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Guimaraes, Germana Reis de Andrade. "Promocao da saude na escola: saude bucal como objeto de saber." Rio de Janeiro : [s.n.], 2003. http://teses.cict.fiocruz.br/pdf/guimaraegram.pdf.
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Winberg, Johan. "Implementering av multivariabel reglering i DCS-miljö." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19502.
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Inom processindustrin finns en etablerad reglerhierarki där basreglering sker med PID-regulatorer och där avancerad, multivariabel styrning sköts av MPC-programvara. Steget mellan dessa två nivåer kan upplevas som stort. För mindre och snabba multivariabla processer undvikes helst en multivariabel ansats, med försämrad reglering som följd. På Preem AB har detta upplevts som ett problem. Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att utveckla en alternativ, multivariabel styrstrategi för en process med ett mindre antal reglerstorheter som interagerar. Detta har gjorts genom en utveckling av en LQG-regulator i styrsystemet DeltaV.
För att implementera en regulator i ett styrsystem måste hänsyn tas till en rad faktorer, såsom hantering av olika körlägen, bortfall av signaler, integratoruppvridning, kommunikation med slavregulatorer och inte minst operatörernas gränssnitt för hantering av regulatorn. Att sedan utveckla en regulator för en process kräver bland annat stegförsök, analys och anpassning av stegtestdata, modellidentifiering, framtagning av trimningskonstanter, testning av styrstrategi i simulerad miljö och idrifttagning. Den typen av frågeställningar addresseras i rapporten.
Examensarbetet visar att det finns en plats för LQG-regulatorn i processindustrin för en viss typ av problem. Den utvecklade regulatorn har implementerats på en avsvavlingsprocess på Preems oljeraffenaderi i Lysekil med lyckat resultat. Oscillationer i processen, som tidvis påverkat produktionen av propen, har kunnat reduceras.
Process control in process industry is done in a hierarchy in which PID controllers are used for basic control and MPC software is used for advanced, multivariable process control. The implementation of multivariable control using MPC software is a major undertaking and development of such controllers for small and fast multivariable processes is therefore avoided. To achieve better control for such processes, a simpler approach to multivariable control is often sought. The purpose of this masters thesis is to develop an alternative, multivariable control strategy for processes with a smaller number of interacting control variables. This is achieved by developing an LQG-controller in the DCS DeltaV at Preem AB.
Implementation of such a controller in a DCS requires that consideration is given to a number of factors, including handling of different modes, loss of signals, reset windup, communication with slave controllers and construction of operator interface. To develop a controller for a specific process also requires step testing, model identification, tuning of the controller parameters, simulation of the control strategy and commissioning. Solutions to such issues are addressed in this report.
The thesis shows that LQG-controllers can be useful in process industry for some niche applications. The LQG-controller has successfully been applied to a desulphurisation process at Preem's oil refinery in Lysekil, where oscillations affecting the production of propylene have been reduced.
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Karlsson, Britta-Stina, and Sofia Svensson. "Integration av miljöaspekter i DeLavalsutvecklingsmodell DCS 015." Thesis, KTH, Integrerad produktutveckling, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-41530.
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DeLaval är en global koncern som tillverkar mjölkningssystem och utrustning för attunderlätta det dagliga arbetet för mjölkbönder. Den första januari 2009 introduceradesen ny utvecklingsmodell för att ta fram produkter och lösningar som kallas DeLavalCorporate Standard 015 (DCS 015). Syftet med detta examensarbete var att utreda hurmiljöaspekter kunde implementeras i DCS 015 och utveckla ett mätbart miljöverktygför att erhålla information om vilken miljöpåverkan utvecklingsprocessen faktiskt bidrartill.Examensarbetet inleddes med en teoristudie av området hållbar utveckling och företagsmiljöarbete vilket resulterade i den teoretiska referensramen i rapporten. Sedan utfördesinterna intervjuer på DeLaval för att utreda hur tidigare och nuvarande miljöarbete harutförts och vilka delar av detta arbete som kunde vara värdefulla att bevara i DCS 015.Samtidigt utfördes intervjuer på stora, internationella företag med en uttaladmiljöprofilering för att utreda vad DeLaval kunde ta till sig från andra företagsmiljöarbete. Informationen som inhämtats från teoristudien och de utförda intervjuernaanvändes sedan för att presentera förslag på hur DeLaval kunde implementeramiljöaspekter i DCS 015.Examensarbetet resulterade i insikten att för att ett företags miljöarbete ska varaframgångsrikt behöver det bestå av en kombination av miljöverktyg ochmiljömanagement. Ett antal idéer på hur miljöaspekter kunde integreras i DCS 015 ochhur DeLaval kunde ta till sig tankar om miljömanagement togs fram och tre större idéerutvecklades till mer detaljerade förslag och rekommendationer.AbstractDeLaval is a global group producing milking systems and equipment for facilitating thedaily work of dairy farmers. The 1st of January 2009 a new development model,DeLaval Corporate Standard 015 (DCS 015), for developing new products and solutionswas introduced. The purpose of this master thesis was to investigate how environmentalaspects could be implemented in DCS 015 and provide a measurable environmental toolto obtain information regarding what environmental impacts the development processcontributes to.The master thesis was initialized with a theoretical study of the field of sustainabledevelopment and corporate environmental work, which resulted in the frame ofreference in the report. Then, internal interviews were conducted at DeLaval toinvestigate the previous and present corporate environmental work. Simultaneously,external interviews at large, international companies with an environmental profile wereconducted to investigate what DeLaval could learn from other companies. Theknowledge gained from the theoretical study and the conducted interviews worked as afoundation when introducing proposals on how DeLaval could implementenvironmental considerations in DCS 015.The result of the master thesis is that corporate environmental work needs to be acombination of environmental tools and environmental management to be trulysuccessful. Several ideas on how to implement environmental tools in DCS 015 andenvironmental management at DeLaval were presented and three major ideas weredeveloped into more detailed proposals.
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Dias, Sydney de Oliveira. "Calibração de câmera digital não métrica - Kodak DCS-460." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6330.
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Os equipamentos fotográficos digitais têm inovado a aerofotogrametria no que diz respeito à rapidez na coleta de informações geográficas referenciadas bem como o baixo custo da operação em comparação com os sistemas aerofotogramétricos convencionais. Na geração de produtos cartográficos, utilizando sistemas fotográficos digitais ou convencionais, o conhecimento dos parâmetros que definem a geometria interna da câmara é de fundamental importância. Este trabalho descreve uma das principais metodologias utilizadas atualmente para calibração analítica de câmaras. A câmara utilizada nesse trabalho é uma Kodak DCS460, e pertence à Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. O processo de calibração foi realizado na Universidade Federal do Paraná, com apoio do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Geodésicas, e o método utilizado foi o Método das Câmaras Convergentes Através do método paramétrico com injunções, o modelo final utilizado computacionalmente recupera os parâmetros intrínsecos como distância focal calibrada, posição do ponto principal, constantes da distorção radial simétrica e descentrada, bem como a matriz variância-covariância dos resultados obtidos no ajustamento. Os resultados da calibração foram analisados na matriz variância-covariância e foram satisfatórios. Para aplicação dos parâmetros em dados reais, uma imagem da região de Porto Alegre foi utilizada como objeto de estudo para geração de uma ortofoto, que é uma imagem corrigida geometricamente das distorções causadas pela variação de posição e altitude da plataforma. O Modelo Digital do Terreno é uma peça fundamental na geração de uma ortofoto e foi gerado a partir das curvas de nível fornecidas pela Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre. Duas ortofotos foram geradas, a primeira levando em conta apenas o valor nominal da distância focal, e a segunda os parâmetros gerados no processo de calibração. Os resultados obtidos para a focal nominal apresentam resíduos maiores que os determinados com a distância focal calibrada, mostrando a necessidade de aplicação do método de calibração, como queria demonstrar.
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Moser, Michele R., and J. Neumann. "Children at Risk: DCS, Foster Care, and Multisystem Interventions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4996.
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Camara, Omar. "Capital structure dynamics of US-based multinationals (MNCs) and domestic (DCs) firms." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3147.
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This thesis is an empirical investigation of three related capital structure dynamics of US-based multinationals and their domestic counterparts. Specifically, the thesis examined whether there are differences in capital structure adjustment speed between US-based Multinationals (hereafter, MNCs) and Domestic Corporations (hereafter, DCs), and if so, what theoretical factors contribute to the differences. At an industry level, the thesis examine whether or not industries of US-based Multinationals (MNCs) and their domestic counterparts (DCs) have different speed of capital structure adjustment toward the target level, particularly the manufacturing industry. And at the macro level, the thesis estimates the effect of macroeconomic factors (commercial paper spread, growth in aggregate capital expenditure of nonfinancial firms, and consumer price index (CPI)), and macroeconomic conditions defined by GDP, default spread, unemployment and price-output ratio on capital structure dynamics of US-based MNCs relative to DCs. Various econometric techniques were employed in the thesis to test the hypothesis that capital structure dynamics of US-based MNCs differ from DCs. Using fixed effect instrumental variables (FEIV), the empirical results shows that on average, DCs adjust to target leverage faster than MNCs. Similarly, the results support existences of capital structure differences among industries for MNCs and DCs.
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Cameron, Grant Arthur 1960. "A model and algorithm for sizing and routing DCS switched telecommunications networks." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282772.
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Demand for broadband services such as fax, videotelephony, video conference and data transmission continues to explode as we move into the twenty-first century. The new broadband demand differs from voice traffic in that it varies rapidly with respect to the average length of time capacity is held by a customer. Hence, steady state models of network traffic are not valid in general, and may not provide approximations that are sufficiently accurate for network design. In addition, modern telecommunications networks incorporate advanced switching technology that can provide flexible routing of network traffic based on network load and projected demand. It is desireable to take advantage of this new flexibility to design reliable, yet low cost, networks. In this dissertation a multistage stochastic linear programming model for the design of broadband networks is presented, along with a specialized algorithm for solving the program. The algorithm is based on Network Recourse Decomposition (NRD) first introduced by Powell and Cheung. The solution method incorporates cost calculations that prove to be useful for both sizing and routing decisions.
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Sivaganesh, Sivasuriya. "Recipient DCs presenting intact and processed MHC alloantigen mediate CD8⁸ T-cell responses." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609327.
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Ceroni, Salazar Álvaro Stefano. "Diseño e implementación de una infraestructura para un sistema de control distribuido (DCS)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134762.
