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1
Deed, Stephen, and n/a. "Unearthly landscapes : the development of the cemetery in nineteenth century New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of History, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070627.111502.
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Summary: Written, visual and material evidence demonstrates that the indigenous and immigrant peoples of nineteenth century New Zealand both retained aspects of their traditional burial practices and forms of memorialisation while modifying others in response to their new environmental and social contexts.
Maori had developed a complex set of burial rituals by the beginning of the nineteenth century, practised within the framework of tangihanga. These included primary and secondary burial and limited memorialisation, with practices varying between iwi. Change and continuity characterised the development of Maori burial practices and materials, translated traditional practices into new materials, and new practices into traditional materials. Although urupa came to appear more European, they were still firmly embedded in the framework of tangihanga and notions of tapu.
The nineteenth century settlement of New Zealand occurred at a time of transition in British burial practices, with the traditional churchyard burial ground giving way to the modern cemetery. The predominantly British settlers transplanted both institutions to the colonial context. The cemeteries, churchyards and burial grounds created in nineteenth century New Zealand were influenced by a great number of factors. These included the materials available, the religious and ethnic make up of settler society, regionalism, economic ties, major events, political and social conditions, means of establishment and function.
These processes, events, and influences resulted in a rich yet neglected material culture of urupa, cemeteries, churchyards, burial grounds and lone graves which are today valuable components of our historic and cultural landscapes. Portions of this heritage have already been lost through decay and destruction. Neglect is now the major threat. Part of this neglect is due to the fact that we do not understand our cemeteries, what they show, how and why they have developed over time. Neglect is also engendered by cultural perceptions of what is valuable. While Maori regard urupa and burial places as toanga and sacred sites, Pakeha have tended to ignore their historic cemeteries. Such attitudes have been reflected and enforced by the policy of external agencies such as the New Zealand Historic Places Trust. New Zealand�s nineteenth century cemeteries have a great but under-utilised research potential, which it is important to recognise if we wish to preserve them.
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Dobler, Robert 1980. "Alternative Memorials: Death and Memory in Contemporary America." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10821.
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x, 89 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Alternative forms of memorialization offer a sense of empowerment to the mourner, bringing the act of grieving into the personal sphere and away from the clinical or official realm of funeral homes and cemeteries. Constructing a spontaneous shrine allows a mourner to create a meaningful narrative of the deceased's life, giving structure and significance to a loss that may seem chaotic or meaningless in the immediate aftermath. These vernacular memorials also function as focal points for continued communication with the departed and interaction with a community of mourners that blurs distinctions between public and private spheres. I focus my analysis on MySpace pages that are transformed into spontaneous memorials in the wake of a user's death, the creation of "ghost bikes" at the sites of fatal bicycle-automobile collisions, and memorial tattooing, exploring the ways in which these practices are socially constructed innovations on the traditional material forms of mourning culture.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Daniel Wojcik, Folklore, Chair; Dr. Philip Scher, Anthropology; Dr. Doug Blandy, Arts and Administration
2016-05-28
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Tremper, Kristin. ""When God Takes Away": Gendered Death Customs in Eighteenth-Century Virginia." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/74.
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Rituals surrounding death were social in addition to being religious. Virginians conveyed the status of the deceased through funerals, burials, gravestones, commemoration, and mourning. But these customs greatly differed according to gender, both in what they consisted of and who was responsible for carrying them out. This thesis examines wills, diaries, correspondence, grave markers, prints, and newspapers of eighteenth-century Virginians, which demonstrate the differences in the death customs of men and women. Because of men’s involvement in public activities like business and politics, they gave greater forethought into how acts of remembrance would reflect their positions. Women’s duties were centered on the home and family. This resulted in less elaborate death customs as well as greater responsibility for appropriately attending to the remembrance of others. Despite the overwhelmingly private nature of women’s funerals and burials, gravestones, death notices, and the responsibilities of widowhood briefly brought women into the public realm.
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Tabony, Joanna. "Death, Death, I Know Thee Now!' Mourning Jewelry in England and New Orleans in the Nineteenth Century." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/134.
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Descriptions of mourning adornments in England and New Orleans in the nineteenth century are used to argue that many of the customs of mourning in England -- the designs, themes, and materials -- also were present in New Orleans. This study draws from these observations and sources to suggest that mourning practices involving jewelry and costume became more functional and less formal in both England and New Orleans as the century progressed, while French customs retained and even grew in complexity. The high level of trade between Britain and New Orleans during the nineteenth century, reflected in the jewelry and costume of Louisiana, supports an argument that this new world city was influenced by, absorbed and incorporated social customs and activities that were useful to them, drawn from a wider range of cultures and peoples than perhaps are usually mentioned in historical accounts.
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Huotari, V. (Ville). "Depth camera based customer behaviour analysis for retail." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201510292099.
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In 2000s traditional shop-based retailing has had to adapt to competition created by internet-based e-commerce. As a distinction from traditional retail, e-commerce can gather unprecedented amount of information about its customers and their behaviour. To enable behaviour-based analysis in traditional retailing, the customers need to be tracked reliably through the store. One such tracking technology is depth camera people tracking system developed at VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd.
This study aims to use the aforementioned people tracking system’s data to enable e-commerce style behavioural analysis in physical retail locations. This study is done following the design science research paradigm to construct a real-life artefact. The artefact designed and implemented is based on accumulated knowledge from a systematic literature review, application domain analysis and iterative software engineering practices. Systematic literature review is used to understand what kind of performance evaluation is done in retail. These metrics are then analysed in regards to people tracking technologies to propose a conceptual framework for customer tracking in retail. From this the artefact is designed, implemented and evaluated. Evaluation is done by combination of requirement validation, field experiments and three distinct real-life field studies.
Literature review found that retailing uses traditionally easily available performance metrics such as sales and profit. It was also clear that movement data, apart from traffic calculation, has been unavailable for retail and thus is not often used as quantifiable performance metric.
As a result this study presents one novel way to use customer movement as a store performance metric. The artefact constructed quantifies, visualises and analyses customer tracking data with the provided depth camera system, which is a new approach to people tracking domain. The evaluation with real-life cases concludes that the artefact can indeed find and classify interesting behavioural patterns from customer tracking data.
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Nyanjaya, Ananias Kumbuyo. "A pastoral approach to suppression of the grief process among males leading to death a reflection on an African perspective in Zimbabwe /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10302007-153911/.
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Brophy, Christina Sinclair. "Keening Community: Mná Caointe, Women, Death, and Power in Ireland." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2410.
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Thesis advisor: Kevin O'NeillThis is a study of mna caointe, Irish keening women. Ranging from the semi-professional to the more occasional, mna caointe performed the caoineadh (Irish women's lament) at wakes and funerals and led their communities in the public expression of grief. Their performances included extemporaneously composed, sung, oral elegiac poetry, interspersed with choruses of wailing cries. In addition to praising the deceased, mourning his/her passing, and aggressively criticizing his/her enemies, mna caointe articulated their own concerns and assorted social tensions. Mna caointe grieved incidents of domestic violence and social slights and cursed those who offended them. The practice of the caoineadh originated prior to the Christian period in Ireland and ceased in the early twentieth century. Employing a multitude of diverse source material, this study relies most heavily upon folklore manuscripts held by the Department of Irish Folklore at the National University of Ireland, Dublin in Belfield. Unlike the works of scholars of folklore, music, and literature that have preceded, this study examines mna caointe to better understand the dynamics of colonialism and community and to elucidate moments of innovation involving women and understandings of identity, death, and power. This work chronicles the religious and historical significance of mna caointe, from the medieval period through the twentieth century Irish Diaspora, by contextualizing the practice and performers, in various cultural settings. Throughout these periods, keening and mna caointe were central to both positive and pejorative definitions of "Irish" identity. In medieval mythology, keening was one of the ways otherworldly women demonstrated the intimate connection between the land and those who resided upon it. In the colonial era, British colonists and travel writers cited the caoineadh and mna caointe among the elements that made Irish culture inferior. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, aware of colonizers' disdain, agrarian agitators, Eileen O'Connell (the most famous keening woman), and Daniel O'Connell resorted to folk traditions centered on allegorical women and keening to protest British ascendancy, as well as political and economic injustice. Through their performances, nineteenth century mna caointe managed grief for their communities, mediated between the living and the dead, effected the transfer of the deceased to the afterlife by impersonating supernatural females, and provided women and colonized Irish with tools to rhetorically resist domination. Though economically marginal, for much of the nineteenth century, skilled mna caointe were compensated in ways that demonstrated their value and importance to rural communities. Demographic changes that began before the mid-nineteenth century Irish Potato Famine and accelerated after, especially the rise of strong farmers and the decimation of the laboring poor, resulted in the slow and uneven decline in hiring mna caointe. While Catholic priests and Roman devotions usurped many of their functions, and religious and cultural underpinnings of the caoineadh deteriorated, folk traditions regarding the mediatory role of longhaired mourning women persisted into the twentieth century Irish Diaspora. The legacy of mna caointe can be found in how the Irish ritualized emigration, conceived transatlantic identity, redefined community, and understood the bean si (banshee, i.e. the Irish supernatural death messenger). In sum, Irish history and culture are more fully understood through an examination of mna caointe. Their mythological heritage, religious significance, and legacy demonstrate ways that largely disenfranchised Irish women employed understandings of the transcendent to shape, protest, and change their lives
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
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Powell, Debra. ""It was hard to die frae hame" death, grief and mourning among Scottish migrants to New Zealand, 1840-1890 /." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2484.
