortgage levels. This type of debt relief could obligate the banks to relieve the households of the excess debt that they cannot meet. By doing this the banks will have a stronger incentive of making a proper valuation of the residence instead of only focusing on the solvency of the household. This will have the effect that once the household can’t pay for their mortgage they will get the chance to be relieved of excess debt so that they still can live in their residence and not having to sell the property at a low market price so that mortgage still remains after the sell, as this could result in more instability on the housing market. The losses for the banks on debt relief are calculated in these cases to be significantly smaller than the potential capital losses on properties. As a result, fluctuations on the market could be contained to a certain degree by obligating banks to make debt relieves for the households that otherwise would have had to sell, and thus, offering more stability on an instable market.
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Birkholtz, Magdalena Aletta. "The application of the National Credit Act 34 of 2005 within debt relief industry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77427.
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate, within the practical arena, how debt counselling
industry guidelines, being the Task Team Agreements and the Court Application
Guidelines, challenge the application and interpretation of the National Credit Act
34 of 2005 (the NCA), in respect of the debt review process by leading to impractical
application. The study achieves this purpose by discussing select challenges under
two objectives to evaluate possible solutions to these challenges. The first objective is
to discuss select factors that a debt counsellor must consider in determining overindebtedness.
The finding of over-indebtedness is evaluated with consideration of the
concept “financial means, prospects and obligations” as described in sections 78 and
79 of the NCA. The interpretation thereof is done with specific reference to the
realisation of assets, consideration of household income, and the proposed consumer
budget. These challenges demonstrate how opposing views and impractical
expectations regarding “financial means, prospects and obligations” delay the court
process in debt reviews. The second objective of the study is to discuss select factors
that magistrates should consider in determining whether the re-arrangement proposal
of a debt counsellor is fair. The select factors discussed are: interest rate concessions,
repayment term concessions, the application of the in duplum-rule to debt restructuring
proposals, and the ordering of a reckless credit investigation by a magistrate. The
challenges discussed under the two aforementioned objectives demonstrate how the
interpretational uncertainties with regard to the select factors challenge the finalisation
of the debt review court process. The study concludes with recommendations on how
these interpretational uncertainties can be resolved.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Monkam, Pascal. "Debt relief and fight against extreme poverty : a comparative study of Nicaragua and Cameroon." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76728.
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This thesis regards debt relief accorded to poor countries as a means to fight
extreme poverty. Indeed, the financial crisis the 1980s and the Structural Adjustment
Plans (SAP) imposed upon poor countries by International Financial Institutions
(IFIs) left a legacy of widespread poverty and high debt. It is in that context that
these IFIs departed from the strict Washington Consensus and proposed debt relief
for some Highly-Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC), with the implementation of Poverty
Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) which were supposedly inclusive of the
countries’ concerns and pro-poor orientated. Now that the Initiative is virtually over,
this thesis endeavoured to critically explore its efficacy in terms of poverty reduction
with the goal of discovering if the HIPC Initiative translated into significant beneficial
outcomes for the poor. Additionally, it sought to discover if there are alternative,
tested poverty reduction strategies and how the IFIs should act if confronted with a
debt crisis again, with alleviating poverty the true goal. Responses to the problem
were reached through a quantitative and qualitative comparative analysis of
secondary data from two participating (and fairly close in size) countries, Cameroon
and Nicaragua.
The use of the Most Similar System Design (MSSD) method during the comparison
further allowed the uncovering of a differentiating factor between the Nicaraguan
and the Cameroonian PRSPs. Indeed, the Nicaraguan PRSP (contrary to its
Cameroonian counterpart) had an Unconditional Cash Transfer (UCT) program
embedded into its PRSP. The critical analysis indicated that the PRSPs, just as the
SAPs earlier, promoted pro-growth policies covered with a redistributive discourse.
Furthermore, the comparative analysis suggested that Nicaragua fared significantly
better in terms of extreme poverty alleviation than Cameroon, partly thanks to the
use of UCT. Using the Foster-Greer-Torbeck poverty formula, it was then
demonstrated that in the case of Cameroon, the funds from the Initiative were
enough to eradicate extreme poverty in Cameroon for eight consecutive years
through a similar UCT program. The above results strengthen the advocacy for the
continuation of UCT programs by Nicaragua and for the implementation of UCT programs by Cameroon using its own resources. They also promote the use of such
programs by the IFIs whenever they are confronted with a debt crisis again, with
extreme poverty alleviation as their goal.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Anthropology and Archaeology
PhD
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Henrikson, Ann-Sofie. "Överskuldsatt och skyldig : en rättsvetenskaplig analys av konsumentskyddet mot överskuldsättning." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-118677.
