Relevant bibliographies by topics / DDT (insecticide)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'DDT (insecticide)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "DDT (insecticide)"

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Ecker, János, and László Fülöp. "Molecular modeling of DDT's and it's major metabolites adsorption in the interlaminar space of montmorillonite." Journal of Universal Science Online 1, no. 1 (2014): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17202/juso.2014.1.12.

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A simple adsorption mechanism of the organochloride insecticide DDT and it's most common metabolites DDD and DDE in the interlaminar layer of montmorillonite mineral is discussed in this paper, based on the results of molecular modeling. A model of a simple fragment of the montmorillonite crystal with the interlaminar layer was created and used. The interlaminar layer contained water as a solvent and the ionic forms of sodium or calcium as exchangeable cations along with the molecules of DDT/DDD/DDE. The molecular interactions were simulated by force fields and the results of the simulation could be explained by the physical characteristics of the models which were studied with bioinformatics tools as well. Based on the observed mechanisms, the adsorption of DDT and it's metabolites in the interlaminar layer of montmorillonite is possible and it is partly responsible for the persistent nature of these insecticides.
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Nazaire Aïzoun, Guévara Nonviho, Frédéric Aïzoun, and Faustin Assongba. "Current insecticide resistance status in malaria vector populations from Dogbo district in South-western Republic of Benin, West Africa." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.2.0135.

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This study was aimed to investigate thecurrent insecticide resistance status in malaria vector mosquitoes from Dogbo district in South-western Benin, West Africa. Larvae and pupae of Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations were collected from the breeding sites from March to July 2020 during the first rainy season in Couffo department using the dipping method. WHO susceptibility tests were conducted on unfed female mosquitoes aged 2-5 days old. WHO bioassays were performed with impregnated papers of permethrin (0.75%), deltamethrin (0.05%), cyfluthrin (0.15%), lambdacyhalothrin (0.05%) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (4%). An. gambiaes.l. populations from Dogbo district were resistant to permethrin, deltamethrin, cyfluthrin, lambdacyhalothrin and DDT. There is cross-resistance to both pyrethroid and DDT insecticides. However, the physical barrier of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) which are regularly distributed free by Beninese National Malaria Control Programme throughout the entire country to increase coverage of LLINs is still important despite the insecticide resistance observed.
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Moin, Sarmad. "Contemporary Resistance Status of Anopheles Stephensi against Insecticides in District Dungarpur, Rajasthan, India." Journal of Communicable Diseases 53, no. 03 (September 30, 2021): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202151.

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Pyrethroids are powerful insecticides used in the vector control program with impregnated mesh, and residual indoor sprays. However, resistance to insecticide reduces the effectiveness. The present susceptibility study carried out against theAnopheles Stephensi to monitor the sensitivity conditions of An. Stephensi vector, which raises the need to understand the state of vector resistance in the Dungarpur region of Rajasthan, India in order to better report vector-based interventions. The sensitivity study was carried out by the WHO standard method using recommended diagnostic doses of DDT, alpha-cypermethrin, permethrin, and deltamethrin. An. Stephensi showed resistance to DDT from the entire study while sensitive to alpha-cypermethrin, permethrin, and deltamethrin. The study looks at the selection and circulation of the appropriate insecticide’s molecule for a vector control program as insecticide need constant monitoring to develop effective vector control strategies such as improving insecticide by applying integrated biological and ecological methods.
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Uddin, M. Amin, Md Abdur Rahman, M. Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury, Md Harunur Rashid, Zeenath Fardous, and Meherun Nesha. "Analysis of organochlorine DDT residue along with its metabolites in dry fishes from some selected markets of Dhaka city." Asian-Australasian Journal of Food Safety and Security 5, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/aajfss.v5i2.56959.

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A study was investigated to estimate the current status of health hazardous organochlorine insecticide DDT and its metabolites DDE and DDD in different species of dry fish. To achieve the goal of this experiment, ten different sun-dried fish samples were collected from different markets of Dhaka city. The concentration of DDT, DDE and DDD was determined using the capillary column coupled to Gas Chromatograph with Electron Captured Detector (GC-ECD). Most of the dry fishes, seven out of ten samples, were found to be contaminated with DDT along with its metabolites DDE and DDD ranging from 0.029-1.22 mg/kg which is a serious concern because of the nature of long persistency and bioaccumulation of DDT in the environment. The highest concentration of DDT (1.22 mg/kg) was observed in Pampus chinensis dry fish whereas low concentration was detected in Otolithoides pama (0.029 mg/kg). Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2021, 5 (2), 79-84
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Clarke, Sabine, and Richard J. E. Brown. "Pyrethrum and the Second World War: Recontextualising DDT in the Narrative of Wartime Insect Control." HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 89–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2022-0017.

