Relevant bibliographies by topics / Death rates and cause

Academic literature on the topic 'Death rates and cause'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Death rates and cause"

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Artac Ozdal, Macide, and Seda Behlul. "Causes of Deaths in Northern Cyprus: Implications for Accurate Recording and Prevention of Deaths." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010014.

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Background: Reporting the causes of deaths completely and correctly is important to develop interventions for reducing death rates in populations. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the death rates, major causes of deaths and accuracy of recording of death causes in Northern Cyprus between 2007 and 2016. Methods: Data on death rates and causes of deaths between 2007 and 2016 were collected. The data were analyzed using SPSS 23 vs to determine the trends in death rates and to evaluate the ranking of causes of deaths. Results: There was an overall decrease in crude death rates between 2007 and 2016. The proportion of deaths in Northern Cyprus varied in terms of gender and age between 2007 and 2016, with death rates greater in males compared to females (1.89 times greater in 2007) and with higher death rates in people of older ages compared to younger people. The most common cause of death was ischemic heart diseases in all years, except in 2008, where senility was reported as the most common cause of death. Conclusion: There were decreasing trends in mortality rates in Northern Cyprus, with ischemic heart diseases reported as the top cause of deaths in the population. Accurate and complete reporting must be ensured for effective health policies and reduction of health expenditures.
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Adih, William K., Richard M. Selik, H. Irene Hall, Aruna Surendera Babu, and Ruiguang Song. "Associations and Trends in Cause-Specific Rates of Death Among Persons Reported with HIV Infection, 23 U.S. Jurisdictions, Through 2011." Open AIDS Journal 10, no. 1 (July 29, 2016): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601610010144.

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Background: Published death rates for persons with HIV have not distinguished deaths due to HIV from deaths due to other causes. Cause-specific death rates would allow better assessment of care needs. Methods: Using data reported to the US national HIV surveillance system, we examined a) associations between selected decedent characteristics and causes of death during 2007-2011, b) trends in rates of death due to underlying causes among persons with AIDS during 1990-2011, and among all persons with diagnosed HIV infection (with or without AIDS) during 2000-2011. Results: During 2007-2011, non-HIV-attributable causes of death with the highest rates per 1,000 person-years were heart disease (2.0), non-AIDS cancers other than lung cancer (1.4), and accidents (0.8). During 1990-2011, among persons with AIDS, the annual rate of death due to HIV-attributable causes decreased by 89% (from 122.0 to 13.2), and the rate due to non-HIV-attributable-causes decreased by 57% (from 20.0 to 8.6), while the percentage of deaths caused by non-HIV-attributable causes increased from 11% to 43%. During 2000-2011, among persons with HIV infection, the rate of death due to HIV-attributable causes decreased by 69% (from 26.4 to 8.3), and the rate due to non-HIV-attributable causes decreased by 28% (from 10.5 to 7.6), while the percentage of deaths caused by non-HIV-attributable causes increased from 25% to 48%. Conclusion: Among HIV-infected persons, as rates of death due to HIV-attributable causes decreased, rates due to non-HIV-attributable causes also decreased, but the percentages of deaths due to non-HIV-attributable causes, such as heart disease and non-AIDS cancers increased.
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Oh, Hyo Jung, Donng Min Yang, Chong Hyuck Kim, Jae Gyu Jeon, Nam Hyung Jung, Chan Young Kim, Jürgen Symanzik, et al. "Exploring Mortality Rates for Major Causes of Death in Korea." Open Public Health Journal 12, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501912010016.

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Background:The trends and patterns of the mortality rates for causes of death are meaningful information. They can provide a basis for national demographic and health care policies by identifying the number, causes, and geographical distribution of deaths.Objective:To explore and analyze the characteristics of the mortality rates for major causes of death in Korea.Methods:Some common data analysis methods were used to describe the data. We also used some visualization techniques such as heat maps and line plots to present mortality rates by gender, age, and year.Results:Our analysis shows the crude mortality rates have continually decreased over the last 25 years from 1983, though they have increased slightly since 2006. In addition, the top eight causes of death accounted for 80% of all Korean deaths in 2015. During the period 2005-2015, the leading cause of death was cancer in male and circulatory diseases in female. The trend for respiratory diseases shows a steep upward trend in males, while a similar trend can be observed for respiratory and nervous system diseases in females.Conclusion:The deaths for circulatory, respiratory, nervous system, digestive, and infectious diseases are the highest in the age 80 to 84, while cancer is the leading cause of death for ages 75 to 79. In addition, the mortality rates for circulatory, nervous, and respiratory diseases increase rapidly after the age of 80. Therefore, policies on health and welfare for the elderly are getting more and more important.
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Nwancha, Andy-Bleck, Eduardo Alvarado, Jiali Ma, Richard F. Gillum, and Kakra Hughes. "Atherosclerotic Peripheral Artery Disease in the United States: Gender and Ethnic Variation in a Multiple Cause-of-Death Analysis." Vascular and Endovascular Surgery 54, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 482–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538574420928158.

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Background: Atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an important cause of morbidity in the United States. In this article, we conducted a multiple cause-of-death analysis of PAD to determine patterns and trends in its contribution to mortality. Methods: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention statistics data were used to determine the number of deaths with the following 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems codes selected as an underlying cause of death (UCOD) or a contributing cause considering multiple causes of death (MCOD): 170.2, 170.9, 173.9, 174.3, and 174.4. The age-adjusted death rates per 100 000 population by age, gender, race, ethnicity, and region were computed for the United States between the years 1999 and 2017. In these years, there were 47 728 569 deaths from all causes. Results: In 1999 to 2017 combined, there were a total of 311 175 deaths associated with PAD as an UCOD. However, there were 1 361 253 deaths with PAD listed as an UCOD or a contributing cause in MCOD, which is 4.3 times higher than UCOD. Age-adjusted MCOD rates were higher in males (25.6) than in females (19.4). Among non-Hispanics, the rate in African American males and females was 1.2 times higher than in Caucasians. Age-adjusted MCOD rates have declined in African Americans and Caucasians irrespective of gender from 2000 to 2017. Conclusion: Peripheral artery disease is mentioned 4 times as often on death certificates as a contributing cause of death as it is chosen as the UCOD. Overall, age-adjusted MCOD rates were higher in African Americans than Caucasians, males than females, and declined between 2000 and 2017.
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Bressler, Sara S., Dana Bruden, Leisha D. Nolen, Michael G. Bruce, Lisa Towshend-Bulson, Philip Spradling, and Brian J. McMahon. "Mortality among Alaska Native Adults with Confirmed Hepatitis C Virus Infection Compared with the General Population in Alaska, 1995–2016." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2022 (February 8, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2573545.

