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Staton, David. "A Beautiful Death: Visual Representation in Death With Dignity Storytelling." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20522.
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This dissertation takes as its central topic visual narratives in Death with Dignity Storytelling and posits the author’s ideas of a beautiful death and the heard gaze. Its methodology includes a textual analysis of such images, which in turn leads to a typology, and the use of a digital tool to “sum images” to test the veracity of the typology. What creates the impulse to look at images of pain, suffering the withering body, the compulsion to bear witness to misery? That question is in part answered by Sontag (2003) Regarding the Pain of Others—“we are spectators of calamities” (p. 18)—and is evident in the indefinite pronoun that hangs at the end of the slim volume’s title. Because it is in those others, that we see ourselves. A Beautiful Death: Visual Representation in Death With Dignity Storytelling considers two case studies as examination and proofs of its claims.
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Mauck, Erin E. "Oregon's Death with Dignity Act: Socially Constructing a Good Death." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3043.
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As aid-in-dying legislation expands across the United States, this study examines the dynamics influencing participation in Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act. In addition to data from secondary sources, this thesis analyzes field research data collected in Oregon, including 14 in-depth interviews with volunteers and employees of two advocacy organizations at the center of legalized physician-assisted death. Themes emerged including the conditions that motivate participation, the importance of both personal and professional autonomy, the significance of a good death, and the growth of open dialogues about end of life choices. This thesis concludes with a discussion of the impact Death with Dignity laws could have across the United States, with a specific focus on the state of Tennessee.
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Ekwomadu, Christian. "Dying with Dignity." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9201.
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The concept of dignity has beeen one of the ambiguous concepts in biomedical ethics. Thus the ambiguous nature of this concept has been extended to what it means to die with dignity. This research work is an investigation into the complexity in the understanding of "dying with dignity" in Applied Ethics.
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Biggs, Hazel. "Death with dignity : legal and ethical aspects of euthanasia." Thesis, University of Kent, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245597.
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Sandeen, Peggy Jo Ann. "Public Opinion and the Oregon Death with Dignity Act." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1015.
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Oregon voters legalized physician-assisted death in 1997 by passing the Oregon Death with Dignity Act. This law allowed terminally ill, mentally competent adult residents of the state to legally obtain a physician's prescription to hasten death under narrow sets of circumstances. The purpose of this study was twofold: to examine contemporary patterns of support for the law in Oregon and to explore how opinions have changed over time on the issue. This study examined patterns of public support among a random sample of registered Oregon voters for the state's death with dignity law, using a mixed mode (mail, online, and phone) cross-sectional survey (n = 442). The findings indicate a pattern of growing support with potential Oregon voters split 80%-20% on the issue, a substantial increase from the 60%-40% approval margin at the ballot box in 1997. Various demographic variables, as well as attitudinal factors, were explored in building a binary logistic regression model predicting probability of support. Frequency of church attendance, views about physician participation in the process, and opinions about Death with Dignity as an individual right were significant predictors of support. Frequent churchgoers, regardless of denomination or religious tradition, were nearly five times more likely to oppose Death with Dignity than support it, holding all other variables constant. While the findings indicate a pattern of growth in support over the past 15 years, they indicate also a stability of opinion, with few individuals indicating they had changed their opinions about the issue since the first time they encountered it.
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Holody, Kyle J. "Framing Death: The Use of Frames in Newspaper Coverage of and Press Releases about Death with Dignity." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33154.
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Since passing its Death with Dignity Act into law in 1997, Oregon remains the only state in America to make physician-assisted suicide an explicit legal right. Currently, the legality of physician-assisted suicide falls under the jurisdiction of each individual state. Had the United States Supreme Court ruled differently in a recent case, however, the issue would have transferred to federal jurisdiction.
The Death with Dignity National Center (DDNC) takes responsibility for developing the original Death with Dignity Act and has since moved on to proposing similar legislation in other states. It also champions statesâ rights, fearing that placing physician-assisted suicide under federal jurisdiction would severely hinder its goals. The DDNC has led the legal movement for making physician-assisted suicide an end of life choice available in each state, as well as for keeping that decision at the state level.
Utilizing a content analysis, this study coded for frames used by the DDNC in its press releases and frames used in newspaper coverage of death with dignity across the same period of time. It was found that press releases about and newspaper coverage of the death with dignity social movement shared significant correlations in terms of the frames each used, as well as the level of substance given to these frames. Few significant correlations were found, however, for frame valence. It seems as though discussion of this social movement utilizes the same substantive or ambiguous frames, but cannot decide whether these frames are positive, neutral, or negative.Master of Arts
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Wainaina, Alexander Mark. "The Dignity of the Human Person in the Face of Competing Interests: Prudent Use of Resources in the End-of-Life Care." Thesis, Boston College, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107481.
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Thesis advisor: Andrea ViciniThesis advisor: James Keenan
In this thesis, I am going to explore some of the significant legal and medical activities that have had a great influence on the healthcare delivery in the United States of America, focusing on the care of people that are severely sick or those whose death is imminent. Then I will discuss how the application of virtues, particularly the cardinal virtues, can inspire people not to neglect the needs of patients whenever some helpful procedures could be done, and also to enable people to desist from engaging in medical procedures that could be deemed futile. Patients and their caregivers can all benefit from cultivating virtue and hence create a way of life that respects the human dignity of patients and also uses the available resources prudently for the sake of the common good. Ultimately, I hope to suggest some theologically sound proposals that are helpful to a patient, the patient’s family and the rest of the country’s health system, with a particular focus on an ethical way of delivering healthcare services. I will show how the developments in the Western world can be applied to develop some protocols of healthcare delivery that could be helpful to Kenya. It is my belief that the universal applicability of virtues can ensure that healthcare activities uphold the human dignity of patients, provide respect for healthcare work, and also use a country’s limited resources prudently
Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2016
Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry
Discipline: Sacred Theology
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Mauck, Erin E. "Oregon's Death with Dignity Act: An Evidenced-Based Approach to Improving End-of-Life Healthcare in Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/26.
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Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act: An Evidenced-Based Approach to Improving End-of-Life Healthcare in Tennessee
Erin E. Mauck, MA
Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health
East Tennessee State University
Johnson City, TN
The legalization of physician-assisted death has been shown to improve the quality of end-of-life healthcare in the states that have passed Death with Dignity or End-of-Life Care Acts. The state of Oregon passed its Death with Dignity Act in 1994, and it is a model that has been replicated in Washington, Vermont, California, Colorado, and Washington D.C. In a national ranking of states in the areas of long-term services and supports for end-of-life care, five of the top nine were states with either a Death with Dignity or End-of-Life Care Act. This is not merely a coincidence. This data is a clear reflection that having legislation which clarifies the rights of a dying individual, impacts end-of-life healthcare in a positive way. Tennessee is currently ranked 47th nationally based on the following criteria: affordability and access, choice of settings and provider, quality of life and quality of care, support for family caregivers, and effective transitions. There are three major determinants that impact Tennessee’s poorly rated end-of-life health care. The first determinant is the limited use of advanced directives, living wills and patient-physician discussions about death, dying, and end-of-life healthcare choices. The second determinant is lack of coverage for the uninsured and less affluent. End-of-life healthcare is not strictly for individuals over the age of 65, terminal illness can impact the life of someone, regardless of age, income, or health insurance status. The third major determinant that is negatively impacting Tennessee’s end-of-life health care, is the lack of a Death with Dignity or End-of-Life Care Act. Data has been collected over the past 36 months, including data from secondary sources and field research data collected in Oregon, including 14 in-depth interviews with volunteers, employees, and the directors of two advocacy organizations at the center of Oregon’s Death with Dignity Act. The analysis of this data shows that states which have enacted Death with Dignity Acts, have better end-of-life care than states that have not. This includes the use of hospice and palliative care at the end of life, and the percentage of people who die at home. When a law that legalizes physician-assisted death is being considered, everyone, including citizens of the state, state policy makers, and healthcare professionals take notice. This encourages the public education of end-of-life healthcare options, as well as promotes further education in end-of-life care for all health professionals. In Tennessee, efficient and regulated end-of-life care is becoming more essential as the population increases, and life expectancy is extended.
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DiFilippo, Stephanie Marie. "Assisted Suicide; The Moral Permissiblity of Hastening Death." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu157415968616075.
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Averous, Véronique. "Essai d’Hontologie palliative : éthique, ontologie et politique de la honte en soins palliatifs." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC2201/document.