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Abstract Historians have long recognised that DDT’s fame began with extraordinary propaganda late in the Second World War, yet heroic narratives that centre the chemical still shape historical understanding. Two false assumptions inform much of the existing scholarship on wartime insect control: one is that without DDT the Allies had no protection from malaria and typhus; the other is that DDT was significantly more toxic than any alternative insecticide available. This paper tells a very different story of wartime insecticides. We recontextualise DDT in the wider wartime technological landscape and in so doing show the enduring significance of the natural insecticide, pyrethrum. DDT was never solely responsible for protecting troops and civilians from malaria and typhus and its deployment did not render all existing insecticides obsolete. Claims about the significance of DDT often work by writing out the existence of alternative methods of controlling vectors or by downplaying the efficacy of existing materials and practices.
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Kalinina, Tatiana, Vladislav Kononchuk, Lyubov Klyushova, and Lyudmila Gulyaeva. "Effects of Endocrine Disruptors o,p′-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, p,p′-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, and Endosulfan on the Expression of Estradiol-, Progesterone-, and Testosterone-Responsive MicroRNAs and Their Target Genes in MCF-7 Cells." Toxics 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010025.

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Many studies have shown that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure raises breast cancer risk. Another insecticide with similar properties is endosulfan, which has been actively used in agriculture after DDT prohibition. Previously, we have identified some estradiol-, progesterone-, and testosterone-sensitive microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs). Because DDT and endosulfan have estrogenic, antiandrogenic, and antiprogesterone properties, we hypothesized that these miRNAs are affected by the insecticides. We quantified relative levels of miRNAs and expression levels of their target genes in breast cancer MCF-7 cells treated with p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, or endosulfan. We also quantified miR-19b expression, which, as previously shown, is regulated by estrogen. Here, we observed that miR-19b expression increased in response not only to estradiol but also to testosterone and progesterone. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with p,p′-DDT or endosulfan decreased the protein levels of apoptosis regulators TP53INP1 and APAF1. In cells treated with o,p′-DDT, the TP53INP1 amount decreased after 24 h of incubation, but increased after 48 h of incubation with insecticide. OXTR expression, which is known to be associated with breast carcinogenesis, significantly diminished under the exposure of all insecticides. In cells treated with p,p′-DDT or o,p′-DDT, the observed changes were accompanied by alterations of the levels of hormone-responsive miRNAs: miR-324, miR-190a, miR-190b, miR-27a, miR-193b, and miR-19b.
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O'Reilly, Andrias O., Bhupinder P. S. Khambay, Martin S. Williamson, Linda M. Field, B. A. WAllace, and T. G. Emyr Davies. "Modelling insecticide-binding sites in the voltage-gated sodium channel." Biochemical Journal 396, no. 2 (May 15, 2006): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20051925.

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A homology model of the housefly voltage-gated sodium channel was developed to predict the location of binding sites for the insecticides fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid, and DDT an early generation organochlorine. The model successfully addresses the state-dependent affinity of pyrethroid insecticides, their mechanism of action and the role of mutations in the channel that are known to confer insecticide resistance. The sodium channel was modelled in an open conformation with the insecticide-binding site located in a hydrophobic cavity delimited by the domain II S4-S5 linker and the IIS5 and IIIS6 helices. The binding cavity is predicted to be accessible to the lipid bilayer and therefore to lipid-soluble insecticides. The binding of insecticides and the consequent formation of binding contacts across different channel elements could stabilize the channel when in an open state, which is consistent with the prolonged sodium tail currents induced by pyrethroids and DDT. In the closed state, the predicted alternative positioning of the domain II S4-S5 linker would result in disruption of pyrethroid-binding contacts, consistent with the observation that pyrethroids have their highest affinity for the open channel. The model also predicts a key role for the IIS5 and IIIS6 helices in insecticide binding. Some of the residues on the helices that form the putative binding contacts are not conserved between arthropod and non-arthropod species, which is consistent with their contribution to insecticide species selectivity. Additional binding contacts on the II S4-S5 linker can explain the higher potency of pyrethroid insecticides compared with DDT.
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Moin, Sarmad. "Status of Insecticide Resistance of Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi towards Insecticides in Alwar District of Rajasthan, India." Journal of Communicable Diseases 53, no. 01 (March 31, 2021): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202109.