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James McGeoch's headstone, which can be seen at the Presbyterian Cemetery in Symonds Street, Auckland, carries a simple sentiment in the Scottish dialect that resonates with first generation migrants everywhere: 'It was hard to die frae hame'. This thesis is an investigation into the experiences of death and mourning among nineteenth century Scottish migrants to New Zealand. It considers the ways in which death, and the framework of social conventions through which it is interpreted and dealt with, might provide evidence for the persistence or renegotiation of cultural behaviours among migrant communities. The focus of this study is on the working classes and in particular those who resided in, and emigrated from, Scotland's larger cities and towns. A complex of ideas and customs informed cultural practices regarding death among the working classes. This thesis highlights the multiple challenges that the process of migration posed to these cultural practices. The ongoing renegotiation of such ideas and customs were important components in the formulation of cultural and religious identities in New Zealand. This thesis is simultaneously an investigation of deathways, a migration study, a consideration of the working class experience, and a tentative venture into the history of emotion. Using a diverse range of sources, including New Zealand coroners' reports, gravestone inscriptions, and personal autobiographical accounts as written in journals, diaries and letters, this study highlights the complexity and variety of migrants' experiences of death and attempts to uncover the multiple meanings of these experiences.
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Callaghan, Brenda Doreen. "Death, burial and mutuality : A study of popular funerary customs in Cumbria, 1700-1920." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ52756.pdf.
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Hartzler, Rachel Nafziger. "Loss as an invitation to transformation living well following the death of a spouse /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Thesis (M.A. in Christian Formation)--Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary, 2004.Abstract. Thesis supervisor: Daniel S. Schipani. Appendix 1: "A Questionnaire for People Who Are (or at One Time Were) Widowed." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-150, 191-194).
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Woodward, Jennifer Kate Alice. "The ritual management of royal death in Renaissance England, 1570-1625." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/107560/.
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This thesis represents the most detailed investigation into English royal funeral ceremonies 1570-1625 yet undertaken. It builds on earlier scholarship dealing with the French royal funeral and with the social history of death and burial in early modern England. When gathering my source material I consulted manuscript and early printed material at the British Library, the Bodleian Library, the Library of Westminster Abbey, the College of Arms and the Bibliothèque Nationale. My approach is to consider royal funeral rituals in terms of performance. I endeavour to place each of the royal funerals in its immediate performance and broader cultural context. The evidence is analysed using an approach which seeks to take account of both the political and affective implications of ritual. Preliminary chapters establish the form of the English heraldic funeral and the French royal funeral, and assess the impact of the English Reformation on funeral ritual. I go on to discuss the funerals of Mary Stuart, Elizabeth I, Prince Henry Stuart, Anne of Denmark and James I respectively. Included is a bridging chapter which briefly summarises the religious and cultural changes which took place under James I and their impact on funeral ritual. Royal funerals are seen as flexible rather than fixed. They were modified to meet changing political needs but such modifications were always in accord with broader cultural trends. My thesis demonstrates that royal funeral rituals were highly dependent on their performance and cultural contexts. The Epilogue looks at the implications my research has for readings of stage representations of funeral ritual and funeral symbolism in Elizabethan and Jacobean drama. I show that royal funerals formed an important aspect of playhouse audience experience. Dramatists exploited that experience to show the operative nature of funeral ritual performance and the potency of its symbols for political propaganda.
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Jindrák, Jiří. "Optimization of Customer Service with Respect to Profitability and Customer Satisfaction: Case study of Hilti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199527.
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The Master's thesis focuses on customer satisfaction and its relationship to profitability, which is becoming an increasingly more relevant topic of daily discussion among the managers across all industries. The search for an optimal strategy that would lead to a consequent increase of both could be compared to a search for the "holy grail" or to an invention of the "perpetuum mobile" of business. The overall goal of my thesis is to design a strategy that would have the abovementioned attributes and would lead to an increase of profitability and customer satisfaction for the Hilti Czech republic and its after-market service. The theoretical part reviews the general academic literature connected with the topic. The practical part focuses on the company Hilti AG - a global premium provider of building construction tools and consumables in B2B segment, and examines especially its after-market service department. The first section of the practical part analyses the outcomes of the qualitative expert in-depth interviews with managers across different business units and departments and with real customers. The second part of the practical part proposes concrete steps that will lead to an increase of profitability and customer satisfaction.
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Minin, Tobias, and Viktor Petersson. "Den moderna modebutiken : Kampen mot hållbar konkurrenskraft inom svenska trasitionella modebutiker." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26595.
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I skuggan av den ökande svenska elektroniska detaljhandeln står en fysisk butikshandel inom mode på sin bristningsgräns. När allt fler konsumenter väljer att konsumera mode genom den digitala världen så kan det få förödande konsekvenser för den fysiska modebutikshandeln. Som ett samlingsbegrepp kring den trend där butiksägare inte längre klarar av att finansiera sina butiker har ordet ‘butiksdöd’ använts. Pandemin Covid-19 har snabbspolat detta fenomen, men studiens respondenter menar att det inte finns en butiksdöd utan att det är den fysiska modebutikshandeln som håller på att moderniseras. Uppsatsen studerar butiksdöden ur ett svenskt modebutiksperspektiv och utforskar hur svenska fysiska modebutiker kartlägger olika värden för att skapa konkurrenskraft. Studien grundas i teorier som tydligt relaterar till konceptutveckling av fysiska modebutiker. Den första teorin är Customer value proposition för att sedan integrera nästkommande teori om utilitaristiska och hedoniska handelsmotivationer. Tredje teorin utgår från kundupplevelse baserat på purpose, priorities och pursuits. Tidigare forskning riktar fokus på hur den fysiska handeln överlag kan applicera CVP, utilitarism och hedonism för att skapa mervärde för modebutiken. Forskningen brister däremot i hur valda teorier i kombination med kundupplevelsen ser ut i svensk butikskontext från ett managementperspektiv, vilket denna studie belyst. Analysresultatet är baserat på ett urval av svenska klädvarumärken som bedriver fysiska butik. En kvalitativ studie har utförts med företagsägare, ledningspersonal samt butiksägare vars svar analyserats för att få svar på uppsatsens syfte. Den insamlade datan från intervjuerna presenteras med utgångspunkt hur respondenterna ser på modeindustrin i dagsläget, men även hur den kommer att utvecklas framöver. Analysresultatet presenterar stegvis en modell utefter nämnda teorier kring hur en modebutik kan omdefiniera eller förstärka konceptets värdegrund, i syfte att skapa hållbar konkurrenskraft. Två grupper baserat på butikskoncept utformades utifrån analysresultatet, varav den ena behållit konkurrenskraft och andra upplevt sämre konkurrenskraft. Grupperna har blivit tilldelade namn som representerar butikens position, De moderna och De traditionella. Resultatet redogör därefter vad som kan tänkas ligga till grund för upptäckten. I uppsatsens diskussion presenteras resultatet från analysen samt aktiviteter som modebutiker inom fysisk modebutikshandel kan tillämpa för att förstärka sin konkurrenskraft gentemot e-handeln. Slutatsen påvisar att många respondenter påverkats av butiksdöden. De moderna som ej upplever butiksdöden arbetar frekvent med aktiviteter och upplevelser medan De traditionella arbetar utefter att minska kundens uppoffring genom effektivisering av inköp. Butiker som blivit påverkade bör därmed prioritera om butikens erbjudande och granska vad som lämpas bäst efter konceptets värdegrund. Studien hoppas att bidra med kunskap till fysiska modebutiksaktörer för att konkurrenskraft gentemot elektroniska detaljhandeln.E-commerce is continuing the path of exponential growth, however it also entails consequences in the retail market. When customers prioritize e-commerce rather than fashion retail shopping, an increasing number of brick-and-mortar stores are closing. The global pandemic Covid-19 has effectively speeded up the pace regarding the phenomenon, though some believe it’s a hoax. This study aims to bring the truth of this phenomenon to light from a swedish fashion retail perspective. The study of fashion retail stores includes efforts taken to maintain competitive advantage. This is accomplished through established theories which have an indirect impact on retail fashion stores ability to maintain competitive advantage. These theories are Customer value proposition, hedonic and utilitarian shopping motivations and customer experience based on 3Ps, which includes purpose, priorities and pursuits. Previous research shows how these theories can be applied in retail stores, however none of them use an approach of a management perspective, which this study aims to do. The method that is used in this study is based on a qualitative research method, using semi-structured interviews. The semi-structured interviews were held individually with thoroughly chosen candidates with competences in the field, such as business owners and managers of a fashion retail store. Throughout the chapter regarding the results, a model is introduced step by step which purpose is to bring additional knowledge to retailers, in hopes that it will increase their competitive advantage. Additionally, two camps were introduced. One who had maintained its competitive advantage and the other who has been affected by the phenomenon and lost its competitive advantage. In the discussion, the results are presented and activities as well as physical experiences retailers can implement are suggested. In conclusion, it is clear that there are two sides. One side has been affected by the phenomenon and lost its competitive advantage, and the other side who has maintained its competitive advantage thanks to activities, retail experiences and a loyal community. Those retailers who were affected the most should therefore redefine their business as to whether they should go online or redesign their retail store concept, in order to achieve sustained competitive advantage. The study aims to contribute with knowledge retailers can use in order to strengthen or redefine their competitive advantage against e-commerce.
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Wåhlin, Landa Helena. "Opresión, crueldad y represión sexual en La casa de Bernarda Alba." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100265.