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Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection incidence rates in the United States have increased since 2010 as a byproduct of the opioid crisis despite the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents in 2013. HCV infection is associated with higher rates of liver-related and nonhepatic causes of death. Methods. This study compared demographic characteristics and age-adjusted death rates from 1995 to 2016 among Alaska Native (AN) adults infected with HCV (AK-HepC) to rates among the AN and non-AN adult populations living in Alaska. Liver-related disease (LRD) and other disease-specific age-adjusted death rates were compared between the populations. Results. The all-cause death rate among the AK-HepC cohort was 2.2- and 3.4-fold higher than AN and non-AN adults, respectively, and remained stable over time in all populations. The LRD death rate among the AK-HepC cohort was 18- and 11-fold higher than the non-AN and AN, respectively. The liver cancer rate among the AK-HepC cohort was 26-fold higher compared to the Alaska statewide population. The AK-HepC cohort had elevated rates of death associated with nonhepatic diseases with circulatory disease having the highest rate in all populations. Among liver cancer deaths in the AK-HepC cohort, 32% had HCV listed as a contributing cause of death on the death certificate. Conclusions. Death rates in the AK-HepC cohort remained stable since 1995 and higher compared to the general population. People with HCV infection had an elevated risk for all-cause, liver-related, and nonhepatic causes of death. Hepatitis C infection may be underrepresented as a cause of mortality in the United States.
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Peterson, Mark D., Allecia M. Wilson, and Edward A. Hurvitz. "Underlying Causes of Death among Adults with Cerebral Palsy." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 6333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216333.

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Background: The objective of this study was to examine temporal trends in cerebral palsy (CP) as the underlying cause of death overall. Methods: National cohort from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database from 1999 to 2019. The underlying cause of death was determined using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10 code G80, Infantile CP) based on death certificate adjudication. Crude mortality rates, age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs), and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for adults with CP from 1999 to 2019. Results: Between 1999 and 2019, there were 25,138 deaths where CP was listed as the underlying cause. There was a steady increase in deaths attributable to CP in both crude mortality rates and AAMRs from 1999 to 2019, with the highest rates occurring in 2019. The highest co-occurring causes of death were other diseases of the nervous system (36.4%), diseases of the respiratory system (17.2%), symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings (15.3%), and diseases of the circulatory system (8.2%). Conclusions: Labeling a cause of death as CP must be accompanied by other mechanisms leading to death in this population.
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Raknes, Guttorm, Marianne Sørlie Strøm, Gerhard Sulo, Simon Øverland, Mathieu Roelants, and Petur Benedikt Juliusson. "Lockdown and non-COVID-19 deaths: cause-specific mortality during the first wave of the 2020 pandemic in Norway: a population-based register study." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (December 2021): e050525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050525.

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ObjectiveTo explore the potential impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic on all cause and cause-specific mortality in Norway.DesignPopulation-based register study.SettingThe Norwegian cause of Death Registry and the National Population Register of Norway.ParticipantsAll recorded deaths in Norway from March to May from 2010 to 2020.Main outcome measuresRate (per 100 000) of all-cause mortality and causes of death in the European Shortlist for Causes of Death from March to May 2020. The rates were age standardised and adjusted to a 100% register coverage and compared with a 95% prediction interval (PI) from linear regression based on corresponding rates for 2010–2019.Results113 710 deaths were included, of which 10 226 were from 2020. We did not observe any deviation from predicted total mortality. There were fewer than predicted deaths from chronic lower respiratory diseases excluding asthma (11.4, 95% PI 11.8 to 15.2) and from other non-ischaemic, non-rheumatic heart diseases (13.9, 95% PI 14.5 to 20.2). The death rates were higher than predicted for Alzheimer’s disease (7.3, 95% PI 5.5 to 7.3) and diabetes mellitus (4.1, 95% PI 2.1 to 3.4).ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the frequency of the major causes of death in the first wave of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Norway compared with corresponding periods 2010–2019. There was an increase in diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer’s deaths. Reduced mortality due to some heart and lung conditions may be linked to infection control measures.
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Ward, Mark, Peter May, Robert Briggs, Triona McNicholas, Charles Normand, Rose Anne Kenny, and Anne Nolan. "Linking death registration and survey data: Procedures and cohort profile for The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing." HRB Open Research 3 (July 8, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13083.1.

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Background: Research on mortality at the population level has been severely restricted by an absence of linked death registration and survey data in Ireland. We describe the steps taken to link death registration information with survey data from a nationally representative prospective study of community-dwelling older adults. We also provide a profile of decedents among this cohort and compare mortality rates to population-level mortality data. Finally, we compare the utility of analysing underlying versus contributory causes of death. Methods: Death records were obtained for 779 (90.3% of all confirmed deaths at that time) and linked to individual level survey data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA). Results: Overall, 9.1% of participants died during the nine-year follow-up period and the average age at death was 75.3 years. Neoplasms were identified as the underlying cause of death for 37.0%; 32.9% of deaths were attributable to diseases of the circulatory system; 14.4% due to diseases of the respiratory system; while the remaining 15.8% of deaths occurred due to all other causes. Mortality rates among younger TILDA participants closely aligned with those observed in the population but TILDA mortality rates were slightly lower in the older age groups. Contributory cause of death provides similar estimates as underlying cause when we examined the association between smoking and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Conclusions: This new data infrastructure provides many opportunities to contribute to our understanding of the social, behavioural, economic, and health antecedents to mortality and to inform public policies aimed at addressing inequalities in mortality and end-of-life care.
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Anderson, C., J. Connelly, Eve C. Johnstone, and D. G. C. Owens. "V. Cause of Death." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, S13 (October 1991): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000296335.

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High mortality rates among schizophrenic patients from infectious diseases, particularly tuberculosis, pneumonia and gastro-enteritis, reported for periods up to the 1940s were shown not to be specific for schizophrenia, but were characteristic of the mental hospital population as a whole (Alstrom, 1942). Studies covering more recent times confirm the decline and virtual disappearance of mortality from tuberculosis (Baldwin, 1979), but an extensive literature continues to emphasise the relatively high mortality of the mentally ill, including those defined as schizophrenic (Innes & Millar, 1970; Tsuang & Woolson, 1977), and more recent record linkage studies (Herrman et al, 1983; Allebeck & Wistedt, 1986) have continued to show an excess of both natural and unnatural deaths. Long follow-up studies of reasonably large groups of well documented cases are relatively uncommon in this area and therefore the 532 cases in the Harrow study were carefully followed up from the point of view of the occurrence and cause of death.
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Rasheed, Hiba A., Huda Al Jadiry, and Eman A. Al-Kaseer. "Neonatal mortality rates at Al-Sadar city 2015 – 2019." Technium BioChemMed 3, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/biochemmed.v3i2.6430.