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Les soins palliatifs semblent en crise entre care et cure. Si leur émergence est apparue comme une nécessité devant le scandale humain que constituait l’abandon du malade en fin de vie, considéré au même titre que la mort comme honteux dans les années 1970, leur philosophie n’a pas pu toujours s’imposer comme suffisante. La discipline, dont la bénévolence et l’utilité ne sont plus à démontrer, se heurte à des freins psycho-sociaux internes et externes du fait de leur objet même : le mourant. Leur parfois « trop grande assurance » dans leur bien-fondé ne pourrait-elle pas relever d’une honte déniée se renversant dans son contraire ? Et la difficulté à se faire reconnaître comme médecine digne ne pourrait-elle pas se fonder sur un conflit épistémologique entre science médicale qui ne connaît pas la honte et sciences humaines qui peuvent l’analyser. Sachant que cette difficulté pour les soins palliatifs à se faire reconnaître semblerait également s’exacerber du fait d’un contexte social où la performance et la rentabilité constituent les fondements de l’organisation sociale. Il y a en effet dans notre société néolibérale une grande difficulté à apprécier dignes inconditionnellement le corps abîmé, la dépendance, la souffrance et l’agonie devenue savoir médical. La honte désigne plus souvent dans le langage courant le scandale et l’opprobre alors qu’elle entretient un lien avec la dignité, la pudeur et la culpabilité. Si elle est classiquement entendue comme un affect négatif duquel il serait légitime de se libérer, ce n’est plus possible dans la confrontation à la fin de vie. La honte est un phénomène bien présent dans la clinique palliative et pourtant elle ne peut se dire, se nommer et encore moins s’accepter. Traversant toutes les couches de l’étant humain (autrement dit du Dasein en terme heideggérien) des plus superficielles aux plus profondes jusqu’à atteindre l’inassumable de l’être dévoilé dans sa nudité première, ne serait-elle pas motrice des deux polarités du monde ? Elle se love dans le pire de la dégradation pour peut-être permettre une ouverture à une possible expérience ontologique thérapeutique. La reconnaissance d’une honte ontologique au même titre qu’une dignité ontologique permettrait de désigner une dignité hontologique, terme oxymorique faisant sens pour un accompagnement authentiquement fraternel. Une dignité hontologique permettrait-elle à notre société de mieux élaborer le clivage toujours persistant entre un accompagnement solidaire et une mort donnée et peut-être érigerait-elle mieux les soins palliatifs comme discipline digne travaillant de concert avec la techno-sciencePalliative care is in crisis between care and cure. If their emergence appeared as a necessity in the face of the human scandal of abandoning the patient at the end of their life, considered in the same way as death as shameful in the 1970s, their philosophy could not always be sufficient. The discipline, whose volunteerism and usefulness are well established, faces internal and external psycho-social brakes because of their very purpose: the dying person. Could not their sometimes "too great assurance" in their merit, be a denied shame, which reverses in to its opposite? And the difficulty of being recognized as a worthy medicine could not be based on an epistemological conflict between medical science that does not know shame and human sciences that can analyze it. Knowing that this difficulty for palliative care to be recognized would also seem to be exacerbated by a social context where performance and profitability are the foundations of social organization. There is indeed in our neoliberal society a great difficulty to appreciate unconditionally the worth of the damaged body, of dependence, suffering and agony in becoming medical knowledge. Shame more often denotes scandal and opprobrium in every language when it is linked to dignity, modesty and guilt. If it is classically understood as a negative affect from which it will be legitimate to free oneself, it is no longer possible in the confrontation at the end of life. Shame is a phenomenon that is very present in the palliative clinic and yet it cannot be said, to name oneself and even less to accept oneself. Crossing all the layers of the human being (in other words, Dasein in Heideggerian terms), from the most superficial to the deepest, until reaching the unbearable being unveiled in its primary nudity, would it not be the driving force of both polarities of the world ? It is the worst degradation which perhaps allowsan opening to a possible therapeutic ontological experience. The recognition of an ontological shame in the same way as an ontological dignity would make it possible to designate a hontological dignity, an oxymoronic term that makes sense for an authentically fraternal accompaniment. Would a moral dignity allow our society to better elaborate the ever-lasting division between supportive care and a given death, and perhaps make palliative care a worthy discipline working in tandem with techno-sciences
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Bando, Catherine. "Assisted Death: Historical, Moral and Theological Perspectives of End of Life Options." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2018. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/513.
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The paper explores historical positions on suicide and philosophical, theological, and moral positions on physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. In 1900, most people died from infectious diseases, which have relatively short periods of morbid decline. With advances in the biomedical sciences, people are living longer, and most people die from chronic diseases, which are usually accompanied by prolonged periods of morbid decline. In addition to living longer, people today are generally more individualist and seek methods to control many aspects of life. While assisted death is rarely used, it represents a means to control end-of-life suffering. The paper demonstrates that there is substantial opposition to assisted death among philosophers, theologians and bioethicists. The paper also argues that improved education about end-of-life palliative alternatives would alleviate fears about end-of-life suffering. The thesis is that the use of palliative alternatives is morally and ethically superior to physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia.
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Dreher, Sofia Cristina. "Sobre a dignidade humana no processo do morrer." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2008. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2040.
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No presente trabalho são abordados temas que contribuem para a construção da reflexão sobre a dignidade humana no processo do morrer. O tema é abordado numa perspectiva filosófica, a partir das contribuições de Karl Jaspers e Hans Jonas. As perspectivas da bioética sobre o tema da morte trazem contribuição de autores da área. Num primeiro momento, verifica-se o contexto atual da abordagem da morte, bem como a importância do uso da arte para seu estudo, proporcionando a abertura de um canal de reflexão e de transformação de valores. Num segundo momento, são apresentadas as contribuições filosóficas de Karl Jaspers sobre o tema, a partir da reflexão sobre as situações-limite, vida autêntica, clarificação da existência e responsabilidade. O último tema abordado, a saber, a responsabilidade, é analisado a partir das reflexões filosóficas de Hans Jonas. Posteriormente, é apresentado um breve histórico sobre a construção do conceito de dignidade humana a partir de perspectivas distintas e complementares da discuss
This research intends to contribute to the reflection about the human dignity in the process of dying. The subject is approached in a philosophical perspective, using the contributions of Karl Jaspers and Hans Jonas. The perspectives of the bio-ethics about the subject of death come from authors of this area. In the first place, it examines the present context of the approach of death, and the importance of the use of Art for the study, leading to the opening of a channel for reflection and the transformation of values. Secondly, the philosophical contributions of Karl Jaspers about the subject, such like the reflection about limit-situations, authentic life, clarifying of the existence and responsibility. This latter subject, responsibility, has been analyzed since the philosophical reflection of Hans Jonas. It also presents a short description of how the conception of human dignity was developed from different and complementary perspectives of the actual discussion. It analyzes the concept according to the
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Aguilera, Portales Rafael, and Cruz Joaquín González. "Derechos humanos y la dignidad humana como presupuesto de la eutanasia." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116118.
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Human rights and human dignity as assumption of euthanasiaThis article has a philosophical approach to provide us interesting thoughts in order to understand the euthanasia. To that end, initially it analyzes death connotations in the society in which we live followed by a broad reflection around death’s problem and human dignity in the capitalist society. Next, a rigorous analysis on human’s dignity idea in order to link its content with euthanasia reflection as well as with the end of life care is presented; reaching to critical conclusions of existing medical and legal regulations. Finally, some allegations and suggestions of analyzed issues are submitted.El artículo parte de un enfoque filosófico para brindarnos interesantes reflexiones para la compresión de la eutanasia. Para ello, inicialmente analiza las connotaciones que tiene la muerte dentro de la sociedad en la que vivimos para luego presentar una reflexión amplia alrededor del problema de la muerte y la dignidad humana en la sociedad capitalista. Seguidamente, se analiza rigurosamente el concepto de dignidad humana con la finalidad de relacionar su contenido con la reflexión sobre la eutanasia y con el cuidado de la muerte, arribando a conclusiones críticas de las regulaciones médicas y legales existentes. Finalmente, se presentan algunas reflexiones y sugerencias sobre los temas analizados
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OLIVEIRA, Diego Ferreira de. "A MORTE COM DIGNIDADE E A AUTONOMIA DO INDIVÍDUO: uma discussão sobre a necessidade de regulamentação da ortotanásia no Brasil." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2016. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1333.
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The research analyzes the subject of death with dignity and individual autonomy from the (non) performance of the Brazilian state in regulating and promoting the practice of orthothanasia. The delimitation of the problem of the present study considers that the autonomy of the individual is a constitutional principle imbricated with the principle of freedom and the principle of human dignity. Thus, the problem faced in the research is the treatment of this issue by the State when facing issues relating to regulation of orthothanasia, which is meant to adapt to the idea of death with dignity. The analysis discusses the dignified death and the right choices at the end of life, especially when the person is terminally ill or irreversible situation of great suffering. To this end, four specific objectives were established, each corresponding to a chapter of the research: a) to analyze the concept of autonomy of the individual facing death from theoretical frameworks of John Rawls, Ronald Dworkin and its correlation with the dignity of the person human in the event death round about; b) analyze the concepts of euthanasia, orthotanasia futility, mistanásia, palliative care, among others, as well as the legal subject of death with dignity in Brazil and Comparative Law; and c) evaluate the need for regulation and the implementation of orthothanasia and palliative care and responsibility of the Brazilian state to meet these desiderata. We conclude that there is an urgent need for objective and firm action by the Legislature and Executive, for the purpose of regulating and implementing the assured practice of orthothanasia and palliative care in health facilities in Brazil.
A pesquisa busca analisar o tema da morte com dignidade e da autonomia do indivíduo a partir da (não) atuação do Estado brasileiro na regulamentação e promoção da prática da ortotanásia. A delimitação do problema do presente estudo considera que a autonomia do indivíduo é um princípio constitucional imbricado com o princípio da liberdade e o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana. Assim, o problema enfrentado na pesquisa é o tratamento dado a esta questão, pelo Estado, quando enfrenta questões atinentes à regulamentação da ortotanásia, a qual se entende adequar-se à ideia de morte com dignidade. A análise discute a morte digna e o direito a escolhas no final da vida, sobretudo quando a pessoa esteja em estágio terminal ou em situação irreversível de grande sofrimento. Para tanto, foram estabelecidos quatro objetivos específicos, cada um correspondente a um capítulo da pesquisa: a) analisar a concepção de autonomia do indivíduo frente à morte a partir dos referenciais teóricos de John Rawls, de Ronald Dworkin e sua correlação com a dignidade da pessoa humana em derredor do evento morte; b) analisar os conceitos de eutanásia, ortotanásia, distanásia, mistanásia, cuidados paliativos, dentre outros, bem como a disciplina jurídica da morte com dignidade no Brasil e no Direito Comparado; e, c) analisar a necessidade de regulamentação e de concretização da ortotanásia e dos cuidados paliativos e a responsabilidade do Estado brasileiro no cumprimento de tais desideratos. Conclui-se que há a urgente necessidade de atuação objetiva e firme pelo Poder Legislativo e Executivo, para fins de regulamentar e implementar as práticas concretizadoras da ortotanásia e dos cuidados paliativos nas unidades de saúde do Brasil
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Nobrega, Filho Francisco Seraphico Ferraz da. "Eutanásia e dignidade da pessoa humana:uma abordagem jurídico-penal." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4437.
