Journal articles on the topic 'Death illiteracy'
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&NA;. "Illiteracy linked to earlier death." Nursing 37, no. 10 (October 2007): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000291985.16561.90.
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WIDOME, MARK D. "Injury Illiteracy." Pediatrics 89, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 1091–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.89.6.1091.
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If you already find talking with parents about injury prevention a frustrating exercise, you may not want to read the article on bucket-related drowning published in this issues of Pediatrics.1 However, for readers, the article will strike a familiar chord. Bucket drownings are reminiscent of other serious or fatal injuries occurring in superficially benign circumstances: children becoming entrapped in household appliances and picnic coolers,2 children and adults suffering serious and fatal injuries from toothpicks,3 and teenagers being crushed to death beneath commercial soda-vending machines.4 Now, add to this list reports of injury associated with more hostile-appearing fixtures and products: entrapment by electrically operated garage doors,5 piercing skull injuries due to law darts,6 and esophageal burns caused by caustic pipeline cleaner used on dairy farms.7
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Pogge, Thomas. "World Poverty and Human Rights." Ethics & International Affairs 19, no. 1 (March 2005): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2005.tb00484.x.
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Despite a high and growing global average income, billions of human beings are still condemned to life long severe poverty, with all its attendant evils of low life expectancy, social exclusion, ill health, illiteracy, dependency, and effective enslavement. The annual death toll from poverty-related causes is around 18 million, or one-third of all human deaths, which adds up to approximately 270 million deaths since the end of the Cold War.
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Albuquerque, Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Norma Lucena-Silva, Wayner Vieira de Souza, Andréa Tavares Dantas, Odimariles Maria Souza Dantas, and Laura Cunha Rodrigues. "Factors associated with treatment failure, dropout, and death in a cohort of tuberculosis patients in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 23, no. 7 (July 2007): 1573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2007000700008.
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A cohort of cases initiating tuberculosis treatment from May 2001 to July 2003 was followed in Recife, Pernambuco State, Brazil, to investigate biological, clinical, social, lifestyle, and healthcare access factors associated with three negative tuberculosis treatment outcomes (treatment failure, dropout, and death) separately and as a group. Treatment failure was associated with treatment delay, illiteracy, and alcohol consumption. Factors associated with dropout were age, prior TB treatment, and illiteracy. Death was associated with age, treatment delay, HIV co-infection, and head of family's income. Main factors associated with negative treatment outcomes as a whole were age, HIV co-infection, illiteracy, alcoholism, and prior TB treatment. We suggest the following strategies to increase cure rates: further training of the Family Health Program personnel in TB control, awareness-raising on the need to tailor their activities to special care for cases (e.g., literacy training); targeting use of directly observed therapy for higher risk groups; establishment of a flexible referral scheme to handle technical and psychosocial problems, including alcoholism; and increased collaboration with the HIV/AIDS program.
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Vasconcelos, Fernando Donato. "O morrer e o germinar: óbitos numa vila em formação no sertão da Bahia, 1891-1913." CEM, no. 13 (2021): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/2182-1097/13a3.
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The article explores the civil and parish death records and analyses the circumstances of the formation of the district of Beija-Flor, which came to be called Bela Flor in 1895, which gave rise to the vila de Guanambi, in the backland of Bahia. In addition to the causes of death, it investigates aspects related to socioeconomic status, lack of medical care, illiteracy, local politics, gender, and ethnicity. It checks the extent of the district, identifying 71 places of death. The high occurrence of maternal deaths, neonatal tetanus, tuberculosis, and infections in general, including epidemic outbreaks in 1892 and 1896, as well as the high number of deaths of people under 50, reflect the precarious health conditions experienced between 1891 and 1913.
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Inuzuka, Sayuri, Paulo Cesar Veiga Jardim, Shafika Abrahams-Gessel, Ludimila Garcia Souza, Ana Carolina Rezende, Naiana Borges Perillo, Samanta Garcia Souza, et al. "Self-rated health status and illiteracy as death predictors in a Brazilian cohort." PLOS ONE 13, no. 7 (July 12, 2018): e0200501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200501.
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Shrivastava, Reena, Harish C. Tiwari, and Renu Sangal. "A Study on Maternal Mortality in Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 8, no. 4 (2016): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1437.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Prevention of maternal deaths is one of our foremost goals to provide safety to motherhood and to avoid loss to the family, society, and the nation. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of Uttar Pradesh is very high as compared to national average. Within the state, there is wide variation in MMR. The explanations and answers to these regional variations are complex. This study was planned with the objectives to explore each and every maternal death that had occurred in Baba Raghav Das Medical College in the last 4 years (2011—2014). Materials and methods In this study, data were collected from records of all maternal deaths that had occurred in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur from March 2011 to December 2014. Records of all maternal deaths during this period were scrutinized for socio-demographic profile, obstetric history, antenatal care history, causes of maternal mortality, time trend, geographical or regional distribution, admission and death interval, condition of patients on admission, outcome of pregnancy, and reasons for delay. Records of number of maternal deaths and live births were also collected for previous 11 years (2004—2014). Results Maternal mortality ratio has dropped almost six times in the last 11 years. Early age at marriage, illiteracy, poor socioeconomic status, and multiparity were found to be important determinants of maternal mortality and can act as risk factors. The pattern of causes of maternal deaths in this institute (preeclampsia) is different from that found in the community (postpartum hemorrhage). Delay in seeking care because of unawareness and illiteracy and ignorance was found to be the major contributing factor for most of the maternal deaths. How to cite this article Shrivastava R, Tiwari HC, Sangal R. A Study on Maternal Mortality in Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(4):294-298.
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Gour, Devendra, Manju Toppo, Veena Melwani, Amreen Khan, Pradeep Dohare, and Dileep Dandotiya. "A rapid appraisal of causes of child death in community settings in district Bhopal." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 4515. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184002.
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Background: Child mortality is considered as a core indicator for child health and well-being. SRS (December 2016) has shown that maximum IMR is in Madhya Pradesh which is 50 per 1000 live births and U5MR is 77 per 1000 live birth (2011). The study was carried out with the objectives to list out and categorize medical as well as socio-economic factors associated with these deaths and to evaluate the current status of child deaths in terms of the provision of health services and gaps in planning and execution of these services.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 42 deaths which occurred in Home settings in Bhopal District. A team visited the identified household and conducted in depth interview regarding the entire event related to antenatal care, place of delivery, intranatal and postnatal care, accessibility of the health services and quality of care rendered that contributed to poor child health that resulted in the death of the child.Results: Out of 42 child deaths covered, 23 took place in the neonatal period, of which 21 were home deaths. 47.61% were attended by trained birth attendant. Breastfeeding was started immediately in 94.11% neonates whereas 5.88% were breastfed second day or later. 19 deaths took place in the post neonatal period, of which 17 were home deaths. (68.75%) were breast fed immediately within one hour of birth.Conclusions: A majority of home based child deaths are occurring in families with high illiteracy rates and those belonging to BPL families.
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H. K, Somashekar. "RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH INTRAUTERINE DEATHS AFTER THE STATE OF VIABILITY REFERRED TO THE TERTIARY HEALTH FACILITY IN KODAGU." YMER Digital 21, no. 08 (August 9, 2022): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.08/32.
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IUFD is an important indicator of maternal and perinatal Health in a given population. Fetal death from Intra partum asphyxia and Rh is immunization has almost disappeared. Toxaemia and GDM contribute significantly to fetal deaths. There is a significant decline in still birth from unexplained causes. Most frequent reported causes of fetal death earlier were prolapsed of cord, abruptioplacenta, Hydrocephalus and rupture uterus. If the causes of IUFD can be found, an effective strategy for prevention of IUFD can be materialised and complications can be prevented. Methods: Retrospective study in Tertiary Care Hospital. Results: 35 out of 38 of the patients are belong to the age group of 20-30 years. With history of reduced fetal moments, background of pre ecclampsia and anaemia contribute significantly to fetal deaths. Conclusions: to seek treating physicians with history of reduced fetal moments and aggressive treatment of PIH and anaemia can reduce the burden of IUD in this tribal belt. Illiteracy is a big burden to train and educate women to seek good antenatal care and advice. Keywords: Pre Ecclampsia Hypertention(PIH), Intra Uterine Fatal Death(IUFD), Anti Partum Haemorrhage(APH), Macerated Still Birth(MSB), Preterm Labour(PTL), Meconium Stained Liquor (MSL), Gestational Diabetes Mellitus(GDM), Pre matured rupture of Membranes(PROM), Lower Segment caesarean section(LSCS), Pre term death (PTD), Congenital Malformations(CMF).