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Neonatal mortality is an index for newborn care and maternal health care. It is a useful indicator for obstetrical and neonatal healthcare services quality and availability. It is influenced by environmental, economic and social factors. Therefore, it is a measure of socio-economic status and health system. The study was a cross sectional one. It was conducted at Al Resafa side in Baghdad city. The requested data were reviewed from medical records (sex, cause of death, etc.). Chi-square was used to show the impact of dependent variables (death causes) on the independent variables (sex, and type of neonatal death). P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results showed number of neonatal deaths per 1000 livebirths ranged from 19.30-19.08 per 1000 livebirths between 2015 - 2019 respectively. Males had the highest neonatal deaths through studied years (54.8%, 54.5%, 56.4%, 57.2%, and 59 respectively). Prematurity (487, 32.1%), and respiratory distress syndrome (387, 25.5%) were significantly the common causes of early neonatal deaths. Sepsis (216, 30.1%), and respiratory distress syndrome (149, 20.8%) were significantly the main late neonatal deaths causes (kh 2= 429.582, p value = 0.001). Both males and females mainly died from prematurity (340, 285; 27%, 29.2% respectively). The distribution of causes of neonatal death were significantly varied between sexes (kh2= 20.782, p value= 0.001). In conclusions, neonatal mortality rate is high in the studied period. Two thirds of neonatal death occurred early.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Death rates and cause"

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Norrie, Philip Anthony. "An Analysis of the Causes of Death in Darlinghurst Gaol 1867-1914 and the Fate of the Homeless in Nineteenth Century Sydney." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1862.

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This thesis examines a ledger which listed all the causes of death in Darlinghurst Gaol, Sydney’s main gaol, from 1867 to 1914 when the gaol was closed and all the prisoners were transferred to the new Long Bay Gaol at Maroubra. The ledger lists the name of the deceased prisoner, the date of their death, the age of the prisoner at the time of their death and the cause of death along with any special comments relevant to the death where necessary. This ledger was analysed in depth and the death rates and diseases causing the deaths were compared to the general population in New South Wales and Australia as well as to another similar institution namely Auburn Prison, the oldest existing prison in New York State and the general population of the United States of America (where possible). Auburn Prison was chosen because it was the only other prison in the English speaking world (British Empire and United States of America) that had a similar complete list of deaths of prisoners in the same time frame – in this case beginning in 1888. The comparison showed that the highest death rates were in the general population of the United States of America (statistics on New York State alone could not be found) followed by Auburn Prison followed by the general population of Australia then the general population of New South Wales (the latter two were very similar) and the lowest death rates were in Darlinghurst Gaol. The analysis showed that individuals were less likely to die in the main prison, compared to the relevant general population in New South Wales and New York State despite the fact that 8 – 9% of these prison deaths were due to executions, a cause of death not encountered in the general population. This thesis explores the reasons why mortality rates were lower in prison despite the popular perception was that Victorian era gaols were places of harshness, cruelty and death (think of the writings of Charles Dickens, the great moralist writer who was the conscience of the era) compared to the general free population.
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Norrie, Philip Anthony. "An Analysis of the Causes of Death in Darlinghurst Gaol 1867-1914 and the Fate of the Homeless in Nineteenth Century Sydney." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1862.

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Master of Arts (Research)
This thesis examines a ledger which listed all the causes of death in Darlinghurst Gaol, Sydney’s main gaol, from 1867 to 1914 when the gaol was closed and all the prisoners were transferred to the new Long Bay Gaol at Maroubra. The ledger lists the name of the deceased prisoner, the date of their death, the age of the prisoner at the time of their death and the cause of death along with any special comments relevant to the death where necessary. This ledger was analysed in depth and the death rates and diseases causing the deaths were compared to the general population in New South Wales and Australia as well as to another similar institution namely Auburn Prison, the oldest existing prison in New York State and the general population of the United States of America (where possible). Auburn Prison was chosen because it was the only other prison in the English speaking world (British Empire and United States of America) that had a similar complete list of deaths of prisoners in the same time frame – in this case beginning in 1888. The comparison showed that the highest death rates were in the general population of the United States of America (statistics on New York State alone could not be found) followed by Auburn Prison followed by the general population of Australia then the general population of New South Wales (the latter two were very similar) and the lowest death rates were in Darlinghurst Gaol. The analysis showed that individuals were less likely to die in the main prison, compared to the relevant general population in New South Wales and New York State despite the fact that 8 – 9% of these prison deaths were due to executions, a cause of death not encountered in the general population. This thesis explores the reasons why mortality rates were lower in prison despite the popular perception was that Victorian era gaols were places of harshness, cruelty and death (think of the writings of Charles Dickens, the great moralist writer who was the conscience of the era) compared to the general free population.
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Kippen, Rebecca. "Death in Tasmania: Using civil death registers to measure nineteenth-century cause-specific mortality." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/9221.

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Studies of nineteenth-century cause-specific mortality date from the nineteenth century itself. Of necessity, most of these studies are based on published cause-of-death data, where causes have already been classified according to some system, rather than data from the original death registers. This thesis investigates nineteenth-century Tasmanian mortality. The main data source for this investigation is a computer database containing individual-level death-registration data for Tasmania from the period 1838-99. Annual life tables are calculated using adjusted census and death registration data. Causes of death are analysed using a new cause-:of-death classification system that combines elements from the Farr system of registration, in use in England and adopted in Tasmania in the nineteenth century, and the latest revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. The study seeks to answer the following three questions: How accurately were causes of death registered in nineteenth-century Tasmania? How were causes of death classified in the Statistics of Tasmania? What were the mortality patterns and trends over time in Tasmania and what causes of death resulted in these patterns and trends? The thesis confirms the need for researchers to be aware of the pitfalls of nineteenth century cause-of-death data, while recognising the wealth of information that such data can provide about nineteenth-century causes of death, and perceptions of these causes. The thesis also emphasises the importance of considering changes in mortality over time separately by age. The causes of mortality in infancy, childhood, adulthood and middle and old age were all very different, and calculating just one measure of mortality, such as life expectancy or an age-standardised mortality rate, often masks the very different trends occurring for various life stages.
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Christofis, Madison. "Biomarkers and their application towards cause of death investigations." Thesis, Christofis, Madison (2018) Biomarkers and their application towards cause of death investigations. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2018. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/42903/.