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Ingeniero Civil QuímicoEn los últimos años, la masificación de sistemas embebidos y de computadores de placa reducida (SBC) han permitido el diseño, desarrollo y automatización de hardware de bajo costo para aplicaciones multidisciplinarias tales como impresoras 3D, sistemas de alarmas y climatización. Sin embargo, a nivel de laboratorios y pequeñas industrias su uso se limita a la creación de sensores, es por ello que esta memoria explora el diseño de un sistema de control enfocado en estos segmentos. Este sistema de control está compuesto por un servidor de control que posee una base de datos, un servidor web que actúa como interfaz humano-máquina (HMI), y un elemento de control, conectados mediante una red inalámbrica. El elemento de control corresponde al dispositivo encargado de obtener desde los sensores, datos sobre las variables de entrada, manipular los actuadores a través de los puertos de salida y posee además, la capacidad de implementar una ley de control a través de un controlador en modo de supervisión o como controlador digital directo. Por otro lado, el servidor de control tiene la función de registrar las mediciones de los sensores del equipo conectados al sistema, además, también puede registrar modificaciones hechas al sistema desde el HMI. El sistema de control diseñado se implementó en el equipo HL630, equipo que posee un circuito de calefacción de agua que incluye un radiador con ventilador, calefactor, una bomba de potencia regulable y un sensor de flujo. Para esto, se utilizó como servidor de control el SBC Raspberry Pi B+, y como elemento de control el sistema embebido Arduino Yún. Para conectar el equipo al elemento de control, se utilizó circuitos y dispositivos electrónicos con el fin de enlazar los actuadores y sensores. Asimismo, se observó la presencia de interferencias electromagnéticas (EMI), problema que se solucionó utilizando una jaula de Faraday. Además, se implementó un controlador digital directo de tipo PID con PWM debido a que no es posible utilizar el elemento de control en modo de supervisión. Finalmente, para la sintonización del controlador, se utilizó un modelo empírico basado en la respuesta del sistema a un pulso de 15 seg., y con ello, mediante el ajuste de parámetros de simulaciones para un sistema con una función de transferencia de cierto orden, se determinó que la función de transferencia que mejor representa el sistema es de orden-(3,2). Así, se sintonizó el controlador utilizando algoritmos basados en la minimización de overshoot en función del tiempo de estabilización del sistema para problemas de regulación y servo-control, en base a una simulación del sistema con controlador PID continuo, para obtener parámetros utilizados como base de la ley de control implementada y mediante un análisis de sensibilidad se obtuvo un valor definitivo. Posteriormente, se probó de forma experimental que al aumentar 10 veces el valor destinado a eliminar el windup reset aumenta la amplitud de oscilaciones y el sistema converge a estado estacionario oscilando alrededor del valor del setpoint. De igual manera, también se experimentó aumentar al doble el periodo de la señal de referencia del PWM y se observó que el controlador no cambia la amplitud, ni el tiempo de estabilización, sin embargo, se genera una oscilación de alta frecuencia de amplitud constante. Así, fue posible diseñar una infraestructura de un sistema de control distribuido con las caracteristicas ya mencionadas, que se implementó en un equipo de laboratorio y de forma exitosa fue posible monitorear y controlar el equipo de forma remota a través del HMI. A su vez, este proyecto permitió ver la factibilidad técnica de implementar sistemas de control de bajo costo en algunos procesos de pequeñas escala, a modo de reemplazar la utilización de costosos sistemas industriales.
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Santillo, Bruna Tereso. "Caracterização fenotípica e funcional de IFN-DCs derivadas de indivíduos infectados pelo HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42133/tde-09122015-130521/.
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A imunoterapia baseada em MoDC constitui uma estratégia para tratamento de indivíduos HIV+. Protocolos para obtenção de MoDC em geral utilizam IL-4 e GM-CSF (IL4-DC). Alguns estudos utilizam as IFN-DC (IFN-α + GM-CSF), que exibem um fenótipo combinado de DC mielóide, DC plasmocitóide (pDC) e célula NK. Esse perfil misto pode aperfeiçoar a imunoterapia para pacientes HIV+. Para tanto, monócitos de pacientes HIV+ foram cultivados com GM-CSF e IL-4 ou IFN-α por 5 dias e estimuladas por 48 horas com pulso de HIV inativado por AT-2 e/ou coquetel de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Avaliamos a expressão de moléculas de superfície de IFN-DC e ativação de linfócitos T por citometria de fluxo; produção de citocinas IL-12 e IL-10 por ELISA. IFN-DC apresentaram morfologia e fenótipo basais ativados e características de pDC e célula NK, diferente das IL4-DC. As IFN-DC foram capazes de produzir IL-12, estimular a proliferação e produção de IFN-γ de linfócitos TCD4 e CD8, porém similares às IL4-DCs. IFN-DC são capazes de estimular resposta de linfócitos T tanto quanto IL4-DC.Immunotherapy based on MDDCs is a strategy for treating HIV-infected patients. Alternatively to the conventional protocol for DC differentiation based on IL-4 and GM-CSF (IL4-DC) some studies suggest the use of IFN-DC (IFN-α + GM-CSF). These cells exhibit a combined phenotype of myeloid DC, plasmacytoid DC (pDC) and NK. Considering the mixed profile of IFN-DCs alternative protocols can bring novel elements for immunotherapy. Monocytes isolated from HIV-infected patients were cultured in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-4 or IFN-α. On day 5 DCs were pulsed with AT-2-inactivated HIV and stimulated for 48 hours with a cocktail of proinflammatory cytokines. We assessed IFN-DC surface markers expression and T cell activation by flow cytometry; IL-10 and IL-12 production by ELISA. IFN-DC showed activated morphological and phenotypic features during basal state of maturity and exhibited features of pDC and NK different from IL4-DC. The IFN-DC like IL4-DC were able to produce IL-12 and stimulated T cells. So, the IFN-DC were able to stimulate the T cells as well as IL4-DCs.
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GLORIA, BERENICE. "Elaboration d'un outil de planification et d'optimisation pour le dcs 1800 en milieux confines." Rennes, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAR0015.
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Dans un contexte ou les communications radiomobiles envahissent peu a peu les differents lieux de vie (bureaux, centres commerciaux, transports en commun), il est de plus en plus important pour les operateurs de disposer d'un outil de planification. Le role de cet outil est d'obtenir la qualite de couverture indispensable a la satisfaction de l'abonne, tout en assurant la rentabilite du reseau. Dans ce memoire, nous presentons les differentes methodes qui ont permis l'elaboration d'un outil de planification adapte au milieux confines, pour le dcs 1800. Les travaux de recherche effectues dans le cadre de cette these s'orientent selon deux axes complementaires : la propagation radio-electrique et les methodes d'optimisation. Dans un premier temps, nous presentons le modele 2d de prediction de la propagation qui est a la base de notre travail. Ce modele utilise la theorie uniforme de la diffraction. Certaines ameliorations de ce modele sont necessaires pour l'adapter aux milieux confines et pour faciliter son integration dans un outil de planification. Nous proposons ainsi une extension du modele 2d vers un modele 3d, ce qui nous permet d'etudier la propagation pour des batiments d'architecture complexe. La seconde partie de notre etude presente la methode que nous avons developpee pour trouver une solution de deploiement optimale en terme de placement des antennes et de reduction des couts d'infrastructure du reseau. Apres avoir determine l'ensemble des contraintes mises en jeu pour chacun de ces aspects, nous proposons une solution basee sur la methode du simplexe boltzmanien (issue de la combinaison de la methode simplex downhill methode et du recuit simule) et la resolution du probleme de steiner. Chaque module developpe est valide individuellement. Apres avoir relie les trois modules principaux de l'outil de planification (modele de propagation, placement et infrastructure), nous testons l'ensemble, dans un dernier chapitre, sur une configuration reelle 3d.
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Backlund, Kristin, and Anna Palm. "Korttidsfrånvaro i en offentlig organisation : En kvalitativ studie inom hemtjänsten." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19631.
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Syftet med studien var att undersöka varför korttidsfrånvaron hade ökat inom hemtjänsten i en offentlig organisation med fokus på den psykosociala arbetsmiljön. Studien bygger på nio intervjuer som analyserades genom en grundläggande kvalitativ metod. Resultatet visar att de anställda upplevde tidspressade arbetsdagar där arbetsbelastning generellt ansågs vara för hög. Det fanns inte alltid tid till att utföra arbetsuppgifterna under ordinarie arbetstid och inga marginaler fanns för de oväntade händelser som ofta uppkom i arbetet. De anställda upplevde att gemenskapen i arbetsgruppen var god men kände en ensamhet under arbetsdagen och önskade mer gemensam tid tillsammans. Det var skilda meningar om ledarskapet och stödet från chefen. Några av de anställda önskade mer stöd och uppmuntran samt att arbetet utöver vårdarbetet skulle uppskattas mer medan andra var nöjda. Slutsatsen var att korttidsfrånvaron hade ökat på grund av den höga arbetsbelastningen, en stressig arbetsmiljö samt långa arbetsperioder utan ledighet.The purpose of the study was to examine why the short-term absence had increased within home care in a public organization with focus on the psychosocial work environment. The study is based on nine interviews and the data were analyzed using a basic qualitative research. The results shows that the employees experienced time-pressured working days where the workload generally was considered to be too high. There was not always time for them to perform their duties during normal working hours and there were no margins for the unexpected events that often arose in the work. The employees felt that the community of the workgroup was good but felt a loneliness during the working day and wanted more shared time together. The conclusion was that the short-term absence had increased due to the high workload, a stressful work environment, and long periods of work without time off.
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Cruz, Daniel Sanzio Gimenes da. "Papel dos adrenoceptores β em células dendríticas derivadas de monócitos humanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10133/tde-21062017-160938/.
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O sistema nervoso simpático (SNS) inerva a maioria dos órgãos linfoides e durante situações de estresse, por meio da liberação da noradrenalina de seus ramos eferentes, emitem sinais capazes de modular as repostas imunes. Nossa hipótese foi de que esta via poderia alterar a função de células dendríticas (DCs) derivadas de monócitos humanos, uma vez que receptores adrenérgicos já foram demonstrados em DCs murinas e pelo fato de que as estas células são chave na iniciação de respostas imunes adaptativas, bem como indutoras de tolerância. Desta forma, DCs diferenciadas a partir de monócitos sanguíneos provenientes de doadores saudáveis tratadas com ligantes adrenérgicos foram analisadas quanto a expressão de marcadores de membrana, atividade fagocítica, apresentação antigênica em ensaio de reação mista de linfócitos, expressão gênica de marcadores de diferenciação e ativação, bem como produção de citocinas. Os resultados revelaram que as DCs apresentam transcritos apenas para o adrenoceptor β2, e esta expressão é similar à de macrófagos, mas inferior a de linfócitos. A análise dos marcadores fenotípicos de membrana, atividade fagocítica, apresentação antigênica e produção de citocinas não mostraram alterações nas células tratadas com agonistas adrenérgicos. No entanto, o tratamento com ligantes adrenérgicos foi capaz de alterar a expressão dos genes CD40, CD80, CD83, CXCL1, TGFB1, FCGR3A, CCR7 e CCL5 em DCs e macrófagos estimulados com LPS ou TNF-α. Embora os efeitos dos ligantes adrenérgicos não tenham sido fortemente evidenciados nos testes realizados, os resultados sugerem que pequenas alterações podem ser provocadas pela ligação das catecolaminas em DCs, sugerindo que estas possam ser moduladas pelo SNS, modificando as respostas imunesThe sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervates most of the lymphoid organs and during stress situations, by releasing norepinephrine from its efferent branches, emit signals capable of modulating immune responses. Our hypothesis was that this pathway could alter the function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), since adrenergic receptors have already been demonstrated in murine DCs, and by the fact that these cells are key in initiating adaptive immune responses as well as tolerance inducers. Thus, differentiated DCs from blood monocytes from healthy donors treated with adrenergic ligands were analyzed for expression of membrane markers, phagocytic activity, antigenic presentation in a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, gene expression of differentiation and activation markers and cytokine production. The results revealed that DCs present transcripts only for the β2 adrenoceptor, and this expression is similar to that observed in macrophages, but lower than what it is found in lymphocytes. The analysis of phenotypic membrane markers, phagocytic activity, antigenic presentation and cytokine production did not revealed any changes in the cells treated with adrenergic agonists. However, treatment with the adrenergic ligands was able to alter the expression of CD40, CD80, CD83, CXCL1, TGFB1, FCGR3A, CCR7 and CCL5 genes in DCs and macrophages stimulated with LPS or TNF-α. Although the effects of adrenergic ligands have not been strongly demonstrated in the tests performed, the results suggest that small changes can be caused by the binding of catecholamines in DCs, suggesting that they can be modulated by the SNS, modifying immune responses.