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Al Khateeb, Khalil Mohammed, and Ali Abdullah Al Awadhi. "Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Higher Education Sector in Yemen and Response Requirements." مجلة الدراسات الاجتماعية 27, no. 1 (May 4, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/jss.27.1.1.
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This study aimed at identifying the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on higher education sector in Yemen and the requirements of fighting the consequences. To achieve this objective, the study followed the descriptive content analysis method. The population and sample of the study were (46) items selected from the literature. Major findings revealed consequences of Covid-19 included suspension of university study, death of some university staff, spread of fear and anxiety among academic community, administrative staff and students, inability of Yemeni universities to use an alternative e-learning system (due to the lack of institutional technology), lack of e-learning material, bad internet services and the spread of technological illiteracy among most of teaching staff and students. In light of these findings, the study is concluded with a set of recommendations as follows: the creation of a unified body under the supervision of the two parties in Sana'a and Aden to manage Covid-19 crisis; strengthening awareness of protection; supporting medical services; providing the staff of the Ministry of Higher Education with health insurance; building technological capacity of universities to overcome technology illiteracy; and developing e-learning.
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Al Khateeb, Khalil Mohammed, and Ali Abdullah Al Awadhi. "Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Higher Education Sector in Yemen and Response Requirements." Journal of Social Studies 27, no. 1 (May 4, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/jss.v27i1.1772.
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This study aimed at identifying the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on higher education sector in Yemen and the requirements of fighting the consequences. To achieve this objective, the study followed the descriptive content analysis method. The population and sample of the study were (46) items selected from the literature. Major findings revealed consequences of Covid-19 included suspension of university study, death of some university staff, spread of fear and anxiety among academic community, administrative staff and students, inability of Yemeni universities to use an alternative e-learning system (due to the lack of institutional technology), lack of e-learning material, bad internet services and the spread of technological illiteracy among most of teaching staff and students. In light of these findings, the study is concluded with a set of recommendations as follows: the creation of a unified body under the supervision of the two parties in Sana'a and Aden to manage Covid-19 crisis; strengthening awareness of protection; supporting medical services; providing the staff of the Ministry of Higher Education with health insurance; building technological capacity of universities to overcome technology illiteracy; and developing e-learning.
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Abolfotouh, Mostafa A. "Behaviour disorders among urban schoolboys in south-western Saudi Arabia." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 3, no. 2 (March 15, 1997): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/1997.3.2.274.
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Behaviour disorders among 305 schoolboys aged 8-12 years in Abha were assessed using the children’s behaviour questionnaire developed by Rutter. The frequency of behaviour disorders was 13.4%. Children’s parents were interviewed to obtain social and demographic information about the family. Behaviour disorder was associated with family size, crowding index, parents’ education, birth order, parental death and social class. When multiple regression analysis was applied, these factors jointly contributed 12.8% of the variance in total behaviour score. However, mother’s illiteracy was the only significant predictor of maladjusted children [P = 0.02]. Poor academic performance of children was strongly associated with behaviour disorder
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S. Padmanabha, Usha Rani, Maheswaran R., Shwetha Hiremath, Puneeth N., and Renuka Prithviraj. "A study to assess the treatment adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in rural and urban population of Bengaluru, South India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 3105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20203385.
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Background: Globally, around 425 million adults are victims of diabetes with increased prevalence being noted in low and middle income countries. Diabetes was seventh leading cause of death leading to 1.6 million deaths in 2016 (WHO report). Management of diabetes is multifaceted which includes diet, physical activity, screening for complications and medications. Adherence to pharmacotherapy plays an important role in glycemic control. Hence, this study was done to assess the magnitude of treatment adherence and its associated factors among type 2 diabetics.Methods: A community based study was done on patients with type 2 DM in the rural and urban population of Bengaluru. A simple random sampling technique was followed. Medication adherence was assessed using 8 item Morisky's treatment adherence scale.Results: A total of 250 subjects were interviewed, among them 59% were male and 41% were female. The mean age of the subjects was 60.93±10.1 years. The mean treatment adherence scores was 25.9±3.1 years. Among the 250 diabetics, 62% were adherent and 38% were non adherent to anti diabetic medications. Forgetfulness to take medications was one of the reasons for non-adherence with mean scores of 3.12+0.6.Being illiterate, labourers, aged above 60 years, obesity, frequency and multiple dosage was found to be significant factors for non-adherence (p<0.05).Conclusions: Adherence to anti diabetic drugs was found to be 62%. Increased age, illiteracy, occupation, BMI, frequency and multiple doses of drugs were significant factors responsible for medication non adherence. There is a need for reinforcement of health education and motivation for diabetics to improve their medication adherence.
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K., Ashok Kumar, Ravindra Kanakeri, and Bharathi Anjanappa. "Clinical study of various risk factors associated with intrauterine fetal death." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 12 (November 23, 2017): 5293. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20175231.
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Background: The death of a fetus is one of the unhappy events in the field of obstetrics. It is really distressing when it occurs without warning in a pregnancy that has previously entirely normal. It is thus vital to identify specific probable causes of fetal death to determine the risk of recurrence, prevention or corrective action.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in ESIC MC and PGIMSR, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. All cases of intrauterine fetal death confirmed either with ultrasound or on clinical examination by absence of fetal heart rate and fetal movements were studied. The age, parity, literacy, socio-economic status was recorded. Detailed history, clinical examination, associated conditions. Mode of delivery and details of the fetus and their placentas were noted. They were followed for 3 days for complications.Results: Mean maternal age was 26.03yrs, 98.5% of the women were booked cases, 82% belonged to lower middle class.16.39% of the women had hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, 4.91% had gestational diabetes, 9.8% had abruption placentae, 9.8% had oligohydramnios and 1.63% had polyhydramnios 4.9% were Rh isoimmunisation, 1.9% had twin pregnancy, 3.27% had PROM, 6.6% had cord accidents, 21% had anomalous fetus, 3.27% foetuses had non immune hydrops, 19.67% of IUDs were unexplained.Conclusions: Unexplained causes, PIH and abruptio placentae were major causes of IUFD. Significant proportion of IUFD due to PIH and abruption placenta is preventable by regular antenatal care and timely intervention. Despite advances in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities large number of fetal deaths remain unexplained. Poverty, illiteracy, unawareness and inaccessibility may be some of the reasons for unexplained IUFD.
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Sapkota, Tika. "Status Of Child Labour In Hotels Of Hetauda Sub-Metropolitian City." Journal of Business and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbss.v1i1.22836.
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The problem of child labour, as faced by the developing economics today, has indeed taken on serious dimensions. The exploitative socio-economic structures resulting in the marginalization of the poor have left them with no option but compel them to adopt child labour as a survival strategy. In the study, efforts are made to understand the societal facts about child labour and the root causes of the problem in the context of the socio-economic dynamics prevailing in the country. Child labour is a serious and wide spread problem in Nepal. Hotel, teashop and restaurant work are the most visible and hazardous forms of child labour, which is mostly common in the urban areas of Nepal. Moreover, they are among the most neglected, abused and exploited segments of the population. The study gathered information on hotel, child laborers socio-economic condition, their working condition, root cause of being laborers and problems faced by them. The child laborers come from almost all parts of the country and they are from different castes and ethnic groups. The majority of children are of age group with the average age being 14.5 years. Most of child laborers have their poor condition, step mother scenario, and illiterate family background. The children were found marginally illiterate. The household poverty is the leading cause of being child laborer in general. However, other factors like social injustice, unequal access to resources, large family size, death of earning family members, illiteracy, etc. contribute to enter into labour market from early age. The communicable diseases were prone in child laborers.
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Sapkota, Tika. "Status Of Child Labour In Hotels Of Hetauda Sub-Metropolitian City." Journal of Business and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (December 3, 2018): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbss.v2i1.22836.
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The problem of child labour, as faced by the developing economics today, has indeed taken on serious dimensions. The exploitative socio-economic structures resulting in the marginalization of the poor have left them with no option but compel them to adopt child labour as a survival strategy. In the study, efforts are made to understand the societal facts about child labour and the root causes of the problem in the context of the socio-economic dynamics prevailing in the country. Child labour is a serious and wide spread problem in Nepal. Hotel, teashop and restaurant work are the most visible and hazardous forms of child labour, which is mostly common in the urban areas of Nepal. Moreover, they are among the most neglected, abused and exploited segments of the population. The study gathered information on hotel, child laborers socio-economic condition, their working condition, root cause of being laborers and problems faced by them. The child laborers come from almost all parts of the country and they are from different castes and ethnic groups. The majority of children are of age group with the average age being 14.5 years. Most of child laborers have their poor condition, step mother scenario, and illiterate family background. The children were found marginally illiterate. The household poverty is the leading cause of being child laborer in general. However, other factors like social injustice, unequal access to resources, large family size, death of earning family members, illiteracy, etc. contribute to enter into labour market from early age. The communicable diseases were prone in child laborers.
