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Chin, Jacky, D. Daruki, Singgih Juniawan, Dafid Mega Saputra, and Uti Roysen. "SIMULASI MODEL DISTRIBUSI PRODUK MAKANAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SAVING MATRIX DAN MILK RUN PADA PERUSAHAAN FMCG DI KARAWANG." JISI: Jurnal Integrasi Sistem Industri 10, no. 1 (March 9, 2023): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/jisi.10.1.81-87.
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Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Industri FMCG dan berfokus pada jalur distribusi dari perusahaan ke 18 DC yang menjadi kewajiban perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui rute distribusi paling optimal dengan biaya distribusi paling minimal.Penelitian ini menggunakan model simulasi dengan Metode Saving Matrix untuk mengetahui kelompok distribusi dan Metode Milk Run untuk mengetahui jarak paling minimum. Besaran biaya dihitung dengan menghitung jarak tempuh tahunan pada setiap kelompok distribusi dengan biaya distribusi setiap kilometer jarak.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rute paling optimal pada Kelompok 1 dengan rute P-DC2-DC1-DC14-DC3-P dengan jarak 3.720 km, Kelompok 2 dengan rute P-DC12-DC6-DC15-DC5-P dengan jarak 3.201 km, Kelompok 3 dengan rute P-DC8-DC7-DC10-DC4-DC13-P dengan jarak 1.787 km, dan Kelompok 4 dengan rute P-DC9-DC11-DC25-DC28-DC20-P dengan jarak 806 km. Simulasi model menghasilkan biaya distribusi sebesar Rp. 3.648.290.813 per tahun: Kelompok 1 sebesar Rp. 1.132.689.302; Kelompok 2 sebesar Rp. 527.275.555; Kelompok 3 sebesar Rp. 1.569.911.765 dan Kelompok 4 sebesar Rp. 418.414.190.
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Kwak, Dong-Heui, and Mi-Sug Kim. "Flotation of algae for water reuse and biomass production: role of zeta potential and surfactant to separate algal particles." Water Science and Technology 72, no. 5 (June 1, 2015): 762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.265.
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The effect of chemical coagulation and biological auto-flocculation relative to zeta potential was examined to compare flotation and sedimentation separation processes for algae harvesting. Experiments revealed that microalgae separation is related to auto-flocculation of Anabaena spp. and requires chemical coagulation for the whole period of microalgae cultivation. In addition, microalgae separation characteristics which are associated with surfactants demonstrated optimal microalgae cultivation time and separation efficiency of dissolved CO2 flotation (DCF) as an alternative to dissolved air flotation (DAF). Microalgae were significantly separated in response to anionic surfactant rather than cationic surfactant as a function of bubble size and zeta potential. DAF and DCF both showed slightly efficient flotation; however, application of anionic surfactant was required when using DCF.
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Ge, Ying, Li-Wei Xu, Ya Liu, Le-Yun Sun, Han Gao, Jia-Qi Li, and Kewu Yang. "Dithiocarbamate as a Valuable Scaffold for the Inhibition of Metallo-β-Lactmases." Biomolecules 9, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9110699.
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The ‘superbug’ infection caused by metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs) has grown into an emergent health threat. Given the clinical importance of MβLs, a novel scaffold, dithiocarbamate, was constructed. The obtained molecules, DC1, DC8 and DC10, inhibited MβLs NDM-1, VIM-2, IMP-1, ImiS and L1 from all three subclasses, exhibiting an IC50 < 26 μM. DC1 was found to be the best inhibitor of ImiS (IC50 < 0.22 μM). DC1-2, DC4, DC8 and DC10 restored antimicrobial effects of cefazolin and imipenem against E. coli-BL21, producing NDM-1, ImiS or L1, and DC1 showed the best inhibition of E. coli cells, expressing the three MβLs, resulting in a 2-16-fold reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of both antibiotics. Kinetics and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assays showed that DC1 exhibited a reversible, and partially mixed inhibition, of NDM-1, ImiS and L1, with Ki values of 0.29, 0.14 and 5.06 µM, respectively. Docking studies suggest that the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of DC1 form coordinate bonds with the Zn (II) ions, in the active center of NDM-1, ImiS and L1, thereby inhibiting the activity of the enzymes. Cytotoxicity assays showed that DC1, DC3, DC7 and DC9 have low toxicity in L929 mouse fibroblastic cells, at a dose of up to 250 μM. These studies revealed that the dithiocarbamate is a valuable scaffold for the development of MβLs inhibitors.
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Huang, Zhigang, Jiayi Zhang, Guoliang Zhang, Fei Gao, and Chonghao Bi. "The Impact of High-Pressure Homogenization and Thermal Processing on the Functional Properties of De-Fatted Chickpea Flour Dispersion." Foods 12, no. 7 (April 3, 2023): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12071513.