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Schanz, Hans Roland. "Femtosecond broadbandfluorescence upconversion." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964914964.
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Eriksson, Paul. "Automatisk sekvens av mesaugn : säkerhet och programmering." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektroteknik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36787.
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BillerudKorsnäs AB (BK) i Gävle är ett av de världsledande företagen inom tillverkning av vätskekartong. För att fortsatt vara ett ledande företag arbetar de dagligen med förbättringsförslag för att utveckla och öka fabrikens säkerhet och tillgänglighet. Detta examensarbete innehåller ett av många förbättringsförslag på avdelningen, Lut och Kraft. BillerudKorsnäs AB har en tydlig önskan om att åtgärda ett känt problem som kan leda till förödande ekonomiska konsekvenser. Examensarbetet har bestått av att införa en automatisk nedkylningssekvens av mesaugnen, med fokusområde på säkerhet och programmering. Säkerhet är ett brett område och arbetsuppgifterna har avgränsats till automationsnära uppgifter för att hålla sig inom tidsramen på tio veckor. För att hålla samma kontinuitet och standard hos BK har programmeringen utgått från att använda nuvarande programmeringsspråk funktionsblocks diagram i styrsystemet AC450 från ABB. Metoden som har använts i arbetet är aktionsforskning som innehöll planering, riskanalys och dokumentation för att minimera och eliminera tänkbara risker, relaterade till personsäkerhet och maskinutrustning. Målsättningen med examensarbetet var att ha en fungerade, säker och pålitlig nedkylningssekvens. För att optimera processen, avlasta processoperatören och förbättra arbetsmiljön i kontrollrummet genom att automatisera ett arbetsmoment. Simuleringen har påvisat att nedkylningssekvensens funktion uppfyller BK önskan. På grund av fabriksstopp under examensarbetets tidsram har idrifttagning blivit försenat och provkörningen har flyttats fram.BillerudKorsnäs AB (BK) in Gävle is one of the world-leading companies in the manufacture of liquid board. To continue to be a leading company, they work daily with improvement proposals to develop and increase the factory's safety and availability. This thesis contains one of many improvement proposals in the department, Lut och Kraft. BillerudKorsnäs AB has a clear desire to remedy a known problem that can lead to devastating financial consequences. The degree project has consisted of introducing an automatic cooling sequence of the lime kiln, with a focus area on safety and programming. Security is a broad area and the tasks have been limited to automation-related tasks to stay within the time frame of ten weeks. To maintain the same continuity and standard at BK, the programming has been based on using the current programming script function block diagram in the control system AC450 from ABB. The method that has been used in the work is action research that included planning, risk analysis and documentation to minimize and eliminate possible risks, related to personal safety and machine equipment. The goal of the degree project was to have a functional, safe, and reliable cooling sequence. To optimize the process, relieve the process operator and improve the working environment in the control room by automating a work step. The simulation has shown that the function of the cooling sequence fulfills the BK desire. Due to a factory shutdown during the degree project's time frame, commissioning has been delayed and the test drive has been moved forward.
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Yogev, Nir [Verfasser]. "Exploring the function of IL-10, BTLA and DCs as regulators of immune responses / Nir Yogev." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek Mainz, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1018331085/34.
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Leimalm, Jonas, and Kristian Partanen. "Checklista för start av kall ångturbin via HMI på Örtoftaverket : Doosan Skoda MTD30 & ABB 800xA DCS." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Sjöfartshögskolan (SJÖ), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-68726.
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Projektet är utfört på uppdrag av Kraftringen AB för deras nybyggda värmekraftverk i Örtofta med anledning av att den befintliga dokumentationen över de olika systemen saknar en tydlig steg-för-steg process med avseende på drift, start och stopp av anläggningen. Fokuset för denna uppsats är avgränsad till uppstart genom HMI för ångturbin. Genom observationer på plats i värmekraftverket samt tagit del av driftpersonalens egna instruktioner, har en checklista och flödesschema tagits fram av uppsatstagarna. Resultatet har fått en högre tillförlitlighet tack vare att uppsatstagarna även har haft tillgång till dokumentation från leverantörer i form av papper och digitala kopior i Kraftringens interna nätverk. Detta projekt har lett fram till en tydlig och enhetlig steg-för-steg process som kommer att underlätta driftpersonalens arbete på Örtoftaverket och skapa en ytterligare effektivitet vid uppstart av ångturbin.
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Lautridou, Jacky. "Determination of inherited or acquired factors involved in decompression sickness : creation of a DCS resistant rat strain." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0135.
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L’Accident de Décompression présente un risque majeur pour les plongeurs. Il est admis que la formation de bulles circulantes est à l’origine de l’ADD. Cependant, une forte variabilité inter individuelle existe entre plongeurs, avec une faible corrélation entre bulles et symptômes de l’ADD. Plusieurs mécanismes physiologiques ont été liés à l’ADD, mais aucun d’entre eux ne semble déterminant dans la mise en place de la pathologie. Dans ce contexte, des techniques issues de la médecine de précision pourraient apporter de nouveaux éléments de compréhension.Durant cette thèse, nous avons effectué des études protéomiques afin d’étudier les possibles changements du protéome plasmatique de rats et de plongeurs suite à une plongée avec ou sans ADD, dans le but de trouver de potentiels biomarqueurs de développement précoce de l’ADD. Nous avons de plus mis en évidence une potentielle implication de processus inflammatoires dans la mise en place des symptômes de l’ADD. Un protocole de sélection a ensuite été utilisé dans le but de créer une nouvelle souche de rats résistante à l’ADD. Une résistance à l’ADD est apparue en l’espace d’une génération chez les femelles, deux chez les mâles. Une caractérisation physiologique de la souche résistante a montré une potentielle implication d’une région spécifique du chromosome X, ainsi que des modifications du fonctionnement du muscle lisse vasculaire, de la résistance aux espèces réactives de l’oxygène, de la consommation d’oxygène mitochondriale, et du système immunitaire. Les suites de cette caractérisation se focaliseront sur des études transcriptomiques et génétiques, en particulier sur la région d’intérêt du chromosome XDecompression Sickness is one of the most serious hazards for divers. It is usually admitted that DCS origins from circulating bubbles. However, a strong inter-individual variability exists between divers, resulting in a poor correlation between bubble grade and DCS symptoms. Several physiological mechanisms have been linked with DCS, but none of them appeared to be determinant in the onset of the pathology. In this context, medicine precision techniques may offer new insights, with a broader approach.During this thesis, we used proteomics to investigate changes of the plasma proteome of rats and divers during diving, with and without DCS, and aimed at finding biomarkers of early DCS development. We found that acute inflammation may play a role in the onset on DCS, and that proteomics may be fitted to look for new biomarkers. We also used a selection protocol to create a new DCS resistant rat strain, which was significantly more resistant than classic Wistar rats. Moreover, DCS resistance was gained in a matter of only 2 reproductions cycles (only 1 for females), which gives evidence of heritable components of DCS resistance/susceptibility that might be carried out by the X chromosome. A characterization of this DCS resistant strain showed a number of physiological adaptations gained during the selection process. Indeed, DCS resistant rats showed a decreased mitochondrial oxygen global consumption, a decrease of vascular smooth muscle contraction and relaxation as well as a raise of neutrophils count among males.Further characterization of the DCS resistant strain will focus on transcriptomic and genetic studies, especially on the genomic region of interest located on the X chromosome
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Schmitt, Sven [Verfasser]. "Recognition of cytosolic 3´P DNA & the role of GCET2+ DCs in cross-presentation / Sven Schmitt." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1208764985/34.
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Lawand, Myriam. "Rôle des transporteurs de peptides dans la présentation antigénique par les cellules dendritiques." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T053.
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Les cellules dendritiques (DCs) sont des cellules spécialisées dans la présentation de l'antigène aux lymphocytes (CPAs), capables d'initier des réponses immunitaires adaptatives et ce sont également les acteurs majeurs de la présentation croisée des antigènes exogènes par le complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité de classe I (CMH-I). Les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires de la présentation croisée ont beaucoup été étudiés, mais des questions importantes restent à élucider. Notre laboratoire a précédemment montré que la pré-incubation à basse température des DCs déficientes pour TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) normalise l’expression de molécules du CMH-I à la surface et la présentation croisée des antigènes phagocytés par une voie dépendante du protéasome, suggérant que les phagosomes pourraient être dotés d’un transporteur alternatif pour importer les peptides générés dans le cytosol par le protéasome. Comme la source de CMH-I chargés par cette voie reste incertaine, il est possible que le rôle de TAP dans la présentation croisée des antigènes phagocytés soit indirect et limité à fournir les molécules de CMH-I disponibles pour un chargement pendant leur recyclage. Ainsi, notre objectif était de déterminer le rôle exact de TAP dans le transport de peptides à l'intérieur du phagosome et d'évaluer le rôle de TAP-L (TAP-like), un transporteur lysosomal ATP-dépendant avec une fonction putative dans la présentation antigénique. Nous avons mis au point une technique de transport des peptides par cytométrie en flux (phagoFACS) et montré que TAP est présent dans les phagosomes des DCs et est capable de transporter des peptides ayant une forte affinité pour TAP d'une manière ATP-dépendante. Cette technique permet l'exclusion des phagosomes ayant un défaut d’intégrité membranaire, obtenus lors de la préparation des phagosomes, et apporte une preuve directe de l'accumulation du peptide à l'intérieur des phagosomes. Les paramètres affectant cette accumulation sont la maturation phagosomale et la présence de molécules CMH-I liant le peptide. De façon surprenante, en l'absence de TAP, le peptide SIINFEKL dérivé de l’ovalbumine ayant une affinité intermédiaire pour TAP est transporté de manière ATP-dépendante dans le phagosome. Ceci est cohérent avec l’hypothèse suggérant la présence d'un autre transporteur de peptide dans les phagosomes des DCs. Nous avons utilisé la même technique pour évaluer la fonction physiologique de TAP-L dans le transport de peptides et montré que TAP-L est présent dans les phagosomes et serait responsable de l’import de peptides dans ces vésicules. Nos résultats suggèrent aussi que TAP-L semble jouer un rôle dans la présentation croisée des antigènes phagocytés à basse température. Ceci a été observé dans des DCs déficientes pour TAP et TAP-L, indiquant que les deux transporteurs pourraient coopérer pour assurer l’import des peptides dans les phagosomes. Nous avons également pu démontrer un rôle de TAP-L dans la présentation de l’antigène par CMH-II. Ces résultats nous encouragent à explorer les mécanismes sous-jacents à ces fonctions pour comprendre la contribution relative de chaque transporteur de peptides dans la présentation antigéniqueDendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells, capable of activating resting T cells and of initiating primary and stimulating memory immune responses. DCs can efficiently use internalized antigens for presentation by major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) molecules: a phenomenon referred to as “cross-presentation.” Cross-presentation is important in priming of CD8+ T-cell responses to a variety of pathogens and to tumors as well as in immune tolerance to self and in autoimmunity. The molecular and cell biological mechanisms underlying cross-presentation have been studied intensively but important issues remain unclear. Our laboratory has previously shown that the pre-incubation of TAP-deficient DCs at low temperature normalized surface MHC-I expression and cross-presentation of phagocytosed antigens in a proteasome-dependent pathway. This suggested that phagosomes might harbor an alternative peptide transporter to import peptides generated by cytosolic proteasome complexes. As the source of MHC-I loaded in this pathway remains unclear, it is possible that the principal or partial role of TAP in proteasome-dependent cross-presentation of phagocytosed antigens is to provide recycling cell surface class I molecules. Our aim was to assess the exact role of TAP in peptide transport into phagosomes and to examine the role of the transporter associated with antigen processing-like (TAP-L), a lysosomal transporter with a putative function in antigen presentation. We have developed an assay of peptide transport using flow cytometry (phagoFACS) and shown that TAP is present in DC phagosomes and capable of transporting at least peptides with high affinity to TAP in an ATP-dependant manner. Using this assay, which allowed for eliminating background due to leaky vesicles, we were able to provide direct evidence of peptide accumulation inside phagosomes. ATP-dependant peptide accumulation inside phagosomes was affected by phagosomal maturation and by the presence of a peptide-binding MHC class I-molecule. Surprisingly, in the absence of TAP, another peptide transporter may be able to transport a peptide with intermediate affinity to TAP, namely the ovalbumin peptide SIINFEKL, in an ATP-dependant manner. We used the same technique to assess the function of TAP-L in peptide transport and found that TAP-L may be involved in peptide import into phagosomes. Additional results suggest that TAP-L plays a role in MHC-II presentation and cross-presentation of phagocytosed antigens at low temperature. The latter was shown in DCs lacking both transporters, suggesting that TAP and TAP-L might cooperate to ensure peptide import into phagosomes. The mechanisms underlying these functions should be explored to understand the relative contribution of each peptide transporter to antigen presentation
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Johansson, David. "Reducera stopptiden för en lutanalysator : Kan detta göras med ett användarvänligt gränssnitt?" Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42919.