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Previous issue date: 2010-09-24Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The permanent advance of medicine has constantly expanded the discussion on the transition which separates life and death. The possibility to influence the death process by artificial ways and to elect his moment and shape conduct to the euthanasia theme, an expression of complex meaning, generating a series of occurrences that require explanation. The issue reveals the confluence of several subjects, including the repercussion in the Law fields, causing rare situations until now. This present study aims to approach the euthanasia theme under the legalcriminal optics. For this, will be initially considered the questions related to life and death and the conceptual changes occurred in the last decades, passing to the contextualization of different ways of euthanasia used by scholars and their application from the optics of comparative law. Continuous act, will be performed an analysis of the bioethical principles (justice, charity, nonmaleficence and autonomy) and the balance between the right to a dignified death, derived from human dignity, and the right to life, both with constitutional base. The research is finalized with a study legal-criminal, under the spectrum of Federal Constitution and the Penal Code, from the various euthanistic modalities.
O permanente avanço da medicina tem ampliado constantemente a discussão sobre a transição que divide a vida e a morte. A possibilidade de influência no processo da morte por meios artificiais e de eleger o seu momento e forma conduzem ao tema da eutanásia, expressão de significado complexo, gerando uma série de ocorrências que demandam explicação. A problemática revela a confluência de várias disciplinas, inclusive com repercussão na seara do direito, ocasionando situações até então infrequentes. O presente estudo objetiva, dessarte, abordar o tema da eutanásia sob a ótica jurídico-penal. Para tanto, serão inicialmente apreciadas questões relativas à vida e morte e as alterações conceituais sofridas nas últimas décadas, passando, em seguida, à contextualização das diferentes formas de eutanásia utilizadas pelos doutrinadores e sua aplicação sob a ótica do direito comparado. Ato contínuo, será efetivada uma análise dos princípios bioéticos (justiça, beneficência, não maleficência e autonomia) e da ponderação entre o direito à morte digna, derivado da dignidade da pessoa humana, e o direito à vida, ambos com sede constitucional. A pesquisa é finalizada com o estudo jurídico-penal, sob o espectro da Constituição Federal e do Código Penal, das diversas modalidades eutanásicas.
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Rodrigues, Inês Gimenes. ""Cuidados paliativos: análise de conceito"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-17082004-101459/.
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o conceito de cuidados paliativos expresso na literatura das áreas de Enfermagem, Medicina, Psicologia e Bioética. A busca das publicações foi feita por acesso a base de dados LILACS, BDENF, AdSaude, todos pertencentes aos sites da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde do Centro de Documentação Latino Americano e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (BIREME); no Banco de Dados Bibliográficos da USP DEDALUS e no Portal da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPES; busca manual em tese, livros e artigos publicados sobre o assunto, no período de 1991 a 2002. Utilizou-se a análise de conceito na perspectiva evolucionária de Rodgers (2000), destacando os atributos essenciais, eventos antecedentes, eventos conseqüentes, termos substitutos e a apresentação de um caso modelo, elementos que constituem o cerne do conceito a ser analisado. Como resultados obteve-se que: os cuidados paliativos são expressos pelas características de assistência integral do ser humano; controle da dor crônica oncológica; equipe interdisciplinar; morte como processo natural: preparo do paciente para a morte; autonomia e ortotanásia; alívio do sofrimento; cenários de atendimento: hospital e domicílio; comunicação franca e honesta, e visa o cuidado e não a cura. Dentre os eventos antecedentes foram descritos: o paciente terminal; o sofrimento psicológico, espiritual, social e físico; o câncer e outras doenças crônicas; despreparo profissional e barreira cultural. Os eventos conseqüentes foram relacionados a: qualidade de vida; morte digna; formação profissional e criação de serviços e núcleos em cuidados paliativos. Identificou-se como termos substitutos o hospice e a medicina paliativa. Concluiu-se que o conceito de cuidados paliativos é uma construção complexa de elementos, dentre os quais destaca-se a assistência integral do ser humano fora de possibilidade de cura (unidade de cuidado pacientefamília); cujo paradigma é o cuidado e não a cura; que prioriza o alívio da dor crônica, controlada por equipe interdisciplinar capacitada, que preserva a autonomia do paciente e proporciona a ortotanásia, aliviando o sofrimento da unidade de cuidado, seja no domicílio ou hospital, por meio de uma comunicação franca e honesta entre paciente, família e equipe; no preparo do paciente e familiar para a morte digna, tendo-a como um processo natural, visando enfim, a qualidade de vida.The aim of this study was to analyze the concept of palliative care on Nursing, Medicine, Psychology and Bioethics literature. The search for publications was done based on LILACS, BDENF and Adsaude data bases concerning the sites of the Health Virtual Library Documentation in Health Sciences of Latin America and Caribbean (BIREME); on DEDALUS the University of São Paulo Bibliographic Data Base, and on CAPES Superior Level Personnel Improvement Coordination Portal; on thesis, books and non-published articles about the theme from 1991 to 2002. The concept analysis was based on Rodgers (2000) evolutionary perspective, pointing out the basic attributes, previous events, consequential events, substitute terms and the presentation of a model case, which compose the core of the concept to be analyzed. As a result it was found out that the palliative care are expressed by characteristics such as the holistic care of human being; chronic pain control in oncology; interdisciplinary team; death as a natural process; patient and family preparation for death; suffering relief; autonomy and ortotanasia; care settings; hospital and home; honest and sincere communication; with the aim of caring and not cure. Among the previous events it was pointed out: terminal patient; the psychological, spiritual, social and physical suffering; cancer and other chronic diseases; unprepared professional and cultural barriers. The consequential events were related to life quality; peaceful death; professional education and the creation of palliative care services. Hospice and palliative medicine were identified as substitute terms for palliative care. Is was highlighted the holistic care for human being with no cure possibility (patient-family care unity); the paradigm is caring and not cure; the priority is chronic pain relief which is controlled by interdisciplinary trained team; patient autonomy is preserved, providing ortothanasia and relieving the care unity suffering either at home of in hospital by means of honest and sincere communication among patient, family and team; patient and family are prepared for a peaceful death, considering this a natural process and taking into account the quality of life.
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Viana, Alice Pompeu. "Terminalidade da vida e dignidade humana." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4730.
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Vida e morte são dois componentes de uma mesma fórmula. Contudo, jurídica e paradoxalmente, somente a vida é protegida. As preocupações sociais, filosóficas e jurídicas, quando da proteção do direito à vida - em especial, a fim de estabelecer o que vem a ser uma vida digna, de acordo com os moldes preconizados pelas normas programáticas que constam na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil - não refletem as mesmas preocupações, no que concerne ao direito de morrer dignamente. Os seres humanos são os únicos viventes que conseguem compreender e questionar a sua existência. Todavia, essa categoria diferenciada de seres, mesmo diante de tal condição, ainda não consegue assimilar e aceitar serenamente a única das certezas da vida: a morte. Ademais, é preciso depreender que vida e morte são dois processos que se complementam, pois sem a noção de um, não existiria a noção de outro. A vida representa uma prerrogativa protegida legalmente, pois, se de outro modo não fosse, não faria qualquer sentido a garantia de quaisquer direitos. A proteção do direito à vida abarca várias acepções, destacando-se, no presente trabalho, a necessidade de preservação da dignidade humana em seu decorrer, como princípio esculpido na Constituição Federal Brasileira, que o posiciona como um dos fundamentos da República Federativa do Brasil, em seu artigo primeiro. Entretanto, não se observa, em quaisquer dos princípios elencados, a garantia de direito à morte digna. Se vida e morte compõem a mesma fórmula, questiona-se: porque o ordenamento jurídico assegura o direito à vida digna, mas não o faz com relação à morte? Dessa feita, a presente dissertação objetiva discorrer sobre o direito à morte digna, buscando evidenciar que, como decorrência natural da vida, deve ser um processo conglobado também pela dignidade. O estudo objetiva tratar acerca da terminalidade da vida, especialmente para demonstrar que o pensamento jurídico brasileiro deve evoluir para a construção de uma legislação que possibilite a abreviação da vida do paciente que se encontra incuravelmente doente - como já o fizeram outros países, como a Bélgica e a Holanda. Ressalte-se que o estudo se desenvolve de forma transdisciplinar, procurando mostrar a importância social, jurídica, ética, moral, filosófica e religiosa do presente tema. Visa ainda correlacionar o tema às disposições penais e civis que criminalizam as práticas de abreviação da vida e sujeitam os médicos a sanções criminais e civis decorrentes de tais atos. Embora se proceda a análise de legislações estrangeiras acerca do tema, importa salientar que a pesquisa se desenvolve principalmente sob a perspectiva do Direito brasileiro.