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Esta tesina presenta un análisis temático de la obra de teatro La casa de Bernarda Alba escrita por Federico García Lorca partiendo de las contribuciones teóricas de Michel Foucault, un enfoque metodológico inspirado por el esquema actancial presentado por Eduardo Jimenez Tornatore así como una visión histórica y biográfica de Martha Ackelsberg y Reed Anderson. Uno de los objetivos es analizar los temas relacionados con la opresión y la represión de los deseos sexuales. Un segundo, mirar las acciones e interacciones entre los personajes y cómo estas reflejan las reglas sociales de corte conservador cumpliendo una función dentro de la obra. Los resultados muestran conflicto y tensión bajo condiciones de dominación, opresión y represión sexual como se señala en cada tema seleccionado a través de iluminar citas, símbolos y descripciones de los actos igual que dibujar paralelos a las teorías sobre la sexualidad y al modelo actancial. Palabras claves: Mujer, Costumbres, Muerte, Matrimonio, Clase, Sexualidad, Opresión, Supresión.This essay presents a thematic analysis of the drama La casa de Bernarda Alba written by Federico García Lorca using theoretical contributions from Michel Foucault, a methodological approach inspired by the work Eduardo Jimenez Tornatore as well as historical and biographical insight from Martha Ackelsberg and Reed Anderson. One objective is to analyze the themes that surface relating to oppression and to the repression of sexual desires. A second, to look at the actions and interactions between the characters and how they relate to the societal rules at the time as well as to their respective function in the drama. The results show conflict and tension under conditions of domination, oppression and repression as pointed out in each selected theme through quotes, symbols, scene descriptions and while drawing parallels to theories on sexuality and to the actantial model.
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Mwandayi, Canisius [Verfasser]. "Death and After-life Rituals in the eyes of the Shona. Dialogue with Shona Customs in the Quest for Authentic Inculturation / Canisius Mwandayi." Bamberg : University of Bamberg Press, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1058947443/34.
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Van, Heerden Gary Paul. "Holding on or letting go?: the resolution of grief in relation to two Xhosa rituals in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1016055.
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The dominant emphasis in Western models of bereavement is on the breaking of bonds with the deceased in order for healing to occur. Failure to let go often leads to a diagnosis of 'pathological grief'. This paper challenges the assumption that death invariably means that the bonds with the deceased have to be severed. Situating Western models of bereavement in a modernist context not only challenges the 'truth' claims of these models, but also facilitates a deconstruction of the elements that contribute to the emphasis on letting go. In contrast to these theories, two Xhosa rituals (umkhapho and umbuyiso) that seek to sustain the bond with the deceased person will be examined. Such rituals demonstrate that it is possible to both maintain the bond and for the bereaved person to move on with their lives. Despite different contexts, it will be argued that these Xhosa bereavement rituals have a contribution to make to Western models of bereavement and some implications for therapy will be explored.
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Ertek, Deniz Sanem. "Symbolic Meaning Of Cemeteries For Users: Karsiyaka Cemetery Case." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607660/index.pdf.
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This thesis evaluates cemeteries as an open space entity of urban land, which conveys high social and cultural values through its sacred and spiritual landscape. These sacred sites are closely integrated into community history and carry social meanings, in addition to their aesthetic and ecological values as an open green areas with its habitats, biological diversity and wildlife reserves. By this study the symbolic and emotional meaning of cemetery from the users’
eyes is investigated and the relationship between users&
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preference and perceived elements among the users of KarSiyaka Cemetery is explored.
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Seretlo-Rangata, Mmakwena Linda. "The psychological meaning of mourning rituals in Botlokwa Community, Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2032.
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Thesis ((M. A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2017.The study explored the psychological meaning of mourning rituals in Botlokwa community, Limpopo Province. The study focused on identifying and describing the types of mourning rituals observed and performed by the participants after the loss of a loved one. Furthermore the study explored the subjective meaning the participants attach to the mourning rituals so as to identify and articulate the psychological themes embedded in the mourning rituals. A total of ten participants (male = 5; females = 5; aged between 40 and 60) were selected using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Thematic content analysis method was used to analyse the data. The three major themes that emerged during data analysis were; a) The types of mourning rituals observed and performed after the death of a loved one; b) the subjective meaning that the bereaved attach to the mourning rituals and c) the psychological meaning embedded in the mourning rituals observed and performed after the death of a loved one. The findings of the study suggest that the mourning rituals performed by the Batlokwa people have significant psychological meanings. These include assisting the bereaved to cope with the death of a loved one, strengthening the bereaved and ensuring that the bereaved are healed and accept the death of a loved one. The study results further shows the different subjective meanings that the bereaved attach to the mourning rituals performed. Furthermore the findings of the study suggest that the participants perform mourning rituals in order to prevent them from misfortunes, illnesses, bad luck and to remove what is perceived as a “dark cloud” hanging over them after the death of a loved one. The findings further suggest that the bereaved benefit psychologically from performing the mourning rituals. One of the benefits is having to let go of the deceased with the knowledge that their loved ones’ soul is resting in peace. The study is concluded by, among others, recommending that psychologists familiarise themselves with different cultural groups and different ways of grieving and mourning within different cultures in order to better understand patients’ different mourning processes.
NIHSS scholarship
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Mulaudzi, N. (Nkhumiseni). "Ancestral consultation : a comparative study of Ancient Near Eastern and African religious practices with reference to 1 Samuel 28:3-25." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41370.
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The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the African and the
Ancient Near Eastern tradition with regard to the ancestral consultation. 1 Samuel 28:3-25 was used
as a point of departure. This text was used because it is the only text in the Hebrew Bible that shows
the act of consulting the dead except those texts explicitly condemning the act.
The study was divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 focused on the introduction and the research
problem. Chapter 2 focused on the study of 1 Samuel 28:3-25 and this was done via and intratextual
and intertextual analysis. The intratextual analysis of 1 Samuel 28:3-25 focused on the
interrelatedness of the text on its literally level. This was done by means of a morphological,
syntactical and structural analysis. The intertextual analysis focused on 1 Samuel 28:3-25 in relation
with other texts in the Hebrew Bible, especially with reference to the practice of ancestral
consultation.
In Chapter 3 the main focus was on the Ancient Near Eastern tradition with regard to ancestral
consultation and thus focused upon extratextual material. In this chapter, Mesopotamian and
Israelite cultural practices were mainly considered. Customs relating to the act of consulting the
dead were studied. It included funerary customs, death and mourning rites, the place and role of the
dead in society. The study concluded that the act of ancestral consultation in the Ancient Near East
was part of their religion. In Ancient Israel, however, it was prohibited by Yahwistic religion.
Chapter 4 focused on ancestral consultation in African tradition. In this chapter, personal
knowledge and experience were also important. Ancestral consultation in Africa is still a living
tradition. The role of the ancestors was studied and also the role that the living have in relation to
their ancestors. In this chapter the role of Christianity in Africa played pivotal role because
Christianity shaped African religion of today. It is clear from the study that African Christianity still
pays tribute to their dead relatives as they are believed to be closer to God. Both Christians and
those who practice traditional religion agree on the role of the ancestors.
In Chapter 5 the researcher brought together the information in Chapters 1 to 4. In that sense it can
be regarded as the climax of the investigation into ancestral consultation as an ancient and modern
cultural and religious practice. This chapter contains a comparison between African and Ancient
Near Eastern tradition regarding ancestral consultation. The chapter indicates that there is a lot to
compare between the two traditions, but one needs to consider the differences in time, religious
perceptions, geography, economic and political background of the two traditions. This should
especially be considered in evaluating the Ancient Near Eastern tradition because it is in the
“archive”; we can only read and learn about it with reference to available sources, while African
tradition is an existing one.
In Chapter 6 the researcher summarised the main findings of the study with special reference to the
research problem as discussed in the first chapter.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Ancient Languages
unrestricted
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Mateus, Sónia Matilde Fonseca. "Acidente vascular cerebral: fatores de risco, exames imagiológicos e repercussões económicas." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16842.
Full textAbstract:
Os acidentes vasculares cerebrais são a primeira causa de mortalidade em Portugal. É uma patologia com vários fatores de risco e mecanismos etiopatogénicos, cujo diagnóstico é possível através de exames complementares de diagnóstico. O diagnóstico, tratamento e reabilitação acarreta muitos custos a nível socioeconómico, sendo importante perceber quais os fatores mais frequentes, onde deve incidir a pesquisa, tratamento e também quais os exames que fornecem informação mais completa e rápida, contribuindo para a formação de um modelo de auxílio à tomada de decisão e obtenção de bons resultados no combate e resposta da doença, otimizando custos. Realizou-se um estudo retrospetivo, descritivo, correlacional com um grupo de 3209 indivíduos que realizaram triplex scan carotídeo e um segundo grupo com 1657 indivíduos sem acidente vascular cerebral.
Antecedentes familiares de doenças cérebro e cardiovasculares, hipertensão arterial, tabagismo, doenças cardíacas embólicas e a dislipidémia em simultâneo com fibrilhação auricular são fatores que revelaram maior influência na probabilidade de ter acidente vascular cerebral de qualquer tipo.
Os indivíduos têm maior probabilidade de morte mais jovens se tiverem acidente vascular cerebral ou fatores de risco como história de tabagismo ou diabetes mellitus. A idade é o fator com maior influência no aumento do risco de morte instantânea após evento.