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The Smurfit Kappa Piteå is Europe's largest paper mill for Kraftliner. [1] The factory contains of both a sulphate mill and a paper mill including two paper machines. In a sulphate mill, pulp is produced by boiling wood chips with liquor that contains active chemicals such as Na2S and NaOH. There is a cost saving in chemical recycling instead of replacing used chemicals with new ones. In order for boiling pulp and have the process of recycling of chemicals to work optimally, the various liquids must maintain certain values and concentrations. It takes a lot of time and resources when the operators have to do it manually, and therefore the process owner has invested in a process analyzer that is physically connected to the pipes where the chemicals pass to automatically take out samples and analyze them. However, the analyzer has very big problems with crystallization of transportation pipes, valves that get stuck, and the only unit that provides information about the problems is a HMI-display located next to the factory's soda boiler. This place next to the soda boiler is an unpleasant area to stay at. That is one of the reasons that it often takes a long time from the analyzer encounters a problem until someone discovers the problem and contacts the accurate service department to fix the problem. The availability of the analyzer thus needs to be developed. The analyzer had its own PLC with control signals for valves and sensors. Those signals were picked out and sent through a PROFIbus DP to the operators ordinary control system ABB 800Xa. Also, a process image of the analyzer was designed and a number of functions for detecting and reporting problems were implemented. Each valve and sensor received its own faceplate with associated alarms. Now the operators could, with this user-friendly system, more quickly detect problems and address them to the right maintenance department. By interviewing the operators who work with the analyzer, it was made possible to measure the use of creating a new process image as a tool for troubleshooting. Many operators say in the interviews that they feel that the new process image makes them more aware of operational malfunctions of the analyzer that require action. However, some of the mechanical weaknesses in the design that cause these problems still remains, and must be fixed.Smurfit Kappa Piteå är Europas största pappersbruk för Kraftliner. [1] De har både ett sulfatbruk och ett pappersbruk med två egna pappersmaskiner. I ett sulfatbruk tillverkas pappersmassa genom att koka träflis med vitlut som innehåller aktiva kokkemikalier såsom Na2S och NaOH. Det finns en kostnadsbesparing i kemikalieåtervinning istället för att ersätta förbrukade kokkemikalier. För att kokning av pappersmassa och återvinning av kemikalier ska fungera optimalt måste de olika vätskorna hålla vissa styrkor och koncentrationer. Det kostar tid och resurser när operatörerna gör det manuellt, därför har processägaren investerat i en processanalysator som är fysiskt ansluten till de ledningar där de viktiga kemikalierna transporteras för att automatiskt ta ut prov och analysera dessa. Analysatorn har dock problem med kristallisering av ledningar, ventiler som fastnar samtidigt som den tillhörande HMI-displayen ger knapphändig information om problemen. Därtill är HMI-displayen placerad i anslutning till fabrikens sodalutpanna, och är besvärlig att komma åt. Det tar ofta lång tid från det att analysatorn stöter på problem tills dess att någon upptäckt det, samt adresserat rätt avdelning för att avhjälpa felet. Tillgängligheten för analysatorn behövde förbättras. Analysatorns styrsignaler för dess ventiler och sensorer plockades ut och skickades via en PROFIbus DP till operatörernas ordinarie styrsystem. Därefter designades en processbild som visualiserade hur analysatorn ser ut, och ett antal funktioner för att upptäcka och rapportera problem implementerades. Varje ventil och sensor fick sin egen faceplate med tillhörande larm. Detta för att möjliggöra att operatörerna med ett användarvänligt system, snabbare upptäcka problem och adressera dem till rätt underhållsavdelning. Genom att intervjua operatörer som jobbar på det processavsnitt där analysatorn står placerad kan det konstateras att målet att designa en ny processbild, samt använda den och dess funktioner som ett verktyg för att snabbare upptäcka och adressera problem fungerar. Många operatörer säger i intervjuerna att de upplever att den nya processbilden gör dem mer uppmärksamma på driftstörningar av analysatorn som kräver åtgärder. Däremot så kvarstår en del av de mekaniska svagheter i konstruktionen som orsakar dessa problem.
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Deltimple, Nathalie. "Etude et réalisation d'un amplificateur de puissance reconfigurable en technologie BiCMOS SiGe pour des applications multi-standards GSM/DCS/UMTS." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672950.
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Les travaux présentés dans la thèse portent sur la conception d'amplificateurs de puissance reconfigurables dans la technologie SiGe BiCMOS7RF de STMicroelectronics. Les applications visées sont les terminaux multi-standards de communications mobiles GSM/DCS/UMTS. Ces amplificateurs doivent être capables de modifier dynamiquement leurs propriétés en fonction à la fois du standard utilisé à un moment donné et du niveau de la puissance d'entrée afin de travailler à rendement optimum et préserver les batteries des terminaux. Pour cela, nous avons du faire face aux principaux points de divergence de ces standards: le rendement pour le GSM et le DCS afin de diminuer la puissance consommée et la linéarité pour l'UMTS qui utilise une modulation à enveloppe non-constante. L'amplificateur de puissance reconfigurable doit donc faire face à cette contradiction. Nous proposons une architecture capable d'adapter ses caractéristiques en fonction du standard choisi, en décrivant des méthodes permettant de modifier les caractéristiques principales de l'amplificateur : la classe de fonctionnement, le point de compression à 1 dB et le gain de la structure, le but étant de travailler à rendement optimum. Tous ces points de contrôles sont autant de leviers qui permettent de modifier les paramètres de l'amplificateur et de privilégier les critères de linéarité et de rendement l'un par rapport à l'autre, afin que l'amplificateur réponde aux spécifications du standard utilisé à un moment donné. La réalisation d'un amplificateur de puissance reconfigurable nous a permis de valider la fonctionnalité de la technique proposée. Mots-clés : multi-standard, circuits RF BiCMOS, amplificateur de puissance reconfigurable, classes de fonctionnement, variation du CP1, compromis linéarité-rendement, rendement optimum.
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Lopes, Andreia Rodrigues Josefino. "Avaliação de mecanismo de escape imunológico do complexo Burkholderia cepacia." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8527.
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Dissertação para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e BiomediciaO Complexo Burkholderia cepacia (BCC) tem vindo a ter cada vez mais atenção por parte da comunidade científica, principalmente devido ao perigo que representa para os doentes com fibrose quística (FQ). Os mecanismos de infecção e invasão estão a ser cada vez mais estudados, e a versatilidade deste grupo de bactérias tem-se provado excepcional. Por outro lado, também se tem começado a estudar a sua interacção com o hospedeiro. Assim com o objectivo de contribuir para o esclarecimento desta questão são estudados, neste trabalho, de forma comparativa 4 variantes clonais de B. cenocepacia isoladas de um mesmo doente, sendo este o primeiro trabalho a abordar questões imunológicas em isolados clonais. O objectivo deste trabalho foi verificar se existiam diferenças entre os isolados ao nível de: internalização por células dendríticas (DCs) e macrófagos derivados de monócitos humanos, capacidade para induzir morte celular nas DCs e macrófagos, indução de maturação das DCs e no tipo e capacidade de produção de citocinas pelas DCs. Este trabalho sugere que parte do sucesso na adaptação da B. cenocepacia ao ambiente pulmonar dos doentes de FQ e na infecção do mesmo passa também pela evolução nos mecanismos de escape imunológico desta bactéria. Demonstrou-se que os isolados mais virulentos são os menos internalizados, estimulam maior expressão de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e maior supressão da sua maturação. Os nossos resultados sugerem ainda que a morte celular induzida por estas bactérias é provocada maioritariamente por apoptose. Estes factores poderão explicar as diferenças de virulências entre os vários isolados clonais, através da subversão da resposta imune para uma melhor instalação da infecção.
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Bellavita, Salvatore. "Sbottigliamento della linea di sintesi di uno stabilizzante per plastiche." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.
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Il presente elaborato di tesi illustra le procedure di progettazione dello sbottigliamento della sezione di sintesi di uno stabilizzante per plastiche.
Per poter effettuare una corretta analisi sono stati utilizzati software quali Osi soft PI (PI Vision) e DCS. Lo studio è stato suddiviso nelle seguenti parti:
- Analisi dei tempi di ciclo e del funzionamento in dettaglio della linea di interesse. L’analisi ha permesso di individuare il collo di bottiglia della linea, sul quale è stato poi valutato un possibile intervento volto al miglioramento della situazione attuale.
- Analisi delle possibili alternative tecnologiche per la sostituzione dei Bad Actors (apparecchiature di linea che presentano particolari criticità). Nello specifico, è stata investigata la sostituzione del presso-filtro con una centrifuga con separazione per filtrazione.