Life and death are two components of a same formula. However, juridically and paradoxically only life is protected. Social, philosophical and juridical preoccupations do not reflect the same preoccupation about the right to die with dignity, when it comes to protect the right to life, specially about stablishing what would be a dignified life, in the molds exposed by the programmatic rules in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil. Human beings are the only living beings that can comprehend and question their existence. However, this distinct category of beings, even with this condition, still can not comprehend and accept in a calm way the only certainty of life: death. Moreover, it is necessary to understand that life and death are two complementary processes, because without the notion of life we would not have the notion of death. Life is a legally protected right, for if it was not, it would not make any sense the guarantee of any rights. The assurance of the right to life involves many interpretations, and in the present work we emphasize the need of preserving human dignity through life. Human dignity is a present principle in the Brazilian Federaral Constitution, that puts it as one of the fundaments of the Federative Republic of Brazil in its first article. Nevertheless, it is not observed in any of the listed rights/principles the guarantee of a dignified death. If life and death are components of a same formula, we question why the legal system guarantees the right to life, but does not do it in relation to death. Therefore, the present thesis aims to discuss about the right to a dignified death, attempting to demonstrate that death, as a natural result of life, must also be a process embraced by dignity. The study aims to discuss the terminally of life, specially to demonstrate that brazilian legal thought must evolve to raise a legislation that enables the abbreviation of a patient’s life who is incurably ill, as other countries already did, such as Belgium and Holland. We enhance that this research will be developed in a transdisciplinary way, searching to emphasize the social, juridical, ethical, moral, philosophical and religious importance of the present theme. Moreover, this research will also seek to correlate the theme to civil and penal provisions that criminalizes the practices of abbreviation of life and subject physicians to criminal and civil sanctions arising from such acts. Although we analyse foreign laws about the theme, it is importante to enhance that the research will be mainly developed under the brazilian laws perspective.
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Benestad, Janet. "Physician Assisted Suicide in Massachusetts: Vote "No" on 2012 Ballot Question 2." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109067.
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Thesis advisor: Marc LandyThe “Death with Dignity Act,” if passed in November 2012 in Massachusetts by means of a ballot initiative, would have allowed doctors to prescribe lethal drugs to patients with fewer than six months to live. Introduced by two pro-assisted suicide organizations from the Pacific Northwest, the initiative was expected to take advantage of a political “perfect storm” brewing in the Bay State. A blue state in a presidential election year, with President Obama at the top of the Democratic ticket, Massachusetts was expected to produce an electoral outcome favorable to assisted suicide. Oregon and Washington State had legalized physician-assisted suicide in 1998 and 2008, respectively. Polling in 2011 showed a 2-1 majority among Massachusetts voters in favor of assisted suicide. Nonetheless, the Archbishop of Boston and the Bishops of Worcester, Fall River and Springfield, organized as the Massachusetts Catholic Conference, took up the challenge to oppose the initiative. Relying on the expertise of paid political consultants, they mounted a two-tiered campaign. An internal component, directed at Catholics, included the dissemination of over 2 million pieces of in-print and electronic materials urging a “no” vote on the measure. An external component, directed at the wider public, relied on a coalition of organizations representing the three major religions, health and hospice organizations, disabilities rights activists, and pharmacists. Using “flaws” in the bill identified through strategic polling, they appealed to voters even sympathetic to assisted suicide to reject the bill. When the votes were counted 2.7 million Massachusetts citizens voted on the physician-assisted suicide initiative and it was defeated by 67,891 votes, 51.1% to 48.9%. One key to the defeat was the split in the vote in the city of Boston, where Question 2 was defeated 50.9% to 49.1% . Twelve of Boston’s 22 wards voted against the measure. Leading the way among the twelve were Dorchester, Roxbury, and Hyde Park, traditionally black, liberal Democratic strongholds. This study shows that even the most effective, well-funded, Church-initiated campaign in Massachusetts in 2012 might well have foundered on the 2-1 majority in favor of assisted suicide at the polls, not for the strategic identification of “flaws in the bill,” the broad-based coalition campaign based on them, and the “split in the vote in the black community in Boston.”
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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Stenberg, Anna, and Elisabeth Sundström. "Vad patienten vill och vad patienten får : En litteraturöversikt om dödshjälp." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-6523.
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Background: In 1997 it became legal for patients with a terminal illness to receive assistance to end their lives in Oregon, USA. The same legislative change came into force in the Netherlands in 2002. These changes have not occurred in Sweden, however a debate is ongoing in terms of the option to legalise active and physician assisted suicide and the ethical and moral aspects of this issue. Aim: The aim is to identify factors leading to patients with a diagnosis of cancer or ALS requesting assistance to end their lives. Method: A literature review and analysis was carried out, in combination with an overview of 11 ethically audited scientific articles. Results: The conclusion was divided into four main themes; depression and burden without a sub theme, pain with sub themes suffering and fatigue, existential values with sub theme hope and hopelessness and finally quality of life with the sub theme strength. Discussion: There is an evident interest in the discussion about legalising assisted suicide in Sweden, amongst patients as well as medical professionals. The patient's desire may be overridden as the subject is tabooed, thereby reducing patient autonomy and the patient´s right to self-determination. Patients' attitude towards death assistance has been discussed on the basis of theories of Helga Kuhse, Katie Eriksson and ICN's ethical code.Bakgrund: År 1997 blev det lagligt för en patient med obotlig sjukdom att få hjälp att avsluta sitt liv i delstaten Oregon i USA. I Nederländerna blev detta ett lagligt alternativ 2002. I Sverige är detta inte lagligt men det pågår en debatt om legaliseringen av aktiv och läkarassisterad dödshjälp ur ett etiskt och moraliskt perspektiv. Syfte: Syftet är att identifiera faktorer till varför patienter med cancer eller ALS ber om dödshjälp. Metod: En litteraturöversikt gjordes med en analys och en sammanställning av 11 etiskt granskade vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet delades in i fyra huvudteman där tre teman hade underteman. Det första huvudtemat depression och börda hade inget undertema. Det andra huvudtemat smärta har följande underteman: lidande och fatigue. Det tredje huvudtemat existentiella värderingar har undertemat: hopp och hopplöshet och slutligen det fjärde huvudtemat livskvalitet har styrka som undertema. Diskussion: Ett intresse angående en legalisering av dödshjälp finns i Sverige hos både patienter och vårdpersonal. Patientens önskan kan bli åsidosatt då ämnet är tabubelagt och genom detta kan patientens autonomi och rätten till hens självbestämmande sänkas. Patienternas inställning till dödshjälp har diskuterats utifrån teorier av Helga Kuhse, Katie Eriksson och ICN´s etiska kod.
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Rocha, Francisco Ilídio Ferreira. "Do valor da vida humana e da vida humana sem valor." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6357.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-04This thesis has the purpose of analyzing the current state of the constitutional protection of human life and, from this, specifies the axiological dimension of the vital existence of the human being. In this sense, it pursues the goal to establish, legally, what is life as a constitutional and legal interest worthy of protection, stating its definition and separating it by differentiation of those so called life related rights. These conceptual foundations are indispensable to the attainment of what is intended as a legal-axiological study of human life, which allows to recognize that, despite the imperatives derived from the principle of human dignity, the legal protection of human life realizes in different degrees of intensity and from arbitrary criteria in a way that allows the deduction that human life is considered more or less valuable in certain circumstances and, in some cases, one can even say that the biological life of the human being does not have any value at all. Identification of thecritical circumstances implying varying degrees of protection of life, as well as those authorizing the abandonment and denial of its value, constitutes the core of this thesis
A presente tese tem como objeto a análise do atual estado da tutela constitucional da vida humana e, a partir dessa premissa, precisar a dimensão axiológica da existência vital do ser humano. Nesse sentido, persegue-se a pretensão de determinar, juridicamente, o que é a vida como um bem jurídico constitucional e penalmente protegido, precisando sua definição e apartando-o, adequadamente, daqueles assim designadosdireitos concernentes à vida. Tais bases conceituais são indispensáveis para a realização do escopo desta tese, a saber, um estudo jurídicoaxiológico da vida humana, no qual se reconhece que, a despeito dos imperativos derivados do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, a proteção jurídica da existência vital do ser humano realiza-se em diferentes graus de intensidade e a partir de critérios arbitrários que permitem deduzir que a vida humana é considerada mais ou menos valiosa em determinadas circunstâncias, e que, noutros casos, podese mesmo dizer que a vida biológica do ser humano não possui valor qualquer. A identificação de circunstâncias críticas que implicam em graus variáveis de proteção da vida, bem como aquelas que autorizam o abandono e a negação de seu valor, constitui-se no cerne desta tese
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Iverson, P. Dianne. "Spiritual care of the dying : a community nursing perspective." Thesis, View thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/648.
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The spiritual care provided by nurses is not obvious. The literature on spiritual care within the context of palliative care nursing is sparse and contradictory. None of the research is from the Canadian perspective. Thus, this project examined the meanings made by palliative care nurses as they provided spiritual care to people who were dying at home. This qualitative study utilized the methodology of the naturalistic inquiry. From a population of 47 Canadian palliative care nurses who provided home nursing in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, six nurses participated in semi-structured conversations about their experience of providing spiritual care within the context of palliative care. Three major themes emerged : the nurses' focus of spiritual care on the time surrounding the dying and the death; the nurses' beliefs about spirituality, religion, and their own work; and the nurses' evaluation of their caregiving as evidenced by the 'Good Death'. The nature of the nurses' spiritual care was of guiding, doing the unusual, relating to distress as well as relating to the one cared-for with love and friendship. The nature of the spiritual care is discussed from the perspective of caring as moral grounding and cultural imperative. Consideration is given to empowering nurses through liberating the ethic of care. What the nurses know about spiritual caregiving is looked at through the framework of the art of nursing, the nurses' beliefs about spirituality, and the hidden work of nursing. As well, the nurses' evaluation of their spiritual caregiving resulting in 'good death' and 'death with dignity' is explored. Noting incongruence between the nurses' personal beliefs and religiosity and what they want for their patients, the author offers the possibility that caregiving itself has become the religious expression of the nurses. Implications for nursing encompass the education of nurses, the practice of nursing, as well as the inclusion of nursing knowledge at the policy and budgetary levels. Nursing education must change, from talking about wholistic care, to teaching how to care for the whole person by including care of the spirit in the curriculum. Nurses who have knowledge and experience in caring for spiritual distress need to share their knowledge and start the process of mentoring other nurses into the practice of truly wholistic care. As well, nurses must become advocates and educators at the institutional and governing levels in order that human needs, including spiritual needs, are included in the decision making about health care policy and budgets
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Neil, Marjorie H. "Mapping the ethical journey of experienced nurses now practising in rural and remote hospitals in central and south-west Queensland and in domiciliary services in Brisbane : a grounded theory approach." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/41844/1/Marjorie_Neil_Thesis-.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis has been to map the ethical journey of experienced nurses now practising in rural and remote hospitals in central and south-west Queensland and in domiciliary services in Brisbane. One group of the experienced nurses in the study were Directors of Nursing in rural and remote hospitals. These nurses were “hands on”, “multi-skilled “ nurses who also had the task of managing the hospital. Also there were two Directors of Nursing from domiciliary services in Brisbane.