Ressonância magnética crâneo-encefálica e o triplex scan cervical foram os exames que apresentaram maior sensibilidade na deteção de lesão intra e extracraneana, respetivamente.
Combinando técnicas de análise de decisão em contexto de incerteza e decisão multicritério, analisaram-se várias estratégias de realização do triplex scan cervical e angio ressonância levando em conta o custo e o benefício esperados. Esta análise permitiu identificar três estratégias eficientes (em ordem crescente de custos e benefícios): não realizar nenhum dos exames; realizar apenas o triplex scan cervical; realizar primeiro o triplex scan cervical e, se este for negativo, realizar a angio ressonância; Stroke: risk factors, imagiologic exams and economic repercussions.
Abstract:
Stroke is the first cause of mortality in Portugal. This disease has several vascular risk factors and etiopathogenic mechanisms, whose diagnosis is possible through the aid of various diagnostic exams. The diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation entails substantial social and economic costs. Therefore, it is important to understand which are the most frequent risk factors, that should be emphasized in research and treatment, and also to understand which exams provide a more complete and rapid information, contributing to the development of a decision making model so as to achieve good results in combating the disease while optimizing costs. For this we conducted a retrospective, descriptive and correlational study, with a group of 3209 subjects who underwent carotid triplex scan and a second group of 1657 subjects without stroke.
Family history of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, smoking, embolic heart disease and dyslipidemia simultaneously with atrial fibrillation are factors that revealed greater influence on the probability of having stroke of any kind.
Individuals with stroke or risk factors such as smoking history or diabetes mellitus are more likely to have younger death. Age was the most influential factor in risk increase of instant death after stroke.
The skull-brain and cervical triplex scan were the tests that showed higher sensitivity in the detection of intra and extracreana injury, respectively.
Combining decision analysis techniques in the context of uncertainty and multi-criteria decision making, we analized various strategies for implementing the cervical triplex scan and angiography resonance taking into account their cost and expected benefit. This analysis identified three efficient strategies (in order of increasing costs and benefits): not conduct any examinations; perform only the cervical triplex scan; first perform cervical triplex scan and, if this is negative, perform resonance angiography.
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Aka, Christine. "Unfallkreuze : Trauerorte am Straßenrand /." Münster [u.a.] : Waxmann, 2007. http://www.waxmann.com/kat/1791.html.
Full text
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Fan, HaiYan (LingLing), and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Medical encounters in "closed religious communities" : palliative care for Low German-Speaking Mennonite people." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Anthropology and Health Sciences, 2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3079.
Full textAbstract:
This multi-sited ethnography focuses on beliefs and practices associated with death,
dying, and palliative care among the Low German-Speaking (LGS) Mennonites. The
qualitative data, collected through participant-observation fieldwork and interviews
conducted in three LGS Mennonite communities in Mexico and Canada, show a gap
between official definitions of palliative care and its practice in real life. The LGS
Mennonites’ care for their dying members, in reality, is integrated into their community
lives that emphasize or reinforce discipleship by promoting the practices of mutual aid,
social networks, and brotherhood/sisterhood among community members. This study
also offers ethnographic insights into some difficulties that healthcare providers face
while delivering the “holistic” palliative care services to their patients in general, and to
the LGS Mennonites in particular. Finally, it provides some suggestions that may aid
healthcare providers in developing culturally safe and competent health care services
for the LGS Mennonite people living in Canada.xi, 231 leaves ; 29 cm
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Ngqangweni, Hlonelwa. "‘Gender’ and constructions of spousal mourning among the AmaXhosa in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015647.
Full textAbstract:
Among the AmaXhosa the death of a person is marked by a tradition called ukuzila - the equivalent of the mourning process. As a sign of spousal mourning, and to show respect, the remaining spouse has to put on a marker (be visible). However, it is mostly the woman who is under obligation to show her mourner status by wearing ‘clothes of mourning’. The discriminatory nature of the practice, especially pertaining to visibility and some of the detrimental effects on the widows’ health and safety have been documented by some researchers, but the reasons for the continuity of visibility remain largely unexplored. Taking into account the dynamic nature of ‘culture’, this research explored the discourses deployed in men and women’s constructions of ukuzila specifically focusing on spousal mourning and the continuity of widows’ visibility in spite of their resistance to it. The research used postcolonial feminism drawing on postructuralism as its theoretical lens. This theoretical lens provided useful concepts such as hybridity, visibility, surveillance and power with which to examine spousal mourning and conceptualised people’s subject positions as multiple, fluid and contingent. Furthermore, the research employed thematic and discourse analysis at its methodology. Discourse analysis was employed to identify and analyse the discourses utilised in the constructions of spousal mourning. The research was conducted through focus group discussions held with younger and older urban and rural men and women, as well as interviews held with widows and widowers and key cultural informants. Concerning the question of constructions of spousal mourning for men and women, visibility of the mourner emerged as a central and contentious issue. Some participants were of the view that one could show mourning by engaging in culturally appropriate mourning behaviour, whilst others were of the view that showing one’s mourning had to be visible by publicly displaying mourning through a marker. Another group proposed mourning “by heart”, whereby the mourners’ status could either be inferred from their behaviour, whereas others maintained that behaviour was not mandatory. Various justifications for the continued visibility of widows were advanced. These justifications included showing love and respect to the deceased husband; showing respect to the ancestors; and helping to monitor their own behaviour in order to ensure that it is in line with appropriate mourning behaviour. The continued visibility of widows was also used to regulate the widows’ sexuality. Widows were coerced to put on ‘clothes of mourning’ in order to ‘protect’ them from being approached by men for a relationship during the mourning period. The regulation of the movement of widows was also managed through visibility. Widows’ movements were restricted in order to protect the community from pollution or bad luck. For example, they were not allowed to visit places of entertainment or visit other households. Key discourses identified were the familial-‘ukwenda’, respect-‘hlonipha’, and male sexual drive (MSD) discourse. The familial - ‘ukwenda’ discourse is centred on the idea that one is ‘married to the household’, which includes the nuclear family and wider extended family including ancestors. According to the respect-‘hlonipha’ discourse, respect is due to others on the basis of their age, status, and more especially their gender. Showing respect (hlonipha) necessitates the avoidance of all forms of behaviour and utterances that could be deemed disrespectful. The MSD holds a widespread view of sexuality as a biological drive that resides within each male and it was drawn on to make sense of discontinued visibility among widowers, whilst visibility of widows continued. It is argued that it is these discourses, embedded in the ‘culture’ of the AmaXhosa and upheld by the family that sustain the discriminatory nature of the practice, especially concerning the continued visibility of widows in spite of the resistance that has been voiced.
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Akol, Grace. "Widows' experiences of spousal mourning among AmaXhosa: an interpretative phenomenological study." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/523.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted on the mourning rituals of the AmaXhosa widows of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The study focused on the descriptive presentation of the experiences of the AmaXhosa widows in the Buffalo City municipality of the Province. The study sought to establish the widows’ perceptions regarding the mourning rituals and to interpret their experiences within the context of contemporary cultural, religious, gender and socio-political influences. The experiences among the widows interviewed were found to have a similar context but their perceptions about the mourning rituals were different between the widows younger than 40 years and those older than 50 years. Widows from urban and rural areas of East London, Mdantsane Township and from within a 60 kilometre radius of East London were interviewed. Purposive random sampling was used to identify an equal number of either urban or rural voluntary participants for the study. Structured interviews were held with widows ranging in age from 29 to 91 years. An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the recorded discussions was conducted. The experiences of the AmaXhosa widows during the conduct of the mourning rituals are described. The key findings of the study indicated that most of the widows felt they had to go through the mourning rituals mainly to show respect for their departed husbands and so that the dignity of the family and clan was maintained. The mourning rituals seemed mostly to have negative implications for the widows such as a lack of family and financial support and being treated as social outcasts; however the rituals also seemed to help the women adjust to their new status as widows. Although the mourning rituals were embedded in the socio-cultural tradition generally followed by the AmaXhosa, religious beliefs also influenced some of the traditions by introducing changes in the way some widows conducted the mourning rituals. For example, some religions advocated for shorter periods of mourning than usual as well as wearing different types of mourning clothes from the usual black or purple dress. Overall the perceptions of the older widows aged above 50 years revealed that they had no reservations about performing the mourning rituals and quite readily and unquestioningly accepted the customs. The younger widows aged below 40 years on the other hand felt that the mourning rituals were biased against women and did not serve a useful purpose and even proposed changes to the manner in which the mourning rituals are conducted particularly the shortening of the mourning period from 12 to 6 months or less. However, they seemed to recognize the role played by the mourning ritual in lessening and possibly healing the pain and sorrow caused by their bereavement.