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Causes of deaths are frequently unknown, and in general a post mortem examination must take place as establishing an individual’s cause of death is the foremost task for a forensic pathologist. Cause of death refers to the illness or injury that initiated the event that lead directly to death or the circumstances of the accident or violence that produced the injury. However, autopsies or post mortem examinations occasionally cannot determine the cause of one’s death this is due to the body not automatically exhibiting visible evidence of how the fatality transpired and similarly there may not be a history of illness which could be as a means of death. Thus the practise of biomarkers is also involved to determine the cause of fatality in problematic cases. Biomarkers reflect an interaction between the body’s biological system and a possible threat which can be either biological, chemical or physical. Although biomarkers have been reviewed and known about for some time in regards to disease and therapeutic intervention the concept for their application in a post mortem examination is relatively new. There is limited literature with regards to this topic with no exact correlation between the use of biomarkers and establishing cause of death, hence the purpose of this literature review is to determine and review the application of various biomarkers in cause of death investigations. This review will also support the use of biomarkers as diagnostic markers and used to generate diagnostic tests to conclude specific causes of death and encourage further biomarker research.
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Bamber, Andrew Richard. "A proteomic approach to determining cause of death in sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10033880/.

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Introduction: Despite improvements in the understanding of infant death over recent years, many infants die each year in whom no cause of death is identified. There is evidence to suggest that a proportion of these unexplained deaths are the consequence of infection, either by a classical mechanism or as a consequence of the action of bacterial toxins. Post mortem tests for bacteria are robust, but there is a lack of effective post mortem tests for inflammatory markers which might assist in the interpretation of bacteriological results, and for identification of bacterial toxins. Methods: Proteomic techniques including biomarker discovery techniques using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and targeted techniques using multiple reaction monitoring tandem mass spectrometry, were used to identify potential biomarkers for infection and identify bacterial organisms and toxins, with a view to creating clinically-useful tests. Results: First, a rapid test for three biomarkers was developed which allows identification of infection and sepsis with high sensitivity and specificity in post mortem liver samples; this may be rapidly translated for clinical use. Second, a highly specific and sensitive test for Staphylococcus aureus and seven Staphylococcal exotoxins was developed which may be used to study the significance of Staphylococcal toxins in infant deaths. Furthermore this technique may adapted to identify other organisms; allowing potential use as a rapid diagnostic test in clinical practice in the living. Thirdly, the tests developed have identified inflammatory markers which are decreased in infants dying of infection; raising the possibility that acquired immune paresis may contribute to these deaths. This finding contributes to the understanding of mechanisms of fatal infection in infants, and in their prevention and management. Finally, a number of mitochondrial proteins have found to be raised in SIDS cases, which may provide additional insight into the mechanism of death in some of these cases.
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Ouyang, Meng. "The impact of maintenance program changes on common cause failure rates." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13218.

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Clark, Colleen Marie. "Identifying forensic markers for determining elder mistreatment as cause of death." Thesis, Boston University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12330.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
Elders, people over the age of 64, comprise the fastest growing segment of the population, and it is expected that the incidence of elder mistreatment will increase just as rapidly. Elder mistreatment is a serious issue that has only recently gained public awareness. Elder mistreatment is one of the least understood, researched or reported social issues and studies estimate that only 1 of every 14 cases is ever discovered. When an elder dies, it is usually the responsibility of the local medical examiner or coroner to conduct a full investigation to determine the cause and manner of death. However, there are currently no guidelines in existence to help distinguish between mistreatment and the ravages of advanced age or disease. Without effective tools to aid detection of elder mistreatment, the problem cannot be properly addressed, making reporting, intervention and prosecution impossible. This paper evaluates several potential markers of elder mistreatment along with physiologic changes of age and disease, to ascertain the merit of each finding asan indicator of abuse or neglect and develop an investigative protocol. A table and figure summarize and categorize the findings discussed throughout this paper. To ensure more accurate certification of elder deaths, research was reviewed and compiled in order to compare natural aspects of aging or accidental injury to inflicted injuries. In addition to characterizing elder's injuries, this research also describes the typical victim, the usual perpetrator, the victimperpetrator relationship and risk factors of elder mistreatment as part of the investigative protocol development. Enhanced knowledge of the signs and typical features of abuse and neglect will help medical professionals, law enforcement officials, and social service providers, more readily detect, report, and intervene in cases of elder mistreatment when they occur.
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Reilly, William J. "Characteristics of Cause of Death, Victim, Crime, Offender, and Familial Relationship." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7726.

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Broad personality or global traits are unlikely to assist in solving capital crimes, so forensic psychologists have begun to focus on characteristics of the crime to create differentiating profiles. The purpose of this study was to determine if offender and victim characteristics and method of murder could provide cluster profiles differentiating familial relationship between offender and victim. Guided by classical conditioning theory and social learning theory, an archival database of 147 capital offenders responsible for 506 victims was analyzed. Cluster analysis yielded 3 distinct profiles. Compared to other clusters, Cluster 1 offenders tended to be Black and unfamiliar with their victims, who tended to be male between 20 and 50 years old that were typically shot. Cluster 2 offenders tended to be White and familiar with their typically female victims under the age of 20 who they typically murdered by use of blunt force or strangulation. Cluster 3 offenders were distinguished from the other 2 clusters only by having accounted for 90.6% of all victims who were stabbed, but no other associations with variables in the data set were discovered to explain this finding. Though limited in sample size, range of variables, and supplemental insights that could have been gained from case files or interviews, the results contribute to positive social change with offender-victim characteristics and method of murder profiles that begin to differentiate the familial offender-victim relationship and that future research can prospectively build on to create retrospective profiling models, which could potentially lead to resolving unsolved serial murder cases.
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Nojilana, Beatrice. "Quality of cause of death certification at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6594_1259562750.

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Cause of death certification continues to be a useful tool in obtaining demographic, epidemiological and legal information. However errors in death certification are widespread and range from incomplete certificates to inaccurate causes and manners of death. The accuracy of the immediate and underlying causes of death listed on the death certificate depends to a large extent on the doctor and his or her understanding of the guidelines for reporting immediate and underlying causes of death. In 1998, South Africa adopted a new death certificate as per the format proposed by WHO. However, several studies have identified problems in the quality of cause of death certification. Furthermore, analysis of cause of death data suggested extensive underreporting of HIV as an underlying cause of death..."