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Consumer credit is seen as a matter of course and an essential precondition enabling the individual consumer to allocate in a smooth manner his or her income to varying expenses, and allowing the growth-rate to increase in society. The consumer community using different forms of credit has increased and includes today a diversity of social groups such as the elderly, children, the rich and the poor. Credit is not just a good thing, however, as it involves risks of failing to fulfill the credit contract obligations. The point of departure for the thesis is that over-indebtedness constitutes a problem which society wishes to solve because it causes considerable difficulties for both individuals and society as a whole. Numerous rules govern loans in Sweden, from the moment the consumer contemplates entering into a credit contract to the moment when the consumer is too indebted to repay the debt when due and must seek debt-repayment-plan modification. The thesis examines and analyses which consumer protections against overindebtedness emerge from these rules. The study shows that the regulatory measures adopted in recent years are similar to each other and mostly consist of rules protecting the consumer before a credit contract is concluded. Although the purpose of other existing rules addressing the last phase of the credit process is to protect the consumer who miscalculated his or her future economic circumstances, the protection is overall weak. In fact some of the rules in the last phase of the credit process can contribute to aggravating the consumer’s economic situation.
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Guder, Leonie F. "The administration of debt relief by the international financial institutions : a legal reconstruction of the HIPC Initiative /." Berlin : Springer, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3159250&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Guder, Leonie F. "The administration of debt relief by the international financial institutions a legal reconstruction of the HIPC initiative." Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer, 2007. http://d-nb.info/990521990/04.
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Oryema, John Bosco. "Essays in Health and Development Economics." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6343.
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This dissertation examines three health and development issues in Sub-Saharan Africa. It analyzes the impact of policy changes and interventions on child mortality, household food consumption and cesarean section births. The study is motivated by the Millennium Development Goals and policies which could affect their achievement. In the first essay, I investigate the impact of debt relief on under-five mortality rate. A dynamic panel data estimator is employed in the analysis. The result shows that debt relief is associated with a statistically significant reduction in under-five mortality rate. I conclude that conditionality of debt relief or development aid can yield positive outcomes. The second essay examines the impact of private hospitals on the likelihood of cesarean section births in Uganda. The study is motivated by the increase in cesarean section births following the proliferation of private hospitals. The main method of estimation is a bivariate probit model. The results show that delivery at private hospitals increases the probability of cesarean section births, thus there is need to monitor private hospitals so that expectant mothers are protected from physician induced demand for avoidable cesarean section births. The final essay studies the impact of agricultural extension services on household food consumption in Uganda. The study exploits the variation in participation in the NAADS to estimate the impact of the program on household food consumption. I find that NAADS membership and training are associated with an increase in household food consumption, hence agricultural extension services can be used to reduce food insecurity. Policy recommendations and future studies are explored.
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Mühlbauer, Klaus. "Adäquate Mitwirkung der Banken am polnischen Entschuldungsprogramm /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2002. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009649753&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Triebel, Michaela. "Debt relief as panacea for solving the development crisis of sub-Saharan Africa : an analysis of the HIPC Initiative /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989435407/04.
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Youmans, Hernandez Pamela M. "The doctrine of odious debt : a solution for post apartheid South Africa." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/347.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Guder, Leonie F. [Verfasser]. "The administration of debt relief by the international financial institutions : a legal reconstruction of the HIPC initiative / Leonie F. Guder." Berlin, 2008. http://d-nb.info/992641055/34.
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Bernardová, Vendula. "Insolvenční řízení na praktickém příkladě." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193471.
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The thesis deals with insolvency proceeding and the aim of this thesis is to point out some facts thanks to practical examples and to become these facts were already less. The thesis is divided into six chapters, where it is analyzed the history of bankruptcy law, what is the decline and then insolvency proceeding. The final chapters are devoted to practical examples and situation in Czech Republic from efficiency the insolvency Act.
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Robert, Christopher LeBaron. "Wealth, Welfare, and Well-being: Essays on Indebtedness and Normative Analysis." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10104.
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Broad swaths of humanity have become richer, healthier, and better educated. More of the world’s poorest have access to affordable credit, enabling them to invest in a better future. But what are the consequences? Does greater wealth or greater access to credit make people happier or more fulfilled? This dissertation presents essays on the relationship between wealth and well-being, the welfare effects of both debt and debt relief, and the kinds of normative analysis that help to inform good public policy. The first essay, The Methodology of Normative Policy Analysis (joint with Richard Zeckhauser), concerns disagreements in policy analysis and discourse. It provides a simple taxonomy of disagreement, identifying distinct categories within both the positive and values domains of normative policy analysis. Using disagreements in climate policy to illustrate, it demonstrates how illuminating the structure of disagreement helps to clarify the way forward. It concludes by suggesting a structure for policy analysis that can facilitate assessment, comparison, and debate by laying bare the most likely sources of disagreement. The second essay, Wealth and Well-being, tests a fundamental prediction of economic theory: that greater wealth causes greater well-being. It uses a natural experiment to estimate the causal effect of income on subjective well-being. Among a population of indebted farmers in rural India, the marginal effect of income on life satisfaction is found to be positive. However, the source of income appears to exert an important and independent effect. In this study the source is agricultural debt relief, which features a positive marginal effect but also a countervailing negative effect (perhaps due to stigma). The third essay, Moral Hindrance, argues that the total cost of default borne by low-income borrowers, including social, psychological, and other sanctions, is likely to be excessive, giving rise to sub-optimal borrower risk-taking and excessive borrower effort. I call this the moral hindrance problem, to distinguish it from the moral hazard problem often presumed by economists. The essay argues that policy should promote competition among lenders, encourage broader use of collateral, and allow interest rates to rise as necessary to meet borrower demand for varying loan conditions.