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Pyrethroids have been developed as a powerful insecticide that is widely used for space spray and residual indoor spraying, with impregnated nets included in the vector control programme. Insecticide resistance reduces the effectiveness of pesticides. Therefore, the vector susceptibility condition of the Anopheles stephensi is monitored in order to select the active ones. The current study is being conducted in a malaria-ridden area in various parts of the Alwar region of Rajasthan, India, against the malaria vector An. stephensi. The Susceptibility study was conducted by the WHO standardized method using the diagnostic doses of DDT, Alpha-cypermethrin and Deltamethrin. An. stephensi showed intermediate resistance to DDT from all over the study while susceptible to Alpha-cypermethrin and Deltamethrin.
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Mishra, Ashok K., Praveen K. Bharti, Gyan Chand, Aparup Das, Himanshu Jayswar, Manju Rahi, and Kamaraju Raghavendra. "Monitoring of Insecticide Resistance in Anopheles culicifacies in Twelve Districts of Madhya Pradesh, Central India (2017–2019)." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022 (January 5, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4404027.

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Background. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) are malaria vector control measures used in India, but the development of insecticide resistance poses major impediments for effective vector control strategies. As per the guidelines of the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP), the study was conducted in 12 districts of Madhya Pradesh to generate data on insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. Methods. The susceptibility tests were conducted on adult An. culicifacies as per the WHO standard technique with wild-caught mosquitoes. The blood-fed female mosquitoes were exposed in 3 to 4 replicates on each occasion to the impregnated papers with specified discriminating dosages of the insecticides (DDT: 4%, malathion: 5%, deltamethrin: 0.05%, and alphacypermethrin: 0.05%), for one hour, and mortality was recorded after 24-hour holding. Results. An. culicifacies was found resistant to DDT 4% in all the 12 districts and malathion in 11 districts. The resistance to alphacypermethrin was also observed in two districts, and possible resistance was found to alphacypermethrin in seven districts and to deltamethrin in eight districts, while the vector was found susceptible to both deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin in only 3 districts. Conclusion. An. culicifacies is resistant to DDT and malathion and has emerging resistance to pyrethroids, alphacypermethrin, and deltamethrin. Therefore, regular monitoring of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors is needed for implementing effective vector management strategies. However, studies to verify the impact of IRS with good coverage on the transmission of disease are required before deciding on the change of insecticide in conjunction with epidemiological data.
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Sindhania, Ankita, Himanshu P. Lohani, Madhavinadha Prasad Kona, Taranjeet Kaur, B. R. Kaushal, and Om P. Singh. "Molecular forms of the Indian Anopheles subpictus complex differ in their susceptibility to insecticides and the presence of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 2, 2023): e0280289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280289.

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Objectives To investigate the differential insecticide-susceptibility of two molecular forms of Anopheles subpictus complex (A and B) against DDT and pyrethroids, the occurrence of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in these forms, and the association of kdr mutations with insecticide resistance. Methods Insecticide susceptibility tests of An. subpictus s.l., collected from coastal and inland areas of mainland India, were performed against DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin using the WHO standard insecticide susceptibility test kit. The mosquitoes were characterized for molecular forms using a diagnostic PCR developed in this study. Representative samples of An. subpictus molecular forms A and B were sequenced for a genomic region encompassing the IIS4-5 linker to the IIS6 segments of the voltage-gated sodium channel to identify kdr mutations. A common PIRA-PCR was developed for identifying L1014F-kdr mutation and used for genotyping in both molecular forms of An. subpictus. Results Molecular form A of An. subpictus was resistant to all three insecticides, i.e., DDT, Permethrin and deltamethrin, whereas Form B was categorized as ‘possibly resistant’ to these insecticides. Significantly higher mortalities in WHO insecticide susceptibility tests were recorded in Form B compared to Form A in sympatric populations. Molecular characterization of the IIS4-5 linker to IIS-6 segments of the voltage-gated sodium channel revealed the presence of two alternative nucleotide transversions at L1014 residue in Form A, both leading to the same amino acid change, i.e., Leu-to-Phe; however, such mutations could not be observed in Form B. PIRA-PCR-based kdr-genotyping of field populations revealed high frequencies of L1014F-kdr mutations in Form A and the absence of this mutation in Form B. The proportion of L1014F mutation was significantly higher in resistant mosquitoes following insecticide-bioassay with DDT (p<0.0001), permethrin (p<0.001) and deltamethrin (p<0.01) as compared to their susceptible counterparts. Conclusions Significant differences in insecticide susceptibility were found between two molecular forms of An. subpictus complex in sympatric populations. The L1014F-kdr mutation was observed in Form A only, which was found to be associated with DDT, permethrin and deltamethrin resistance.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "DDT (insecticide)"