- Proposta di diverse idee di intervento, accompagnate da risultati e commenti. La più promettente sembra essere l’ultima idea analizzata, che comporta un aumento del batch Size del 27% circa. In questo caso, con lo schema impiantistico proposto e la nuova procedura operativa, si riesce ad ottenere un aumento della capacità produttiva di oltre il 30%.
- Possibile installazione in impianto. A questo punto è stata ricercata in campo (anche analizzando la planimetria disponibile) una possibile ubicazione per le apparecchiature proposte, nelle immediate vicinanze di quelle già esistenti.
- Valutazione economica delle idee proposte. Infine, è stata effettuata una valutazione economica delle nuove apparecchiature da inserire, che ha permesso di verificare se le nuove proposte portano benefici tangibili nel breve periodo. In particolare, si è stimato che tutte le soluzioni analizzate raggiungono il break-even point entro un anno di funzionamento della linea produttiva. Di conseguenza l’investimento economico da affrontare porta certamente ad un guadagno, anche quasi immediato.
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Mathis, Diane Lynne, and Virginia Lynne Reed. "Differences between personality traits of DCS intake and carrier workers, their goodness of job fit, and its effect on job satisfaction." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2081.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a different personality trait between Department of Children's Services, intake and carrier workers. If there is a difference, does it effect job satisfaction when the worker is placed in a position that is not compatible with their personality trait?
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DE, ICCO ROBERTO. "TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION (t-DCS) AS ADD-ON TO NEUROREHABILITATION OF PISA SYNDROME IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1371675.
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Background: Pisa Syndrome (PS) is a lateral trunk flexion frequently associated to Parkinson’s disease (PD). The management of PS is still a challenge for the physicians, because it poorly responds to the anti-parkinsonian drugs, and the improvement achieved with neurorehabilitation or botulinum toxin injections tends to fade in 6 months or less. Transcranial direct current stimulation (t-DCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, which showed promising results in movement disorders. The aim of our study is to evaluate the role of bi-hemispheric t-DCS as add-on to neurorehabilitation in PS.
Methods: Twenty-eight patients with PD and PS (21 male, age 72.9±5.1 years, PD duration 9.3±7.4 years, PS duration 3.0±1.9 years) received a 4-week intensive neurorehabilitation treatment and were randomized to receive t-DCS (t-DCS group, n=13), 5 daily sessions (20 minutes - 2 mA) with cathode over the primary motor cortex (M1) contralateral to PS, and anode over the M1 cortex ipsilateral to PS, or sham group (sham group, n=15). At baseline (T0), end of rehabilitation (T1) and 6 months later, patients were evaluated with trunk kinematic analysis in static and dynamic conditions, UPDRS-III, FIM, and VAS for lumbar pain rating. At T0, the evaluations were completed by an EMG study of trunk muscles.
Results: The study groups were comparable for clinical/demographic features and EMG phenotypes. When compared to sham group, t-DCS group achieved better results in several variables: overall posture (p=0.014), lateral inclination (p=0.013) of trunk during upright standing position, total range of motion (ROM) of the trunk (p=0.012), ROM of bending ipsilateral to PS (p=0.037), and ROM of anterior trunk flexion (p=0.014). The improvement in the overall trunk posture in upright standing position was persistent in t-DCS group at 6 months (T2 vs. T0: p<0.05). UPDRS-III scores decreased after rehabilitation (p=0.001), without significant differences between t-DCS and sham groups (p=0.942). In contrast, FIM score and lumbar pain intensity improved the most in t-DCS group when compared to sham group (p=0.048, and p=0.017 respectively). The EMG pattern was not a predictor of the efficacy of the t-DCS treatment.
Conclusions: Our data supports the use of neuromodulation with t-DCS as add-on to neurorehabilitation for the treatment of patients affected by PS in PD. t-DCS is a non-invasive and repeatable approach that proved effective even in those patients with an EMG pattern not amenable to botulinum toxin injections.
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Mezger, Matthias Reiner [Verfasser]. "Die Rolle dendritischer Zellen (DCs) für die Modulation der Angiogenese. Charakterisierung der molekularen Mechanismen in der Beeinflussung der Angiogenese / Matthias Reiner Mezger." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:21-dspace-940377.
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Ferragut, R. "Etude des circuits de commande assurant la compatibilité électromagnétique des variateurs de lumière utilisant des interrupteurs à grille isolée : application aux MBS." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677873.
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Les composants à grille isolée sont de plus en plus souvent utilisés dans les variateurs de lumière connectés au secteur. L'utilisation de ces composants permet d'assurer la compatibilité électromagnétique du système en contrôlant les formes d'onde de commutation. Dans ce contexte, l'objet de ce travail porte sur l'étude des méthodes de commande des composants à grille isolée permettant de réduire les perturbations émises tout en conservant des pertes de commutation acceptables. Nous présentons dans une première partie un modèle comportemental du MBS lors de sa fermeture sur charges résistives. Ce modèle permet d'analyser l'influence des différents paramètres électriques du MBS sur les formes donde de commutation. Il permet également de déterminer en simulation les perturbations électromagnétiques générées. Dans une seconde partie nous nous intéressons aux circuits de commande permettant aux variateurs de lumière utilisant des MBS de respecter les normes de compatibilité électromagnétique. Une méthode de dimensionnement des commandes R-C est présentée. Les performances de ce type de commande en terme de perturbations électromagnétiques générées et de pertes de commutation sont déterminées en simulation puis en mesure. La principale limite de ces commandes provient de leur sensibilité aux variations des paramètres électriques du composant commandé. Ceci nous a poussé à développer un nouveau type de commande permettant d'assurer des commutations peu perturbatrices de manière simple et fiable. Le principe de la commande développée, basée sur un contrôle en courant du composant, est présenté et ses performances sont analysées tant en simulation qu'en réalité. La sensibilité aux dispersions de paramètre obtenue est faible par rapport à celle des commandes classiques. D'autre part, le circuit de commande proposé présente l'avantage d'être réalisable sous forme d'un circuit intégré monolithique. L'utilisation de cette nouvelle commande a permis la réalisation d'un variateur de lumière à MBS d'une puissance maximale de 500W respectant les normes CEM sans filtre secteur et ne dissipant qu'une puissance de 3,5W soit un rendement de conversion de 99,3%.
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Khatle, Tryphina Zanele. "Skills development for the social reintegration of offenders : a case-study of Johannesburg management area / Tryphina Zanele Khatle." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10285.
Full textAbstract:
The Department of Correctional Services (Johannesburg Management Area) is established in the South of Johannesburg in Gauteng Province. It was founded in 1982. According to the Annual Report of the Department of Correctional Services 2009, the institution was initially developed to house 2630 offenders. Presently it accommodates 10130 offenders. These offenders are dependent on the number of facilities and officials for rehabilitation purpose. The discrepancy in the number of officials to that of offenders is a challenge within the Department of Correctional Services with regard to skills development. The study was based on the hypothesis that “effective implementation of skills development within Johannesburg Management Area may lead to a successful social reintegration of offenders”. The empirical research was conducted to support the hypothesis. Questionnaire was distributed and interviews were conducted to obtain responses. the findings reveal that offenders who are skilled are easy to be reintegrated and at the same time skilled officials are able to play a vital role in facilitating the social reintegration of offenders Study further reveals that skilled officials are able to network on behalf of offenders with ease and are able to increase job opportunities for offenders who are already on social reintegration programme. The study recommends that the Johannesburg Management area need to restructure its human resource development office, ensure that experienced and qualified facilitators are employed. Each correctional centre should have qualified facilitators who are experienced in adult education to skill offenders in various areas of development. The study leaves a scope for future research stating that Department of Correctional Services do further analysis on skills development and Social reintegration of offenders nationally to find a common and standard approach that will assist in the full reintegration of offendersM, Development and Management, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011
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COMI, ALESSANDRO. "Memoria verbale nei pazienti con glioma cerebrale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/64636.
Full textAbstract:
Si sono studiati i correlati neurali dei sistemi di memoria verbale in pazienti con glioma cerebrale. Si tratta di pazienti sottoposti ad asportazione di lesioni cerebrali dell’emisfero dominante, in cui le funzioni mnestiche sono state valutate mediante prove specifiche prima e dopo l’intervento chirurgico, per verificare l’impatto funzionale dell’espanso e della rimozione della lesione. L’indagine anatomo-funzionale si è inoltre avvalsa delle tecniche di mappaggio cerebrale in awake surgery laddove l’intervento è stato eseguito in anestesia asleep-awake per la rimozione dei tumori estesi alle aree del linguaggio. Nel primo studio si esamina l’impatto della crescita tumorale sulla memoria verbale: le valutazioni neuropsicologiche effettuate pre-trattamento hanno permesso di identificare difficoltà conclamate o lievi compromissioni, che variano in funzione delle aree di infiltrazione tumorale; la prospettiva anatomo-clinica ha fornito una conferma dell’esistenza di sistemi di memoria verbale in distretti anatomo-funzionali differenti. Il secondo studio esamina i correlati neurali della memoria verbale a breve termine in un gruppo di pazienti sottoposti a mappaggio cerebrale in awake surgery: la stimolazione corticale e sottocorticale diretta ha permesso di identificare un circuito fronto-parietale coinvolto nei processi di MBT; l’analisi degli errori registrati durante i test intraoperatori ha permesso inoltre di distinguere il substrato neurale delle due componenti del circuito fonologico. Il terzo studio valuta gli effetti della lobectomia temporale sulla memoria a lungo termine; le prove mnestiche somministrate ad una settimana dall’intervento e dopo tre mesi hanno evidenziato prestazioni patologiche che non vanno incontro ad un rapido recupero nei pazienti che hanno subito la rimozione di un circuito cortico-sottocorticale esteso dalle regioni temporo-polari a quelle temporali mesiali; lo studio anatomico mediante voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping delle aree asportate ha permesso di verificare i correlati neurali di memoria semantica e apprendimento verbale. Questi risultati confermano che i pazienti con tumore cerebrali possono fornire dati interessanti nello studio dei deficit neuropsicologici.
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Carvajal, Roy Daniel Aguirre. "Avaliação da eficiência de compensadores de atrito implementados em um sistema digital de controle distribuído." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3139/tde-20072016-152123/.