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Hanáková, Eva. "Škodí rozvojová pomoc?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199510.
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A model of development aid, which has been known for more than 50 years is clearly ineffective in Sub-Saharan Africa. This is because such assistance demonstrably negatively affects local governments and strongly contributes to the proliferation of corruption and deterioration of the elements od democracy. The theory of the vicious circle of poverty as one of the main arguments of the proponents of this aid is refuted in the thesis and replaced by the theory of the vicious circle of political instability, which is associated with that governments and their policies. It is necessary tu support a citizens' initiative, which will seek the establishment of democratic institutions, not governments, which are responsible for poverty of their country. Development aid is not the only thing that harms poor countries. Less visible, but with a strong negative effect there are protectionist measures in the form of non-tariff barriers, the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU and its export subsidies, or debt relief of bad governemtns. The failure of these policies are so fundamental that the best advice would probably be to end the government subsidies for poor countries and a focus on small development projects helping specific people, instead of grand plans and aid volumes sounding into space.
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Gaertner, Lorraine. "The motives for the mesarum edict of King Ammiṣaduqa of the old Babylonian period : ethics, ego or economics?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2698.
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Thesis (MPhil (Ancient Studies)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.Ammißaduqa, penultimate king of the Ôammurabi dynasty in the Old Babylonian period, reigned from 1646-1626 BCE, and issued a mēšarum edict which Finkelstein described as “a single tablet, inscribed with a most unique text of an importance for the socio-economic life of Babylonia second to no other.” It is essential to define ancient royal edicts within their cultural context. This thesis examines, within the broad legal, religious, political and social background of the Ancient Near East, the design of royal edicts, their aims, beneficiaries and legal implications. The primary goal of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the motives for the promulgation of mēšarum decrees within the ancient cultures, and in particular, the motives for Ammißaduqa’s first edict. There is a strong scholarly tendency to seek the motives in the economic faction, even likening this decree to a “modern-day economic stimulus package,” a type of “RDP”. Kraus noted that the first promulgation was designed and executed for ideological purposes, subsequent mēšarum edicts were economic emergency measures. Nel agreed that the proclamation of a mēšarum was part of the propaganda strategy to strengthen the royal administration and to legitimize its power. The mēšarum was not designed to bring prosperity, but to stimulate agricultural production and prevent uncontrolled urbanization. Olivier noted that the mēšarum was intended, not to reform the economic system, but to remedy the unbearable economic situation. The economic motive is therefore of prime importance for all subsequent edicts, although an overlapping of all three motives – ethics, ego and economy – is highly likely. The base-line conclusion is that the motive and the occasion are inseparable. The aim of this thesis was to produce sufficient evidence that king Ammißaduqa was primarily inspired by ethics and ego, and not economics, when declaring his first mēšarum edict.
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Mollel, Lekinyi N. "Impact of debt relief on fiscal allocation to social priority sectors and response of social indicators in the HIPCs : a case study of Tanzania." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14725.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 60-65).External debt burden has been viewed as one of the key impediments to economic growth and a cause of widespread poverty in the Heavily lndebted Poor Countries (HIPCs). To join efforts of the HIPCs in ï¬ ghting poverty, the international donor community granted substantial debt relief through different initiatives including among others; unilateral bilateral agreements, the Paris Club Agreements, debt buyback schemes, the I-IIPC Initiative and its successor, the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI). All these initiatives were expected to increase public spending in social priority sectors and ultimately reduce poverty incidence in the HIPC-s. This study assesses, firstly whether the debt relief has helped to increase Government spending on education and health sectors in Tanzania and, secondly, whether increased ï¬ scal spending on the sectors has translated into improvement in the primary and secondary school enrollments and life expectancy. A system of structural equations is estimated within a Vector Autoregressive (VAR) framework. The ï¬ ndings suggest increases in Government expenditure on education and health through debt relief. Primary and secondary school enrolments improve with increased Government spending on education and health. Institutional quality is found to be signiï¬ cant in determining education spending and educational indicators. However, life expectancy was not found to respond to public Spending, possibly due to the inherent gestation period in health related indicators and quality of data used. Nevertheless, the ï¬ ndings, though based on short-run series, give an insight that in the long-run, the cumulative effects of debt relief can contribute towards successes in the ï¬ ght against poverty and ultimately attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS).
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Tomasková, Hana. "Insolvenční zákon v praxi - osobní bankrot." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-163009.
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Thesis on "Insolvency Law in Practice - Personal Bankruptcy" deals with a form of resolving insolvency or impending insolvency of due non-business entities, and that is the debt relief so-called personal bankruptcy. This thesis monitors the amount of submitted and rejected proposals to permit discharge and summarizes the most common reasons for their submissions and errors in the rejected proposals. The thesis analyzes the development of debt relief since 2008 with a focus on southern Bohemia. The conclusion is mentioned debt relief legislation in Austria.
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Svobodová, Martina. "Funkce insolvenčního správce v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193399.