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Ladonni, H. "Genetics and biochemistry of insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384428.

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McDougal, Rebecca, and n/a. "DDT residue degradation by soil bacteria." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070914.142931.

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1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) residues (DDTr) are widespread and persistent environmental contaminants, and have been classed as priority pollutants by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). DDTr are potent endocrine disrupting molecules, and have been associated with reproductive abnormalities in juvenile alligators and rats. Microorganisms that metabolise DDTr both aerobically and anaerobically have been isolated and characterised. Bacteria that degrade DDTr aerobically typically utilise a dioxygenase to initiate degradative reactions through ring-hydroxylation, and convert DDTr to 4-chlorobenzoate without further degradation. Terrabacter sp. strain DDE-1 was isolated from DDTr-contaminated soil from Canterbury, New Zealand, and aerobically degrades 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (DDE) to 4-chlorobenzoate, when grown in the presence of biphenyl (BP). The intermediates of degradation were inferred to be the end products of dioxygenase activity. Sequencing of a large linear plasmid, pBPH-1, from strain DDE-1 identified a cluster of genes with high levels of sequence similarity to BP-degradation genes from Rhodococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. This plasmid is lost at high frequency producing the plasmid-cured strain MJ-2, which has lost the ability to degrade BP or DDE. The aim of this study was to confirm that DDE-degradation in strain DDE-1 is encoded by the bph operon located on pBPH-1. No genetic systems to study gene function in either DDE-1 or MJ-2 could be developed using an array of broad-host range vectors. However, heterologous expression of the bph genes in Rhodococcus erythropolis strain TA422 was successful, with the recombinant strain TA425, obtaining the ability to utilise BP and DDE as a sole source of carbon and energy. DDE-1 was shown to convert indole to indigo, but MJ-2 could not, indicating that the biphenyl dioxygenase located on pBPH-1 is responsible for this activity. The bph genes from strain DDE-1 also conferred the ability to produce indigo from indole on strain TA425, confirming successful expression of the functional biphenyl dioxygenase in this strain. Despite several attempts to show quantitative degradation in strain TA425 using gas chromatography, the results were inconclusive Further analysis is needed to provide unequivocal evidence of DDE-degradation by strain TA425. Attempts to express the bph genes in rhizosphere-colonising bacteria, such a Rhizobium spp. or Pseudomonas spp., were unsuccessful, as evidenced by the inability to produce indigo, hence the lack of a functional biphenyl dioxygenase. However, RT-PCR did indeed indicate that P. aeruginosa strain Fin1 produced a bphA1 transcript, indicating that an error is occurring post-transcriptionally in these strains, to prevent production of the functional enzyme. New Zealand has recently been shown to contain hotspots of DDTr-contamination. The second aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of DDTr-degrading bacteria and to gain insight into the types of bacteria that inhabit sites contaminated with DDTr. To investigate this, culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques were employed. Enrichment for DDTr-degrading bacteria yielded species of Rhodococcus and Ralstonia using DDTr-overlayer plate assays. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to amplify and analyse the 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA for the identification of dominant and active bacteria in soil samples. The results of this analysis identified bacteria such as Williamsia spp. and Gordonia spp. that degrade other types of pollutants. This analysis did not identify a predominance of Rhodococcus or Ralstonia spp., or other bacteria that have been shown to degrade DDTr. To identify ecologically relevant members of the bacterial communities in DDTr-contaminated soils, and potentially important metabolic pathways, identification of ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase (RHD) genes was performed. PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis were employed together with phylogenetic analyses. The results showed that the RHD genes identified, clustered separately to those genes previously characterised from cultivated bacteria. Among these genes, one phylogenetic group was most closely related to the dioxygenase genes from Ralstonia eutropha H850, which is potent PCB-degrading bacterium that possesses a dioxygenase with a wide substrate range for many types of heavily chlorinated, PCB congeners. The identification of a predominance of genes with similarity to phenyl-propionate dioxygenases has been not been recognised previously in soil studies.
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Kantachote, Duangporn. "The use of microbial inoculants to enhance DDT degradation in contaminated soil." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk165.pdf.