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Defatted chickpea flour (DCF), a rich source of protein and starch, is frequently utilized in the food industry. Two crucial methods of modifying food materials are high-pressure homogenization (HPH) and heat treatment (HT). This study investigates the effect of co-treatment (HPH-HT) on the particle size, rheological behavior, and thermal characteristics of DCF suspensions. The results indicate that both HPH and HT can result in a more uniform distribution of particle size in the suspensions. The effect of HPH on G′ was observed to be reductionary, whereas HT increased it. Nevertheless, the HPH-HT treatment further amplified G′ (notably in high-concentration DCF), which demonstrates that the solid properties of DCF are improved. The apparent viscosity of the suspensions increased with individual and combined treatments, with the HPH-HT treatment of DCF12% exhibiting the most significant increase (from 0.005 to 9.5 Pa·s). The rheological behavior of DCF8% with HPH-HT treatment was found to be comparable to that of DCF12% treated only with HT. In conclusion, HPH-HT treatment shows a synergistic impact of HPH and HT on the rheological properties of DCF suspensions, however, it has limited effect on the particle size distribution and freeze–thaw stability.
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Natsugoe, Shoji, Ken Sasaki, Yasuto Uchikado, Hiroshi Okumura, Itaru Omoto, Yusaku Osako, and Tetsuhiro Owaki. "PS02.116: FEASIBILITY OF DOCETAXEL, CISPLATIN, AND 5-FLUOROURACIL (DCF) VERSUS RADIOTHERAPY WITH DCF (DCF-RT) AS PREOPERATIVE THERAPY FOR LOCALLY ADVANCED ESOPHAGEAL CANCER." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps02.116.
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Abstract Background In Japan, preoperative chemotherapy with cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (CF) followed by radical surgery has been accepted as the standard therapeutic approach for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) result from a Japan Clinical Oncology Group randomized control trial. Whether preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by radical surgery is effective for Japanese ESCC patients has yet to be established. Some trials have reported usefulness of CF plus docetaxel therapy (DCF) for advanced or metastatic ESCC. Here, we have launched a randomized controlled trial to compare preoperative DCF versus DCF plus radiotherapy (DCF-RT) followed by surgery in locally advanced esophageal cancer. Methods Patients with clinical stage II/III (Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer, 11th Edition) are randomized to 2 groups. Patients in DCF group receive 2 courses of preoperative DCF (docetaxel, 60 mg/m2/day, day 1; cisplatin, 70 mg/m2/day, day 1; 5-FU, 700 mg/m2/day, days 1–5) repeated every 3 weeks. Patients in DCF-RT group receive preoperative chemoradiotherapy (40Gy/20fr) with 2 courses of DCF (docetaxel, 30 mg/m2/day, day 1, 15; cisplatin, 7 mg/m2/day and 5-FU, 350 mg/m2/day, days 1–5, days 8–12, days 15–19, days 22–26). The primary endpoint is overall survival and the secondary endpoints include adverse events, response rate and pathologic complete response rate. Results Twenty-seven patients were assigned to the DCF group and 26 patients to the DCF-RT group. Grade 3/4 leukopenia and febrile neutropenia occurred 37% and 19% in the DCF group, 35% and 12% in the DCF-RT group. The clinical response rates were 16.0% and 64.0% in the DCF and DCF-RT group. Twenty patients and 23 patients underwent surgery in the DCF and DCF-RT group, and the R0 resection rate was 80.0% and 91.3%. With regard to the surgical complications, the incidence of anastomotic leakage was significantly higher in the DCF-RT group compared with the DCF group. The histological effects of DCF-RT were significantly higher than those of DCF. Two-year survival rate was 46% in the DCF group and 70% in the DCF-RT group. Conclusion The DCF and DCF-RT were found to be feasible as neoadjuvant therapy, and DCF-RT demonstrated higher efficacy than DCF in clinical stage II/III esophageal cancer patients. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
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Gonzalez, Teresa, Franck Peiretti, Catherine Defoort, Patrick Borel, and Roland Govers. "2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin-based analysis of Fenton chemistry reveals auto-amplification of probe fluorescence and albumin as catalyst for the detection of hydrogen peroxide." Biochemical Journal 477, no. 24 (December 18, 2020): 4689–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20200602.
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Fluorophore 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin (DCF) is the most frequently used probe for measuring oxidative stress in cells, but many aspects of DCF remain to be revealed. Here, DCF was used to study the Fenton reaction in detail, which confirmed that in a cell-free system, the hydroxyl radical was easily measured by DCF, accompanied by the consumption of H2O2 and the conversion of ferrous iron into ferric iron. DCF fluorescence was more specific for hydroxyl radicals than the measurement of thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactive 2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation products, which also detected H2O2. As expected, hydroxyl radical-induced DCF fluorescence was inhibited by iron chelation, anti-oxidants, and hydroxyl radical scavengers and enhanced by low concentrations of ascorbate. Remarkably, due to DCF fluorescence auto-amplification, Fenton reaction-induced DCF fluorescence steadily increased in time even when all ferrous iron was oxidized. Surprisingly, the addition of bovine serum albumin rendered DCF sensitive to H2O2 as well. Within cells, DCF appeared not to react directly with H2O2 but indirect via the formation of hydroxyl radicals, since H2O2-induced cellular DCF fluorescence was fully abolished by iron chelation and hydroxyl radical scavenging. Iron chelation in H2O2-stimulated cells in which DCF fluorescence was already increasing did not abrogate further increases in fluorescence, suggesting DCF fluorescence auto-amplification in cells. Collectively, these data demonstrate that DCF is a very useful probe to detect hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide and to study Fenton chemistry, both in test tubes as well as in intact cells, and that fluorescence auto-amplification is an intrinsic property of DCF.