Full textAbstract:
O objetivo principal deste trabalho de Mestrado é avaliar compensadores que tentam diminuir o efeito do atrito estático existente em válvulas de controle. Os compensadores de atrito utilizados neste trabalho foram: CR1, CR2 Knocker, Two-move, controle por modos deslizantes e controle por modos deslizantes integrador. Estes compensadores são implementados em um ambiente industrial (SDCD). Devido ao atrito, o sistema tem um comportamento não-linear, o qual pode afetar o bom rendimento de um controlador PID, sendo que o sistema em malha fechada pode ter oscilações. Então, para obter uma diminuição do efeito do atrito, empregam-se compensadores de atrito. Para implementá-los, é necessário conhecer os parâmetros do atrito existente. Portanto, a primeira parte deste trabalho consiste em uma explicação dos diferentes modelos e métodos que se vai usar neste trabalho. Também foram realizadas simulações das estratégias de controle utilizadas. Após estes tópicos, vai se identificar o modelo do sistema que conta com uma malha de controle de vazão, com o objetivo de auxiliar na sintonia do controlador PID. Depois, introduzem-se os compensadores de atrito, os quais tentam minimizar os índices ITAE (Integrated Time Absolute Error) e IAE (Integrated Absolute Error), bem como o desgaste que se produz nos equipamentos, devido ao uso (excessiva movimentação da haste das válvulas). O objetivo assumido é implementar as estratégias de controle em um software industrial. Os resultados mostraram que os compensadores CR1 e CR2 obtiveram os melhores índices de desempenho e conseguiram compensar o atrito na haste da válvula de controle.The main objective of this work is to evaluate compensators that try to decrease the static friction effect existent in control valves. The friction compensaters used in this work were: CR1, CR2, Knocker, Two-move, sliding mode control and sliding mode control with integrator. These compensators are implemented in an industrial environment (DCS). Due to friction, the system has a nonlinear behavior, which may affect the good performance of a PID controller, wherein the closed loop system can have oscillations. So to get a decrease in the effect of friction, friction compensators are employed. To implement them, it is necessary to know the parameters of the friction existent. So the first part of this work consists of an explanation of the different models and methods that will be use in this work. Also, simulations were made of the control strategies used. After these topics, it will be identify the system model which has a own control loop, in order to help the PID controller tuning. Then it will be introduced friction compensators, which attempt to minimize the ITAE (Integral Time Absolute Error) and IAE (Integrated Absolute Error), and wear that occurs on the equipment due to the use (excessive movement of the valve stem). The assumed objective is to implement control strategies in industrial software. The results show that the compensators CR1 and CR2 have the best performance indexes and they compensate for the friction in the control valve stem.
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Czipszer, Jiří. "Vyhodnocovaní efektivity výroby." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-413258.
Full textAbstract:
The master thesis deals with the issue of evaluation of efficiency and data collection of lines in production, using the APROL program from B\&R automation. The aim of this work is to create a program completed requirement, which is going to be compared with already implemented projects of the company and will serve to create a company standard. The first part is devoted to the description of the theory of this issue and used software. The second part describes the solution of the line simulator and the whole concept of collection and evaluation.
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Tagliani, Elisa. "Selection of an antibody library identifies a pathway to induce immunity by targeting CD36 on steady state CD8α+ dendritic cells." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85961.
Full textAbstract:
Due to their prominent role in the orchestration of a broad range of immune responses,
dendritic cells (DCs) have emerged in the past decade as central target for cancer immunotherapy.
Recent advance in the knowledge of DCs functions and subset specialization led to the design of
novel immunotherapeutic approaches based on the possibility to target DCs directly in vivo, thus
avoiding their ex vivo manipulation.
A promising strategy is to use antibodies to target antigens to cell-surface molecules expressed by
DCs, in order to increase T-cell mediated immune responses. The studies performed so far, have
revealed that the efficacy of in vivo DC vaccination depend on several factors including the specific
DC subset targeted, their maturation status and the nature and biological properties of the receptor
targeted. Therefore, the identification of the most appropriate ligand/receptor pairing it is a requisite
to improve the modality of delivery tumor Ags to DCs.
To this aim, we screened a library of Ab fragments on mouse DCs to isolate new potential antibodies
capable of targeting DCs in vivo and able to induce T-cell mediated immune responses against
specific antigens. In this study, we provide the proof of principle that the phage display technology
can be successfully used to isolate internalizing antibodies on mouse DCs. We further develop such
technology by engineering the selected molecules to create antigen fusion proteins to use in
vaccination protocols.
In particular, we focus on a high affinity Ab against CD36, a multiligand scavenger receptor
primarily expressed by the CD8α+ subset of conventional DCs. We characterize the antigen
presenting properties of this receptor which help to delineate a novel function of CD36 in adaptive
immunity. We show that targeting CD36 on DCs results in the delivery of exogenous Ags to both
the MHC class-I and MHC class-II processing pathways. In addition, immunization with the
recombinant anti CD36-Ag fusion Ab induces the robust activation of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ Ag
specific T lymphocytes and the differentiation of primed CD8+ T cells into long term effector CTLs.
Finally, we demonstrate that in vivo targeting of CD8α+ DCs with anti-CD36 Ab elicits humoral and
cell mediated protection from the growth of an Ag specific tumor. Collectively, these results identify
CD36 as an appropriate receptor to better elucidate the properties of the lymphoid organ resident
CD8+ DCs and indicate it as a novel potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Migdal, Camille. "Étude des évènements précoces impliqués dans l’activation des cellules dendritiques humaines induite par le thimerosal : rôle du stress oxydant : implication dans le développement de nouvelles méthodes alternatives à l’expérimentation animale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10087/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'eczéma allergique de contact (EAC) est une pathologie inflammatoire cutanée de plus en plus fréquente. Il s’agit d’une sensibilisation vis-à-vis de substances chimiques, appelées haptènes, qui sont en contact répété avec la peau. A l’heure actuelle, le pouvoir sensibilisant d’une molécule est évalué principalement grâce à des modèles animaux. Cependant, dans un contexte européen exigeant le développement de méthodes alternatives, la compréhension et la reproduction in vitro des mécanismes de l’EAC permettent le développement de nouvelles stratégies. Le but de ce travail, réalisé sur des cellules dendritiques (DCs) et la lignée humaine U937, est de mettre en évidence les événements précoces de la signalisation intracellulaire à l’origine de l’activation des DCs induite par des allergènes, et notamment par le composé mercurique thimerosal. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que l’induction d’un stress oxydant par les allergènes est un mécanisme induit précocement. L’utilisation d’antioxydants montre que ce mécanisme participe de manière directe à l’initiation du processus d’activation des DCs (expression du CD86 et sécrétion d’IL-8) et de l’apoptose. Le stress oxydant, caractérisé par une production d’ERO associée à une chute du potentiel membranaire mitochondrial et une déplétion en glutathion intracellulaire, est un acteur majeur de la signalisation induite par les allergènes et notamment dans la réponse induite par le thimerosal et le DNCB. Plus particulièrement, ce travail démontre le rôle des groupements thiols dans l’initiation de la transduction du signal aboutissant à l’activation des DCs. Par ailleurs, une signalisation calcique, dépendante du stress oxydant, a également été mise en évidence en réponse aux allergènes. Ces résultats mettent en valeur l’importance de l’étude de la réactivité des allergènes vis-à-vis des groupements thiols et de la nécessité de tenir compte du potentiel oxydant (rédox) des haptènes ainsi que du métabolisme cellulaire dans la mise en place de modèles prédictifs in vitroAllergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) resulting from skin sensitization is a frequent inflammatory skin disease linked to the use of chemicals, called haptens. At this time, the sensitizing potential of a new chemical is evaluated on animal models. However, new European legislation requires alternative methods for skin sensitization. In this context, a better knowledge of ACD and the capacity to reproduce in vitro its mechanisms lead to the development of new alternative methods. The aim of this study performed with human dendritic cells (DCs) and the human cell line U937 was to determine the early events involved in dendritic cell activation induced by contact sensitizers and especially by the mercury compound thimerosal. Data show that oxidative stress induced by sensitizers is an early signaling event leading to DC activation (expression of CD86 and IL-8 release) and to apoptosis. Using antioxidants, our data show that oxidative stress, characterized by ROS production in correlation with the depletion of the mitochondrial membrane potential and of intracellular glutathione, is a key player in signal transduction induced by sensitizers, especially in the response of DCs towards thimerosal and DNCB. More specifically, these studies demonstrate that thiol groups play a direct role in the initiating events leading to DC activation. In addition, calcium influx was detected in DCs exposed to sensitizers, in correlation with oxidative stress. These data highlight the great interest in the development of a hapten-protein binding assay based on thiol groups and the necessity to better understand the redox status of chemicals as well as cell metabolism for predicting skin sensitization
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Thorn, Penny Anne, and penny thorn@flinders edu au. "Electronic State Excitations in the Water Molecule by Collisions with Low Energy Electrons." Flinders University. Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080714.112505.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was largely concerned with measuring accurate absolute values for the electronic state excitation cross sections in H2O, in the incident electron energy range 15eV to 50eV. It is hoped that these data will eventually help to improve the current state of electron - molecule scattering theory, as well as being useful in various fields of modelling. As an illustration of this latter point, the cross sections determined here were used to calculate quantities of importance in atmospheric modelling, namely, electron energy transfer rates and rates for the excitation of water molecules by auroral secondary electrons.
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Tuci, Tommaso. "The Effect of Whole-Body Vibration Preconditioning on High-Altitude-Induced Venous Gas Emboli." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-276956.
Full textAbstract:
Decompression sickness (DCS) is a risk associated with high-altitude aviation and diving. During these activities, decompression may lead to supersaturation of inert gas dissolved in bodily tissues and subsequently activate bubble formation in various bodily tissues, including in venous blood, known as venous gas emboli (VGE). It has been shown that the amount of VGE detected during and after decompression is linked to the risk of developing DCS. Thus, lowering the incidence of VGE would lower the risk of developing DCS. Previous studies have demonstrated that a session of whole-body vibration prior to a diving session is effective in lowering VGE formation. However, no study has investigated the effect of whole-body vibration on high-altitude-induced VGE. For the present study, 3 participants were recruited. The subjects performed on separate days (interspaced by 48 h) and in a randomised manner, three different preconditioning strategies: (A) 40-min seated rest, (B) 30-min seated rest followed by 150 knee squats performed over a 10 min period and (C) 30-min whole-body vibration (40 Hz) proceeded by a 10 min seated rest. Thereafter, subjects were exposed to an altitude of 24,000 ft continuously for 90 min, whilst laying in a supine position and breathing a normoxic gas mixture (PIO2 = 21 kPa). Heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) were monitored throughout the high-altitude exposure. Every 5 min, VGE prevalence was assessed ultrasonically and graded according to the Eftedal-Brubakk 5-point scale. In addition, every 15 min, subjects were asked to perform three fast, unloaded knee-bends while in their left-side horizontal recumbent position, with VGE prevalence being estimated both before and after the three knee-bends. The control strategy was associated with a higher VGE scores (2.7 ± 1.2) compared to vibration (1.0 ± 1.0) and squats (1.3 ± 0.6) strategies. VGE appeared earlier during the control strategy (35 ± 23 min) compared to the vibration (65 ± 31 min) and squats (50 ± 17 min) strategies. A strong negative correlation was only observed in the control strategy between VGE and CO (r = -0.63) and SV (r = -0.64). This study demonstrated that whole-body vibration is the most effective preconditioning strategy in lowering the amount of high-altitude-induced VGE compared with 40-min of seated-rest and 150 knee squats performed over a period of 10 min.Att drabbas av dekompressionssjuka (DKS) utgör en risk vid såväl höghöjdsflygning som dykning. I samband med dessa aktiviteter, kan dekompression leda till övermättnad av inert-gas löst i kroppens vävnader, vilket i sin tur kan leda till bubbelformation i olika vävnader, inklusive i venblodet, där bubblorna benämns venösa gasembolier (VGE). Det har visats föreligga ett samband mellan mängden VGE som uppmäts under och efter dekompression och risken att utveckla DKS. Således kan det antas att en minskad incidens av VGE är förknippad med minskad risk att utveckla DKS. Tidigare undersökningar har påvisat att en period med helkroppsvibration före dykning påtagligt minskar bildningen av VGE. Hittills har man dock inte undersökt om helkroppsvibration påverkar höghöjdsinducerade VGE. I föreliggande undersökning, medverkade tre försökspersoner. De exponerades vid separata tillfällen (med 48 timmars mellanrum), och i olika ordningsföljd, för tre prekonditioneringsstrategier: (A) 40 min sittande vila, (B) 30 min sittande vila följt av 150 djupa knäböjningar som genomfördes under en 10-minutersperiod och (C) 10 min sittande vila följt av 30 min helkroppsvibration (40 Hz). Därefter exponerades försökspersonerna för en simulerad höjd motsvarande 24,000 fot ö.h. kontinuerligt under 90 min, under det att de i liggande ryggläge andades en normoxisk gasblandning (inspiratoriskt syrepartialtryck = 21 kPa). Hjärtfrekvens (HF), hjärtminutvolym (HMV) och hjärtats slagvolym (SV) mättes kontinuerligt under höghöjdsexponeringen. Var femte min bedömdes prevalensen av VGE med hjälp av ultraljudsteknik och en 5-gradig skattningsskala. Var femtonde min genomförde försökspersonerna 3 obelastade knäböjningar, liggande i vänster sidoläge, varvid VGE-prevalensen bedömdes såväl före som efter knäböjningarna. Kontrollbetingelsen (A) framkallade högre VGE-nivå (2,7 ± 1,2) än vibrationsbetingelsen (B; 1 ± 1) och knäböjbetingelsen (C; 1,3 ± 0,6). VGE uppträdde tidigare under kontrollbetingelsen (35 ± 23 min) än i vibrations- (65 ± 31 min) och knäböj-betingelserna (50 ± 17 min). Starka negativa samband påvisades mellan VGE och CO (r = -0,63) respektive SV (r = -0,64). Således visade föreliggande undersökning att helkroppsvibration.