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Siu, Ka-yan Sky. "DDT as a malarial vector control method and its potential risks to human reproductive health and neonatal development." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3847864X.

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Somerville, Michael Francis. "DDt concentrations in soils in sprayed and unsprayed areas of two towns in southern Belize." [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000194.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of West Florida, 2009.
Submitted to the Dept. of Environmental Studies. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 119 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sullivan, Joseph P. "Blood characteristics as predictors of reproductive success in quail species exposed to DDT." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37409.

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Chu, Wing Kei. "Accumulation and transformation of DDT and PCBs by Phragmites australis and Oryza sativa L." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/530.

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Chung, Ming Kei. "Assessment of phytotoxic effects of PAHs and DDTs in solid-phase system using microalgal bioassays." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/628.

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Shirley, Matt, and n/a. "Characterisation of an 84 kb linear plasmid that encodes DDE cometabolism in Terrabacter sp. strain DDE-1." University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060804.094902.

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DDT, an extremely widely used organochlorine pesticide, was banned in most developed countries more than 30 years ago. However, DDT residues, including 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), still persist in the environment and have been identified as priority pollutants due to their toxicity and their ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify in the food chain. In particular, DDE was long believed to be "enon-biodegradable"e, however some microorganisms have now been isolated that are able to metabolise DDE in pure culture. Terrabacter sp. strain DDE-1 was enriched from a DDT-contaminated agricultural soil from the Canterbury plains and is able to metabolise DDE to 4-chlorobenzoic acid when induced with biphenyl. The primary objective of this study was to identify the gene(s) responsible for Terrabacter sp. strain DDE-1�s ability to metabolise DDE and, in particular, to investigate the hypothesis that DDE-1 degrades DDE cometabolically via a biphenyl degradation pathway. Catabolism of biphenyl by strain DDE-1 was demonstrated, and a biphenyl degradation (bph) gene cluster containing bphDA1A2A3A4BCST genes was identified. The bphDA1A2A3A4BC genes are predicted to encode a biphenyl degradation upper pathway for the degradation of biphenyl to benzoate and cis-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate and the bphST genes are predicted to encode a two-component signal transduction system involved in regulation of biphenyl catabolism. The bph gene cluster was found to be located on a linear plasmid, designated pBPH1. A plasmid-cured strain (MJ-2) was unable to catabolise both biphenyl and DDE, supporting the hypothesis that strain DDE-1 degrades DDE cometabolically via the biphenyl degradation pathway. Furthermore, preliminary evidence from DDE overlayer agar plate assays suggested that Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying the strain DDE-1 bphA1A2A3A4BC genes is able to catabolise DDE when grown in the presence of biphenyl. A second objective of this study was to characterise pBPH1. The complete 84,054-bp sequence of the plasmid was determined. Annotation of the DNA sequence data revealed seventy-six ORFs predicted to encode proteins, four pseudogenes, and ten gene fragments. Putative functions were assigned to forty-two of the ORF and pseudogenes. Besides biphenyl catabolism, the major functional classes of the predicted proteins were transposition, regulation, heavy metal transport/resistance, and plasmid maintenance and replication. It was shown that pBPH1 has the terminal structural features of an actinomycete invertron, including terminal proteins and terminal inverted repeats (TIRs). This is the first report detailing the nucleotide sequence and characterisation of a (linear) plasmid from the genus Terrabacter.
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Siu, Ka-yan Sky, and 蕭加欣. "DDT as a malarial vector control method and its potential risks to human reproductive health and neonatal development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3972458X.