A grounded theory method was used. The nurses were interviewed and the data retrieved from the interviews was coded, categorised and from these categories a conceptual framework was generated. The literature which dealt with the subject of ethical decision making and nurses also became part of the data. The study revealed that all these nurses experienced moral distress as they made ethical decisions.
The decision making categories revealed in the data were: the area of financial management; issues as end of life approaches; allowing to die with dignity; emergency decisions; experience of unexpected death; the dilemma of providing care in very difficult circumstances. These categories were divided into two chapters: the category related to administrative and financial constraints and categories dealing with ethical issues in clinical settings. A further chapter discussed the overarching category of coping with moral distress. These experienced nurses suffered moral distress as they made ethical decisions, confirming many instances of moral distress in ethical decision making documented in the literature to date.
Significantly, the nurses in their interviews never mentioned the ethical principles used in bioethics as an influence in their decision making. Only one referred to lectures on ethics as being an influence in her thinking. As they described their ethical problems and how they worked through them, they drew on their own previous experience rather than any knowledge of ethics gained from nursing education. They were concerned for their patients, they spoke from a caring responsibility towards their patients, but they were also concerned for justice for their patients.
This study demonstrates that these nurses operated from the ethic of care, tempered with the ethic of responsibility as well as a concern for justice for their patients. Reflection on professional experience, rather than formal ethics education and training, was the primary influence on their ethical decision making.
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Mesmin, d'Estienne Jeanne. "Le droit public et la mort." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020039.
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L'intérêt d'une étude sur la mort découle des contradictions qui l'affectent car seuls les vivants pouvant être créateurs de normes et titulaires de droit, la mort en droit public est par définition un droit des vivants. La mort, prise en considération par le droit public, est un prisme sous lequel se dévoile la construction de l'Etat tout en révélant les lacunes et les fragilités du droit face au mystère de la condition humaine. Oscillant entre une conception de la mort perçue comme un néant et des projections individuelles et collectives conférant, malgré tout, une valeur à la personne et à la vie humaine avant et par-delà le décès, le droit tout en s'émancipant de la religion ne s'est pas déparé complètement de toute dimension "sacrée" et l'Etat doit se confronter à ces projections individuelles et collectives face à la mort. Si l'on a assisté en l'espace de moins d'un siècle à un basculement d'un devoir de ne pas tuer à une obligation de protéger la vie à laquelle la norme juridique fait très largement écho, la nouvelle maîtrise de la vie humaine permise par les avancées scientifiques et médicales transforme également l'expression souveraine de l'Etat. Se voyant reconnaître un pouvoir de protection de la vie, c'est désormais sur la condition biologique des individus elle-même que le droit public étend ses ramificationsThe interest of a study about death comes from the contradictions that affect it. Only the living can create laws and regulations: by definition, death in public law is the law of the living. Death, as managed by public law, is a prism which reveals the construction of the State but also uncovers gaps and weaknesses in the law to deal with the mystery of human condition. The law swings back and forth between a conception of death seen as nothingness and individual and collective beliefs giving nevertheless value to the person and human life before and beyond death. While freeing itself from religion, the law has not completely lost any"sacred" dimension and the State must face these individual and collective beliefs about death. In less than a century, there has been a shift from “do not kill” to an obligation to “protect life”; this shift is now widely integrated in modern law. Scientific and medical advances allow a new control of human life and also change the sovereign expression of the state. Public law is now in charge of a life protection duty and starts to integrate rules about the biological condition of human people itself
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Jouet, Mugambi. "Les droits de l'homme en France et aux États-Unis : la dialectique des convergences et des divergences." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D024.
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La thèse examine l'évolution des droits de l'homme et de la dignité humaine en France et aux États-Unis depuis les Lumières. Sa dialectique pluridisciplinaire offre de nouvelles perspectives sur les processus forgeant I'entendement de ces normes à travers l'expérience de deux sociétés ayant joué un rôle historique majeur. Les révolutions américaine et française convergèrent dans leurs revendications de droits universels. Pourtant, chaque pays diverge considérablement de nos jours. Tandis que la Déclaration des droits de l'homme de 1789 a intégré le bloc de constitutionnalité, le concept des «human rights» n'est essentiellement pas utilisé en droit étasunien. De surcroît, l'Amérique s'exempte souvent des normes internationales, à l'instar de sa rétention de la peine de mort. Or, une telle divergence n'a pas toujours existé. Contestant l'idée d'une filiation quasi directe entre la Déclaration de 1789 et les droits de l’homme aujourd'hui, la thèse aborde le lien entre la Révolution française et la modernité́. Elle examine également la réticence de la France à ratifier la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme et comment elle fut un des deniers pays de l'Europe de l'Ouest à abolir la peine capitale. La première partie de la thèse offre une analyse macro-sociétale de la conception des droits de l’homme dans chaque nation depuis les révolutions du 18e siècle. La deuxième partie se centre sur la justice pénale, dont la peine de mort, l'incarcération et le traitement des prisonniers, afin d'évaluer l'impact des droits de l'homme sur le droit positif durant cette période. La thèse révèle ainsi comment ces droits ont été pensés, protégés et déniés au fil des générationsThe dissertation examines the evolution of human rights and human dignity in France and the United States since the Enlightenment. Its multidisciplinary dialectic offers news perspectives on the processes shaping the conception of these norms through the experience of two nations with a major historic role.The American and French revolutions converged in invoking universal rights. Yet each country diverges considerably today. While the Declaration of the Rights of Man of 1789 is now a French constitutional text, the concept of "human rights" is hardly used in U.S. law. Moreover, America commonly exempts itself from international human rights norms, as illustrated by its retention of the death penalty. However, this profound divergence did not always exist. Calling into question the notion of a quasi-direct link between the French Declaration of 1789 and human rights nowadays, the dissertation addresses the relationship between the French Revolution and modernity. It also examines France's reticence to ratify the European Convention on Human Rights and how it was among the last Western European nations to abolish capital punishment. The dissertation's first half offers a macro-societal analysis of the evolution of human rights in each nation since the revolutions of the 18th century. The second half focuses on criminal justice, including the death penalty, incarceration, and prisoners’ rights, to assess the impact of human rights and human dignity on positive law during this period. The dissertation ultimately reveals how human rights have been conceived, protected, and denied for generations
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Hwang, Wen Ching, and 黃文卿. "Human dignity and death penalty." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34837871094882716924.
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"Advocating Dignity: Death with dignity in the US, 1985-2011." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53720.
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abstract: Advocacy groups work across many aspects of “death with dignity” practice and treatment, and provide insight across multiple aspects of “death with dignity”. This study argues that key advocacy groups in the American death with dignity movement influenced the broader conceptualization of death with dignity in a way that makes patients more able to achieve it. This influence has been a dynamic process across different periods of practice starting the discussion of “death with dignity” in 1985 through today, although this thesis extends only to 2011. The question in this study is how do the three main historical advocacy groups in the US: the Hemlock Society, Compassion in Dying, and Compassion and Choices, conceptualize death with dignity with regards to patient and doctor relationship, legal and policy factors, and medical technologies and protocols? This study found that the Hemlock Society (1980-2005) characterized death with dignity as a terminally ill patient being able to “self-deliver” from suffering via autoeuthanasia regardless of medical community approval or legality. Compassion in Dying (1993-2007) characterized death with dignity as involved advocacy work with terminal patients and their communities to pursue palliative care and hospice up to the point of assisted death. This organization was also involved in the passing of Oregon Death with Dignity Act. Compassion and Choices (2007-present) characterized death with dignity similarly to Compassion in Dying but also advocated for adequate management of pain and suffering symptoms in palliative care to prevent people from desiring death over the illness. Conceptualizing death with dignity is important for understanding why patients want death with dignity and better accommodating their end of life needs when they are suffering with terminal illness.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Biology 2019
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Lee, Su-chen, and 李素貞. "Dignity of Death and Authentic Beign-towards Death--Euthanasia and Heidegger's View of Death." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71916857665905600983.
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Lee, Su-Chen, and 李素貞. "The Ethics of Physician-Assisted Suicide and Dignity of Death." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10334580532144328332.