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Lekoloana, Matome Abel. "Factors influencing knowledge of doctors on medical certification of cause of death in Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2872.

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Thesis (MPHM. (Curriculum Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019
The quality of mortality data in South Africa has been questioned because of the high percentage of deaths reported to be due to ill-defined causes. We sought to assess the level of knowledge of doctors on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) rules for medical certification of cause of death and determine the factors influencing that knowledge. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted across 12 hospitals in Limpopo Province among the five districts stratified by level of care. Doctors completed selfadministered questionnaire, which included the baseline characteristics and questions that tested their theoretical knowledge of the ICD rules of death certification. The outcome, an adequate level of knowledge was set at a score of ≥ 60%. A chi square test was used to determine the factors associated with the outcome. Ethical approval was obtained from Turfloop Research Ethics Committee, University of Limpopo. Results Of the 301 doctors who participated, 50.5% were female, 64% were junior doctors and 13% were specialists. Up to 49% of doctors worked in the two tertiary hospitals. Only 18% of the doctors have ever attended a Continuing Professional Development (CPD) on the topic. The mean overall score on knowledge of medical certification for all the doctors was 59.80% (±11.95) with 53% obtaining at least 60% on the questionnaire. Doctors lacked knowledge on identifying unnatural deaths and discerning the underlying cause of death. Factors associated with the adequate knowledge included years of clinical experience (p=0.01), previous training (p<0.001), awareness of guidelines (p=0.04), comfort level (p=0.01) and rank (p=0.02). Conclusion The study highlighted the need for training of all doctors in the province and identified the knowledge gaps. Interactive capacity-building workshops have been shown to improve knowledge of doctors on medical certification of cause of death in other studies. To improve the quality of mortality data in Limpopo Province, such workshops must be conducted in all hospitals. Key words: death notification, medical certification, cause of death
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Books on the topic "Death rates and cause"

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Sattar, Ghazala. Rates and causes of death among prisoners and offenders under community supervision. London: Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, 2001.

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Wright, Russell O. Life and death in the United States: Statistics on life expectancies, diseases and death rates for the twentieth century. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., 1997.

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Weston, Simon. Cause of death. Rochester: 22 Books, 1995.

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Wecht, Cyril H. Cause of death. London: Virgin, 1994.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), Curriden Mark, and Wecht Benjamin, eds. Cause of death. New York: Onyx, 1994.

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Cornwell, Patricia Daniels. Cause of death. New York: Berkley Books, 1997.

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Bailey, Kathleen C. Death for cause. Livermore, CA: Meerkat Publications, 1995.

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Cornwell, Patricia Daniels. Cause of death. New York: Berkley Books, 1997.

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Cornwell, Patricia Daniels. Cause of death. New York: Putnam, 1996.

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Cornwell, Patricia Daniels. Cause of death. London: BCA, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Death rates and cause"

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Benjamin, B. "Mortality—Death Rates and Causes." In Health and Vital Statistics, 72–91. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003281900-5.

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Aljurf, Mahmoud, Navneet S. Majhail, Mickey B. C. Koh, Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja, and Nelson J. Chao. "Introduction." In The Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82052-7_1.

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AbstractCancer is a growing healthcare problem worldwide with significant public health and economic burden to both developed and developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, with an estimated 20 million new cancer cases and 10 million cancer deaths in 2020. The International Agency for Cancer Research (IARC) estimates that globally one in five people will develop cancer in their lifetime. Low- and middle-income countries have been disproportionately affected by the rise of cancer incidence and account for approximately 70% of global cancer deaths. At the same time, substantial innovations in screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer have improved patient outcomes; global age-standardized cancer death rates showed a 17% decline from 1990 to 2016.
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Behrman, Jere R., Robin C. Sickles, and Paul Taubman. "Private Rates of Return on Social Security and Their Relation to Mortality for Groups Defined by Socioeconomic Characteristics." In Causes, Correlates and Consequences of Death Among Older Adults, 131–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4393-6_6.

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Kaalby, Lasse, Axel Skytthe, Karen Andersen-Ranberg, and Bernard Jeune. "Causes of Death Among 9000 Danish Centenarians and Semisuper-Centenarians in the 1970–2012 Period." In Demographic Research Monographs, 85–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49970-9_8.

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AbstractAs most centenarians suffer from multiple diseases, they are at high risk of dying – but what do they ultimately die of? This question has scarcely been examined. We have carried out a register-based study of the causes of death (CoD) among Danish centenarians. Among 8559 centenarian deaths in the 1970–2012 period, the most common CoD was in the category of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD); at the end of the study period, this CoD accounted for one-third of the deaths in this age group. The mortality rate for CVD as an underlying CoD was more than halved during the period (from 358 to 170 per 1000 person-years). In contrast, the mortality rate for cancer remained stable during the whole period, but at a very low level (15–20 per 1000 person-years). Cancer made up a much smaller share of underlying CoDs among this age group (3–4%) than among 85–99-year-olds (15%). The mortality rate for pneumonia remained at a constant level (about 50 per 1000 person-years) of around 10% among centenarians and 5% among 85–99-year-olds. The underlying CoD groups that were reported with increasing frequency during the period were mental diseases, including dementia, which increased sevenfold; and ill-defined conditions/senility, which increased fourfold. The latter CoD group accounted for 28% of deaths among centenarians in the most recent years, and for more than one-third of deaths among semi-supercentenarians (aged 105–109). The increase in the proportion of deaths for which the CoD was listed as ill-defined conditions/senility was probably partly due to the under-diagnosis of diseases among centenarians, especially of heart diseases. However, a substantial proportion of these deaths may have been attributable to “old age” – i.e., a combination of several diseases and organ deficiencies – and not to a single underlying cause.
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Yeo, Danson. "Gastric Carcinoma: Subtotal and Total Gastrectomy." In Mastering Endo-Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery, 257–69. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3755-2_39.

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AbstractGastric cancer is the fourth most common malignancy and the second most common cause of death among all malignancies worldwide [1]. More than half of new gastric cancer cases come from Eastern Asia (China and Japan), while Korea and Japan have the highest incidence rate in the world [2].
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Rau, Roland, Christina Bohk-Ewald, Magdalena M. Muszyńska, and James W. Vaupel. "Surface Plots of Rates of Mortality Improvement for Selected Causes of Death in the United States." In Visualizing Mortality Dynamics in the Lexis Diagram, 69–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64820-0_7.