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Gulati, Bal Kishan, Anil Kumar, and Arvind Pandey. "Cause of death by verbal autopsy among women of reproductive age in Rajasthan, India." International Journal of Scientific Reports 1, no. 1 (May 2, 2015): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20150202.
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<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>Reliable data on mortality and morbidity among women of reproductive age are scarce in India. The present study is the Rajasthan component of a large multi-centric study on cause of death by verbal autopsy conducted in five states of India. The data pertaining to deaths among women of reproductive age are presented. </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>House-to-house surveys of a representative population from rural and urban areas in six districts of Rajasthan were undertaken by Probability of Proportion to Size (PPS) sampling. Information on death was obtained from the relatives of the deceased and cause of death was assigned using the standardized algorithm prepared for the purpose. International Classification of Diseases - ICD-10 was used to code the assigned cause of death. </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>A total of 231 deaths of women of reproductive age were investigated, of which 36 (16%) were maternal deaths while 195 (84%) were non-maternal deaths. Nine out of ten maternal deaths were in rural area.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>Certain infectious and parasitic diseases; pregnancy, childbirth and the puerpurium; injury, poisoning and other consequences of external causes; and symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified were found to be the major killers among the women of reproductive age. A comprehensive approach that includes in addition to reproductive health interventions, interventions addressing underlying illiteracy among women and social reforms needs to be undertaken. </p><p class="keywords"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Keywords: </span></strong>Maternal deaths, Non-maternal deaths, Women of reproductive age, Verbal autopsy</p>
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Sinha, Kavita, and Subhash Pandey. "Risk Factors in Patients with Intrauterine Fetal Death at Tertiary Referral Centre." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v17i2.28752.
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Background: Among various community health indicators available for measurement of quality and impact of health services in developing countries, perinatal mortality accounts one of the top most single indicators even today. Documentation and evaluation of the etiology and the associated risk factors for stillbirth is required in order to decrease the fetal mortality rate and to devise plan in maternal health sector.
Objective: To find out common risk factors in patient and its association with intrauterine fetal death.
Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of OBSGYN, Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur from Jan 2018 to September 2019.Cases of multiple pregnancies, intrapartum death and fetal death diagnosed before 28th weeks of gestation were excluded. After exclusion, 65 cases of intrauterine fetal death were studied.
Results: Majority (78.4%) of the patients with IUFD belonged to the reproductive age group(20-35yrs) and (15.4%) belong to <19yrs (p=0.008) associated with illiteracy (84.6%). More than half (58.5%) had at least one ANC visit and were primigravida (17%) with preterm (63.07%). Hypertensive disorder was the commonest obstetric complication in these mothers (36.92%) followed by unexplained (26.15%), anaemia (18.46%), PROM (15.4%), APH (13.8%). Most of the babies were low birth weight (63.69%) and majority were males (63.1%).
Conclusion: Majority of the risk factors found in the present study were preventable. Stillbirth rate can be reduced by proper management of these risk factors during antenatal care and intrapartum care.
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Patel, Rajesh B., Hinal A. Sinol, Sonal V. Jindal, and Jayendra R. Gohil. "Verbal autopsy of neonatal and infant deaths from Bhavnagar rural and comparison with recent data." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205721.
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Background: Infant deaths from Bhavnagar rural areas were studied by using a verbal autopsy tool.Methods: Community visit based retrospective study of Bhavnagar rural by WHO verbal autopsy questionnaire.Results: Of the 92 deaths analyzed, 59 % (early), 12% (late), and 29% were during the post neonatal period. Male deaths were 55 (60%). The most common immediate causes were infection (39%), birth asphyxia (23%), and hyaline membrane disease (15%). Underlying causes were: maternal illness with feeding problem (45%), prematurity (26%), meconium aspiration syndrome (9%), and congenital/genetic anomalies (10%). Infant and neonatal deaths were seen more with illiteracy of mother, age of mother (25-29 years), third parity, anemia, and vaginal discharge; and non-breastfed, low birth weight and preterm. Birth asphyxia and hyaline membrane disease were during early, and meningitis and pneumonia were after the neonatal period. Verbal autopsy was accurate in 18/23 (78%) of the facility-based deaths where the cause of death was available. Ethics approval was obtained.Conclusions: Reproductive health education to adolescent girls and mothers, regarding the treatment of fever, vaginal discharge; and breastfeeding counselling with vitamin B12 should be used as more infant deaths are associated with anemia of mother. Health workers should be skilled in neonatal resuscitation, prematurity management, and referral, after stabilization, identification of congenital anomaly, antenatal screening by USG, and neonatal metabolic screen. Recent 2018 data obtained from Bhavnagar District Health Authority shows that over a period of eight years, institutional deliveries have increased and home deliveries, early neonatal deaths, HMD, and septicemia have decreased. Perinatal care should be check-list based, monitored, and mentored.
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Balde, Ibrahima S., Ousmane Balde, Ibrahima Stylla, Alhassane II Sow, Massa Keita, Fatoumata B. Diallo, Ibrahima T. Diallo, Mariame Diallo, and Mamadou S. Barry. "Post-operative maternal morbidity and mortality after caesarean delivery and laparotomy for uterine rupture at the gynecology and obstetrics service of the Ignace Deen National Hospital in Guinea." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 4367. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20204782.
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Background: The aim of the work was to study post-operative maternal morbidity and mortality after caesarean delivery and laparotomy for uterine failure, to describe the main causes and to analyze the risk factors.Methods: It was a descriptive, comparative and analytical study lasting 2 years with data collection in 2 phases, one of which was a retrospective study lasting one year from July 2018 to June 2019 and the other a prospective study also lasting one year, from July 2019 to June 2020. It concerned all pregnant women who had been caesarized or had had a laparotomy for uterine rupture with complications and those who had not developed any complications. The parameters studied were types of complications, risk factors and maternal mortality. The Chi-square test was used to compare the two populations with a significance level p=0.05.Results: During the study period, 6141 hospitalizations were recorded among which 5682 surgical procedures were performed, i.e. 92.52% of hospitalizations. Caesarean delivery accounted for 90.55% of surgical procedures and laparotomy for uterine rupture for 1.10%. The overall maternal post-operative morbidity rate was 7.60%. Post-operative anemia was by far the most common complication (75.76%) followed by infection (23.46%). The maternal death rate was 0.92% with a ratio of 409.97 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births and more than 2/3 of these deaths were due to caesarean delivery. Anemia and septic shock were the main causes of death. Factors related to this post-operative maternal morbidity were: age greater than or equal to 40 years, multi-parity, illiteracy, emergency obstetric evacuation, low socio-economic level, poor quality of prenatal follow-up and rupture of membranes before admission.Conclusion: In the emergency context concerning majority of our cesarean deliveries and the totality of uterine ruptures predispose the mother to high significant morbidity and mortality.
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Wuraola, Dr Adeyemo, C. "Widowhood and Its Harmful Practices: Causes, Effects and the Possible Way out for Widows and Women Folk." World Journal of Educational Research 3, no. 2 (August 29, 2016): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v3n2p380.
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<p><em>This study investigates widowhood practices in Nigeria in Southwestern, Nigeria. It particularly examines the influencing factors for the harmful widowhood practices in spite of modernization. The researcher discovered that there are certain cultural imbalances in the practice of widowhood between widows and widowers. And that the disorganizing and traumatic experience which accompanies the death of the husband tends to be greater than that which accompanies the death of the wife. The study revealed that; illiteracy, poverty, male-dominated society, poor socio-economic status of women, religion belief and traditional inheritance laws are factors responsible for the</em><em> </em><em>harmful practices.</em><em> </em><em>These</em><em> </em><em>directly and indirectly have negative effects on widows and their children. This study therefore recommends qualitative education for the girl-child at early stage, enlightenment programmes and vocational skills acquisition for all women, particularly widows, as means of reducing, if not totally eradicated the harmful rites, unjust discrimination and inhuman treatments against widows and the generality of women.</em></p>
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Chakraborty, Debrupa, and Pinki Nath Ghosh. "Impact of backwardness on health-case study Pakhiralaya village, Gosaba Block, Sundarban, West Bengal, India." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 20 (December 30, 2019): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2019.v20.003.