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This thesis is focused on function of insolvency administrator, both in terms of requirements imposed on the performance of insolvency administrator, and in the terms of the obligations that insolvency administrator has to execute in course of the insolvency proceedings. The objective of this thesis is analyzing function of insolvency administrator from the point of view of his position, powers and responsibility in insolvency proceedings. The objective of this thesis is also to test hypothesis, whether a new system of appointment of insolvency administrators based on rotational principle can be considered as effective and whether it truly led to higher transparency of appointment of insolvency administrators.
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Mobie, Titus Risimati. "The impact of privatization of water system towards the poor a challenge to pastoral care : with special reference to the rural communities of Bushbuckridge /." Thesis, Pretoria : [S.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11062008-170236/.
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Martínek, Karel. "Analýza služeb poskytovaných občanskými poradnami." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72120.
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The aim of the thesis is to do an analyze of services provided by the selected citizen advice and evaluation of the most common problems that clients turned up for help. In the introduction I define the basic theoretical and methodological basis of work. Subsequently, historical aspects will be generalized, which stood at the birth of a new citizen service. In another part I describe the term of counseling, focusing on the typology and principles. I specify the target group and the methodology of work with a client advisor. In conclusion, the theory will focus on the way to guarantee the quality of consulting services in relation to the standards of social services. In the practical part I bring near the role of management consulting citizen selected, the process of obtaining funding sources and ways of organizing work. Then I compare the differences in accounting and reporting against business entities. Further specifications will be made counseling process, with particular emphasis on the expertise of advisors. I do an analyze of services in terms of counseling and also I evaluate the social role of the state. The research part will seek both to confirm or refute the hypotheses set, while a suitable method of analyzing business advisors in dealing with clients in the selected clinic and evaluate the role of preventive counseling in the social phenomena studied. The outcome will be recommendations on how to improve business counseling and counselors themselves.
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Křížová, Iveta. "Výkon funkce insolvenčního správce v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199269.
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This thesis deals with a person of the Insolvency Administrator, both in terms of the requirements imposed on the person of the Insolvency Administrator, and in terms of the obligations to be Insolvency Administrator in the course of Insolvency proceedings perform. The main objective of this thesis is to test the hypothesis that can be considered the submitted draft amendments to the Insolvency Act effective from 1. 1. 2014, effective, particularly in relation to the performance of the Insolvency Administrator.
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Deržáková, Ilona. "Ochrana spotřebitele na finančním trhu České republiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15488.
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The thesis provides an overview of consumer protection in the financial markets in the Czech Republic. The focus is on the legislative system of client protection in commercial banking, which includes consumer credit, protecting consumer deposits and system of payments. Furthermore, this thesis deals with capital markets, focusing on consumer protection resulting from the implementation of MiFID in the legal system of the Czech Republic. The last segment of the financial markets defined in this thesis is the insurance industry. Each area of consumer protection is complemented by illustrations of current cases and includes an evaluation of the effectiveness of certain legal measures and revealing the weaknesses in each segment. Beyond the legislative framework are also described activities in the area of consumer protection by major institutions, in particular the activities of the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic, Czech Financial Arbitrator, Deposit Insurance Fund and the Guarantee Fund. To add to the comprehensiveness of the overview of consumer protection in the financial markets, additional protective measures were included (Institute of debt relief, distraint of debtor, protection of personal data of clients of financial institutions).
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Ferry, Marin. "Four Essays on Financing for Development." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED065/document.
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Cette thèse propose une analyse empirique de deux stratégies majeures du financement du développement; les annulations de dette et la mobilisation des ressources domestiques. Les trois premiers chapitres tentent d'analyser les effets des annulations de dette du début des années 2000 sur les finances publiques et les possibilités de réendettement des gouvernements bénéficiaires. Nos résultats montrent que les annulations de dette concédées via les initiatives PPTE et IADM ont permis d'améliorer significativement la composition budgétaire des gouvernements récipiendaires et de diversifier leurs sources de financement. Néanmoins, d'autres résultats mettent en lumière l'existence d'un aléa moral induit par ces initiatives, nécessitant ainsi une surveillance accrue des politiques budgétaires, notamment une fois l'annulation de dette octroyée. Enfin, le quatrième chapitre tente de revisiter la relation entre fiscalité et croissance en adoptant une approche macro-micro à l'aide de données de firmes. Notre analyse montre que la fiscalité est bénéfique à l'activité des entreprise, en particulier celles des pays à faible revenu. Par ailleurs, d'autres résultats suggèrent que cet effet est renforcé lorsque ces mêmes firmes font face à une faible corruption, réitérant ainsi la nécessité pour les pays en développement d'établir un environnement économique et politique sainThis thesis aims at investigating empirically the effects of two financing strategies for low-income countries; debt relief and taxation. The first three chapters focus on the consequences of debt relief for public finance and new external financing. Results show that cancellations granted under the multilateral debt relief initiatives have been beneficial for recipient countries by significantly improving the composition of their budget and widening financing opportunities. However, findings also underline the risk of moral hazard stemming from these initiatives which thus calls for continuous sound fiscal management, especially after debt relief. Lastly, the fourth chapter revisits the taxation-growth nexus adopting a macro-micro approach. Using firm-level data in developing countries our findings suggest that taxation is favorable to firms' activity, especially when firms operate in poor countries characterized by a significant lack of infrastructure. Moreover, this effect of taxation seems to be maximal in the absence of corruption, hence reaffirming the need for healthy and enabling economic and political environments in developing countries
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Iezzi, Novella. "La meritevolezza concorsuale. Prospettive storiche e comparate dalle origini al nuovo Codice della Crisi d'Impresa e dell'Insolvenza: un focus sul consumatore." Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11576/2691277.