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博士國立中央大學
哲學研究所
100
Palliative care is the first choice of terminal care at the moment. However, there are patients who still want to die other than no natural death because of the poor life quality at terminal stage. Nor would they prefer terminal sedation, which put them to a drowsy sleep for a long time. These cases require ‘physician-assisted suicide (PAS)’, which is a legally and ethically debated issue. The aim of my dissertation is to investigate the ethical issue and the possibility of legalization of PAS especially in Taiwan and try to demonstrate that PAS is another type of medical practice, which provides a further choice of palliative care for terminal patients in order to achieve their expected quality of life and dignity. In contrast to euthanasia, PAS is morally more acceptable to be legalized. This dissertation is basically an ethical analysis of the issue with certain references to clinical studies. The meaning of PAS is quite different from ordinary suicide. The evidences showed that people who required PAS were mainly terminal cancer patients. They request PAS due mostly to unbearable physical pains, followed by loss of autonomy and dignity. Most medical practitioners, however, oppose to PAS. In this dissertation, I start from the ethical analysis of reasonable criteria of PAS proposed by Dr.T.E.Quill, and supplement them with some suggestions and modification, which would hopefully provide a standard model for the consideration of legalization of PAS. In terms of the medical care for terminal patients, I compare the differences between PAS and natural death, voluntarily stopping of nutrition and fluid, terminal sedation as well as euthanasia, and propose PAS as one possible choice for terminal care. The dissertation deliberates further on the right to death of the patient and the reasons for and against PAS in the literature. I support patients’ right and autonomy in particular their right to die at terminal stage. However, individual medical practitioner has no obligation to assist their patients to commit suicide. Laws should be established for protecting patient’s right to die. By legislation, not only the patients’ moral rights are protected, but medical practitioners could also have the choice to participate or not in PAS according to their personal values. Government has the duty to let patient’s wish for a death with dignity be honored. Furthermore, the dissertation elaborates the Confucian’s view on PAS ,my analysis is based on the basic of Confucian’s conception of the mind of ren or the unbearable mind of other’s suffering and the principle of ching-chuan to show why certain cases of PAS is permissible. Confucianism emphazise family relationship, therefore it is not only the patient’s voluntary decision should be respected, but also their family members’ participation are fully acknowledged. In terms of the pluralistic religious believes in Taiwan, death is not necessarily a bad thing. However, in case of PAS, doctor’s benevolent heart and medical skills may not be enough to carry out PAS for the patients, a long term well maintained doctor-patients relationship is essential. Therefore, in Taiwan, it would be most important to establish a good system of family doctors. The contributions of this dissertation include: (1) The proposal of possible clinical criteria of PAS. By comparing the criteria of Quill’s seven requirements with the Dignity Death Act, I propose a possible PAS for Taiwan. (2) The argumentation of PAS in Confucian terms shows that Confucianism tends to support PAS for terminal painful patients. For Confucianism, it is most important to let the medical practitioners, the patient and patient’s family feel peaceful. Death could be the regarded as the practice of ren if the terminal patient understands his/her own illness, and chooses PAS with family support. This should also be based on a long term well-established doctor-patient relationship, so that all parties feel peaceful for the decision. (3) According to my clinical study and observation on medical professionals in Taiwan, less than half of the physicians and nurses support the idea of legalizing PAS. (30% of physicians and 39.3% of nurses support PAS legalization). 10-14.3% of physicians and 9.2-12.8% of nurses had the experiences of being requested for PAS by patients or their family members. Obviously, although PAS is still not widely accepted by the medical practitioners, some terminal patients demand for this treatment. To carried out patient’ PAS, we need the support of the wider society as well as medical practitioners’ recognition of PAS as part of palliative care.
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Shu, Po-Min, and 蘇柏名. "The dignity of life and the liberation of death in Jorge Manrique’s elegy：Coplas por la muerte de su padre." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/advx9e.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
西班牙語文學系碩士班
101
The 15th century is an epoch of cultural transition in Spain. Before that period, people’s life always focused on the Christian teachings. The living form of people in the Middle Ages is actually the reflection of the traditional religion. However, according to the influences from the interior changes and foreign cultures, this kind of living form was totally changed, moving from the former Asceticism of the Middle Ages to the latter Humanism of the Renaissance. The 15th century was a connecting period under this development. The specialty of this cultural transition was clearly showed up in the themes of poetic works. By doing research on the evolution of these literary themes, readers could comprehend clearer about the changes of the social value. Las coplas por la muerte de su padre is a literary work with lots of moral teachings. In this work, Jorge Manrique showed respects to his father’s greatness and was proud of the good deeds done by his father, which serves as starting point on the topic of life and death. This elegiac work was completed in the 15th century and the display of literary themes among this work is amazingly abundant. Nevertheless, based on limited studies, some scholars held different point of view toward the central idea of this elegy. Hence, this thesis centers on the evolution on literary themes from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance and introduces the biographies of Jorge Manrique and his father, Rodriogo Manrique, in order to understand their historical positions and the basic concept of value. Moreover, this thesis analyzed the tradition of classic elegiac works, in order to understand the core value of the early Christianity. In terms of the study above, this thesis tries to make comparisons step by step to prove whether Jorge Manrique’s main idea could be clarified or not. It was found that this elegy revealed some characteristics of the Renaissance. For instance, Jorge Manrique used the method of nationalization and popularization and also, he placed the importance on the life of fame. After doing further research, this thesis ascertained that although Jorge Manrique emphasized that his father’s fame would endure for a long time, but it wouldn’t last for good because eventually, the life of fame would disappear in the history, just like other secular values. Jorge Manrique deified his father and regarded him as the perfect model of life but in the end, he admitted that we human’s value would never transcend God’s will ultimately so if we would like to gain the eternal life after we die, we should follow God’s will and teachings to live. In the other word, this idea of the poet shows its links with the Middle Ages, not the Renaissance.
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Liu, Yi Lien, and 劉宜廉. "The argument of death with dignity for persistent vegetative state--the suggestion of amendments for Hospice Palliative Care Act." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b8zye7.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
法律學研究所
95
The Legislative Yuan, on May 23, 2000, passed the third reading of the Hospice Palliative Care Act (HPCA), which provides regulations for the care of terminally ill patients for physicians, patients and their family members. Under the HPCA, physicians are guided to provide the appropriate care to patients suffering terminal illness. With the advent of modern medical technology, ethical issues involving the theoretical and practical importance of death with dignity raise questions concerning self-esteem and self-determination for people in persistent vegetative state (PVS). Nevertheless, the HPCA remains silent and unresolved in its treatment of many of these issues. For instance, do PVS patients have the right to choose to die with dignity? In the absence of clear intention, who has the ultimate right to decide or judge whether to end a PVS patient’s life? What is the State’s attitude regarding self-determination of PVS patients under the current law? This paper attempts to explore the aforementioned questions within the framework of the debate on dignified death for PVS patients. Death with dignity for PVS sufferers is a serious issue which not only relates to medical and ethical principles but also to the financial and spiritual burden of family’s members, the nation’s social welfare policies, religious beliefs, and the understanding of the general citizenry. Clarity is crucial because legislative due process is required before the execution of death with dignity for PVS patients. This paper opens with a review of the theory of euthanasia and clarifies the difference between euthanasia and death with dignity. The paper then cites related legislation and judicial opinion from other countries, before re-evaluating the critical question of self-determination for PVS patients. Additionally, the paper turns to an examination of the current HPCA and proposes suggested amendments to the legal flaws which are currently encountered in practice. Through incorporation of the concept of living will, this paper concludes with suggestions pertinent to the drawing up of the Death with Dignity Act in the future.
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HU, KAI-LING, and 胡凱玲. "The Study on the Death with Dignity of Patients in Persistent Vegetative State-Focus on the Living Will and its Legislation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c455hs.
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碩士南臺科技大學
財經法律研究所
104
To respect and guarantee the medical treatment will of Terminal Patients, Taiwan passed legislation for Hospice Palliative Care Act, on May 23, 2000.Which gives the patients, their families and doctors the rights to follow and choose the medical treatment for Terminal Patients. This regulation has a relatively strict definition of the Terminal Patients, therefore it limits the applicable objects. However in Taiwan society, there are many severe patients and their families who have been suffering continuously like the Terminal Patients, but their conditions do not belong to the Terminal Patients defined in this regulation. For example, patients in Persistent Vegetative State which has attracted social attention for a long time, are not the applicable object. With the development of the human rights issue and the attention to the autonomy, it is debated that whether patients in Persistent Vegetative State has the right to choose Death with Dignity. Therefore, this article is to explore the possible development space and legislation direction of patients in Persistent Vegetative State from social disputes. This article adopts the document analysis to clarify the concepts of Euthanasia and Death with Dignity, explores the theory and controversy on the Death with Dignity of patients in Persistent Vegetative State from three aspects, Medical ethics thought, legal evaluation and social legalization opinion, and then analyzes the legislation evolution and operation mode of Hospice Palliative Care Act, as well as discusses operation ideas in academic areas to current regulations. At the same time, this article adopts comparative method to compare the contents of domestic and foreign Euthanasia laws and probes the connotation of judicial decisions to patients in Persistent Vegetative State. The conclusion explored from those controversies suggests that the position of protecting their autonomy and practicable to legislate Death with Dignity for patients in Persistent Vegetative State from the direction of Living Will. Therefore, this article proposes legislative elements according to the direction and materializes the legislation of Death with Dignity of patients in Persistent Vegetative State. This article also recommend relevant measures to make sure a successful effect of the Death with Dignity. We found that the Death with Dignity for legislation does have its importance. so as to hope a reference for including Persistent Vegetative State in the applicable objects of Hospice Palliative Care Act, to safeguard the autonomy and the right to life for patients in Persistent Vegetative State.
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Quintino, Bernardo, francisco S. Botelho, João M. Berberan, and José L. Costa. "Private equity challenge: an enquiry into agents’ minds." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/69724.
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Matuchová, Helena. "Euthanasie (z hlediska některých evropských zemí - srovnání)." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298783.