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Books on the topic "DDT (insecticide)"

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United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Division of Toxicology. DDT, DDE, y DDD. Atlanta, GA]: Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades, División de la Toxicología, Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de los EE.UU., Servicio de Salud Pública, 2002.

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United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Division of Toxicology. DDT, DDE, and DDD. Atlanta, GA: Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 2002.

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Corporation, Clement International, and United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry., eds. Toxicological profile for DDT, DDE, and DDD. [Atlanta, Ga.]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1994.

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United States. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, ed. Toxicological profile for DDT, DDE, and DDD. [Atlanta, Ga.]: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2002.

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Jonsson, Curt-Johan. Activation and toxicity of adrenocorticolytic DDT-metabolites in mammals and birds. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1993.

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Canada. Commercial Chemicals Evaluation Branch. DDT: Scientific justification. Ottawa, Ont: Environment Canada, 1997.

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Rinella, Joseph F. Persistence of the DDT pesticide inthe Yakima River Basin, Washington. (Reston, VA): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Rinella, Joseph F. Persistence of the DDT pesticide in the Yakima River Basin, Washington. [Reston, VA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Canada. Direction de l'évaluation des produits chimiques commerciaux. DDT: Justification scientifique. Ottawa, Ont: Environnement Canada, 1997.

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Serdar, Dave. DDT in Osoyoos Lake fish. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Ecology, Environmental Assessment Program, Watershed Ecology Section, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "DDT (insecticide)"

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Rojanapo, W., A. Tepsuwan, P. Kupradinun, and S. Chutimataewin. "Modulation of Hepatocarcinogenicity of Aflatoxin B1 by the Chlorinated Insecticide DDT." In Eicosanoids, Lipid Peroxidation and Cancer, 327–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73424-3_35.

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Matsumura, Fumio. "On Inhibitory Action of DDT and Pyrethroids on ATP-Utilizing, Calcium Transporting Systems in the Neural Tissues." In Membrane Receptors and Enzymes as Targets of Insecticidal Action, 173–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5113-9_9.

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Clarke, Sabine. "Rethinking the Post-War Hegemony of DDT: Insecticides Research and the British Colonial Empire." In Environment, Health and History, 133–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230347557_7.

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Zimdahl, Robert L. "DDT: An Insecticide." In Six Chemicals That Changed Agriculture, 115–33. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-800561-3.00007-9.

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Manzoor Malik, Rabbiah, Sahar Fazal, Narjis Khatoon, Muneeba Ishtiaq, Saima Batool, and Syed Tauqeer Abbas. "Perspective Chapter: Genomics, Proteomics, and System Biology of Insecticides Resistance in Insects." In Insecticides - Advances in Insect Control and Sustainable Pest Management. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112662.

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Insecticide resistance is an inherited change in pest population exposure to a specific insecticide or group of insecticides. Overuse, misuse, and high interbreeding rates have led to insecticide resistance. Genomic technologies reveal mechanisms of resistance, including decreased target-site sensitivity and increased detoxification. Genomic projects have cloned and identified targeted genes in Drosophila melanogaster and studied resistance-associated mutations in various pest insects. Advancements in genome sequencing and annotation techniques have explored complex multigene enzyme systems, such as glutathione-S-transferases, esterases, and cytochrome P450, which facilitate insecticide resistance. Identifying specific genes involved in resistance and targeted genes is essential for developing new insecticides and strategies to control pests. Insects with resistance metabolize insecticidal compounds faster due to increased catalytic rate and gene amplification. So, system biology plays a very important role in the insect resistance against insecticides and different chemicals such as DDT and permethrin. From system biology, not only the identification of genes was done, but also the protein-protein interactions were found out, which were responsible in the insect resistance.
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Cochran, Donald G. "Insecticide Resistance." In Understanding and Controlling the German Cockroach, 171–92. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195064957.003.0008.