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La meritevolezza concorsuale è un criterio di interpretazione giudiziale utile a selezionare categorie di soggetti da sottrarre alle conseguenze più severe di applicazione della legge fallimentare. Per essere in grado di servire interessi mutevoli e di adattarsi a logiche punitive differenti, la meritevolezza deve necessariamente consistere in una clausola elastica. Non a caso, nell’arco dell’ultimo secolo, essa ha rappresentato il criterio di accesso al concordato preventivo del debitore commerciale onesto e sfortunato, altrimenti destinato al fallimento; poi il filtro attraverso il quale il sistema ha selezionato apparati produttivi e forza lavoro delle imprese in crisi da salvare; infine il limite di accesso alla esdebitazione per il debitore sovraindebitato. La sua continua metamorfosi ha accompagnato e facilitato la parabola storica del diritto concorsuale e la transizione da un diritto fallimentare fortemente punitivo e disgregativo degli apparati produttivi, a un diritto concorsuale che si fa carico dell’ascesa e del declino della grande impresa; che accentua la sua natura negoziale e concordataria rimettendo ai privati l’articolazione dei rispettivi interessi; che configura l’esdebitazione come conclusione del fallimento, ammettendo alle procedure concorsuali anche il debitore civile, finanche consumatore; che trasla, infine, nel versante creditorio con l’accoglimento di una prospettiva di responsible lending.
Sul piano della ricerca comparata, lo studio attinge dalle esperienze afferenti ai sistemi di common law, che hanno introdotto il concetto di discharge e lo hanno condizionato ad una meritevolezza resa per la prima volta un principio di diritto cogente. Il modello concorsuale americano, in particolare, stemperando sempre più la carica etica della meritevolezza ha finito per produrre, nella sua storia recente, un paradosso in virtù del quale, osservato il sistema del credito su una scala sufficientemente ampia, non è più il debitore il soggetto che si giova della esdebitazione.
Il piano della ricerca storica restituisce, invece, una minore distanza dalle esperienze concorsuali britannica e americana, vissute comunemente come archetipi di alterità. Attraverso una analisi del fallimento dalle origini al tardo Rinascimento, infatti, emerge un filo conduttore nello sviluppo di modalità di trattamento dell’insolvenza che accomuna Europa insulare e continentale, e che le rende per certi versi, reciprocamente, meno aliene. Ed è proprio il concetto di meritevolezza che salda, in un’unica matrice, esperienze che per altri versi vanno differenziandosi in civils e commons, trascorrendo dalla ciceroniana incolpevolezza dell’indebitamento, alla divisione tra debitori onesti e sfortunati e non dello Stracca, al medesimo honest but unfortunate debtor della tradizione anglosassone a partire dagli Stuart.
Il piano della ricerca normativa evidenzia un notevole intervallo -prodotto dalla stratificazione degli interventi normativi- di declinazioni riconnesse alla meritevolezza (quella dell’accordo con i creditori, del piano del consumatore, della liquidazione dei beni, dell’incapiente e del credito) tutte contemporaneamente vigenti. Questa moltiplicazione di significati favorirà necessariamente l’intervento suppletivo della giurisprudenza, che dovrà esercitare una opzione interpretativa, avvertita tanto dei rischi connessi all’abbandono della tradizionale attitudine rigoristica, quanto della necessità di stemperarla in virtù non soltanto delle temperie economiche e sociali che minacciano il debito commerciale e civile, ma anche delle istanze solidaristiche che fondano il nostro sistema giuridico.
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Ramquist, Lisa. "Mellan det abstrakta och konkreta : Didaktisk textanalys av autentiska planeringar i förskolan." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443028.
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Undervisningsuppdraget i förskolan har förstärkts i och med den reviderade Läroplanen för förskolan (2018). Samtidigt visar tidigare forskning på brister i hur uppdraget förstås och omsätts i praktiken. Denna uppsats tar sin utgångspunkt i behovet av mer forskning om hur undervisningsbegreppet omsätts i praktiken i förskolan, genom att fokusera på planeringen av undervisning. I uppsatsen används de klassiska didaktiska frågorna; vad, hur och varför samt begreppet didaktisk relief för att undersöka hur didaktiska val beskrivs och motiveras i planeringar i förskolan. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka vilken didaktisk relief som blir synlig i autentiska pedagogiska planeringar i förskolan. En tematisk textanalys med utgångspunkt i teorin har genomförts av 34 planeringar från förskolan. Resultatet visar att de undersökta planeringarna i huvudsak svarar på de klassiska didaktiska frågorna vad, hur och varför. Samtidigt framträder brister i den didaktiska kompetensen då en stor del av de undersökta planeringarna saknar tydlighet och didaktiska motiveringar till de val som gjorts. Det övergripande mönstret är att det framför allt är varför-frågan som tenderar att bli utesluten i de autentiska planeringarna. Studien ger ett teoretiskt bidrag genom begreppet planeringens didaktiska relief. Resultatet sammanfattas utifrån två idealtyper av didaktiska reliefer i planeringarna. Den abstrakta didaktiska reliefen, där didaktikens varför-fråga hamnar i förgrunden på bekostnad av konkreta formuleringar kring innehåll och genomförande. Samt den konkreta didaktiska reliefen som kännetecknas av att didaktikens vad- eller hur-frågan hamnar i förgrunden medan de didaktiska motiveringarna saknas. Det tolkas som att det saknas ett professionellt språk inom förskolan, ett språk som skulle kunna fungera som en brygga mellan det abstrakta och det konkreta.