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Résumé Euthanasia is and always will be a hot topic of very heated debate among both non specialists and experts. The purpose of my thesis is to provide the reader with information about euthanasia and a list of rules dealing with the issue of euthanasia in selected countries. The introduction outlines the problems of euthanasia. The second chapter is devoted to clarifying the content of the notion of euthanasia, which comes from the Greek word for the phrase, "eu" meaning good and "thanatos" meaning death, a "good death", sometimes we can also meet the looser translation of euthanasia as a beautiful death. The content of the notion of euthanasia in the course of history changed. Today we see euthanasia as an act which one person intentionally ends the life of another person's own request with the intent to end her suffering. In the chapter are identified and defined forms of euthanasia, especially active and passive. The third chapter deals with the European Union's attitude to euthanasia. No law of the European Union explicitly addressed the euthanasia. Health policy in principle falls within the competence of national governments. And every Member State has its own position on the issue of euthanasia. In this chapter, I mention the idea and recommendations of the Council of Europe, though it isn't the...
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MARKOVÁ, Marie. "Filozofický pohled na člověka a lidskou důstojnost v odkazu Dominika Pecky ve srovnání s názory studentů středních zdravotnických škol." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-47876.
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The aim of this work is to find out the attitude of the students from the medical intermediate schools in České Budějovice and Ústí nad Labem about the dignity of man. The information is taken from the philosophical position of Dominik Pecka. Despite the rapid development of society, science and technology it is important to remember the value of man in common life. Human dignity as incommutable meaning has its impact, and maintaining that understanding is of benefit in helping professions such as social services and healthcare. The asset of this diploma work is to provide educators, primarily of the Intermediate Medical School, with a useful tool to help students understand and critic human ethics and develop an ethical empathy among student regarding man{\crq}s dignity. Using student respondents as the survey sample can help teachers understand contemporary students. The charted data can further serve for self-reflection of one's own behavior, persuasion and knowledge of matters in the ethical sphere.
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Itsweni, Pelewe. "The Experiences of Death of loved ones and Bereavement amongst young Vhavenda Widows of Tshikombani Village at Nzhelele, Vhembe District in Limpopo , South Africa." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1134.
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MA (Sociology)Department of Sociology
Death and bereavement are sensitive issues experienced by all mortal species across the world. When death occurs, some individual are left bereaved. However, all societies have established cultural ways of mourning the dead as a way of healing the bereaved; although it seems the bereavement rituals are decided and performed without the bereaves consent. The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of death and bereavement amongst the young Vhavenda widows. The primary objectives of the study were to identify the challenges experienced by young Vhavenda widows in Vhembe District during the time of death and bereavement; establish whether these women are treated with respect, dignity, and compassion during the process of death and bereavement; understand the coping strategies they employed in dealing with death and bereavement and understand their expectations regarding the role to be played by the family and the community. Finally, the study sought to ascertain the overall impact of the process of death and bereavement on widow’s future lives. A qualitative research method was used to collect indepth data through unstructured interviews. The interviews were conducted using a purposeful sampling method among 13 young widows at Tshikombani village in Nzhelele in Vhembe District. Mbigi’s five finger theory of Ubuntu was employed as the main theory aligning with the study. The research findings indicated that most young widows are coerced into performing bereavement rituals while elders made decisions for some. Only one young widow did not have bereavement rituals performed on her. The Findings also indicate that the participants are not fully aware of their rights as women, wives and citizens of South Africa. These raises need for government institutions to address issues concerning human, women and marital rights to the widows specifically in the rural areas of South Africa.
NRF
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Carvalho, Osvaldo da Graça Moreno Garcia de. "Dignidade humana e o doente em fim de vida : eutanásia e cuidados paliativos." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36575.
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Este estudo pretende ser uma reflexão sobre temas, como a dignidade humana e o doente em fim de vida, associando conceitos como eutanásia e cuidados paliativos. Apresenta a problemática da eutanásia, da morte medicamente assistida, e do seu desenvolvimento ao longo da história.
Numa breve observação do panorama jurídica mundial, particularmente da nossa realidade portuguesa, indicam-se propostas legislativas e pareceres sobre esta prática, aliás, nem sempre consensuais, porque se trata de questões sensíveis como o sofrimento proveniente de doenças incuráveis, a autonomia do doente, o poder de decisão na fase terminal da vida, sobretudo a preferência pela prática da morte medicamente assistida.
A Igreja Católica, através da sua doutrina, luta pela defesa da vida humana, sua dignidade em todas as situações, em especial no seu fim. Tomando como fundamento a Sagrada Escritura e o Magistério, apresenta um olhar cristão da vida humana, reconhecendo nela uma realidade sacral. Por isso, condena práticas como a eutanásia, e apoia o cuidado amoroso e próximo proporcionados pelos cuidados paliativos. São verdadeiros instrumentos proporcionadores de um processo de morrer com toda a dignidade.
É um estudo descritivo-reflexivo, que procura destacar, com base na revisão bibliográfica existente, sobretudo nos documentos da Igreja Católica, a importância do cuidar da pessoa que sofre, até ao fim, contrapondo práticas como a eutanásia e os cuidados paliativos.This study intends to be a reflection on themes such as human dignity and the end-of-life patient, associating concepts such as euthanasia and palliative care. It presents the problems of euthanasia, medically assisted death, and its development throughout history. In a brief observation of the world legal panorama, particularly of our Portuguese reality, legislative proposals and opinions about this practice are indicated, which are not always consensual, because it deals with sensitive issues such as the suffering caused by incurable diseases, the patient's autonomy, the power of decision in the terminal phase of life, especially the preference for the practice of medically assisted death. The Catholic Church, through its doctrine, fights for the defense of human life, its dignity in all situations, especially at its end. Based on Sacred Scripture and the Magisterium, it presents a Christian view of human life, recognizing in it a sacred reality. Therefore, it condemns practices such as euthanasia, and supports the loving and close care provided by palliative care. They are true instruments that provide a process of dying with all dignity. This is a descriptive-reflective study, which seeks to highlight, based on the existing literature review, especially in the documents of the Catholic Church, the importance of caring for the suffering person, until the end, contrasting practices such as euthanasia and palliative care.
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Baumgartner, Maria Elizabeth. "Constructing meaning - a model for hospice design in rural Manitoba." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3956.
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This practicum focuses on end-of-life care for older adults in rural
Canada. Specifically, it addresses links between domesticity and terminal
illness amongst adults within the building typology of hospice.
The objective of the practicum is the creation of a model for hospice
design in rural Manitoba. The hospice will be supported in pre-fabricated
housing. The practicum will address contemporary issues arising from
publicly-funded healthcare, the aging Canadian population, and cultural
issues surrounding dying, death, and grieving.
The main goals to be achieved with this project were the creation of
care facilities that encourage dialogue, education, and wellbeing for all
users. Additionally, the facilities will be designed as multi-sensory
environments where all human senses can be stimulated, expanding
beyond typical visual stimuli.
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Pereira, Maria da Conceição Gomes. "Os limites da dignidade humana em As Intermitências da Morte, de José Saramago : alegoria da morte na sociedade contemporânea." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/16016.
Full textAbstract:
A confrontação do homem com a sua finitude é uma temática tão antiga quanto a consciência da
sua mortalidade. A morte põe termo a um prazo inevitável que parece inscrever-se na natureza das coisas.
Não há remédio que sirva para a evitar por mais que os avanços científicos e tecnológicos se constituam
como solução para grandes problemas que afetam aqui e ali uma existência serena e uma felicidade constante.
Pensar a morte será uma forma de aprender a viver com o conhecimento pleno da nossa condição
humana. Aprender a viver com a convicção clara de que somos seres mortais, efémeros e em viagem,
deverá ser entendido como uma oportunidade para crescermos em dignidade e fraternidade.
Com As Intermitências da Morte percebemos que o sonho maior da espécie humana – a conquista
da imortalidade – rapidamente se transforma no seu revés. O fim da morte, ao contrário de trazer prazer,
traz pesadelo. Conduz ao caos, à desorientação, ao desnorte…. Consciencializamo-nos de que viver
eternamente seria estar condenado a uma velhice eterna, salvo se o tempo não parasse, coisa que não
acontece.
Recorrendo magistralmente à alegoria, Saramago deixa claro que temos que morrer para viver.
Se assim não fosse, a vida tornar-se-ia insuportável. Põe à vista o modo como a morte afeta a vida, como
morte e vida se unem numa necessidade mútua absoluta. Permite-nos ainda analisar o comportamento do
homem face a esse mistério.
O romance com muito de cómico, de ironia, de fábula e de tragédia, propõe-nos sentidos vários
no que toca às vivências do ser humano. Nele são explorados os recantos obscuros do ser humano contemporâneo:
a irracionalidade, a erosão da democracia, a solidão, as agressões do mercado capitalista
num país em que a economia submete a política e a instrumentaliza numa correlação de forças assimétricas,
reduzindo os regimes de soberania popular a engrenagens enormemente atrofiadas.
Aproximando vida e morte, As Intermitências da Morte resultam num hino ao amor, à música e à
vida humana.The human conflict with his own finite nature is a topic as old as the awareness of his mortality. Death puts an end to an inevitable period that seems to be part of the nature of things. There is no medicine to avoid it, even if the scientific and technological progress appears to be the solution to the big problems that sometimes affect a calm existence and a constant happiness. Thinking about the death will be a form of learning how to live with the full knowledge of our human condition. Learning to live with the plain conscience that we are mortal and ephemeral beings who are constantly travelling around, should be understood as an opportunity for us to grow in dignity and fraternity. Through As Intermitências da Morte we understand that the humankind’s biggest dream – the achievement of the immortality – turns rapidly into its reverse. Instead of bringing pleasure, the end of death brings a nightmare. It leads to chaos, to disorientation, to confusion… We become aware that living forever would condemn ourselves to an eternal old age, unless the time stopped, and that will never happen. Employing masterly allegories, Saramago makes clear that we have to die if we want to live. Otherwise, our life would be unbearable. He shows us how death affects life and how death and life get together in a mutual and absolute dependency. He also allows us to analyse the behaviour when a man is facing that mystery. Not only is the romance full of comic episodes, irony, fable and tragedy, but it also offers us several meanings for the human being’s experiences. In his romances, Saramago explores the darkest and hiding places of the contemporary human being: the insanity, the destruction of democracy, the loneliness, the aggressions of the capitalist market in a country where the politics is submitted to the economy. The first becomes an instrument of the second. So, there is a fight between two asymmetrical forces which reduces the popular sovereignty to huge decadent machines. By bringing together life and death, the romance As Intermitências da Morte gives birth to a hymn to love, to music and to human life.