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Abstract Control of the German cockroach by use of chemical insecticides has a long history going back to at least the early part of this century (Mallis 1969). However, the question of insecticide resistance in these pests did not arise until after the advent of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides in the late 1940’s. One of them, the cyclodiene chlordane, rapidly became the insecticide of choice for cockroach control. By 1951 there were reports from Texas of failures to obtain satisfactory control with this chemical (Grayson 1966). Later research confirmed that high-level resistance to chlordane was present in field populations of the German cockroach (Fisk and Isert 1953, Grayson 1954, Heal et al. 1953). Subsequently, resistance to this material became so widespread in the USA that it had to be abandoned for cockroach control (Grayson 1966). By the mid-1950’s it was apparent that the German cockroach could also develop resistance to DDT and pyrethrins (Grayson 1966). DDT was not used commercially for German cockroach control in the USA, but selections in the laboratory produced high-level resistance to it (Grayson 1953). Natural pyrethrins have been used in cockroach control for many years, mainly as a flushing agent. Thus, it is not surprising that resistance to pyrethrins has been known in the German cockroach since the early 1950’s (Keller et al. 1956). Indeed, it is highly likely that resistance to pyrethrins existed in this pest for some time prior to its actual discovery, and may represent the earliest case of resistance in this species.
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Wurster, Charles F. "A New England Town Sprays Its Elm Trees with DDT." In DDT Wars. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190219413.003.0006.

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The robin was twitching, tremoring, convulsing uncontrollably, and peeping occasionally. The student handed the bird to me, and in a few minutes it was dead in my hands. It was April 23, 1963, and I was in my laboratory at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, when the student walked in with the bird. A week earlier the elm trees of Hanover had been sprayed with the insecticide DDT to control the spread of Dutch elm disease by elm bark beetles. In the following weeks 151 dead birds filled my freezer, many of them exhibiting before they died the tremors that we later learned were typical of DDT poisoning. Four of us were conducting a small-scale study of the effects, if any, of the DDT spray program in Hanover. We were shocked by what was happening to the local birds, but we would have expected this reaction to DDT if we had read the scientific literature on earlier DDT spray programs on elm trees. We had not. We soon realized that we had rediscovered what other ornithologists had already reported from DDT spray programs in the American Midwest. We also soon learned that DDT was ineffective in preventing the spread of Dutch elm disease and that another procedure, sanitation without insecticides, effectively protected the elms. This DDT spray procedure was all costs and no benefits. Hundreds of towns were killing thousands or millions of birds while not protecting their elms. The whole thing struck me as absurd and tragic. It became a life-changing event for me. I decided that DDT was a chemical that had to be stopped, although I hadn’t the slightest idea where such a conclusion was going to lead. I was 33 years old and had become what in those days was usually called a conservationist. Now such people have been renamed “environmentalists.” I had a dubious beginning as such a person. When I was about seven and living in a northern suburb of Philadelphia, I came across a couple of snakes.
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Khambay, Bhupinder P. S., and Norval O’connor. "Progress in developing insecticides from natural compounds." In Phytochemistry and Agriculture, 40–61. Oxford University PressOxford, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198577621.003.0003.

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Abstract Approximately one third of world food production is lost through damage caused by pests. The most efficient method of controlling insect pests relies on the use of insecticides (compounds which kill insects) many of which act on the insect nervous system. Although current commercial insecticides have limited persistence in the field, the public perception of insecticides as highly undesirable and environmentally unfriendly chemicals stems from the persistence of DDT, ironically, an insecticide which has probably given more benefit to mankind than any other chemical invention. A great deal of research is currently being directed towards finding alternatives to insecticides. However, the present limitations in efficiency and effectiveness of such approaches ensures that for the foreseeable future, insecticides will remain the most effective means of insect control in the field. Therefore the search for newer insecticides with even greater selectivity towards pests and activity against resistant insects will continue.
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Wurster, Charles F. "Proceed with Caution, then Sue the Bastards in Michigan." In DDT Wars. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190219413.003.0008.