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Assarsson, Marie, and Jane Persson. "DET GÖR ONT - DET GÖR ONT. MUSIKENS BETYDELSE FÖR ATT LINDRA KRONISK SMÄRTA. EN LITTERATURSTUDIE." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24296.
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Både kronisk smärta och musik har existerat från begynnelsen och de utövar stort inflytande på människan multidimensionellt. Musiken har genom tiderna använts för att påverka stämning och humör. Syftet med denna studie var därför att undersöka om musik har lindrande effekt på kronisk smärta. Metoden var en litteraturstudie där tolv vetenskapliga artiklar låg till grund för resultatet. Teoretisk referensram var Rosmarie Parses omvårdnadsteori, som beskriver människans symbios med miljön. Dessutom menar Parse att det ska finnas alternativ till den traditionella medicinen. Resultatet visade att musiken hade lindrande effekt både fysiologiskt och psykologiskt. Förutom smärtlindrande effekt uppstod avslappning och kognitiva förändringar som ökade patientens känsla av inre styrka. Denna styrka kan hjälpa patienten att ta makten över sin smärta så den inte överskuggar hela tillvaron. Musik i omvårdnaden är lätt att implementera då den är enkel, ofarlig och kostnadseffektiv. Den passar även utmärkt som egenvårdsåtgärd.Both chronic pain and music have existed from the beginning of time and they exercise a great deal of influence over the human being on multidimensional levels. Music has been used throughout time to affect atmosphere and mood. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether music can relieve chronic pain. The method used was a literature review where our results were based on twelve scientific articles. The nursing care theories of Rosmarie Parse, where she describes the symbiosis between human and environment, served as a reference frame. In addition, Parse believes that there should be an alternative to traditional medicine. The results showed that music relieved pain both physiologically and psychologically. Apart from its pain relieving effects it resulted in relaxation and cognitive changes in the patient, which increased his sense of inner strength. This strength can in turn help the patient to take control over his pain so that it doesn’t overshadow his everyday life. It is easy to implement music in nursing care as it is simple, harmless and cheap. Music is also an excellent method of self-care.
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Bengtsson, Malin, and Linda Modig. "Familjers upplevelse av symtomlindring vid palliativ vård i det egna hemmet : en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-3382.
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SAMMANFATTNING Dagens utveckling är att vården flyttar hem i allt större utsträckning och att fler personer önskar avsluta livet i hemmet. Den palliativa vården har som mål att lindra lidande och främja livskvalitet och utgår från de fyra hörnstenarna symtomkontroll, samarbete, kommunikation och information samt stöd till närstående. Tillgången till palliativ vård är dock ojämn i landet och för att uppnå en väl fungerande symtomlindring ställs stora krav både på sjukvården och på de närstående. Patienten och närstående ingår i det system som utgör familjen. Tillsammans bildar familjen en enhet där familjemedlemmarna påverkar varandra. Syftet med studien var att beskriva familjers upplevelse av symtomlindring vid palliativ vård i det egna hemmet. Metoden som användes var en litteraturöversikt baserad på 17 artiklar hämtade från sökningar i CINAHL och PubMed. Materialet analyserades utifrån en metod för integrative reviews. Utifrån det resultat som framkom skapades tre kategorier; kunskap och förståelse för symtomlindring leder till upplevelse av trygghet, betydelse av tillgång till sjukvård och familjens upplevelse av delaktighet i vården. Resultatet visade på att om familjen fick tidig och anpassad information ökade tryggheten och möjlighet till delaktighet i vården. Genom information och kunskap kunde patienten själv bevara kontrollen över situationen vilket ansågs värdefullt. De närstående kunde ta en mer aktiv roll i symtomlindringen och med känslan av att de kunde göra något för den närstående som var sjuk skapades trygghet. Tillgång till stöd via sjukvården var också avgörande för hur symtomlindringen upplevdes av familjen. Genom kunnig och trygg personal som hade god kunskap om familjen skapades tillit och därmed trygghet för familjen. Slutsatsen är att familjens upplevelse av symtomlindring vid palliativ vård i det egna hemmet är att de ofta får information för sent och att det leder till oro. Tidig och anpassad information ökar trygghetskänslan i familjen och ger närstående möjlighet till delaktighet i vården. Sjukvårdens samarbete med hela familjen är därmed avgörande för en väl fungerande symtomlindring. Ett familjecentrerat synsätt skulle kunna bidra till att sätta familjens behov i fokus och utveckla den palliativa vården.ABSTRACT Today’s development is that healthcare is moving home to an increasing extent and more persons wish to end their life in their own home. Palliative care aims to alleviate suffering and promote quality of life and is based on the four cornerstones of symptom control, collaboration, communication and information, plus support for family. There is an imbalance in access to palliative care throughout the country and in order to achieve a well-functioning symptom relief great demands are placed on both the health care and the related parties. The patient and related parties are part of the system that makes up the family. Together, the family forms a unit where the family members influence each other. The aim of this study was to describe families’ experiences of symptom relief in palliative