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He, Lian. "NONCONTACT DIFFUSE CORRELATION TOMOGRAPHY OF BREAST TUMOR." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/33.
Full textAbstract:
Since aggressive cancers are frequently hypermetabolic with angiogenic vessels, quantification of blood flow (BF) can be vital for cancer diagnosis. Our laboratory has developed a noncontact diffuse correlation tomography (ncDCT) system for 3-D imaging of BF distribution in deep tissues (up to centimeters). The ncDCT system employs two sets of optical lenses to project source and detector fibers respectively onto the tissue surface, and applies finite element framework to model light transportation in complex tissue geometries. This thesis reports our first step to adapt the ncDCT system for 3-D imaging of BF contrasts in human breast tumors. A commercial 3-D camera was used to obtain breast surface geometry which was then converted to a solid volume mesh. An ncDCT probe scanned over a region of interest on the breast mesh surface and the measured boundary data were used for 3-D image reconstruction of BF distribution. This technique was tested with computer simulations and in 28 patients with breast tumors. Results from computer simulations suggest that relatively high accuracy can be achieved when the entire tumor was within the sensitive region of diffuse light. Image reconstruction with a priori knowledge of the tumor volume and location can significantly improve the accuracy in recovery of tumor BF contrasts. In vivo ncDCT imaging results from the majority of breast tumors showed higher BF contrasts in the tumor regions compared to the surrounding tissues. Reconstructed tumor depths and dimensions matched ultrasound imaging results when the tumors were within the sensitive region of light propagation. The results demonstrate that ncDCT system has the potential to image BF distributions in soft and vulnerable tissues without distorting tissue hemodynamics. In addition to this primary study, detector fibers with different modes (i.e., single-mode, few-mode, multimode) for photon collection were experimentally explored to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of diffuse correlation spectroscopy flow-oximeter measurements.
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Silva, Mariana Araújo Alves Martins da. "Impacto de antigénios glicosídicos na imunoterapia aplicada em cancro de bexiga." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6588.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética MolecularO cancro de bexiga não-músculo-invasivo é a neoplasia do tracto urinário mais frequente. A imunoterapia com bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) constitui a terapia de eleição para esta patologia. Uma vez que o cancro está associado à alteração da glicosilação, o objectivo deste trabalho consistiu em avaliar o efeito de antigénios tumorais glicosídicos em células de cancro de bexiga nos mecanismos de actuação de BCG e na modulação da resposta imune. Para isso, a expressão de antigénios sialilados e/ou fucosilados, assim como das glicosiltransferases envolvidas nas suas sínteses, foi analisada em diferentes linhas celulares de cancro de bexiga. Depois de analisado o perfíl glicosídico, foram realizados ensaios de internalização e citotoxicidade celular. Verificou-se que a linha celular MCRpLenti.ST6GN1, que expressa a sialiltransferase ST6GalNAc-I, e consequentemente o antigénio sialil-Tn (sTn), apresenta uma maior capacidade para internalizar BCG do que o respectivo controlo. Comparando as percentagens de internalização obtidas para as diferentes linhas celulares e os respectivos efeitos citotóxicos, os nossos resultados indicam que a indução de morte das células de cancro de bexiga por BCG é paralela à capacidade destas células para internalizarem BCG. Foi também demonstrado, através de ensaios de internalização com diferentes estirpes de BCG, que o processo de internalização e de susceptibilidade é depende da estirpe de BCG. Finalmente, investigámos se o antigénio sTn nas células tumorais afecta a interacção/reconhecimento pelas células dendríticas (DCs). Observou-se que as DCs induzem a proliferação das células tumorais de uma forma independente do sTn. Verificou-se, através da análise da expressão de moléculas apresentadoras de antigénio, que o sTn parece induzir a repressão do processo de maturação das DCs e influencia o processo de fagocitose das células tumorais por estas. Conclui-se que o sTn modela a imunoterapia aplicada em cancro de bexiga, influenciando o mecanismo de acção do BCG e suprimindo a imunogenicidade das DCs.
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Chu, H. S. "Couplages algorithmes génétiques et TLM pour la conception des antennes imprimées miniatures." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454611.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude contribue à la recherche de formes originales et non intuitives d'antennes miniatures. Il s'agit du développement et de l'application d'un code de calcul associant la simulation électromagnétique TLM (Transmission Line Matrix) à un Algorithme Génétique (AG). La partie théorique présente d'une part la méthode TLM et d'autre part les algorithmes génétiques. La méthode TLM, sur calculateur parallèle, permet d'analyser en 3 dimensions des antennes miniatures de formes arbitraires. Ses évolutions successives sont présentées avec l'objectif d'un couplage avec les algorithmes génétiques. Ceux-ci s'inspirent d'une technique d'optimisation stochastique basée sur la sélection naturelle et l'evolution des espèces. Une présentation définissant les grandeurs fondamentales à nos développements est effectuée. Dans la partie suivante, le couplage AG/TLM est décrit. La conception d'antennes, de formes intuitives ou non, est proposée pour deux types d'antennes bien connues, large bande et bi-bande. Il est ensuite propose un micro-algorithme génétique et son couplage avec la TLM (mAG/TLM) permettant d'atteindre une convergence plus rapide vers la solution optimale et d'éviter des convergences prématurées. Le code mAG/TLM a été appliqué à la recherche d'antennes imprimées, pour les normes WLAN2450 et HIPERLAN5250. Plusieurs antennes obtenues, chaque configuration dépend des conditions imposées sur les conditions initiales et sur la définition de la fonction ''objectif'', portant sur l'adaptation. Une étude expérimentale et de comparaisons systématique avec des logiciels commerciaux a été également développée. Enfin, dans la dernière partie, on s'est attache a l'optimisation d'antennes de type PIFA permettant de couvrir plusieurs standards, GSM, DCS, PCS, UMTS ou WLAN. Des résultats originaux sont proposes. En dernier lieu, des antennes filsplaques mono-polaires répondant aux standards WLAN/HIPERLAN2 et UMTS/HIPARLAN2 ont été obtenus.
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Kůtka, Michal. "Využití vyšších regulačních obvodů v praxi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376979.
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The master thesis deals with the implementation of higher controllers to the commonly used practice in the automation of technological processes. It uses the DCS system from Siemens - PCS 7 and its advanced APC (Advanced Process Control) library. The aim of this master thesis is a theoretical summary of resources and available tools for real-time deployment. The master thesis briefly introduces the Siemens PCS 7 DCS system and the APC library tools (functional blocks). For these types of regulators, their proper use is discussed.
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Lahza, Hassan Fareed M. "Designing a feature construction and selection approach for machine learning-based intrusion detection in industrial control system networks." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132657/1/Hassan%20Fareed%20M_Lahza_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis presents an approach for constructing new accurate and efficient advanced features to improve the accuracy of detecting cyber-attacks using machine learning on the critical infrastructure networks. The empirical results indicate that our feature construction approach not only outperforms other methods in term of detection rate and performance but also provides automation to the entire construction processes. This thesis also proposes a framework for constructing advanced features for various critical infrastructure communication protocols by adopting and improving the window-based feature construction method. The effectiveness of the framework was tested using a dataset extracted from real critical infrastructure equipment.
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Alsadi, Zeyneb. "Diffuse correlation spectroscopy for estimation of coagulation thickness : a phantom study." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158622.
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The objective of this preliminary study was to determine the potential of diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) for assessment of coagulation depth. Coagulation of tissue can occur due to a number of different reasons such as thermal or electrical burns or radiofrequency ablation. DCS is a non-invasive optical technique which can be used to determine the optical and dynamic properties of tissue by fitting a theoretical model of photon propagation in multiply scattering tissue to experimental data obtained from measurements. The DCS measurements were performed on two-layered phantom models that represent healthy tissue with high flow properties with a layer of coagulated tissue with low flow properties on top. Three different phantom models were prepared using gelatin-Intralipid gels, PDMS, and nylon as an upper layer, and an Intralipid solution was used for the bottom layer for all three phantoms. DCS measurements were performed on all three phantom models with varying thicknesses of the upper layers, and varying source-detector separations. The acquired data from the DCS measurement were analyzed in MATLAB in order to obtain the electric field temporal autocorrelation function. A theoretical model describing photon propagation in a two-layered medium was fitted to the obtained data in order to extract the desired parameters. The results showed that the thickness of the gelatin-Intralipid gels could be extracted within a 0.5 mm certainty and the thickness of the PDMS phantoms could also be extracted within approximately 0.7 mm. For the nylon phantoms, the results obtained were not good because the fitting was not successful and the thickness was not extracted appropriately. There is potential in DCS for assessment of burn wound depth but further research and development has to be done in the field in order to obtain more accurate and reliable results.
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De, Paola Ennio. "Ottimizzazione del sistema di controllo di una linea di produzione di nero di carbonio." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Un processo industriale è costituito da una serie di operazioni unitarie tra loro integrate, aventi come obiettivo finale quello di realizzare un prodotto finito a partire da determinate materie prime. Durante il normale funzionamento un impianto industriale deve essere in grado di gestire le differenti condizioni dinamiche cui è sottoposto per effetto di perturbazioni esterne, che tendono a spostare i processi dalle condizioni stazionarie; in aggiunta può essere necessario cambiare le condizioni operative per realizzare differenti tipologie di prodotti. L'obiettivo del sistema di controllo del processo è quello di mantenere le variabili di processo pari ai valori desiderati, al fine di ottenere un prodotto conforme alle specifiche e minimizzare la produzione fuori qualità. In questo contesto si inserisce la presente attività di tesi, che ha come scopo l’ottimizzazione del sistema di controllo di una linea di produzione di nero di carbonio.