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Baraze, Muhmmad. "Recherches sur les tombes à fosse dans la Syrie antique entre le Ier et le VIlle siècle après J.-C. : espace, architecture et pratiques funéraires." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR30039.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse vise à apporter des connaissances sur le monde des morts dans les tombes à fosse dans la Syrie antique entre le Ier et le VIIIe siècle après J.-C. La cadre géographique concerné englobe la région de l’Orient comprise entre l’Anatolie, la Mésopotamie, l’Arabie, l’Égypte et la Méditerranée. Ce travail cherche à caractériser les lieux d’implantation des espaces funéraires des tombes à fosse, à établir un classement typologique et chronologique de l’architecture funéraire de ce type de tombes et à déterminer les gestes funéraires pratiqués : inhumation ou incinération, dépôt individuel ou pluriel, collectif ou multiple, primaire ou secondaire. Il s’agit aussi d’illustrer l’orientation et la position originelle des corps placés dans les sépultures : disposition du tronc, de la tête, des membres supérieurs et inférieurs. Ce travail vise à observer la localisation des objets déposés dans les sépultures par rapport aux défunts et d’analyser l’ordre dans lequel ils ont été déposés. Au-delà de ces analyses archéologiques et taphonomiques, l’objectif est de savoir s’il existe une évolution ou une variation des pratiques funéraires, selon les zones géographiques ou une période particulière. Il s’agit aussi de vérifier si l’ensemble de la Syrie appartenait à la culture gréco-romaine dans le domaine des pratiques funéraires ou au contraire si la région ou certaines zones géographiques de Syrie, étaient à l’écart de cette cultureThis thesis aims to provide knowledge of the world of the dead in pit graves in antique Syria between the 1st and the 8th century AD. The area under consideration includes the region of the Orient located between Anatolia, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea. This work tries to characterize the location of pit graves, to establish a typological and chronological classification of the funeral architecture of this type of grave and to determine the funeral rites practiced: inhumation or cremation, individual or group, collective or multiple, primary or secondary burial. It is also a question of illustrating the alignment and the positioning of the bodies placed in the graves: the position of the trunk, the head, the lower and upper limbs. This work furthermore attempts to analyze the location of grave objects and the order in which they were deposited. Beyond these archaeological and taphonomic analyses, the objective is to determine whether there is an evolution or a variation in the funeral practices between different geographical zones or during a particular period. It is also a question of verifying whether the whole of Syria belonged to the Greco-Roman culture in the field of the funeral practices or if, on the contrary, the entire region or only certain geographical zones of Syria, remained apart from this culture
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Cantisano, Gabriela. "Aproximações para a fila M/G/s/r+G." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-22122009-184812/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho estuda medidas de desempenho aproximadas em centrais de atendimento, apresentadas pelo modelo M/G/s/r+G. As aproximações são calculadas a partir do modelo M/M/s/r+M(n). Os resultados foram extendidos para o caso de mais de um tipo de cliente, apresentado pelo modelo M/Mi/s/r+Mi(n). Para dois casos particulares com 2 tipos de clientes, as aproximações citadas foram avaliadas numericamente e comparadas com os resultados de referência obtidos através de simulação. Os resultados aproximados comprovam que a aproximação é bastante satisfatória.We study approximations for performance measures of call centers, represented by M/G/s/r+G queueing model. We use the measures computed in the M/M/s/r+M(n) queueing model. The results were extended for more then one type of customer, represented by M/Mi/s/r+Mi(n) queueing model. For two particular cases with two types of customers, the mentioned approaches were numerically evaluated and compared with the results of reference obtained by simulation. The approximate results show that the approach is quite satisfactory.
27
Cocco, Cristina. "Cundannaus a bius: Creencia y representación de los conflictos en una sociedad agro-pastoril de Cerdeña." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399643.
Full textAbstract:
El presente estudio se centra sobre el análisis de la creencia en la bilocación registrada en el área centro-meridional de Cerdeña. Sobre la base de los datos recogidos en el curso de un trabajo de campo, describo la creencia según la cual ciertas personas culpables frente a la comunidad eran condenadas en vida a salir en espíritu como si fuesen almas en pena ante mortem. Los protagonistas de esta creencia eran los ricos propietarios cuyas culpas eran principalmente las de haber explotado al pobre sin medios para defenderse, la avaricia, la práctica de la usura, la incorporación de tierras de manera ilícita y deshonesta y los abusos contra las sirvientes.
Con este trabajo se intenta analizar la creencia en la bilocación de los ricos terratenientes sobre la base de las afirmaciones directas de los informantes e interlocutores entrevistados. A través de sus relatos fue posible describir la figura del condenado en su preciso contexto, que remonta a mediados del siglo pasado. El análisis de los acontecimientos políticos y económicos que caracterizaron la historia de la isla principalmente en los últimos tres siglos, permitió entender la creencia como una forma precisa de contestación hacia los cambios traumáticos impuestos por la política reformista de los Saboya, dirigida a la abolición de los usos comunitarios de amplias porciones de tierra. La nueva clase social de propietarios que surgió de la aplicación de las nuevas leyes acumuló posesiones practicando abusos que provocaron una desaprobación generalizada, con rebeliones e insurrecciones.
Asimismo, relacionando la condena del propietario explotador con ciertas formas de regulación social características de las zonas más centrales de la isla, logré entender de manera más compleja el principio de causa y efecto que rige la estructura conceptual, en que la condena encuentra su coherencia y racionalidad específica. Comparando la creencia en la bilocación del rico terrateniente con otras creencias en que el tema de la salida del alma es central logré destacar sus peculiaridades, y la forma como se constituye en un vehículo de significados cuya complejidad indica en los portadores de estas creencias, un alto nivel de conciencia de si mismo y de sus derechos, garante de una dignidad que sigue siendo percibida como inviolable.
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Marques, Leandro Tolomeu. "Restabelecimento de energia em sistemas de distribuição considerando aspectos práticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-26072018-134924/.
Full textAbstract:
No contexto da operação de sistemas de distribuição, um dos problemas com os quais os operadores lidam frequentemente é o de restabelecimento de energia. Este problema surge na ocorrência de uma falta permanente e pode ser tratado por meio de manobras em chaves presentes na rede primária. Uma vez que tais redes operam com topologia radial, a ocorrência de uma falta pode resultar no desligamento de consumidores saudáveis. Desta maneira, o problema consiste em definir, num curto intervalo de tempo, um número mínimo de chaves que devem ser operadas a fim de isolar a falta e restaurar o máximo de consumidores saudáveis desligados. Os esforços para a obtenção de ferramentas computacionais para fornecimento de soluções para o problema de restabelecimento têm sido intensificados nos últimos anos. Isto ocorre, em especial, devido aos enormes prejuízos causados pela falta de energia às companhias de eletricidade e a toda a sociedade. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho é a obtenção de um método para auxiliar o trabalho dos operadores através do fornecimento de planos adequados de restabelecimento em curtos intervalos de tempo. Os diferenciais deste método proposto são a sua capacidade de: lidar, em especial, com redes reais de grande porte com reduzido esforço computacional; considerar a existência de vários níveis de prioridade de atendimento entre os consumidores (note, por exemplo, que um hospital ou um centro de segurança pública devem ter maior prioridade de atendimento que um grande supermercado ou unidades residenciais) e priorizar o atendimento deles de acordo a sua prioridade; fornecer uma sequência por meio da qual as chaves possam ser operadas a fim de isolar os setores em falta e reconectar o maior número de consumidores saudáveis desligados executando-se o mínimo de manobras em chaves e priorizando os consumidores com maior prioridade; ser capaz de selecionar cargas menos prioritárias para permaneceram desligadas nas situações em que não é possível obter uma solução que restaure todas as cargas saudáveis fora de serviço; e, adicionalmente, priorizar a operação de chaves controladas remotamente, que, diferentemente das chaves controladas manualmente, podem ser operadas com menores custos e de maneira mais rápida. O método proposto consiste, de maneira sintética, na união de uma busca exaustiva aplicada localmente a um novo algoritmo evolutivo multi-objetivo em tabelas de subpopulação que faz uso de uma estrutura de dados eficiente denominada Representação Nó-Profundidade. Para avaliar a performance relativa do método proposto, simulações foram realizadas num sistema de distribuição de pequeno porte e os resultados foram comparados com os obtidos por um método de Programação Matemática. Na sequência, novos experimentos foram realizadas em diversos casos de falta na rede de distribuição da cidade de Londrina-PR e cidades adjacentes. As soluções fornecidas mostraram-se adequadas ao tratamento dos casos de falta, assim como as sequências de chaveamento associadas a elas, as quais foram capazes de priorizar o restabelecimento dos consumidores prioritários seguindo seus níveis de prioridade. Adicionalmente, estudos avaliaram a variação do tempo de processamento computacional do método proposto com a dimensão das redes de distribuições e também com o número de gerações realizadas pelo algoritmo evolutivo multi-objetivo proposto e os resultados mostraram-se satisfatórios às necessidades do problema Portanto, pode-se comprovar que o método proposto atingiu os objetivos especificados, em especial, o tratamento de aspectos práticos do problema. Além do próprio método proposto, algumas contribuições desta pesquisa são a proposição um novo algoritmo evolutivo multiobjetivo em tabelas de subpopulação e de um novo operador para manipulação de florestas de grafo armazenadas pela Representação Nó-Profundidade e voltado ao problema de restabelecimento.In the context of distribution systems operation, service restoration is one of the problems with which operators constantly deal. It arises when a permanent fault occurs and is treated trough operations in switches at primary grid. Since distribution systems are usually radial, fault occurrence turns-off healthy customers. Thereby, the service restoration problem consists in defining, in a short processing time, the minimum amount of switches that must be operated for the isolation of the fault and reconnection of the maximum amount of healthy out-of-service customers. The efforts of developing computational tools for getting solution to this problems has increased in the last years. It is, in special, due to enormous losses caused to the utilities and to the whole society. In this sense, the main objective of this research is getting a method able to help the distribution system operator\'s work through providing service restoration plans quickly. The differentials of this research are its ability to: deal, in special, with large scale grids whit a reduced computational effort; consider costumers of several priority levels (note, for instance, a hospital has a higher supply priority in relation to a big supermarket) and prioritize the higher priority customers; provide a switching sequence able to isolate and reconnect the maximum amount of healthy out-of-service customer by the minimum amount of switching actions; select lower priority customers to keep out-of-service in order to reconnect higher priority customers when a it is not possible to restore all customers; and, additionally, prioritize switching operation in remotely controlled switches, whose operation is faster and cheapest than the operation of manually controlled switches. The proposed method mixes a local exhaustive search and a new multi-objective evolutionary algorithm in subpopulation tables that uses a data structure named Node-Depth Encoding. For evaluating the relative performance of proposed method, simulations were performed in small distribution systems and the performance was compared with the performance a Mathematical Programing method from literature. New experiments were performed a Mathematical Programing method from literature. New experiments were performed in several fault situations in the real and large-scale distribution system of Londrina-PR and adjacent cities. The solutions provided were appropriated to the treatment of such contingency situations. The same occurs with the switching sequences provided, which were able to prioritize the restoration of higher priority customers. Additional studies evaluated the variation of the running time with the size of grids and with the values adopted for the maximum number of generations of the evolutionary algorithm (which is an input parameter). The results expressed the running time of the proposed method is suitable to the problem needs. Therefore, it could be proved the proposed method achieved the specified objectives, in special, the treatment of practical aspects of the problem. Besides the proposed method, some contributions of this research are proposition of a new multi-objective evolutionary algorithm in subpopulation tables and a new reproduction operator to manipulate graph forests computationally represented by Node-Depth Encoding.