care in their own home. The method used was a literature review based on 17 articles retrieved from database searches in CINAHL and PubMed. The material was analyzed based on a method for integrative reviews. Based on the results that emerged, three categories were created; knowledge and understanding of symptom relief leads to feeling of security, importance of access to health care and the family’s experiences of participation in health care. The results showed that if the family received timely information adapted to their needs, security and the possibility that they would participate in the care increased. Through information and knowledge, the patient valued that they were able to maintain control of the situation. Family caregivers could take a more active role in the symptom relief and felt secure with the fact that they could do something for the family member who was ill. Access to healthcare support was also crucial for how the symptom relief was experienced by the family. The involvement of knowledgeable and confident staff who had good insights to the family and their needs, created a sense of trust and security for the family. The conclusion is that the families often experienced that they received information too late regarding symptom relief in palliative care in their own home, this in turn caused concerns. Timely and personalized information increases the feeling of security within the family and provides an opportunity to participate in the care. For a well functioning symptom relief, it is crucial that healthcare personal works together with the family. A family centered approach could help to focus the family's needs and develop the palliative care.
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Najberg, Sheila. "Privatização de recursos públicos: os empréstimos do sistema BNDES ao setor privado nacional com correção monetária parcial." reponame:Biblioteca Digital do Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social, 1989. http://web.bndes.gov.br/bib/jspui/handle/1408/15687.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Departamento de Economia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 1989. Bibliografia: p. 137-140.This dissertation analyses the implicit give away of public funds that resulted from the partial indexation of BNDE'S loans to private domestic enterprises, during the second half of the seventies. The analysis of 13.350 long term financing contracts allowed the estimation of the values that were transfered and its distribution amongest beneficiaries.
A tese analisa a doação implícita de recursos públicos, que resultou da concessão de financiamentos pelo Sistema BNDES ao setor privado nacional, com cláusula de correção monetária parcial, na segunda metade da década de setenta. A partir da análise de cerca de 13.350 contratos de empréstimos de longo prazo, estima-se o valor das transferências patrimoniais envolvidas e, examina-se sua distribuição entre os beneficiários.
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Oskarsson, Daniel, and Jan-Erik Henriksson. "Modernisering av marint styr- och övervakningsskåp." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-392.
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Larsson, Britt-Marie, and Maria Crantz. "Det gör ont : Läkemedelsfri smärtlindring med stöd av grindteorin ur ett patientperspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10288.
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SYFTE: Syftet är att belysa patienternas upplevelse av läkemedelsfri smärtlindring med stöd av grindteorin. DESIGN: Litteraturstudie BAKGRUND: Kunskap om hur patienterna upplever läkemedelsfri smärtbehandling baserad på grindteorin, kan göra det lättare för den enskilda sjuksköterskan att fatta beslut om användande av dessa metoder. URVAL: Vetenskapliga artiklar med empiriska studier på vuxna publicerade mellan åren 2000-2012. METOD: Databassökningar och manuella sökningar RESULTAT: 14 studier med sammanlagt 1771 deltagarevisar att smärtlindringsmetoderna med stöd av grindteorin hade avsedd effekt på smärta. De gav även patienterna lindring vad avser oro och rädsla. Några av studierna tar även upp att patienterna fick en känsla av att själv kunna påverka smärtan. Metoderna som användes var såväl hudstimulerande, som kognitiva. SLUTSATS: Smärtlindring baserad på grindteorin, såväl hudstimulering som kognitiva metoder, är något som sjuksköterskan bör ha kunskap om och använda för att lindra smärta och oro/rädsla. Metoderna är även ett sätt att låta patienten känna sig delaktig, då speciellt de kognitiva metoderna.PURPOSE: The aim is to illuminate the patients experience of non-pharmacological pain relief with support of the gate-control theory. DESIGN: Literature review/over-view BACKGROUND: Knowledge of how the patients experience non-pharmacological pain treatment based on the gate-control theory can make it easier for the individual nurse to make decisions on the use of these methods. SAMPLE: Scientific studies with empirical studies on adults, published in articles between 2000-2012 METHOD: Database- and manual searches FINDINGS: 14 studies with in total 1771 participants show that the pain relief methods with support of the gate-control theory had the intended effect on pain. They also gave the patients relief with regard to anxiety. Some of the studies also mention that the patients got a feeling of being able to affect the pain themselves. The methods used were skin-stimulating as well as cognitive. CONCLUSIONS: Pain relief based on the gate-control theory, skin-stimulating as well as cognitive methods, is something that the nurse should have knowledge about and use to relieve pain and anxiety. The methods are also a way of letting the patient feel involved, especially the cognitive methods.