Il lavoro di tesi è così strutturato. Dopo il capitolo 1, avente carattere introduttivo, nel capitolo 2 si descrive la realtà operativa del gruppo chimico a cui appartiene il sito produttivo dove si trova la linea di produzione analizzata. Nel capitolo 3 sono illustrate le tecniche statistiche utilizzate nell’ambito del controllo del processo. Nel capitolo 4 è spiegato che cosa è un sistema di controllo di processo. Il capitolo 5 contiene un approfondimento sulle logiche di controllo applicate nell’industria di processo. Nel capitolo 6 è mostrata l’ottimizzazione della linea di processo in questione. Infine, il capitolo 7 contiene le considerazioni conclusive.
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Klein, Adam Sherman. "Design and Characterization of RFIC Voltage Controlled Oscillators in Silicon Germanium HBT and Submicron MOS Technologies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34435.
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Advances in wireless technology have recently led to the potential for higher data rates and greater functionality. Wireless home and business networks and 3G and 4G cellular phone systems are promising technologies striving for market acceptance, requiring low-cost, low-power, and compact solutions. One approach to meet these demands is system-on-a-chip (SoC) integration, where RF/analog and digital circuitry reside on the same chip, creating a mixed-signal environment. Concurrently, there is tremendous incentive to utilize Si-based technologies to leverage existing fabrication and design infrastructure and the corresponding economies of scale. While the SoC approach is attractive, it presents major challenges for circuit designers, particularly in the design of monolithic voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs). VCOs are important components in the up or downconversion of RF signals in wireless transceivers. VCOs must have very low phase noise and spurious emissions, and be extremely power efficient to meet system requirements. To meet these specifications, VCOs require high-quality factor (Q) tank circuits and reduction of noise from active devices; however, the lack of high-quality monolithic inductors, along with low noise transistors in traditional Si technologies, has been a limiting factor.
This thesis presents the design, characterization, and comparison of three monolithic 3-4 GHz VCOs and an integrated 5-6 GHz VCO with tunable polyphase outputs. Each VCO is designed around a differential -G_{M} core with an LC tank circuit. The circuits exploit two Si-based device technologies: Silicon Germanium (SiGe) Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs) for a cross-coupled collectors circuit and Graded-Channel MOS (GC-MOS) transistors for a complementary (CMOS) implementation. The circuits were fabricated using the Motorola 0.4 μm CDR1 SiGe BiCMOS process, which consists of four interconnected metal layers and a thick copper (10 μm) metal bump layer for improved inductive components.
The VCO implementations are targeted to meet the stringent phase noise specifications for the GSM/EGSM 3G cellular standard. The specifications state that the VCO output cannot exceed -162 dBc/Hz sideband noise at 20 MHz offset from the carrier. Simultaneously, oscillators must be designed to address other system level effects, such as feed-through of the local oscillator (LO). LO feed-through directly results in self-mixing in direct conversion receivers, which gives rise to unwanted corrupting DC offsets. Therefore, a system-level strategy is employed to avoid such issues. For example, multiplying the oscillator frequency by two or four times can help avoid self-mixing during downconversion by moving the LO out of the bandwidth of the RF front-end.
Meanwhile, direct conversion or low-IF (intermediate frequency) receiver architectures utilize in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) downconversion signal recovery and image rejection. Any imbalance between the I and Q channels can result in an increase in bit-error-rate (BER) and/or decrease in the image rejection ratio (IRR). To compensate for such an imbalance, an integrated tunable polyphase filter is implemented with a VCO. Control voltages between the differential I and Q channels can be individually controlled to help compensate for I/Q mismatches.
This thesis includes an introduction to design flow and layout strategies for oscillator implementations. A detailed comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the SiGe HBTs and GC-MOS device in 3-4 GHz VCOs is presented. In addition, an overview of full-wave electromagnetic characterization of differential dual inductors is given. The oscillators are characterized for tuning range, output power, and phase noise. Finally, new measurement techniques for the 5-6 GHz VCO with a tunable polyphase filter are explored. A comparison between the time and frequency approaches is also offered.Master of Science
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De, Vera Remegio M. "Comparative analysis of the use of Foreign Military Sales (FMS) and Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) in the procurement of US defense articles by the Philippine Government for the use of the armed forces of the Philippines." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/1165.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe Philippine government may use two methods to procure defense articles from the United States, either Foreign Military Sales (FMS) or Direct Commercial Sales (DCS). This thesis examined the differences between FMS and DCS as methods of procurement used by the Philippine government in the acquisition of U.S. defense articles. The study identified the processes involved in using each of the two methods as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each when used within the socioeconomic and political environment of the Philippines. Issues and considerations that influence selection decision are also discussed. DCS may offer the lowest fixed price, timely/earlier delivery, easier countertrade arrangements, and penalty for non-compliance to the provisions of the contract. FMS is preferable because it is a government-to-government sale, provides opportunities for Philippine military training in the United States and enhances interoperability among coalition forces. In addition, FMS allows for financing of defense articles from the U.S. using Foreign Military Financing, thus conserving Philippine government funds.
Lieutenant Colonel, Philippine Army
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De, Vera Remegio M. "Comparative analysis of the use of Foreign Military Sales (FMS) and Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) in the procurement of US defense articles by the Phillippine Government for the use of the armed forces of the Philippines /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Jun%5FdeVera.pdf.
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Venter, Johan. "Development of a dynamic centrifugal compressor selector for large compressed air networks in the mining industry / Johan Venter." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9540.
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Various commercial software packages are available for simulating compressed air
network operations. However, none of these software packages are able to
dynamically prioritise compressor selection on large compressed air networks in the
mining industry.
In this dissertation, a dynamic compressor selector (DCS) will be developed that will
actively and continuously monitor system demand. The software will ensure that the
most suitable compressors, based on efficiency and position in the compressed air
network, are always in operation. The study will be conducted at a platinum mine.
Compressed air flow and pressure requirements will be maintained without
compromising mine safety procedures. Significant energy savings will be realised.
DCS will receive shaft pressure profiles from each of the shafts’ surface compressed
air control valves. These parameters will be used to calculate and predict the
compressed air demand. All pipe friction losses and leaks will be taken into account
to determine the end-point pressure losses at different flow rates. DCS will then
prioritise the compressors of the compressed air network based on the overall
system requirement.
This software combines the benefits of supply-side and demand-side management.
Potential energy savings with DCS were proven and compressor cycling reduced. A
DCS user-friendly interface was created to easily set up any mine’s compressed air
network.Thesis (MIng (Mechanical Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
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Kloß, Anja. "Einfluss von klarzelligen Nierenkarzinomzellen auf die immunmodulatorischen Fähigkeiten von humanen 6-sulfo LacNAc+ dendritischen Zellen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-178387.
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Nierenzellkarzinome (NZKs) gelten als stark immunogene Tumore. Dies ist insbesondere auf die Infiltration durch verschiedene Immunzellpopulationen, wie T-Lymphozyten und Natürliche Killer (NK)-Zellen, sowie das klinische Ansprechen auf immuntherapeutische Strategien zurückzuführen. Bisher existieren jedoch nur sehr wenige Studien zur Rolle von humanen nativen dendritischen Zellen (DCs) in NZK-Geweben und über die Tumor-vermittelte Modulation dieser DCs. DCs nehmen als professionelle Antigen-präsentierende Zellen eine zentrale Schlüsselrolle bei der Induktion und Aufrechterhaltung der angeborenen sowie adaptiven Immunantwort ein. Daher wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erstmals der Effekt von klarzelligen NZKs auf den Phänotyp sowie die immunmodulatorischen Fähigkeiten von 6-sulfo LacNAc+ (slan)DCs evaluiert. SlanDCs, welche eine große Subpopulation humaner Blut-DCs darstellen, sind neben der Sekretion großer Mengen proinflammatorischer Zytokine dazu befähigt, Tumorzellen direkt zu lysieren.
Des Weiteren sind slanDCs in der Lage, die antitumoralen Effekte von NK-Zellen zu fördern und CD4+ T-Helfer-Zellen sowie Tumor-reaktive CD8+ T-Lymphozyten effizient zu stimulieren. Angesichts dieser proinflammatorischen Eigenschaften können slanDCs wesentlich an einer Tumor-gerichteten Immunantwort beteiligt sein. Auf dieser Grundlage erfolgte im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit der immunhistochemische Nachweis von slanDCs in klarzelligen NZK-Geweben. Im Vergleich zu Tumor-freiem Nierengewebe trat in den primären Tumorgeweben eine erhöhte Zahl infiltrierender slanDCs auf. Zudem wurde die Präsenz von slanDCs in Lymphknoten- sowie Fernmetastasen von NZK-Patienten beobachtet. Weiterführende Untersuchungen an frischen klarzelligen NZK-Geweben demonstrierten, dass NZK-infiltrierende slanDCs einen unreifen Phänotyp ausprägen und Interleukin-10 produzieren.
Ausgehend von diesen Erkenntnissen erfolgten funktionelle Analysen, bei denen der Einfluss der kommerziell erhältlichen klarzelligen NZK-Linien ACHN und Caki-1 sowie der primären klarzelligen NZK-Linien MZ1257RC und MZ2877RC auf bedeutende immunmodulatorische Fähigkeiten von slanDCs untersucht wurde. In diesem Zusammenhang zeigte sich, dass NZK-Zellen effektiv in der Lage sind, sowohl die slanDC-vermittelte Proliferation von CD4+ und CD8+ T-Lymphozyten, als auch die slanDC-induzierte Differenzierung naïver CD4+ T-Lymphozyten in proinflammatorische T-Helfer 1-Zellen zu inhibieren. Darüber hinaus wurde demonstriert, dass NZK-Zellen das Potenzial von slanDCs zur Aktivierung von NK-Zellen hemmen. Untersuchungen der zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen zeigten, dass die funktionelle Inhibition von slanDCs durch klarzellige NZK-Zellen über membranständige Moleküle vermittelt wird.
Die im Rahmen dieser Dissertation gewonnenen Erkenntnisse weisen darauf hin, dass NZKs die Ausreifung sowie wesentliche funktionelle Eigenschaften von DCs inhibieren. Dies deutet auf einen neuen Immunescape-Mechanismus klarzelliger NZKs hin, welcher auf einer Tumorzell-vermittelten Generierung von tolerogenen slanDCs basiert und eine unzureichende Aktivierung der angeborenen sowie adaptiven Tumor-gerichteten Immunantwort zur Folge hat. Diese neuen Erkenntnisse können einen Beitrag zu einem besseren Verständnis der Interaktion von NZKs mit nativen humanen DCs leisten und die Konzeption neuer therapeutischer Strategien ermöglichen, welche auf einer Verstärkung der antitumoralen Eigenschaften von DCs beruhen.
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Lu, Tangying (Lily). "Cannabinoids suppress dendritic cell-induced T helper cell polarization." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001790.
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Vicente-Suarez, Ildefonso. "Immunomodulatory role of flagellin in antigen-presenting cells." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002201.
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