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The Sundarban is a national park, biosphere reserve and tiger reserve in West Bengal, India. Pakhiralaya village is a part of Sundarban and it located exact opposite to the buffer area of Sundarban reserve forest. This village has its unique natural beauty and it is far from the noise of the city. But this area is suffering from backwardness and is one of the underdeveloped villages in Gosaba block. The main reasons for being backward are illiteracy, age old beliefs, unemployment, engagement with primary economic activities and lack of infrastructure. The overall backwardness of this village seriously affects the health condition of the village because villagers often use home remedies to treat serious health issues due to lack of proper medical facilities. They also do not have the proper knowledge to judge the seriousness of the disease which often leads to untimely death and also causes pre natal, natal, and maternal death. They also treat snake or other animal bites from local ojhas or gunins or quake doctors (local people with herbal medical knowledge, they are normally not registered as medical practitioners). The backward condition of this area also keeps the educated doctors or educated persons away. This certain conditions create a hopeless situation in the sector of health and hygiene.
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Yokoe, Ryo, Rachel Rowe, Saswati Sanyal Choudhury, Anjali Rani, Farzana Zahir, and Manisha Nair. "Unsafe abortion and abortion-related death among 1.8 million women in India." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 3 (May 2019): e001491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001491.
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IntroductionUnsafe abortion is a preventable cause of maternal mortality. While studies report high number of abortions in India, the population-level rates of unsafe abortion and their risk factors are not well understood. Our objective was to analyse the rates of and risk factors for unsafe abortion and abortion-related maternal death in India.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of data from 1 876 462 pregnant women aged 15–58 years from nine states in the Indian Annual Health Survey (2010–2013). We calculated the rate of unsafe abortion and abortion-related mortality with 95% CI. Multivariable logistic regression models examined the associations of sociodemographic characteristics, health seeking behaviours and family planning with unsafe abortion and abortion-related mortality.ResultsThere were 89 447 abortions among 1 876 462 pregnant women in 2007–2011 (4.8%; 95% CI 4.8 to 4.9). Of these, 58 266 were classified as unsafe (67.1%; 95% CI 66.7 to 67.5). There were 253 abortion-related maternal deaths (0.3%; 95% CI 0.2 to 0.3). Factors associated with unsafe abortion: maternal age 20–24 years (adjusted OR (aOR): 1.13; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.18), illiteracy (aOR: 1.48; 95% CI 1.39 to 1.59), rural residence (aOR: 1.26; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.32), Muslim religion (aOR: 1.16; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.22), Schedule caste social group (aOR: 1.08; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.12), poorest asset quintile (aOR: 1.45; 95% CI 1.38 to 1.53), antenatal care (aOR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.72), no surviving children (aOR: 1.30; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.46), all surviving children being female (aOR: 1.12; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.17), use of family planning methods (aOR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.71). Factors associated with abortion-related deaths: maternal age 15–19 (aOR: 7.79; 95% CI 2.73 to 22.23), rural residence (aOR: 3.28; 95% CI 1.76 to 6.11), Schedule tribe social group (aOR: 4.06; 95% CI 1.39 to 11.87).ConclusionDespite abortion being legal, the high estimated prevalence of unsafe abortion demonstrates a major public health problem in India. Socioeconomic vulnerability and inadequate access to healthcare services combine to leave large numbers of women at risk of unsafe abortion and abortion-related death.
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Bano, Saira, Muhammad Sheraz, Haiba Kaul, Khuzeema Tanveer, Zeenat Zafar, Sheikh Muhammad Azam, Shumaila Arif, Shoaib Hassan, and Mm Khan. "Epidemiology of Different Types of Cancer in District Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs20221611413.
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Aim: Cancer incidence are rising but its prevalence in District Dera Ghazi is not available on government or private level. Therefore, it is difficult to deal with cancer about its statistics and specific type prevalence. Our study was aimed to find the prevalence of cancer in various tehsils of Dera Ghazi Khan District, along with its trend from 2015 to 2021. Method:This was a cross-sectional study, conducted on cancer prevalence in three tehsils of Dera Ghazi Khan includes; DG Khan, Taunsa and Tribal area. A self-made questionnaire was used to assess the cancer prevalence in the form of;gender discrimination, prominent cancer types, number of death per year, number of cancer cases in various tehsils and number of live cancer patients and individuals survived. Results:Total 817 cancer patients were included in this study, 415 belong to Tribal area tehsil. Total 350 female cancer patients were reported in this study, 173 were affected by breast cancer and mostly of them belong to urban area. Breast, blood, liver, throat and stomach cancers were most prevalent in district. Highest proportion of cancer affected individuals were aged between 25 to 65 years. Cancer death rate was found to be in increasing order from 2015 (68) to 2020 (116). 2021 was recorded with 109 deaths. 157 cancer patients were under treatment and only 18 patients could have recovered from cancer in last 5 years. Conclusion:Cancer was highly prevalent in DG Khan especially in tribal area. Reason for high cancer prevalence might be presence of radioactive elements in environment, illiteracy and unavailability of cancer treatment and early diagnose center in DG Khan District. Keywords: Liver Cancer; Epidemiology; DG Khan; Breast Cancer; Colorectal Cancer
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Majkut, Paul. "Bookish Philosophy and Immediated Realism." Glimpse 22, no. 1 (2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/glimpse20212219.
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Disputes among conflicting “schools of thought,” located predominantly in philosophy departments in universities throughout the world, have degenerated into an academic, bookish philosophy that threatens to replace the discourse of wonder with the jargon of specialists. An elite process of inbred, intellectual decay renders all schools to a discourse that restricts philosophical discourse to print media, professional / professorial standards replace open-ended discussion, and “publish or perish” deflates the value of discourse. Literacy becomes the benchmark of understanding, and illiteracy is equated with lack of understanding. A tyranny of the articulate dismisses the wisdom of ordinary discourse, and the book itself becomes a coffin whose colophon page is a gravestone inscribed with the date of death of the corpse text within. Escape from this inevitable condition can be found in a return to the ordinary, common language and direct realism of the everyday human through a process of mediation, unmediation, and immediation.
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Rahman, Mohammed Abdul, Sowjanya Bhanu Veera, and Venkata Priyanka Dandugula. "Study of risk factors leading to poor outcomes in severe pneumonia age 2M-60M in a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20192026.
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Background: Childhood pneumonia is the single leading cause of mortality in children aged less than 5 years. Most cases occur in India (43 million); pneumonia is responsible for about 19% of all deaths in children aged less than 5 years. According to Child Health and Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) latest estimates, Pneumonia was responsible for 0.397 million of a total estimated 1.682 million under-five deaths in India.Methods: A hospital based prospective longitudinal study. In the present study 200 cases belong to age group 2 months to 5 years fulfilling WHO criteria for pneumonia who were attended to the department of paediatrics, Siddhartha medical college from January 2017 to January 2018 were evaluated the risk factors in relation to their outcomes after obtaining consentResults: Out of 200 children with severe pneumonia 11 risk factors are studied for significance against outcomes like Death of the patient, mechanical ventilation oxygen supplementation, hospital stay of patient and total duration of illness, Risk factors found to be significant are maternal literacy (p =0.0002617), malnutrition (p <0.00001), exclusive breastfeeding (p <0.05), low birth weight (p <0.05), immunisation (p=0.01).Conclusions: Severe malnutrition, maternal illiteracy, exclusive breast feeding, improper immunization and low birth weight are having a significant association with poor outcomes in children with severe pneumonia. Proper preventive strategies to decrease the incidence of these risk factors can help in increasing the survival rate of children with severe pneumonia.
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Sichieri, Rosely, Cecilia A. de Lolio, Valmir R. Correia, and James E. Everhart. "Geographical patterns of proportionate mortality for the most common causes of death in Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 26, no. 6 (December 1992): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89101992000600008.
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Mortality due to chronic diseases has been increasing in all regions of Brazil with corresponding decreases in mortality from infectious diseases. The geographical variation in proportionate mortality for chronic diseases for 17 Brazilian state capitals for the year 1985 and their association with socio-economic variables and infectious disease was studied. Calculations were made of correlation coefficients of proportionate mortality for adults of 30 years or above due to ischaemic heart disease, stroke and cancer of the lung, the breast and stomach with 3 socio-economic variables, race, and mortality due to infectious disease. Linear regression analysis included as independent variables the % of illiteracy, % of whites, % of houses with piped water, mean income, age group, sex, and % of deaths caused by infectious disease. The dependent variables were the % of deaths due to each one of the chronic diseases studied by age-sex group. Chronic diseases were an important cause of death in all regions of Brazil. Ischaemic heart diseases, stroke and malignant neoplasms accounted for more than 34% of the mortality in each of the 17 capitals studied. Proportionate cause-specific mortality varied markedly among state capitals. Ranges were 6.3-19.5% for ischaemic heart diseases, 8.3-25.4% for stroke, 2.3-10.4% for infections and 12.2-21.5% for malignant neoplasm. Infectious disease mortality had the highest (p < 0.001) correlation with all the four socio-economic variables studied and ischaemic heart disease showed the second highest correlation (p < 0.05). Higher socio-economic level was related to a lower % of infectious diseases and a higher % of ischaemic heart diseases. Mortality due to breast cancer and stroke was not associated with socio-economic variables. Multivariate linear regression models explained 59% of the variance among state capitals for mortality due to ischaemic heart disease, 50% for stroke, 28% for lung cancer, 24% for breast cancer and 40% for stomach cancer. There were major differences in the proportionate mortality due to chronic diseases among the capitals which could not be accounted for by the social and environmental factors and by the mortality due to infectious disease.