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Zambon, M., G. Monti, and G. Landoni. "Outcome of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Causes of Death, Survival Rates and Long-term Implications." In Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2014, 245–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03746-2_19.

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Gerville-Reache, Léo. "Chi-Squared Test for the Law of Annual Death Rates: Case with Censure for Life Insurance Files." In Goodness-of-Fit Tests and Model Validity, 65–70. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0103-8_6.

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Elmahalawy, Ahmed, and Ghada Abdel-Aziz. "Machine Learning in Medical Image Processing." In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 918–27. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_93.

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AbstractMedical images provide information that can be used to detect and diagnose a variety of diseases and abnormalities. Because cardiovascular disorders are the primary cause of death and cancer is the second, good early identification can aid in the reduction of cancer mortality rates. There are different medical imaging modalities that the radiologists use in order to study the organ or tissue structure. The significance of each imaging modality is changing depending on the medical field. The goal of this research is to give a review that shows new machine learning applications for medical image processing and gives a review of the field’s progress. The classification of medical photographs of various sections of the human body is the focus of this review. Additional information on methodology developed using various machine learning algorithms to aid in the classification of tumors, non-tumors, and other dense masses is available. It begins with an introduction of several medical imaging modalities, followed by a discussion of various machine learning algorithms to segmentation and feature extraction.
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Johanning-Gray, Katie, Pankhuree Vandana, Jacqueline Wynn, and Jane Hamel-Lambert. "Preventing Suicide in Youth with Intellectual and Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Lessons Learned and Policy Recommendations." In SpringerBriefs in Psychology, 125–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06127-1_14.

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AbstractPreventing suicide in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other intellectual and neurodevelopmental disorders (INDs) is a critical issue. In the USA, the overall number of individuals living with ASD and other developmental disabilities has been increasing in prevalence; in 2014 the prevalence of children ever diagnosed with any developmental disability was 5.76%, and this increased to 6.99% by 2016 (Zablotsky et al., 2017). Concurrent with the rise in IND prevalence is a troubling rise in the rates of suicide, with suicide now being the second leading cause of death among those between the ages of 10 and 24 in the USA (CDC, 2020). Due to gaps in our existing knowledge including a lack of validated assessment tools and suicide-specific treatments for these youth, researchers and clinicians alike grapple with how to prevent suicide in individuals with INDs. This chapter explores the evidence regarding the prevalence of suicidal ideation and behavior in this population and discusses lessons learned during the implementation of suicide prevention policies within programs serving patients with INDs at a large pediatric hospital setting.
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Conference papers on the topic "Death rates and cause"

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Batista, Maria Stefania Nóbrega, and Lara Moreira Mendes Carneiro. "Principles of palliative therapy in the care of patients with metastatic breast cancer." In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-039.

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Abstract Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the female population in all regions of Brazil, except in the North, where cervical cancer occupies this position. The mortality rate due to breast cancer, adjusted by the world population, was 14.23 deaths/100,000 women in 2019, with the highest rates in the Southeast and South regions, with 16.14 and 15.08 deaths/100,000 women, respectively. Considering the increase in the number of cases of cancer – especially breast cancer – part of them in advanced stage and without possibility of cure, that is, metastatic, it is evident the need and importance of palliative care (PC) that aim comfort and management at the end of the life of cancer patients.
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SOUZA, Andreza Rozendo, Marcus Asevedo SANTOS, and Aline Trovão QUEIROZ. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DEATHS FROM ILL-DEFINED AND UNKNOWN CAUSES BEFORE AND DURING THE SARSCOV-2 PANDEMIC." In SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021 INTERNATIONAL VIRTUAL CONFERENCE. DR. D. SCIENTIFIC CONSULTING, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.48141/sbjchem.21scon.19_abstract_souza.pdf.

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Documenting the cause of death is important to know the health situation of the population. After the beginning of the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus, institutional protocols were created to minimize the spread of the virus, including changes in the handling of bodies. The main objective of this study was to identify whether there was a change in the number of deaths from unknown to ill-defined causes comparing two years before the pandemic and two years during the pandemic in Brazil and the state of Rio de Janeiro and to determine the main epidemiological characteristics. A documentary, retrospective, and historical study were carried out based on data collection in the mortality information system from 2018 to 2021. The period was divided into two phases to make comparisons, two years before and two during the pandemic. Mortality rate, sex, color, and age data were included. Before the pandemic, there was a lower mortality rate from an ill-defined or unknown cause in Brazil and the State of Rio de Janeiro. In addition to the problems faced before, the changes caused by the pandemic may have influenced the rise in death notifications from this cause. The age group most affected in the two biennia analyzed was over 80. During the pandemic, men were more affected than women, browns in Brazil and whites in Rio de Janeiro had the highest number of notifications. In general, during the pandemic, it was shown that there was an increase in the number of people who died from unknown or poorly defined causes, especially the elderly. Additional studies need to be performed for definitive elucidation. In addition, it is necessary to identify better the conditions that caused the increase in the number of deaths from unknown or poorly defined causes.
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Mann, Aysha, Jadyn Cook, Muneebah Umar, Fardin Khalili, and Amirtahà Taebi. "Heart Rate Monitoring Using Heart Acoustics." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-96824.

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Abstract Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the United States. In many cases, CVDs go unnoticed or are diagnosed late, contributing to the high death rate of such diseases. To address this issue, new methods for the early diagnosis of CVDs should be developed. In many medical conditions, heart rate can play an important role as an early indicator of heart diseases. In this pilot study, a heart rate monitoring method based on cardiovascular-induced sounds is investigated. For this purpose, phonocardiography (PCG) signals are measured noninvasively on the body surface of five healthy subjects (21–24 years) using an electronic stethoscope. In addition, electrocardiography (ECG) was used as a gold-standard method of cardiac monitoring. The PCG signals were then post-processed using custom-built algorithms to estimate the subject heart rate. These estimated heart rates were then compared with the heart rate calculated from the ECG signal using the well-known Pan-Tompkins algorithm. Results showed that the heart rate estimations from the acoustic modalities were consistent with those calculated from the gold-standard ECG.
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Zhao, Zhuo, Javier Coronel Baracaldo, Juliana Palacio Varona, Roberto Rueda-Esteban, and Zion Tsz Ho Tse. "3D Printing Realistic Endobronchial Models for Surgical Planning and Simulation." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6858.