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Strati, Susanna School of Arts UNSW. "In black: the performative and transactional objects in death." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44092.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigates particular ways that memorialising and mourning can be made manifest through public commemorative objects and spaces such as memorials and through smaller scale personal mementos. It also examines ways that these physical reminders can act as repositories and markers for memory, and as metaphors for identity. In particular the research is focussed on Traditional Southern Italian customs, reflecting on the ways that keepsakes and the cenotaph can provide allegories for declining cultural practices of Southern Italian migrants in Australia. The data collected for this thesis is based partly on participant observation, and on informal conversations with migrants from Southern Italy, regarding their funerary practices and stories told about the rural areas left behind in Italy. Research of visual and published material in the area of memorialising and memorial object are examined in order to gain an understanding of the language of death. The thesis also examines the use of Catholic religious objects in what anthropologist Per Binde has coined 'transactional acts', during supplication and remembrance and during times of mourning. An exploration of memorial and memento objects, by contemporary practitioners including Christian Boltanski, Lindy Lee, Julie Blyfield and Maya Lin has also been included. Inclusion of contemporary artists reflects on how memorials continue to play an important role in today's society as well as being integral in reflecting identity and maintaining connections with the past. Investigation of this genre is expressed through the research document and a body of studio-based research connected to the traditions of Memorialising. The studio research is expressed in the exhibition 'In Black' through the language of Catholic religious objects, memory boxes, personal mementos and cultural signifiers in wax, metal, and installation. These works, as time capsules are filled with significant representations of individuals and events that evoke memories through depictions of life, significant places and words descriptive of time and place.
30
Tsai, Yiou-Ling, and 蔡侑霖. "The first research of the death customs in Taichung--Viewing the the revelution of death customs from the differences between the city and countryside." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80760848890577334378.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南華大學
生死學研究所
89
Summary My research is to investigate the death customs in the urban area and the suburbs in Taichung. Through the questionnaires of elementary school teachers, I’d like to know what people think of the death customs nowadays, and furthermore, to make some appropriate changes of them to satisfy people’s demands nowadays. I divide my research into six chapters. Chapter One is the preface of the research.. This chapter is about research motivations, objectives, contents of research, goals and achievements; it is to explicit the direction of the research and how it works. Chapter Two is the research of documentation, including the research of the progress of Chinese death customs in every dynasty, the viewpoints of Buddhism and Taoism, and also the contemporary scholars’ analysis and the related laws and regulations and of the death customs. Chapter Three is the analysis of the contents of death customs in Taiwan. It is to search the origins and the future trends of death customs of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism inasmuch as to relate to the death customs in Taichung. Chapter Four is to investigate the death customs of Taichung city and the suburbs. I find out some differences in death customs between the death from natural causes and death from unnatural causes though the interviews with people. Chapter Five is the investigation of the viewpoints of the people nowadays. Through the questionnaires of elementary school teachers in Taichung, I try to find out the possible directions of the death customs in the future by knowing people’s viewpoints and reactions. Chapter Six is the conclusion and the suggestions. This chapter compiles the research results in order to provide suggestions and reconstruct the process of the death customs according to the investigation I’ve done.
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"Management of death in Hong Kong." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890395.
Full textAbstract:
Chan Yuk Wah.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-143).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract (English) --- p.ii
Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii
Acknowledgement --- p.iv
List of Plates --- p.v
Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter II. --- Funeral History and Funerals Today --- p.17
Chapter III. --- Packaging Traditions: Commercialization of Funerary Services --- p.38
Chapter IV. --- Management of the Body --- p.57
Chapter V. --- Management of the Soul --- p.74
Chapter VI. --- Management of Death Pollution --- p.95
Chapter VII. --- Conclusion: Social Transformation and Cultural Persistence --- p.111
Appendices --- p.118
Plates --- p.124
Bibliography --- p.130
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"Entering the new age of death care--: what else can a funeral home offer?" 1998. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889403.
Full textAbstract:
by Cheung Chi-Wing, Julian, Lo Chi-Yun.Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-56).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vii
Chapter
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Terminology --- p.2
Scope of the Study --- p.4
Literature Review --- p.5
Methodology --- p.6
Chapter II. --- CONSUMER ANALYSIS --- p.8
Who will be the Customers --- p.8
Death Care Goods and Services: A High Involvement Purchase --- p.9
Complex Decision Making Process --- p.10
Two Underlying Factors Affecting the Chinese in Purchasing Decision of Death Care Services --- p.12
Confucian Values --- p.12
"Superstition and""Feng Shui""" --- p.13
Four Main Types of Consumer --- p.16
Chapter III. --- ANALYSIS OF DEATH CARE INDUSTRY --- p.19
Death Care Products (Goods and Services) in Hong Kong --- p.19
Existing Players --- p.22
Current Practices of Industry Players --- p.23
Demand for Death Care Goods and Services --- p.25
Analysis of the Performance of Funeral Homes of Hong Kong --- p.26
The Perception of Death Care Providers --- p.29
Deficiency in Existing Service --- p.31
Chapter IV. --- PROPOSAL FOR INTRODUCING FREE GRIEF COUNSELING SERVICE IN FUNERAL HOMES --- p.34
Bereavement Counseling in Hong Kong --- p.34
The Jessie and Thomas Tam Centre --- p.34
The Market Potential of the Service --- p.36
Problems and Constraints of the Centre --- p.37
Reasons behind Our Proposal --- p.37
Contents of the Proposal --- p.39
Setting up a Grief Counseling Division --- p.39
Enhancing Communications with Other Bereavement Counseling Service Providers --- p.41
Promotion of the Service --- p.42
Actual Delivery of the Service --- p.42
Pros and Cons for Funeral Homes as Counseling Service Providers --- p.44
Chapter V. --- CONCLUSION --- p.48
APPENDIX --- p.50
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.54
33
Hsu, Chieh-Lung, and 徐傑龍. "An In-depth Discussion Of Female Customer Loyalty in Wealth Management." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32616227565829345315.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
金融研究所
98
According to Harvard Review (Sep. 2009), of the global consumers’spending, women’s consumption contributed 20 trillion dollars, and the amount is expected to rise up to 28 trillion dollars in the next five years. Generally speaking, “women” represents an important market and should not be underestimated. The GDP that women contributed to globally is more than twice of the GDP that China and India made together. In 2008, when the financial crisis broke out, three quarters of the unemployed were men in the United States. It may be explained by the fact that women were more likely and more willing to do the part-time job although their average salary was still lower than men’s. From this point, while the economy is turning better, “women” represents a great purchasing power, and banks should not neglect the profit they may bring in business of wealth management. The purposes of my research are described as below: First, discovering the relationship among different characters of women and the financial products they tend to buy, and their loyalty to the financial products. Hopefully it could offer the wealth management industry an insight to marketing strategy development. Second, help the financial industry to do the market differential analysis, and to develop a better strategy for “female wealth management” and further enhance performance of their wealth management business. The result of this research shows that there is a positive correlation between customer loyalty and some factors, such as brand equity, product integrity, financial specialists’ personality, service quality, and relationship quality in purchasing wealth management products for different groups of female customers. Among them, product integrity is the most significant factor to those female customers who seek stability, and financial specialists’ personality is most representative impact on those women consumers who are smart and active. This research result could serve as reference for marketing practices of the wealth management while management is confronted with different groups of female customers.
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Lin, Ting-Yun, and 林庭筠. "The Study on the Relationship between Experiential Depth and Customer Loyalty of Restaurants." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41399832203387351125.