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Teshale, Achamyeleh Birhanu, Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema, and Zemenu Tadesse Tessema. "Spatial variations and associated factors of knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids for the management of diarrhea among women of reproductive age in Ethiopia: A spatial and multilevel analysis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 29, 2021): e0247772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247772.
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Background Even though diarrhea is not lethal by itself, the lack of knowledge about its management results in devastating complications such as dehydration and lastly death. Using an oral rehydration solution (ORS) is an easy, inexpensive, and most reliable way of treating dehydration and reducing diarrhea-related mortalities. The literature revealed that Knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids is a very important and critical factor for the utilization of ORS during the management of diarrhea. Methods We used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data, which is the fourth survey conducted by the Central Statistical Agency. A total weighted sample of 7590 reproductive-age women who gave birth within five years preceding the survey was used. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was done to assess factors associated with knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids. Arc GIS version 10.3 and Kuldorff’s SaTScan version 9.6 software were used for the spatial analysis. Results In the multilevel analysis maternal education, media exposure, residence, community illiteracy level, and region were significantly associated with knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids. Besides, knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids for the management of diarrhea was not random in Ethiopia (with Moran’s Index = 0.46 and p-value <0.001), and the primary clusters spatial window was located in SNNPR, most parts of the Oromia region, and eastern parts of the Gambela region. Conclusion In this study knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids was not random across the country. Lack of formal education, lack of media exposure, being from a rural area, and being from communities with a higher illiteracy level was associated with lower odds of knowledge of ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids. Therefore, special emphasis should be given to these high-risk groups and the hot spot regions (SNNPR, most parts of the Oromia region, and eastern parts of the Gambela region). Moreover, distributing information through different media regarding ORS packet or pre-packaged liquids is necessary.
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Batista, Joanna d’Arc Lyra, Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de Albuquerque, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes, Demócrito de Barros Miranda-Filho, Heloisa Ramos Lacerda de Melo, Magda Maruza, Libia Vilela Moura, Eduardo Jaime Seara Pinto da Costa Ferraz, and Laura Cunha Rodrigues. "Prevalence and socioeconomic factors associated with smoking in people living with HIV by sex, in Recife, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 16, no. 2 (June 2013): 432–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-790x2013000200018.
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Introduction: Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The prevalence of smoking is higher in people infected with HIV than in the general population. Although it is biologically plausible that smoking increases the morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV/AIDS, few studies in developing countries have analyzed the determinants and consequences of smoking in HIV infected people. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of smoking and identify the socioeconomic factors associated with smoking and smoking cessation in patients with HIV by sex. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with baseline data, obtained from an ongoing prospective cohort study of patients with HIV attending two referral centers in Recife, Northeast Region of Brazil, between July 2007 and October 2009. Results: The prevalence of current smoking was 28.9%. For both sexes, smoking was independently associated with heavy alcohol drinking and marijuana use. Among women, smoking was associated with living alone, not being married and illiteracy; and among men, being 40 years or older, low income and using crack. Compared with ex-smokers, current smokers were younger and more likely to be unmarried, heavy drinkers and marijuana users. Conclusions: It is important to incorporate smoking cessation interventions for the treatment of heavy alcohol drinkers and marijuana users with HIV/AIDS, which may increase life expectancy and quality of life, as smoking is related to risk of death, relapse of tuberculosis, and non communicable diseases.
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Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho. ""EMMA Study: a Brazilian community-based cohort study of stroke mortality and morbidity"." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 134, no. 6 (December 2016): 543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2016.024227092016.
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ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Stroke has a high burden of disability and mortality. The aim here was to evaluate epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis for stroke in the EMMA Study (Study of Stroke Mortality and Morbidity). DESIGN AND SETTINGS: Prospective community-based cohort carried out in Hospital Universitário, University of São Paulo, 2006-2014. METHODS: Stroke data based on fatal and non-fatal events were assessed, including sociodemographic data, mortality and predictors, which were evaluated by means of logistic regression and survival analyses. RESULTS: Stroke subtype was better defined in the hospital setting than in the local community. In the hospital phase, around 70% were first events and the ischemic subtype. Among cerebrovascular risk factors, the frequency of alcohol intake was higher in hemorrhagic stroke (HS) than in ischemic stroke (IS) cases (35.4% versus 12.3%, P < 0.001). Low education was associated with higher risk of death, particularly after six months among IS cases (odds ratio, OR, 4.31; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.34-13.91). The risk of death due to hemorrhagic stroke was greater than for ischemic stroke and reached its maximum 10 days after the event (OR: 3.31; 95% CI: 1.55-7.05). Four-year survival analysis on 665 cases of first stroke (82.6% ischemic and 17.4% hemorrhagic) showed an overall survival rate of 48%. At four years, the highest risks of death were in relation to ischemic stroke and illiteracy (hazard ratio, HR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.26-2.68) and diabetes (HR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.07-1.97). Major depression presented worse one-year survival (HR: 4.60; 95% CI: 1.36-15.55). CONCLUSION: Over the long term, the EMMA database will provide additional information for planning resources destined for the public healthcare system.
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Zaved Kaiser Khan, Mohammad. "Arsenic mitigation measures in Bangladesh." Revue des sciences de l’eau 25, no. 1 (March 28, 2012): 49–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1008535ar.
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The scale of arsenic toxicity of the groundwater in Bangladesh is greater than any environmental debacle in the history of human civilization. The main route of arsenic accumulation in the human body is the ingestion of arsenic tainted water. Because of the undetectable nature of arsenic poisoning at the early stage and lack of awareness due to mass illiteracy, poverty and malnutrition, arsenic related ailments may cause death. However, this paper mainly discusses arsenic mitigation measures in Bangladesh. Although a piped surface water supply after treatment is the absolute solution to get rid of this crisis, the weak economic background of Bangladesh does not support supplying such water to every corner of rural areas. Hence research groups have developed their own methods to suit the local environment, using locally available materials and approaches based on the common method of arsenic removal: use of oxidizing agents, followed by flocculation and precipitation. Again, among different alternative water supply options, deep tubewells, which have been used by the communities in Bangladesh during the past few decades, appear to be a more suitable alternate option. Moreover, household-based arsenic filters can be a good choice if proper maintenance can be done.
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EROJIKWE, Ikechukwu, Ugochukwu ANIBUOGU, and Vincent NNAMELE. "Prometheus Unbound: Health Humanities and the Complexity of Female Sexuality in Post-Colonial Nigeria." Nile Journal of English Studies 1, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejes.v1i1.41.
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<p>Sexuality in Nigeria has over the years been marred by several issues ranging from illiteracy, religious beliefs to socio-cultural norm. Consequently, women of all ages and almost all social strata have lived with the dangers of health hazards, social injustice and painfully death. That is not to say that sexual problems occur exclusively within the female category; it is safe to state that women are at the receiving end of some of the health and social consequences of sexually related challenges and thus, women are the focus group for this paper. Women in Africa appear chained as far as their sexuality is concerned and need a broad spectrum strategy to find lasting solutions within the context of post-colonial Nigeria. This paper intends to look at sex and sexuality from the health humanities angle. Health humanities as an emerging discipline attempts to look at areas of convergence between health and humanities. Therefore this paper will attempt to look at ways through which film has aided health promotion and awareness with regard to sexuality. The theoretical frame work for this study is perception theory and post colonial theory.</p>
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Longe, Omowunmi Mary. "An Assessment of the Energy Poverty and Gender Nexus towards Clean Energy Adoption in Rural South Africa." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 3708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123708.
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South Africa has about 2.5 million households without electricity access, most of which are located in rural areas and urban informal settlements. The nexus of energy poverty and gender is at play in the affected communities, as women and girls are culturally stereotyped with the task of collecting unclean fuels (e.g., firewood) and using these for their households’ energy demands. Therefore, this study prioritized rural women and girls as respondents in the provinces most affected by gendered energy poverty (GEP) in the country. The study was carried out in selected rural unelectrified areas of Limpopo, Mpumalanga, and KwaZulu-Natal provinces using structured interviews. The study revealed that GEP in the rural areas has exposed women and girls living there to security concerns, health hazards, premature death, domestic fire accidents, time poverty, income poverty, illiteracy, drudgery in households and farm tasks, etc., at different levels of severity. It also showed the effects of perceptions, age, income, and culture on the choice of energy use among the respondents. Mitigation strategies against GEP in rural South African communities through clean energy adoption are also proposed in this paper.