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Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men and women globally. More than one million lung cancer cases are diagnosed worldwide each year. The leading cause of cancer death is lung cancer in the United States and worldwide [1]. According to the American Cancer Society, there were an estimated 222,500 new cases of lung cancer and 155,870 deaths from lung cancer in the United States in 2017. Early detection and diagnosis, as well as accurate localization in lung intervention, are the keys to reducing the death rate from lung cancer [1].
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Mesquita, Rodrigo da Rosa, Tatiana Farias de Oliveira, Gibson Barros de Almeida Santana, Antônio Leopoldo do Nascimento Gama Albuquerque, Amanda Karine Barros Ferreira Rodrigues, and Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza. "Epidemiological profile and temporal trend of mortality from cerebrovascular diseases in Northeast of Brazil, 1996-2016." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.600.

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Background: Cerebrovascular diseases represent the second leading cause of mortality in the world and Brazil occupies the leadership in the ranking of mortality in South America. Objectives: This study sought to analyze the sociodemographic profile and the time trend of the mortality rate from cerebrovascular disease in the Northeast of Brazil, 1996-2016. Methods: This is an ecological study of time series involving deaths from cerebrovascular diseases in the Northeastern of Brazil, 1996-2016. Sociodemographic variables (age, schooling, marital status, skin color, ICD category and federation units) were included and calculated crude and standardized mortality rates, according to gender and age group. A joinpoint regression model was applied for the temporal analysis, with a level of significance of 5%. Results: There were 490.433 deaths from cerebrovascular diseases in the Northeast of Brazil, 1996-2016. Of these deaths, 50,03% (n = 245.354) were women, 79,72% (n = 390.957) elderly, 46,66% (n = 228.851) brown, 51,81% (n = 332.439) illiterate and 37,93% (n = 186.014) were married. Of the causes of death, 56,63% (n = 277.741) resulted from stroke, not specified as hemorrhagic or ischemic (I64). In the Northeast, there was a predominance of the elderly population, with growth of 1.2% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Standardized mortality increased in four states, being higher in Maranhão and Piauí, with a predominance of females and age equal to or above 60 years.
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Perosky, Joseph, Adam Biddle, Kim DeGraaf, Whitney Hovan, Choi M. Li, and Shishira Nagesh. "EmboLess Mechanical Clot Removal Device: Possibility for Improving the Outcomes of Ischemic Stroke Patients." In ASME 2010 5th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2010-32072.

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Ischemic stroke affects nearly 690,000 patients a year in the United States and is the leading cause of long-term disability and the third leading cause of death [1, 2]. Acute ischemic stroke occurs when a clot becomes lodged in a cerebral vessel, cutting off blood supply to areas of the brain. There are two treatment options for acute ischemic stroke: tissue plasminogen activator (beneficial within the first 4 hours of stroke onset), and mechanical removal (beneficial from 4 to 8 hours after stroke onset). The two FDA approved clot removal devices (MERCI and Penumbra) for ischemic stroke are capable of achieving revascularization rates between 48% and 80% [3, 4].
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Kim, Jinsoo, Ciaran O’Neill, Kavya Pathak, Sai Shanthanand Rajagopal, Martina Moyne, Glen Picard, J. Andrew Taylor, and Conor Walsh. "Automatically Triggered FES Rowing Device for SCI Patients With Motorized Return." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6824.

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A quarter of a million people in the United States are affected by spinal cord injury (SCI), which causes loss of sensation and muscle function. Improvements in clinical care have resulted in a lower risk of mortality from initial complications like bedsores or urosepsis, though patients are more susceptible to long term conditions like coronary heart disease [1], which is a leading cause of death for SCI patients [2]. Patients with SCI have sedentary lifestyles, decreased aerobic fitness, and limited levels of oxygen uptake, which contribute to increased rates of cardiovascular complications [2]. To mitigate these factors, SCI patients must perform vigorous aerobic exercise, which can be done through functional electrical stimulation (FES) [3].
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Pasa, Laura Fogaça, Bianca Brinques da Silva, Stephan Kunz, Rafaela Boff, Antonio Pacheco, Victoria Bento Alves Paglioli, and Cristiano Amaral De Leon. "Epidemiological profile of childhood deaths caused by intercurrences of epilepsy in Brazil between 2010 and 2019." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.036.

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Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders among children, with a higher incidence in the first year of life. An accurate epilepsy diagnosis is essential for a proper treatment. Objectives: To assess the rates of childhood deaths from epilepsy in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive documentary study based on data from 2010 to 2019 in Brazil. Methods: Evaluating data provided by DATASUS, the information department of Brazil’s publicly funded health care system (SUS). Results: 238 infant deaths due to epilepsy were documented in Brazil during the studied period. The Southeast region had the highest rates, representing 31.51% of the total deaths, followed by the Northeast region, 29.83%, the South region, 18.91%, and the North region, 11.34%. Considering the population in each region, the North had the highest relative rates, followed by the Midwest, Northeast, South and Southeast regions. In the years 2017, 2018 and 2019 the highest death rates were documented, a total of 93 (39.08%). Regarding gender, boys had more deaths, 142 (59.66%) and girls 96 (40.34%). The most affected color / race was white, 133 deaths (55.88%), followed by brown, 79 (33.19%). Blacks and Indians registered the lowest rates, 2.52% each. Conclusion: A predominance of infant deaths due to epilepsy is noticed in the North, which points to the need for greater investment in health in this region, since there was a progressive increase in mortality. It was also found that the male gender and white color are risk factors for complications of the disease.
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Almeida, Gabriella Ribeiro de, Ana Júlia Omodei Rodrigues Martim, Ana Maria Bezerra Ramos, Anniele Eline Lima Menezes, Giovanna de Amorim Papaléo, Mariany Piedade Almeida Albuquerque, and Nieclyson Alexandre de Oliveira. "Epidemiological analysis of deaths and hospitalizations due to Alzheimer’s in Brazil from 2015 to 2019." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.346.