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Kuylenstierna, Ann. "Ondskans ansikte : från brodermord och barnamord i medeltida konst till det onda skildrat av dagens konstnärer." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-203492.
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The study focuses the evil within human beings and evil actions against other humans and the human kind. The evil is defined as evil actions such as murder and actions in war. The questions asked is whether the evil has a face and if it is possible in that case to paint that kind of face. The medieval mural paintings in old churches include Cain murdering his brother Abel based on the Bible. The study also includes reliefs, sculptures in stone describing Cains´s murder of Abel and sculptures with the Massacre of the Innocents in Bethlehem according to the Bible. These pieces of medieval art are compared with the paintings of evil faces by some modern artists. The method used in the analysis is Panofsky´s iconological method. The result shows that the medieval art is formally more strictly structurer and that the modern artists have a more personal style. In addition to this fact is the different purpose of the different kinds of art. The medieval mural paintings are storytelling from the Bible and modern art is based on influences from other artists in art history and the artists´own ideas and thoughts in a more persoanl way of painting. The meaning in medieval art is more clear and obvious than that in the modern art. The conclusion reached at is that evil exists but that one cannont talk about a special face of the evil.
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Lundgren, Frans. "Den isolerade medborgaren : Liberalt styre och uppkomsten av det sociala vid 1800-talets mitt." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3455.
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The aim of the dissertation is to study the problem definitions and the governmental rationality of new activities aimed at reforming criminals, the poor and workers in Sweden during the mid-1800s. Three case studies analyse the solitary confinement penitentiary, the district visiting poor relief and the bildung-society for workers. A fourth case study analyses the introduction of crime statistics and prison photography. I argue that these different activities were part of the historical process that have been characterised as ”the birth of the social” and the new governmental rationality, ”liberal governmentality”. The initiators presupposed that civilisation had negative behavioural consequences among the lower classes. At the same time they expressed optimism regarding new fostering instances and how such could be integrated to a mutually supporting network. The aims of the new reformatory principles were regularly described as capacities for self-reflection, self-regulation and self-control among the lower classes. The dissertation shows that the new activities localised and defined a new set of problems and questions in terms of the social. ”Society” was what was to be protected as its ”inner” relationships were described as going through comprehensive historical changes. The ambition to lead, manage and organise the behaviours and values of the lower classes was even more far-reaching than was the desire to exert direct discipline. Order, well being and morals were integrated in a field of problems where effects on the lifestyles of the lower classes constituted the ultimate authoritative body.
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Lee, Shi Young. "Essays on the Latin American debt crisis." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32036102.html.
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Werner, Martin Maximo. "Dealing with a high public debt the Mexican experience /." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28085777.html.
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Bloodgood, Laura Susan. "The politics of sovereign debt rescheduling government versus commercial bank lending to developing countries /." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32357934.html.
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Chow, Edward Hsing-Yi. "The choice between bonds and loans for LDCs' foreign debt." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26240103.html.
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Alberts, Marius. "Business rescue in South Africa : a critical review of the regulatory environment." Diss., 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23946.
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Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
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ROOS, Jérôme E. "Why not default? : the structural power of finance in sovereign debt crises." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/41404.
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Defence date: 19 May 2016Examining Board: Professor Pepper D. Culpepper, European University Institute (supervisor); Professor László Bruszt, European University Institute; Professor Robert H. Wade, London School of Economics; Professor Daniel Mügge, University of Amsterdam.
This thesis aims to answer a simple question with far-reaching implications: why do heavily indebted peripheral states not default on their external debts more often? Building on case studies of substantively important sovereign debt crises in Mexico (1982-'89), Argentina (1999-'05) and Greece (2010-'15), the findings of this research demonstrate that the traditional explanations of debtor compliance proposed in the economics literature - centering on reputation, sanctions and democratic institutions - hold limited explanatory power. Instead, the thesis spells out a political economy approach to sovereign debt that recognizes the importance of social conflicts and power struggles over the distribution of adjustment costs. In these conflicts, it is argued that finance possesses a unique advantage over indebted states: through its capacity to withhold the short-term credit lines on which the latter depend for their reproduction, lenders can inflict debilitating spillover costs that greatly limit the debtor's room for maneuver. This structural power of finance has increased markedly as a result of globalization and financialization, and the main objective of this project is to identify the exact mechanisms through which it operates and the conditions under which it is effective and under which it breaks down. The findings highlight the importance of debt concentration in the lending structure (which eases the formation of creditors' cartels, strengthening market discipline); the exposure of big banks and institutional lenders in core countries (which compels creditor states and international financial institutions to intervene as lenders of last resort and provide emergency loans under strict policy conditionality); and the bridging role fulfilled by bankers and elites inside the borrowing country (which endows them with a privileged position in financial policymaking and internalizes fiscal discipline into the debtors' state apparatus). The thesis concludes by spelling out the implications of these findings for the quality of democracy and the study of political economy more generally.