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I, Oche Prince. "The Prevalence of Malaria amongst Adults in Remote Primary Health Care Facility in South-South Nigeria." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH 7, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijar.2014.07.02.art010.
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Malaria is a serious public health burden with high morbidity and mortality in Nigeria accounting for 60% outpatient visits, 30% childhood mortality, 25% infant mortality and 11% maternal mortality, respectively, in the country. Malaria is endemic in Nigeria with consequent high economic burden. Malaria is one of the leading causes of death in Nigeria. The prevalence of malaria is high in Nigeria resulting from several climatic, bioenvironmental and socio-demographic factors. Malaria prevalence is higher amongst dwellers with high poverty and illiteracy levels. The prevalence of malaria was evaluated retrospectively in this study using clinical records over 12 months in a remote primary healthcare facility in South-South Nigeria. The findings show varied malaria prevalence rates amongst the months, with 3 months below 50% and the remaining 9 months above 50%. The overall period prevalence was 56% (541/966). The high prevalence rate reported in this study reflects the endemicity of malaria in Nigeria and is consistent with other reports that malaria prevalence is higher in the south-south Nigeria than observed with other regions of the country. The study prevalence 56% is twice higher than the average national period prevalence of 23%.
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Pati, R. N. "Reproductive and Maternal Health Challenges of Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: An Anthropological Appraisal." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 4, no. 1 (January 23, 2017): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v4i1.16414.
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A very Poor attention is given to reproductive health issues of pregnant women in rural regions of African countries. Ethiopia is one of the countries in horn of Africa representing highest maternal mortality rate in the continent. The Government of Ethiopia has reformed health policy and program to promote community involvement in maternal health, promotion of emergency obstetric health care, health seeking behavior for optimal utilization of maternal health services by women during pregnancies. The women living in pastoralist and small land holders’ communities are exposed to high risks of reproductive health hazards. Material delays comprising of delay in making the decision for referral, delay in arriving at hospital and delay in receiving appropriate maternal health services are major contributing factors for growing maternal deaths in Ethiopia. The illiteracy of woman, exposure to frequent pregnancies at adolescent age, poor decision making power of women in patriarchal society, poor employment status of women are main predicators of low utilization of maternal services and high ,maternal death in rural regions of the country. This article is based on synthesis of research projects completed by different authors on multiple dimensions of maternal mortality in Ethiopia. The promotion of referral support service and bridging up the referral gaps would address issues of maternal mortality and growing unsafe abortions among young mothers in rural regions of the country. This paper examines critically different socio – cultural barriers that prevent women living in rural area for accessing appropriate utilization of maternal and health services and infrastructure available. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-1: 32-37
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Saugstad, Letten F. "Third World Adversity: African Infant Precocity and the Role of Environment." Nutrition and Health 16, no. 3 (July 2002): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010600201600301.
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The war against illiteracy has not been won. The number of illiterates approaches a billion. Most reside in Third World countries—former colonies—where they are caught in a poverty trap of disease, low agricultural production and environmental adversity requiring technology beyond their means. I argue against the commonly held view that this is mainly attributable to the four hundred years of traffic in men. According to the late K.O. Dike, middle men along the African coast barred foreign merchants from the hinterland, and because of this the social, political structure and sovereignty of the African states remained fundamentally unchanged during the period 1400–1807, whereas a few decades after colonisation the socio-political system collapsed and was replaced by a small rich elite and many poor, while resources were taken out of Africa. Present poverty and underdevelopment represent as great a challenge as the trade in slaves. As did the African Middle-Men of that time, African leaders now must unite in an ambitious and confident Pan-African Union demonstrating strength. Western countries should focus on reducing poverty and improving nutrition. This also makes terrorism and legal and illegal migration less likely. Education is important, but the West should not limit its effort to fighting illiteracy but should also support the establishment of institutions for higher education. Africa possessed optimal conditions and an enriched environment for human evolution. African Infant Precocity is a persistent example. The human brain, like other brains, consists 60% of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (Marine-Fat*), the rest being water. A sufficient amount is required to secure optimal brain growth. It normalizes brain function, and prevents sudden cardiac and infant death, which have been increasing in Western societies. Humans are unique in having a mismatch between the need for brain food—marine fat—and our common high protein diet. Nowhere is the neglect of the brain greater than in pregnancy when protein is the only major nutrient considered. Declining levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids have been observed in human milk. Deficient intake could, if not corrected, gradually impair brain function as has been seen in animal experiments.
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Mwamberi, Alfonso Mwamberi. "Influence of Native Commutable Approaches to Climate Dispositions among Pastoralist in Nigeria. A Critical Literature Review." Journal of Climate Policy 1, no. 1 (October 8, 2022): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jcp.1056.
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Purpose: Complementary sources of income, sex of household heads, age of the household head, number of dependents, illiteracy, early warning information, employment status, and weak institutional structures determine vulnerability to climate variability and affect pastoralists. The overall objective of this study was to examine influence of indigenous adaptive capacity strategies to climate variability in Nigeria. A critical literature review
Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.
Findings: This study concluded that traditional mechanisms of predicting weather in Nigeria include observing the movement of clouds, wildlife, and domestic animals, observing intestines after slaughter, flowering and greening trees, and observing stars. The climate variability coping strategies among Nigerian pastoralists is eating less (9.9%), depending on food aid (42.8%), migrating to other areas (0.7%), and selling livestock (11.2%). These coping strategies increase the risk of being vulnerable to climatic shocks. The decline of food yields, loss of income, livestock death, poor access to water and pasture, and the death of loved ones are the main effects of climatic shocks.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This study recommended that the Government in Nigeria should also improve the cash transfer programs. Insurance programs will also benefit the pastoralists because they will cushion them against harsh climatic conditions. The government should also introduce better livestock rearing projects such as stall-fed and pasture grazing. Moreover, value addition programs for livestock and livestock diversification, such as donkeys' introduction in the area for sale, milk, and cultivation, will be essential.
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Srivastava, Sunil, and Vikesh Vij. "Pediatric scald injury and its comparison in urban and rural population: a clinico-epidemiological study in a high volume burn centre of Northern India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205698.
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Background: Scalds are the leading cause of pediatric burn admissions and related morbidity, as well as a major cause of pediatric death worldwide. This study was conducted with the objective to study the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric scald injuries and its presentation in urban and rural parts of Indian population.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of all burn admissions in our institute from January 2017 to December 2019. Data of pediatric patients with scald injury was analyzed.Results: Total 1257 pediatric burn patients were admitted during the study period of which 711 (56.56%) were scald injuries. 57.94% of the children belonged to rural background. The mean Total Burn Surface Area was 38.55% in rural population as compared to 24.16% in the urban population. Immersion burn was most common mode of scald injury in children from rural background (60.19%). Spillage was commonest mode of scald in children from urban background (69.2%) and also the commonest mode of scalds in the pediatric population.Conclusions: The population of rural area had greater total burn surface area, belonged to lower socio-economic status, and had delayed presentation to the hospital and greater mortality rates. Illiteracy and beliefs in quackery further worsened the prognosis of such children.
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Jain, KamleshKumar, Bhavik Rana, Rujul Shukla, and Vasu Rathod. "A Study of Low Birth Weight and Associated Maternal Factors in A Rural Field Practice Area of a Medical College at Ahmedabad City of Gujarat." National Journal of Community Medicine 13, no. 07 (July 31, 2022): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.55489/njcm.130720222099.
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Introduction: In developed countries, about 50% of all Low-Birth-Weight new born are preterm. Low birth weight is also a leading cause of neonatal death and major risk factor for infant and under-five morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To find out prevalence of low birth weight& to determine the association of socio-demographic variables, maternal medical and obstetric risk factors with low birth weight. Methodology: Across sectional community-based study was conducted in a rural field practice area of a medical college. A total of 600 participants (mothers who delivered within 3 months) were included in the study. Results: The prevalence of LBW was found to be 17% in the current study. Statistically significant association was obtained between age, education, occupation, socio-economic class of participants and birth weight of the child. The prevalence of LBW was found to be significantly high (51.7%) amongst children of those participants who consumed/used tobacco in any form. Conclusion: The prevalence of the LBW was found to be 17%. Extremes of reproductive age group, illiteracy, occupation of labourer, SEC class IV, grand-multiparity, inadequate IFA consumption, short stature, weight of mother and use of tobacco were found to be significantly affecting the birth weight and associated with low birth weight.