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Background: In 2050, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may affect 14 million people worldwide, being considered the fourth leading cause of death in adults. Objectives: Analyze the variation in deaths, mortality rate and hospitalizations for AD from 2015 to 2019, in Brazil. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of descriptive data from the Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results: In Brazil, from 2015 to 2019, there were 9045 hospitalizations and 1786 deaths from AD. Registering an increase in the total of dead about 75% (2015: n = 221; 2019: n = 386). In the years 2015-2019, the following mortality rates were recorded: 13.69; 14.86; 19.26; 21.23; 24,13, showing a smaller difference between the years 2015 and 2016 with 8.6%, and a greater difference between the deaths of 2016 and 2017 with 29%. Despite the growing trend of deaths from AD, there was a variation in the number of cases of hospitalizations in the analyzed period, with the following numbers per year, from 2015- 2019, respectively: 1,614; 1,501; 1,568; 1,550; 1,600, thus explaining that the year with the highest number of hospitalizations was 2015 (n = 1614), while the lowest was 2016 (n = 1501), showing a decrease between 2015-2019 of 0.86%. Conclusion: It was noted that 2019 had 165 more deaths than the year 2015 and a progressive increase in the mortality rate between 2015-2019. However, the number of hospitalizations during the study period was variable.
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Pilav, Aida, and Anes Jogunčić. "DIAGNOSTICS OF PREVENTABLE DISEASES IN CARDIOLOGY." In International Scientific Symposium “Diagnostics in Cardiology and Grown-Up Congenital Heart Disease (GUCH)”. Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/pi2021.199.03.

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Despite many efforts to diagnose and treat preventable cardiovascular diseases (CVD), more specifically to detect known risk factors, these diseases continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs among the high-risk countries with standardized death rate (SDR) of 385 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2018. Two leading causes of death are acute myocardial infraction, with rate around 90 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants and stroke with the rate around 80 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants in one year. Both incidents are preventable. Digital interventions are necessary for strengthening of the healthcare system. Benefits of eHealth could be seen in transmission of customized health information for different audiences: transmission of health-event alerts to a specified population group; transmission of health information based on health status or demographics; alerts and reminders to clients; transmission of diagnostic results (or of the availability of results) or even notifications and reminders for appointments, medication adherence, or follow-up services. Successful implementation of digital health requires multidisciplinary approaches, from mass dissemination of recommendations through public health education programs directly in the field, to clinical treatments for patients. All this requires the involvement of numerous actors, from the strategic to the operational level of management within the healthcare system in the country.
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Reports on the topic "Death rates and cause"

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Spencer, Merrianne, Sally Curtin, and Matthew Garnett. Alcohol-induced Death Rates in the United States, 2019–2020. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:121795.

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This report presents overall and sex-specific trends in alcohol-induced death rates from 2000 to 2020, and then focuses on the rates for 2019 and 2020 by sex, age group, and underlying cause of death.
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Curtin, Sally, and Merianne Rose Spencer. Trends in Death Rates in Urban and Rural Areas: United States, 1999–2019. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:109049.

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Curtin, Sally, and Jiaquan xu. Death Rates for Leading Causes of Death for People Aged 25–44 Among the Three Largest Race and Ethnicity Groups: United States, 2000–2020. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:121796.

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This report presents trends for the three leading causes of death to people aged 25–44 in 2020 (unintentional injuries, heart disease, and suicide) for non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic people.
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Kunz, L. L., R. B. Johnson, D. Thompson, J. Crowley, and C. K. Chou. Effects of Long-Term Low-Level Radiofrequency Radiation Exposure on Rats. Volume 8. Evaluation of Longevity, Cause of Death, and Histopathological Findings. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada154283.

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Ciapponi, Agustín. What is the effectiveness of interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1610132.

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In-hospital infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Clostridium difficile are associated with higher rates of death, illness and prolonged hospital stay which is a serious problem for patients and healthcare systems. These infections occur because antibiotics are used too often and incorrectly.
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Inoue, Takashi, and Mamoru Narukawa. Anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in combination with other anticancer drugs in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0004.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to compare the combination of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus other anticancer drugs and monotherapies of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in terms of antitumor efficacy in the solid tumors to better inform clinical practice. To this end, the proposed systematic review will address the following question: Which is the best choice to enhance response rate in subjects with solid tumors, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus cytotoxic agents or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus other targeted anticancer drugs? Condition being studied: Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting to approximately 9.6 million deaths worldwide in 2018. The clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) including PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has been proven; however, it is also known that their efficacy as monotherapy is limited, with a response rate of 20% or less in solid tumors. The combination of CPIs and anticancer agents has been actively attempted in solid tumors area.
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Wu, Xiaoqi, Maoxia Fan, Yaobo Pan, and Dona Guo. Quality of Evidence Supporting the Effects of Ginkgo Terpene Lactone Preparations in Ischemic Stroke: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0124.

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Review question / Objective: 2.2.1 Type of studies SRs/MAs of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) of GTLP for IS in any language. 2.2.2 Type of Participants Included patients were diagnosed with IS according to international or national standards, regardless of race, age, gender, time of onset, and source of cases. 2.2.3 Type of Intervention The intervention method in the control group was routine treatment, and the intervention method in the intervention group was GTLP treatment or GTLP combined with the treatment of the control group. 2.2.4 Types of outcomes Conclusions at least need to include clinical efficacy analysis and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Condition being studied: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and third leading cause of disability globally.Among them, ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for 70% of all stroke types. It is a central nervous system disease caused by cerebral blood circulation disorder, ischemia and hypoxia .The incidence rate is high and increasing year by year, the age of onset is younger, the disability rate is high, and most patients have different degrees of limb motor dysfunction.In order to reduce the burden of stroke on the society and the patient's family, many articles proposed to strengthen the primary stroke prevention - behavior change and drug intervention.
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8

Hoyert, Donna, and Elizabeth Gregory C.W. Cause-of-death Data From the Fetal Death File, 2018–2020. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:120533.

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9

White, M. Multiple cause of death mortality patterns among Californians. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5081266.

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10

Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique: Epidemiology, Disease Control and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.035.

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Malaria, HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are significant public health concerns in Mozambique. Malaria was the fourth leading cause of death in the country in 2019, accounting for 42% of deaths among children under 5 years of age (Mugabe et al., 2021; USAID, 2018). Mozambique is among the top eight countries with the highest HIV prevalence; with the second highest mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate in the world (Fuente-Soro et al., 2021; Nacarapa et al., 2021). The incidence of TB is rising, with pediatric TB cases almost tripling in recent years (WHO, 2020b; Nguenha et al., 2018; Orlando et al., 2018). Mozambique has one of the highest global incidence of malaria-HIV and TB-HIV co-infection, which raises the likelihood of poor clinical outcomes (Moon et al., 2019; USAID, 2018). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique and challenges in prevention, detection and treatment; and surveys select interventions that seek to address these challenges. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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