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At that first meeting on October 6, 1967, the new trustees of EDF had voted to “proceed with caution,” given the precarious position of this essentially nonorganization with no assets. It was an easy motion and it passed unanimously, but before long caution was thrown to the winds when Lew Batts described an imminent planned application of the insecticide dieldrin in western Michigan. Intended to eradicate an alleged infestation of Japanese beetles, dieldrin was to be applied to 3,000 acres in Berrien County near Lake Michigan by the Michigan and United States Departments of Agriculture. Lew wanted EDF to stop them. We already knew something about dieldrin, a chlorinated hydrocarbon relative of DDT and an environmentally destructive material, more acutely (immediately) toxic than DDT. We knew it would kill birds and mammals and could damage fish. Furthermore, Lew Batts was connected with a Michigan foundation that had more money, but less arrogance, than we did. EDF was designed to litigate, and Batts’s organization certainly was not. He guaranteed the assembled new trustees of EDF that if we would tackle the Michigan Department of Agriculture (MDA) in court to block the dieldrin application, he would support the effort with $10,000. The fat was in the fire! EDF’s trustees voted to cautiously sue the Michigan Department of Agriculture, and anybody else if necessary, to prevent the dieldrin treatment. Furthermore, several communities within the Lake Michigan watershed in western Michigan were using DDT in an attempt to control Dutch elm disease, a futile exercise with which we were very familiar (Wurster DH et al., 1965). With both of these destructive chemicals contaminating the fish, it would be difficult to separate the effects of each chemical from the other. So we decided to sue not only MDA in connection with its proposed dieldrin application, but we would add as defendants nine cities in western Michigan within the Lake Michigan watershed that were using DDT (Fremont, Muskegon, Greenville, Rockford, Lansing, East Lansing, East Grand Rapids, Holland, and Spring Lake).
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Wurster, Charles F. "Time to Go After the Feds." In DDT Wars. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190219413.003.0012.

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By the fall of 1969 we knew we had to challenge pesticide regulation by the federal government if we were to ultimately prevail against DDT, but we did not know how to do it. We had the science well in hand and knew how to present it, with literally hundreds of scientists prepared to testify within their areas of expertise. We did not have the organizational structure to launch such an effort at the federal level, however, and we were certainly short of money. At about that time Joseph L. Sax, then the leading proponent of the development of environmental law at the University of Michigan Law School, suggested that we contact the newly founded Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP), a public-interest law firm in Washington, DC. Joe was a member of the CLASP board. He insisted that DDT was in violation of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) was not enforcing FIFRA. I therefore called and talked at length with James W. Moorman (Fig. 7.1), attorney for CLASP, describing the DDT problem and proposed action against USDA. “If we are going to do this, then you are going to come down here and help me put the case together,” said Jim firmly. That was not music to my ears: I had other things I needed to do, but shortly I was on my way to Washington. CLASP was in a rundown part of Washington, and my “housing” consisted of sleeping on an old mattress in their dusty attic. But we got to work and wrote a petition to USDA in about a week. The petition was a formal legal request that the FIFRA registrations for DDT be canceled. The petition also requested that USDA suspend the registrations while it was considering their cancellation. We had no illusions that USDA would grant our request, but it was Jim’s advice that we go to USDA for administrative relief before seeking cancellation and suspension from the courts.
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Conference papers on the topic "DDT (insecticide)"

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ČESONIENĖ, Laima, Kristina LINGYTĖ, Daiva ŠILEIKIENĖ, and Midona DAPKIENĖ. "GROUNDWATER QUALITY DYNAMICS IN THE TERRITORY OF FORMER PESTICIDE WAREHOUSE." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.097.

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Pesticides are used in intensive farming to help fight plant pests and diseases (insecticides, fungicides), kill weeds (herbicides), as well as accelerate the growth of seeds (defoliants), but until 1992 pesticides were kept in improperly equipped warehouses, there was no maintenance or accounting of the pesticides. Consequently, the environment of the warehouse was often polluted. Such sources of pollution are hazardous to the environment. Economic activities in the area have been carried out from 1980 to 1994. Various agricultural chemicals have been stored and used there. Later, in 1997, chemicals (fertilizers and plant protection chemicals) stored in the territory of the warehouse have been collected and removed from the territory. During the inventory of 2009, no chemical substances were found in the territory. In 2010, an investigation carried out in the territory of the pesticide warehouse revealed unacceptable levels of pollution in the soil and the groundwater by pesticides and other toxic and neutral chemicals. In 2012, the polluted territory was cleaned eliminating the remains of buildings, and removing the soil polluted by the pesticides. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the territory of the former pesticide warehouse in Kaunas District Municipality, Bubių Village on the groundwater during the period from 2012 to 2016. The results have shown that the groundwater is mostly polluted with nitrogen compounds, as well as the tendency in increase of chlorides, sodium, and calcium. Minimum and unchanging concentrations of the pesticides (DDD, DDE, DDT) were determined throughout the investigation.
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Saeed, Muhammad. "Insecticidal potential of Detia Diatomaceous Earth (DDE) againstLasioderma serricorni(Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae)." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113510.

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