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POLÁČKOVÁ, Ludmila. "Smrt v literatuře versus tvář smrti v dnešní společnosti." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-393880.
Full textAbstract:
This diploma thesis looks into the issues of death and dying. Based on a chosen work of fiction, it endeavours to remit the topic of fear of dying and concerns on the possibilities of how to deal with it from points of view of a dying person as well as that of an accompanying one. By using and connecting approaches used in sociology of literature and social work, it aims to appraise the benefit of reading fiction on the given topic for social workers in their professional as well as personal life. The work of fiction therefore serves as an alternative receptive material. By its interpretation, a social worker or layman can gain a more profound knowledge of current social issues, which the last matters of a human unquestionably belong to.
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ROŽNOVSKÁ, Kateřina. "Vnímání umírání a smrti." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-116939.
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The thesis describes the perception of dying and death among Werich family members, who were clients of Home hospice Tabita. The study is accompanied by an interview with Mr. Werich that took care of his dying wife. The observation has been performed by myself as an employee of Home Hospice Tabita. Facts obtained from the interview are supported by expert literature and my own participant observation. The study demonstrates what the dying families have in common, but also shows the specifics of individual cases. Although the hospice is based on Christian principles, it may profesionally and efectively work with non-Christian family members as well.
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RUDOLFOVÁ, Martina. "Umírání a smrt z pohledu pracovníků v sociálních zařízeních." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-52746.
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The theses deal with the last period of the person´s life and the possibilities of the care focused on the spiritual, psychic, physical and social aspect of the issue. It offers possibilities of ethical way how to cope with this life´s stage having the help of social workers, family and also the dying person. The practical part compares opinions of the hospice workers with the views of the workers from old people´s homes with respect to this issue. It also points at the demnad of the work and some of its difficulties.
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KOLÁŘÍKOVÁ, Martina. "Paliativní péče v domovech pro seniory." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-394178.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deals with the issue of dying in homes for the elderly and its possible solution in the form of systematic introduction of palliative care into the practice of social facilities. The thesis describes the concept of human dignity, the foundations theoretical basis of palliative care and the concept of dignified dying. Furthermore, it presents ethical problems in dying and does not neglect the needs of dying. In the next section I deal with individual key aspects of palliative care and ethical dilemmas. The main aim of this work is to verify the possibilities of providing palliative care in homes for the elderly. Retirement homes are facilities where we normally meet with the death of our clients. Workers are ready to provide care to support the quality of life, but rarely are they ready to provide the same care to the dying. Palliative care focuses on satisfying the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual needs of the dying, but it is still not common practice in the elderly.
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Karásková, Barbora. "Eutanázie a trestní právo." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372924.
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The thesis deals with legal aspects of euthanasia with special focus on criminal law context. It is divided into four broad chapters. First chapter defines terms that need to be understood perfectly for further work on the topic. Therefore, it deals with the term "euthanasia" and its division into active and passive euthanasia, direct and indirect, requested and unsolicited. There are also mentioned some related institutes such as dysthanasia, palliative and hospice care and assisted suicide. Last but not least, this chapter presents some arguments for and against euthanasia. Second chapter is devoted to legislation in foreign countries where euthanasia (or assisted suicide) has been legalized. Wider context of foreign legislation is important for realizing the consequences that possible legalization of euthanasia in the Czech Republic would bring. It can be clearly seen on the example of individual foreign states what legalization of euthanasia entails, how stringent the conditions that a request for termination of life has to meet are, and ultimately, we can decide whether we tend to endorse the legalization of euthanasia or go in the opposite course. Third chapter focuses on the merit of the matter, which is the legal regulation of euthanasia in the Czech Republic and the context of...
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HYBRANTOVÁ, Jana. "Proč se lidé přestávají loučit se zemřelými?" Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-393325.
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The diploma thesis deals with the search for answering the question of people´s not saying goodbye to the deceased. The first chapter deals with the topic of dying and death in the past and compares it to the present situation. Another chapter emphasizes the significance of the ritual in human life, it deals with the early and current funeral rituals, their justified meaning from a psychological point of view. It also deals with the places of the last resting of our ancestors. The third chapter deals with the ethical aspect of this issue and, in particular, with the search for the answers, which are the cause of the current situation. The last chapter focuses on social work with survivors, deals with accompanying, mourning, and counseling help.
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BARTKOVÁ, Štěpánka. "Eutanazie z hlediska etiky a teologie." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-51624.
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Abstract Euthanasia from the points of view of theology and ethics Key words: euthanasia, suffering, death, dying, dignity, human rights, doctor, patient, palliative medicine, hospice care, assisted suicide, religious motivation, followers, objectors of euthanasia In my thesis I am covering the topic of ?qeuthanasia??. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the reader to the problem of euthanasia from the points of view of theology and ethics. This thesis consists of theoretical and practical parts. The theoretical part further consists of eleven chapters. In the first chapter, the types of euthanasia ares discussed (active, passive, prenatal, and assisted suicide). In the second chapter, the history of euthanasia is discussed in a great detail. The third chapter mainly concentrates on euthanasia in the world. The fourth chapter is about the criteria of death. In the fifth chapter, I address the questions of euthanasia and death in recent years. The sixth chapter is about the relationship between a doctor and a patient. The seventh chapter covers palliative medicine and the eighth chapter further expands on this subject with the topic of hospice care. In the ninth chapter, I pursue the point of religious motivational impact. The tenth and eleventh chapters are dedicated to the followers and objectors of euthanasia. The practical part concentrates on exploratory research. I have chosen sociological research using the methods of discussion. Here are three interviews with experts, who interact with dying individuals on a daily basis. These questioned specialists are believers and therefore the discourses are anonymous. The objective of these discussions was to uncover how professional in different facilities view the issues of euthanasia. This objective was sucessfully achieved.
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KADLECOVÁ, Lucie. "Využití prvků paliativní hospicové péče v domově důchodců." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-172727.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis focuses on the possibilities to use elements of palliative hospice care in the retirement home. The work describes basic theoretical themes such as human dignity, its interpretation and dignified dying. It also presents basic issues concerning dying and death, ethical problems of different phases of dying, as well as the dying person's needs. The thesis tries to answer the question about the possibility of dignified dying through the use of hospice care. It also defines palliative care provided in hospices as one of the approaches to long-term care of dying people. The research analyses two standards of nursing care in retirement homes The care of a dying person and The care of a dead person. It presents results of its own research method realized through semi-structured interviews with clients of a retirement home. The aim of the research is to find out whether the clients themselves are interested in application of hospice palliative care in the retirement home.
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Váňová, Věra. "Etické problémy péče o umírající ve velké nemocnici." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-368018.
Full textAbstract:
V disertační práci se věnuji etickým problémům, se kterými se setkávají zdravotníci při péči o umírající nemocné. první kapitole přibližuji problematiku péče o umírající pacienty, předkládám pohled do historie péče o umírající a zaměřuji se na klíčová kriteria při péči o umírající, kterými jsou potřeby nemocných. druhé kapitole popisuji metodologickou část kvalitativního výzkumu, kterého se zúčastnilo 15 sester ze standardních oddělení, jednotky intenzivní péče a anesteziologicko resuscitačního oddělení Nemocnice Na Bulovce. Cílem výzkumného šetření bylo, prostřednictvím rozhovorů se sestrami, vyhledat a popsat etické problémy, se kterými se setkávají sestry při péči o umírající kontextu tří různých prostředí a v konkrétních situací Ve třetí kapitole uvádím komentované výsledky rozhovorů, ze kterých vyplynulo, že se sestry zamýšlejí nad ochranou lidského života v jeho kvalitou, dystanázií, marnou léčbou, rozdílem mezi ponecháním pacienta zemřít a eutanázií, autonomií, lidskou důstojností a poskytováním paliativní péče. Jednotlivé podkapitoly se skládají z teoretického zarámování a jsou doplněny o výpovědi respondentek výzkumného šetření a rozšířeny o můj komentář. Hlavním zjištěním je, že dotazované sestry trpí tzv. morálním distresem, který ovšem prezentují především v sérii konkrétních výhrad...
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URBÁNEK, Lukáš. "Úloha sociální práce a sociálního pracovníka při doprovázení na poslední cestě člověka." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-172721.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this Thesis is to outline the role of social work and social worker when accompanying a man in dying. The Thesis focuses on defining the social work and, at the same time, it points to the enormous diversity of the social work. The Thesis thus deals with the unclear definition of the field of social work as a particular helping profession, with the competency of social workers and with the current discussion about the need for a law on social workers. The Thesis also treats the phenomena of death and dying and how these issues are viewed from the perspective of social work. In the Thesis, these questions are highlighted in the context of the impact of the postmodern society. A large part of the Thesis is dedicated to finding the role of social work and social worker in hospice environment. Interest in dying clients and their loved ones represents an integral part of the Thesis, which also points out their needs, wishes and troubles. The Thesis outlines the issue of advisory for bereaved persons as well. Furthermore, it analyzes the ethical dimension of death and dying, especially with regard to human dignity. Critique of professional literature is confronted with author's own practical experience and with the output from an interview with a social worker.