Full textAbstract:
碩士世新大學
觀光學研究所(含碩專班)
104
In recent years, the value within the restaurant industry has grown rapidly to the extent that the restaurant industry itself has been seen as a major source of economic growth. As people change their consumerism habits, the modern lifestyle has gradually put more focus on life quality, so the restaurant has become an integral of part Taiwanese people’s lives. From the perspective of the customer, when entering a restaurant he or she will be influenced in terms of the different experiences offered by the meals available, the service, and the environment. In addition to the demands of hunger, many of the consumers enter restaurant for their own special requirements and motivations, such as meeting with friends and family, business dinners, or to experience the best service environments. After reviewing past research on loyalty, it is more biased on recreational leisure experiences, marketing experiences, value experiences, physical environments, the effect of brands on customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. However, there was no detailed literature available related to the experiential depth of restaurant customers in terms of customer satisfaction and loyalty. This study suggests that there is a difference in the experiential depth between the new and old customers in the restaurant dining experience, therefore the research subjects were new and old customers at an affordable Italian restaurant in Taipei. Customers’ experiences in the restaurant were used to gain an in-depth understanding of the conceptual difference related to the experiential depth of the restaurant, and then to further explore the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty. The results of the research showed that: (1) there was significantly higher experiential depth for old customers over new customers in in terms of emotional and behavioral experience. (2) The experiential depth of restaurant customers showed a significantly positive correlation to customer satisfaction and loyalty. (3) The customer satisfaction showed a significantly positive correlation to loyalty. (4) In terms of satisfaction, old customers had significantly higher results than new customers for overall satisfaction, staff satisfaction, and product satisfaction. (5) In terms of loyalty, for old customers the overall loyalty, the willingness to come eat at the restaurant again, the willingness to recommend the restaurant to others, behavior, and attitude were all significantly higher than the results from new customers.
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Daber, Benedicta N. "The gendered construction of mourning and cleansing rites of widowhood amongst the Zulu speaking people of Ndwedwe community, KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4375.
Full textAbstract:
The gendered construction of mourning and cleansing rites of widowhood was studied
amongst the Zulu community of Ndwedwe, 70 kilometres north of Durban in the KwaZulu-Natal
province of South Africa. These cultural rites were investigated through in-depth
interviews with six widowers and twelve widows. Respondents were asked about their
experiences and perceptions regarding their compliance to the two rites. An analysis of these
experiences, which were translated and transcribed into English, was carried out, using
studies from other cultures internationally and locally as reference point, for the study. It was
revealed that mourning rites, which follow death of a spouse can be stressful for both genders
and must be observed strictly by the use of black or any mourning dress. The period of
mourning is characterised by isolation and stigmatisation especially for the widows.
Cleansing is a symbolic act that purifies all members of the household from defilement by
death. This is done for all relatives following burial but a widow remains impure not less than
one year of 'successful' mourning in most cases, before she is cleansed and is then absolved
into society's normal life. This study has revealed that mourning and cleansing rites have
psychological and physical health implications for both genders but with more negative
impacts on widows than widowers.Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, 2003.
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Govender, Rajendran Thangavelu. "A comparative ethnography of rituals and worship among Hindus and Zulus in South Africa with special reference to death rituals and ancestor veneration." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2698.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the similarities and differences between the historical background and the current performance of Hindu and Zulu funerals and associated ceremonies. After presenting an account of the historical development of the Hindu and Zulu communities in South Africa, a chronological account of the performance of each of these funeral ceremonies are presented. This account includes a detailed description of the rituals performed when a person is on his/her death bed, the actual funeral ceremonies and the post death rituals and ceremonies associated with ancestor veneration. The incidence and significance of The Anthropology of Geste and Rhythm in each of these ceremonies are demonstrated according to the theory of Marcel Jousse. The Hindu and Zulu ceremonies are then analysed and interpreted to demonstrate an individuals life crises which Van Gennep called the "Rites of Passage" and distinguishes three phases: separation, transition, and incorporation. The discussion accounts for the transmission of traditions over generations, and which demonstrate the anthropological and psychobiological nature of memory, understanding and expression as evident in the performance of Hindu and Zulu funerals and ceremonies and the manner in which the ancestors are venerated in South Africa. The research was undertaken mainly in Kwa-Zulu Natal. However to fill research gaps in the Hindu investigation a study was undertaken in some parts ofIndia as part of the Ford Foundation International Fellowship Programme.Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007.
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Appel, Denise Lillian. "Narratives on death and bereavement from three South African cultures." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/5688.
Full textAbstract:
This Social Constructionist study originated from the researcher’s exposure to a significant loss and her unanswered questions about other cultures’ experience of grief. Literature is scarce from a social constructionist framework that focuses on the cultural experiences on death and bereavement from a South African perspective.
The researcher’s aim was to provide three culturally diverse South African women constructed as ‘bereaved’ the opportunity to tell their stories of the death of a loved one and their bereavement thereof. The three diverse cultures were Tswana, Islamic Muslim and Afrikaans. A qualitative research method was employed. Unstructured, in-depth interviews were conducted with each of the three participants and the method used to analyze the collected data was thematic content analysis.
The study allowed rich and valuable information about death and bereavement from three culturally diverse women to emerge. The themes of ‘mourning procedures and practices’, ‘bereavement behaviour’ ‘socio-political context’ and ‘private and public display of grief’ were identified as valuable areas for clinical practice and future research. Lay people, schools and the work environment too, will gain a better understanding of cultural differences on death and bereavement.Psychology
M.A. (Psychology)
38
Chuang, Yen-Chen. ""When coldness traps this suffering clay" mourning, death, and ethics in Sophocles, Shakespeare, and Joyce /." 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000052285.
Full text
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Mtalane, Lissah Joyce Themba. "The experiences of death and dying of Zulu patients, their families and caregivers." Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7097.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis studies the impact of the terminal illness and
awareness of undergoing the dying process and inevitable death, at
the KwaZulu Government hospital Ngwelezana, at Empangeni in the
Lower Umfolozi District. A case study, drawing both upon nursing
and social anthropology, was conducted to establish the
experiences of death and dying of Zulu patients, their families
and caregivers. The basic trend reflected in the findings is the
need to discuss dying with patients, the lack of skills and
knowledge on the part of caregivers, lack of recognition of
patients' cultural beliefs. The study does not claim to deal with
a complete spectrum of the experiences of death and dying of all
Zulus but is a meaningful and significant innovation into an
unresearched area of patient care.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1989.
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LIN, CHUNG-SHE, and 林仲曦. "The Influence of Organizational Performance by the Indulged Depth of Operational Strategy and Customer Relationship Management." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43663252224077724653.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
高階管理碩士在職專班
94
The management strategy of each corporate should have the goal of target expected to be reached, and only via the measurement of organizational performance be able to understand the corporation if reach the pre-setting goal & the effectiveness of execution result. While most business corporations were interested in enhancing the customer relationship management to raise the organization performance, if the management strategy and customer relationship management really influence the organizational performance became the most suspected & curious subject. To collect data by questionnaires survey is the main tool for this study. First portion explained the design of questionnaires and the process flow of collection, second portion illustrated the targets to be researched or investigated. Third portion, the last, was the structure of questionnaires which defined the questioned items of the study variants and its sources. Based on the study purpose, the characteristics of investigated dimensions and the collected data out of those questionnaires, data were analyzed by statistical method with SPSS software as tool for statistical analysis. Strong correlation in-between business management strategy and CRM was verified, from the result of this study, which meant that the CRM was adopted into most domestic corporates’ business strategy and customer satisfaction could be reflected from sincerity. In addition, the define of corporate strategy was tightly related to organization performance. From the result of this study, a promising relationship was found in between the corporate strategy and organizational performance. Also, the CRM can predict the organizational performance effectively. Only with continuous improving the faulty services and with innovation of service quality, can really crate customer’ satisfaction and then create market sharing effectively. To maintenance or sustain the organizational performance in the extremely challenging world, high level of customer’ satisfaction establishment is the core solution.
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CHAN, TSAI-CHEN, and 詹采蓁. "The Research on the Relationship between Financial Managers and Wealth Management Customers Using In-depth Interview." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e5hmy5.
Full textAbstract:
碩士實踐大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
106
The spread between deposit interest rates and lending interest rates were the main source of incomes for financial institutions in the past. However, spread incomes are no longer to support profitability given the lowering interest rates. In the meantime, the meager interests from termed deposits can no longer satisfy the needs of the investing public. More and more people seek high-yield products for personal financial management. As a result, the risk-free service incomes of the wealth management business have become an important profitability source for financial institutions in Taiwan and overseas. It is imperative that financial advisers provide quality services and demonstrate professionalism to enhance the satisfaction and loyalty of wealth management customers. In other words, financial advisors play a pivotal role in the growth of wealth management business. This paper seeks to offer benchmarks and insight to the management of domestic and overseas financial institutions by providing theoretic and practical perspectives. This study conducted in-depth interviews to gauge the levels of importance placed by wealth management customers on the following factors: relationship quality, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, professionalism of financial advisors and the branding power of the banks. The purpose is to understand whether the services rendered by financial advisors and the banks meet the expectation of wealth management customers, and identify the areas in need of improvement. This study sampled 12 high-net-worth customers of a financial institution in the questionnaire survey in order to explore the relationship between personal finance management and the services provided by financial advisors in financial institutions. A number of interviewees indicated that their willingness to establish trust in financial advisors starts with whether these advisors are able to clearly explain financial products. Only with trust as a foundation can a long-term mutually beneficial relationship be built. In other words, the professionalism of financial advisors is essential to the services perceived by wealth management customers and the purchase of financial instruments by these customers. A high level of professional competences helps the rendering of quality financial planning by advisors. This will enhance the purchase willingness and loyalty of wealth management customers. In sum, trust and satisfaction as metrics of relationship quality form the foundation of the relationship between wealth management customers and financial advisors. This combined with the professionalism and differentiated services of financial advisors is critical to their performances.
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Zeid, Nadim Abou. "The mystery of death-life in the Maronite Catholic Church." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/862.