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Zaman, MS, WA Almajidi, and Dr Hurunnaher. "Knowledge on the Effects of Drug Abuse among the Students In A Selected High School In Dhaka City." Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education 3, no. 2 (October 14, 2013): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i2.16603.
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This was a cross-sectional study carried out among 120 students of National Ideal School in Dhaka city during September2012 to November2012. The objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge about the effect of drug abuse. Students were selected by purposive sampling technique. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was used and data were collected by self-administered method. Analysed by computer program SPSS. On analyses, the students were found to have very poor knowledge regarding the causes of drug abuse, 50% stated about unemployment, 48% stated about drug abuse friend, and 39% due to illiteracy. About the type of various drugs- 74% mentioned the name of Heroin, 73% Phensidyle, 48% cigarette and 31% stated the name of Ganja. Knowledge about various diseases- 80% mentioned death, 63% said hepatitis-B, 34% stated stroke. Regarding the social effect- 45% stated about increased fatehood, 34% about increased dacoity, 27% mentioned about increased crime. Knowledge about the familial effect, 67% mentioned about familial disturbance, 53% about waste of money. Knowledge regarding the health effect, 46% mentioned about red eyes, 36% mentioned about vertigo, 48.% mentioned about malnutrition, 39% about damage of other organ. Knowledge about the mental effect, 56% mentioned about become angry, 54% about abnormal behaviour. 69% of the respondents said about the consequences of drug abuse, is unusual death, 58% through out of family, 30% damage of other organ. From above data the overall knowledge scoring was, poor knowledge 84.2%, average knowledge 15.8% and no good knowledge were scored by the students. It may be concluded that the secondary school students have poor knowledge about the effect of drug abuse. Therefore heath education program in the school on drug abuse should be arranged from the secondary school level. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjdre.v3i2.16603 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.3(2) 2013: 12-18
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Salam Malik, Abdul, and Khalil Ahmad Shahid. "SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DETERMINANTS;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 08 (August 8, 2017): 1170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.08.1005.
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Background: Thalassemic children require regular multiple blood transfusions.It leads to multiple complications such as blood born infections, iron over load (Haemosidrosis)and spleen enlargement. Thalassemia transmission to future generations can be preventedand life of thalassemic children can also be prolonged by proper devoted pre-marital and intrauterine life management and mitigation of fatal complications. Objectives: The objective ofthis study was to assess the socio-demographic determinants of thalassemic children. StudyDesign: Descriptive study. Setting: Thalassemia Centre Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur.Period: One year from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016. Material and Method: Parents/guardians of 200 diagnosed children as thalassemic, who were receiving blood transfusionswere selected for interview. The data was collected by Pre- designed Performa to assess sociodemographicdeterminants. The data was analyzed to formulate hypothesis. Results: It wasfound that maximum number of patients coming for blood transfusion were from 7-9 years and10 years and above contributing 30% each while 4-6 years were 24% showing that majority ofpeople seeking for frequent blood transfusion service were over 4 years of age in this area. Atleast one thalassemic child death was disclosed by 32 (16%) families. The birth order of thepresent thalassemic child as 2nd one was told by 60 (30%) parents. There were 72 (36%) comingfrom distance <20 km which shows maximum utility of this center by local area population. Itwas found that 104 (52%) belong to poor socio-economic class. There were 188 (94%) childrenreceiving blood transfusion from teaching hospital blood transfusion center where as 100(50%) blood donors were unknown people. There were 104 (52%) children who were neverchecked for Hepatitis C virus markers while 116 (58%) mothers were illiterate. Regular use ofiron chelating therapy was found to be 8% only. There were 128 (64%) marriages proposed byparents and 72 (36%) enforced by grand elders resulting 144 (72%) marriages with first cousins.There were 160 (80%) consanguineous marriages and 188 (94%) without premarital thalassemiatest. There were 142 (71%) new born deliveries without prenatal thalassemia test. Conclusion:The enforced consanguineous marriages, lack of pre- marital and pre-natal diagnosis, poverty,illiteracy and lack of iron chelating agent support are the thalassemia problem exaggeratingfactors. Reducing magnitude of these problems can mitigate over load and socio-demographicconstraints of thalassemic patients in our country.
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Mishu, Moshiul Alam, Saikat Das Sajib, Md Mahib Ullah, Md Ashik Imran, Md Waseque Mia, Saaimatul Huq, Mohammad Abdullah Al Shoeb, and Muhammad Abul Kalam Azad. "An Overview on COVID-19 Outbreaks Scenario in South Asia." Bioresearch Communications 7, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brc.v7i1.54254.
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The global emergence of the recently discovered COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2) has already shown its devastating effects on almost the entire world by causing huge numbers of death cases and rupturing the whole economy as well as social communication. South Asia, a region that comprises mostly of least developed and developing countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) with overpopulation, illiteracy, poverty, lack of awareness, lack of hygiene, inadequate health care facilities, is still struggling to fight against this virus and facing the consequences with over 8.5 million confirmed cases including 130,636 deaths till the 20th October. Prompt and proper protective measures, good health care systems, and conscious people are the keys to reducing the severe impacts of this pandemic situation, and most of the countries in this region lack all of this. Considering this, it will not be a surprise if the pandemic takes its full shape in these countries and recent evidence also suggest that the situation is already on its way to reach the peak. However, the pandemic nature in South Asia also demonstrates that strict measures by the government and co-operation from the people can protect a country from the impacts of the virus, whereas lack of these can lead to the next heat point. This review demonstrates and compares the impact of COVID-19 in the mass population of South Asia which could support the government and scientific community to take proper protective measures against this global pandemic and better prepare the community for future challenges. Moreover, good health care systems, public health infrastructure, and up to date information on COVID-19 outbreaks in this region will help to combat this pandemic and create more sustainable and resilient healthy societies in South Asia.
Bioresearch Commu. 7(1): 973-981, 2021 (January)
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Siddique, Md Abu Bakar, Md Mujibur Rahman, AKM Humayon Kabir, Md Uzzwal Mallik, Md Habibullah, Md Mehedi Hassan, and Mostofa Kamal Chowdhury. "Experience of Managing Snake Bite Cases in a Medicine Unit of Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh - A Case Series." Journal of Medicine 22, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v22i1.51397.
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Background: Snakebite is a neglected public health problem in many countries of the world. Being a tropical country Bangladesh is also facing this problem. In this case series we have tried to focus the illiteracy, prejudice and mismanagement happen in snake bite cases from primary to tertiary level and how effective management can save life of snake bite victim.
Case presentation: Among the 29 snake bite cases admitted in a medicine ward of tertiary care hospital four were venomous bites- two male and two female. Our patients came from around Dhaka city. Though victim failed to bring the snake, by studying clinical features and syndromic approaches we suspected Kraits as the culprit in three cases and Cobra in one case. Time period between bite and attend to hospital ranged from 4 hr to 16.30 hours. All victims had inappropriate application of tourniquet to their limbs as a first aid management. Most of them first visit OZHA (traditional healer). Two of them developed respiratory failure. All cases were managed in ICU with polyvalent ASV. One developed anaphylaxis which was managed with adrenaline. All patients recovered completely.
Conclusion: Arrival to hospital without delay, facilities for management with trained physicians and proper supply of ASV may reduce death from snake bite and reduce financial burden to the patient. Developing public awareness to remove prejudice about snakes and identifying venomous snake bite is also necessary.
J MEDICINE JAN 2021; 22 (1) : 72-76
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Dichek, Nataliia, and Oksana Kravchenko. "To the origins of social education in Ukraine (the 1920s): humanism or proletarian expediency?" SHS Web of Conferences 142 (2022): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214201002.
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The paper analyses the phenomenon of social education (herein after abbr. sotzvykh) in Ukraine in the 1920s as a purpose of Soviet power to change the previous imperial system of education. In general, at that time sotzvykh reflected the aspiration of power for upbringing the new generation of educated proletarians with communist views, but in reality, there were efforts to feed, clothe and provide the elementary medical care to the host of different types of children and teenagers under 15. Until the early 1930s, the sphere of education in Ukraine developed differently than in Russia. The emphasis was placed on the imminent death of the family as a social institution, and therefore the education of children and youth should have become the task of the society. In addition, professionalization of school education was recognized as a priority. The aim of the article is to highlight the first in the world’s education history phenomenon (sotzvykh) – both the pedagogical and social–of organising life of children in the post-war country. The goals and ways of implementation Ukrainian sotzvykh in the context of social, ideological and pedagogical aspects of the time are analysed. It is considered that sotzvykh carried out both political and life-saving pedagogical tasks of protecting the child population. Within the framework of sotzvykh in the conditions of poverty and ruin of the post-revolutionary period the general 7-year school education and elimination of illiteracy were carried out.