Full textAbstract:
This study reflects the belief systems of a nation living their lives as though in exile. It is
also an 'echo' of their spiritual journey, stretching from the dawn of humanity until the
time of Jesus Christ. It is the testimony of the people who lived in Phoenicia, Antioch,
and the holy mountains and valleys of Lebanon.
From the time of early Christianity they structured their beliefs according to the general
admonition and teaching of the Scripture, and looked forward to the imminent 'return' of
Christ. They lived in an atmosphere of preparation for the ready welcome of the
'heavenly Bridegroom'.
The background to and the reasoning supporting this study and exposition, is that of
understanding the history, spirituality, and the ritual deriving from the beliefs and thought
systems of the Christians of the Maronite Catholic Church, and their understanding of the
hereafter. It is an attempt to relate the many factors which comprise the 'life' and ritual,
the biblical foundation, and the theological and eschatological views of the Maronite
Church and its members.Christin Spirituality, Church History and Missiology
M. Th. (with specialisation in Christian Spirituality)
43
Ngobese, Wilmot Ronald Musa. "The continuity of life in African religion with reference to marriage and death among the Zulu people." Diss., 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1263.
Full textAbstract:
The world has become more and more religiously plural. It is therefore essential to acknowledge the meaningful aspects in the essence of all religions, including African Religion.
The dissertation seeks to highlight the concept, ”continuity of life” in African Religion. Special emphasis is placed on the Zulus due to the vastness of the African continent. Three areas are investigated to show that there is the belief in life after death in African Religion, as it is the case with all great world religions, such as Judaism, Islam and Christianity. These are the sacredness of life, marriage with the gift of children as a blessing from the ancestors, as well as rites and ceremonies associated with death which show that the dead are still alive in a mysterious form.
The conclusion is therefore that African Religion has a world status and should be included amongst the great world religions.Religious Studies and Arabic
M. Th. (Biblical Studies)
44
VÍTKOVÁ, Jana. "Romové a jejich postoj ke smrti a umírání v dnešní době: Romský pohřeb." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-172736.
Full textAbstract:
The degree work deals with the present attitude of Romanies to death and dying, and especially the Romany funeral. The work aim is the reflexion on the Romany perspective of death and dying including their special characteristics (customs, rituals, traditions) in view of these days. The work is divided into four chapters, in which theoretical and practical knowledge is entwined and complemented. The first three chapters dwell on death, life after death and funeral rituals in general, and further on Romany history connected to their death and dying and contemporary Romany funeral traditions, including Romany faith in afterlife and spirits of the dead. The last chapter of the degree work summarizes the knowledge of the previous three chapters, and it is the very mentioned reflexion of the attitude of Romanies to death and dying.
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Martin, Catherine Ellen. "Baring the breast in Homer and Attic tragedy : death, dunning and display." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21711.
Full textAbstract:
Breast-baring occurs in fifth century Attic tragedy in a variety of situations, but almost always within a mournful context. Many connotations of the naked breast—vulnerability, womanhood, motherhood, and voluntary humiliation—can be evoked. Breast-baring can be a precursor of the death of the woman who exposes herself or of the death of the person to whom she makes the gesture. The most commonly represented context is the supplication of a son by a mother, a topos which finds its origin in Hecuba’s supplication of Hector (Il. 22.79-89). As a consistent failure, breast-baring during supplication reinforces the idea, commonly held in the society of the time, that female power is inferior to male power. The motivations for the gesture will be examined both within the respective literary contexts and within the society of the period.Classics and World Languages
MA (Classical Studies)
46
Hwata, Benny. "Christianity under indigenous leadership in Zimbabwe : whither the church's inculturation of the Shona views on death and afterlife." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27303.
Full textAbstract:
Early Christian missionaries alienated Shona people from their culture and traditional religion. Essential elements of Shona religion were rejected because they were thought to be entertaining paganism, fetishism and idolatry. More than a century of Christianity in Zimbabwe has passed and some Shona still hold on tenaciously to their ancestral religion. The missionaries did not understand Shona language and may have been ignorant of the significance of the Shona religion to the Shona people. However, with the transfer of power from colonial masters to black rule, one would have expected parallel changes concerning creative integration of indigenous cultural values with the Gospel. But today, forty years after independence, not a single Church denomination in Zimbabwe (Mainline Churches, Evangelical Churches and Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches) seems to have made any ‘meaningful adaption’ of the Shona views on death and afterlife, in the light of the Bible, and in particular, the Gospel. Several elements in Shona traditional beliefs on death and afterlife have been proposed for inculturation. In spite of the proposals put forward by various scholars, even the indigenous Church leaders in Zimbabwe seem to have failed to fully adapt the Shona views into the Christian Gospel message, despite the fact that they fully understand and appreciate the Shona culture and values. A literature review will help to extract information from current and past studies underlying this field. The principles followed on comprehending and solving problems, and the methods and methodology employed in the study, will be made explicit. A detailed examination of the Shona views on death and afterlife which the Zimbabwean Church is expected to possibly incorporate into their worship, and the precepts on the eschatological perspective of Christianity on death, resurrection and afterlife, will be conducted. Definition and analysis of the terms ‘dialogue’ and ‘inculturation’, and the progress achieved on dialogue and inculturation, by the Church in Zimbabwe, will follow. The challenges confronting the Church in Zimbabwe, and the Shona Christians, will be investigated, while theological arguments will be employed to identify gaps in knowledge in the previous literature. The study will suggest possible proposals on the way forward.Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology
PhD. (Systematic Theology)
47
Chitakure, John. "Death rituals among the Karanga of Nyajena, Zimbabwe: praxis, significance, and changes." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27543.
Full textAbstract:
This study was about death rituals among the Karanga of Nyajena, Masvingo, Zimbabwe, who are a sub-group of the Shona people. This inquiry’s primary purpose was tripartite in outlook. First, it described the Karanga causes of sickness and death, and Karanga death rituals. Second, it explored the significance of these rituals to the Karanga people. Third, the study traced and identified the changes in the practice and significance of some of the rituals. The overall goal of this inquiry was to compose a brief manual for the performance of some of the Karanga death rituals. The inquiry divided the Karanga death rituals into three major categories, namely, pre-burial rituals, burial rituals, and post-burial rituals. The investigation employed qualitative research traditions, particularly ethnography, in the collection and interpretation of the relevant research data, in pursuit of the goals mentioned above. Postcolonial theory was used to give a theoretical framework to this study. This study was necessitated by the need of a written manual on the performance of Karanga death rituals. The study compiled the participants’ narratives concerning the praxis, meaning, and changes in the Karanga death rituals in an attempt to analyze and write them down for posterity. The inquiry found out that although the praxis of the rituals was still rememberd by many Karanga people, some of them were no longer performed, and their significance had been lost. Although the study acknowledged the inevitable dynamism of culture, it held that every ethnicity should have some cultural or religious constants so that its identity is not lost. Hence, the Karanga of Nyajena should retrace their footsteps back to their death rituals in order to rediscover and reaffirm their battered cultural identity and integrity.Religious Studies and Arabic
D. Phil. (Religious Studies)
48
Davidson, James Michael. "Mediating race and class through the death experience: power relations and resistance strategies of an African-American community, Dallas, Texas (1869-1907)." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1184.
Full text
49
Hsiang, Hung Yu, and 洪郁翔. "A Study of Relationship with the Effects of Discount depth, Brand Awareness, the Process of Customer Perception on Product and Purchase Intention." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25697227374964776120.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國文化大學
國際企業管理研究所
94
Recently, the fashion industrial in Taiwan are over-competitive, and environment changed rapidly by the force from international trading and information flow had been developing very well in current fashion industrial market. Therefore, many enterprises are expecting to increase sales and share of market by focusing on the promotion activities. As a matter of fact, “Perceived value” has played an important role when a consumer is facing a purchase intention. Generally, consumers will buy a product when they had perceived a higher value on either a lower price or higher quality. Under different factors, the consumers’ perceived value is always existed differently consequently, so; the perceived value is always valuated by fashion industrial company, when they conduct promotion strategy. According to the scholar researches in the past, finding of a consumers’ purchase intention will be influenced by different promotion activities, brand Awareness. The purpose of this study try to discuss on discount depth, brand awareness and customer’s perception which customer’s perception is a moderator to affect the response variable (purchase intention). This examination manipulates 2×2×2 factorial experimental design and Brand Jeans are affected as an experimental product in this study. This study uses questionnaire which is issued to customer in Taipei. And the returned datum is analyzed by three-way MANOVA and regression analysis. The main results are as follows: there is (1) the discount depth; brand awareness and customer’s perception respectively affect to purchase intention. (2) there are three aspects in the customer’s perception, two of them；Perceived Quality and perceived Value do not moderate to purchasing intention, and only perceived sacrifice interact with brand awareness and affect to purchase intention.
50
Ncube, Vitus Sipho. "Towards a theology of ukugula nokuphumula ngoxolo (sickness unto death and rest in peace) in times of HIV-AIDS with a special reference to Zulu concepts of ukubhula (divination) nokuthakatha (witchcraft)." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3526.
Full textAbstract:
The driving force behind this study is to unconventionaly state that the cultural anthropological insight of Zulu people and pastoral - theological practice of Christianity can contribute in the sadness caused by mv - AIDS. This calls for conversion, transformation and healing of the many factors that confront the society. Hence a need of ownership on issues that confront Africans as they engage in global affairs.Thesis (M.Th.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.