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Evans, Suzanne. "THE SCENT OF A MARTYR." Numen 49, no. 2 (2002): 193–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852702760186772.
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AbstractScent has long been associated with the world of the gods. Many of the Greek gods were noted not only for having a powerful smell themselves but also for having sensitive noses and taking great joy in the smell of an altar well-stocked by a faithful follower. The Christian tradition is full of stories of martyrs and subsequently saints who had the aroma of sanctity about them. These stories became part of a larger olfactory understanding of the relationship between humans and the divine. Islam also has significant stories of fragrant martyrs set within a tradition which has an appreciation for scent and its ability to communicate the closeness of purity and Paradise. The aroma of sanctity is often described as an incomparably beautiful perfume, but sometimes the description is more specific: florals such as roses, lilies and violets; spices, including cinnamon, cloves, ginger and myrrh; and food such as apples and bread. Tales describing the aroma of sanctity exist from ancient to modern times and are often explained as deriving from the use of incense and perfumes in funerary rites. This explanation however, does not capture the strength of the symbol and its inherent value of joy in overcoming death and sharing in divine immortality. This study considers how scent acts as a form of communication in martyrologies and conforms with their role to spread the message of the value of the faith, overcoming the barriers of illiteracy, different languages and the passage of time.
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Banker, Chirag R., and Latika R. Mehta. "Outcome of pregnancy in gestational diabetes as compared to overt diabetes." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 630. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200349.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia and glycosuria. Diabetes in pregnancy can be defined as pregestational (pre-existing) diabetes or gestational diabetes have type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus. Present study was carried to compare the maternal and perinatal outcome of overt diabetes mellitus as compared to gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) with that of gestational diabetes (GDM).Methods: An observational study was conducted at obstetrics and gynaecology department of a tertiary care center from July 2010 to October 2012 among 23 diabetic women. Seven of them were cases of overt diabetes while 16 were diagnosed during pregnancy. Maternal and fetal outcome were studied. All patients were followed from time of admission to discharge from hospital.Results: mean age of the participants were 26.71±4.89 in overt diabetes as compared to 27.56±4.41 among gestational diabetes. Illiteracy, low socio-economic status, rural residence, family history of diabetes was also high in overt diabetes mellitus as compared to GDM but none of them was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Intrauterine fetal death was more among GDM (37.5%) as compared to overt diabetes (28.57%). Prematurity and LBW were also high in overt diabetes as compared to GDM but none of them were statistically significant. Oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios and premature rupture of membrane were higher in gestational diabetes mellitus as compared to overt diabetes among women. Rate of LSCS were higher in gestational diabetes.Conclusions: Diabetes whether over or gestational is responsible for the poor outcome of the pregnancy so tight control is needed.
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Elyamani, Rida, Abdelmajid Soulaymani, and Hind Hami. "Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in Morocco: A Systematic Review." Review of Diabetic Studies 17, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1900/rds.2021.17.57.
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OBJECTIVE: To provide a systematic review of studies on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their risk factors in the Moroccan population. METHODS: A systematic analysis was performed based on PRISMA guidelines by retrieving data bases (Medline, Embase, and other) using technical keywords in addition to manual research on official websites. Published studies in the English or French language, conducted in Morocco or concerning the Moroccan population within the last two decades, were identified. RESULTS: This is the first systematic review of CVD in Morocco. Data from 159 studies were retrieved and analyzed. Most studies were written in the English language (75.89%) and published between 2010 and 2019 (85.47%). The mortality rate caused by CVD in Morocco has reached 38%, with ischemic heart disease and stroke as the main events causing death (31.0% and 22.5% respectively). The risk factors present in the population studied were headed by tobacco smoking (45- 50%), followed by physical inactivity (21.1%), elevated rate of hypertension (25.3%), and depression (5.47%). Impacted by a high rate of illiteracy and poverty and an unprepared health care system in Morocco, these numbers are expected to increase over the next decade. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these alarming incidences, investment in scientific research and epidemiological studies should be increased to determine the needs of the local population. The available evidence shows that the risk of cardiovascular disease and the associated mortality is very high in Morocco and will rise in the next years prospectively, which calls for urgent multi-sectorial approaches and treatment strategies.
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Armstrong-Mensah, Elizabeth Afibah, David-Praise Ebiringa, Kaleb Whitfield, and Jake Coldiron. "Genital Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Children and Women in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of Maternal and Child Health and AIDS (IJMA) 10, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijma.523.
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Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) has adverse health outcomes for women and children. In pregnant women, the infection causes adverse obstetric outcomes including pelvic inflammation, ectopic pregnancy, and miscarriage. In children, it causes adverse birth outcomes such as skin rash, lesions, limb abnormalities, conjunctivitis, neurological damage, and even death. This article discusses genital CT prevalence, risk factors, and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes among women and children in sub-Saharan Africa as well as challenges associated with the mitigation of the disease. A comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar was conducted using keywords such as genital chlamydia trachomatis, adverse pregnancy outcomes, adverse birth outcomes, and sub-Saharan African. We found that genital CT prevalence rates in some sub-Saharan Africa countries were higher than others and that risk factors such as the lack of condom use, having multiple sexual partners, and low educational levels contribute to the transmission of the infection. We also found that negative cultural practices, illiteracy among women, and the lack of access to screening services during pregnancy are some of the challenges associated with CT mitigation in sub-Saharan Africa. To reduce genital CT transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, efforts must be made by country governments to eliminate negative cultural practices, promote female literacy, and provide access to screening services for pregnant women. Copyright © 2021 Armstrong-Mensah et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
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Prabhakar, Jenna, J. Sushma, B. V. S. Kartheek, A. Bhagya Lakshmi, and Chapara Vaibhav. "Study of soft tissue sarcomas over a period of 3 years." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 6 (May 27, 2017): 2678. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172469.
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Background: Soft tissue malignancies constituted a heterogeneous group of rare solid tumors of mesenchymal cell origin with distinct clinical and pathological features. The aim of the study was to know the prevalence of soft tissue sarcoma, sex, age and site distribution, histopathology and various treatment options adopted with follow up.Methods: A total of 26 cases of soft tissue sarcoma were analyzed for a three-year period. Clinical presentation, age and sex distribution, histological type and treatment modalities adopted were recorded and analyzed.Results: Out of 26 cases 44% of cases were between 30-50 years and 44% of tumors were situated in lower extremity. The commonest histological type was liposarcomas and fibrosarcoma. Lymph node metastasis was seen in 4% of cases. Distant metastasis was present in 3 cases, 2 with lung metastasis and l with lung and liver metastasis. Surgery was the main modality of the treatment. 12% of the cases presented with recurrent tumor, the duration between surgery and recurrence was 6 months. Only 38% turned for follow up, 2 patients succumbed to death because of multiple pulmonary secondaries and chest infections.Conclusion: In the present study, all the cases of soft tissue sarcoma presented in late stage of the disease due to illiteracy and lack of health education. Recurrence was seen in 12% of cases. The overall survival rates and quality of life of the patients can be improved by frequent health camps at primary health centers for early detection of the disease, providing adequate health education, diagnostic and management facilities.
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Syed, Ahsan A., Aysha Almas, Quratulain Naeem, Umer F. Malik, and Tariq Muhammad. "Barriers and perceptions regarding code status discussion with families of critically ill patients in a tertiary care hospital of a developing country: A cross-sectional study." Palliative Medicine 31, no. 2 (July 10, 2016): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216316650789.
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Background: In Asian societies including Pakistan, a complex background of illiteracy, different familial dynamics, lack of patient’s autonomy, religious beliefs, and financial constraints give new dimensions to code status discussion. Barriers faced by physicians during code status discussion in these societies are largely unknown. Aim: To determine the barriers and perceptions in discussion of code status by physicians. Design: Questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. Setting and participants: This study was conducted in the Department of Medicine of The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 134 physicians who had discussed at least five code statuses in their lifetime were included. Results: A total of 77 (57.4%) physicians responded. Family-related barriers were found to be the most common barriers. They include family denial (74.0%), level of education of family (66.2%), and conflict between individual family members (66.2%). Regarding personal barriers, lack of knowledge regarding prognosis (44.1%), personal discomfort in discussing death (29.8%), and fear of legal consequences (28.5%) were the top most barriers. In hospital-related barriers, time constraint (57.1%), lack of hospital administration support (48.0%), and suboptimal nursing care after do not resuscitate (48.0%) were the most frequent. There were significant differences among opinions of trainees when compared to those of attending physicians. Conclusion: Family-related barriers are the most frequent roadblocks in the end-of-life care discussions for physicians in Pakistan. Strengthening communication skills of physicians and family education are the potential strategies to improve end-of-life care. Large multi-center studies are needed to better understand the barriers of code status discussion in developing countries.