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Singer, A. "DCF without forecasts." Omega 22, no. 3 (May 1994): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(94)90036-1.
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Ishikawa, Eiichi, Masaaki Yamamoto, Atsushi Saito, Yuji Kujiraoka, Tatsuo Iijima, Hiroyoshi Akutsu, and Akira Matsumura. "DELAYED CYST FORMATION AFTER GAMMA KNIFE RADIOSURGERY FOR BRAIN METASTASES." Neurosurgery 65, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 689–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000351771.46273.22.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE Gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is occasionally a useful tool for maintaining good brain status in patients with brain metastases (METs). Conversely, we recently experienced patients with delayed cyst formation (DCF) several years after GKRS, a complication not previously reported. Herein we assessed the frequency and characteristics of DCF after GKRS for METs. METHODS Eighty of 1209 patients with METs treated with GKRS maintained good brain status for more than 3 years without regrowth of tumorous lesions in the brain. In this study, DCF was defined as secondary cyst formation more than 3 years after the first GKRS in patients with METs who did not have cysts at the start of MET treatment. The 80 patients were divided into 2 groups (DCF group and non-DCF group) for assessment of the frequency and characteristics of DCF. Of the patients with cystic METs at the start of MET treatment, 16 were included in the latter group. RESULTS Among these 80 patients, 8 had DCF after GKRS (DCF group), detected by magnetic resonance imaging from 37 to 121 months after the first GKRS (median interval of 53 months). Of these 8 patients, 7 were symptomatic, and surgical treatments including Ommaya reservoir placement were needed in 5. A comparison of the non-DCF and DCF groups revealed that a higher number of GKRS treatments was a risk factor for DCF. Moreover, patients surviving more than 5 years after the initial GKRS are at risk for DCF. CONCLUSION Although DCF is not a widely recognized complication of GKRS for METs, we advocate careful follow-up, with surgical intervention for DCF if necessary, for frequently irradiated and long-surviving patients with METs treated with GKRS.
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Owumi, Solomon E., and Uche J. Dim. "Biochemical alterations in diclofenac-treated rats: Effect of selenium on oxidative stress, inflammation, and hematological changes." Toxicology Research and Application 3 (January 1, 2019): 239784731987435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2397847319874359.
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We investigated the effect of selenium (Sel), a trace element in diclofenac sodium (DCF), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced hepatic and renal toxicities in adult rats. Five experimental groups namely control, DCF (10 mg/kg), Sel (0.125 mg/kg), DCF + Sel (0.125 mg/kg), and DCF + Sel (0.25 mg/kg) consisting of 10 rats each were orally treated for 7 consecutive days. Following killing, biomarkers of hepatic and renal toxicities, antioxidant enzyme levels, myeloperoxidase activity, nitric oxide levels, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Further, the concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and hematological indices: white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, and neutrophils and eosinophil counts. Results indicated that DCF-induced increases in biomarkers of hepatic and renal toxicity were significantly ( p < 0.05) lessened in serum of rats co-exposed to DCF and Sel in a dose-dependent manner. DCF mediated decrease in antioxidant status, and increases in RONS, LPO, and TNF-α levels were reduced ( p < 0.05) in the liver and kidney of rats co-exposed to DCF and Sel. Additionally, Sel reduced hematological abnormalities associated with DCF treatment. Light microscopic examination showed that the severity of histopathological lesions induced by DCF was lessened in rats co-exposed to DCF and Sel. Taken together, Sel supplementation mitigated DCF-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and hematological abnormalities in the liver and kidney of treated rats.
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Ajani, Jaffer A., Miguel B. Fodor, Sergei A. Tjulandin, Vladimir M. Moiseyenko, Yee Chao, Sebastiao Cabral Filho, Alejandro Majlis, Sylvie Assadourian, and Eric Van Cutsem. "Phase II Multi-Institutional Randomized Trial of Docetaxel Plus Cisplatin With or Without Fluorouracil in Patients With Untreated, Advanced Gastric, or Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, no. 24 (August 20, 2005): 5660–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.17.376.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to define the contribution of docetaxel to combination chemotherapy in the outcome of patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. We compared the overall response rate (ORR) and safety of docetaxel plus cisplatin (DC) with DC plus fluorouracil (DCF) to select either DC or DCF as the experimental treatment in the ensuing phase III part of trial V-325. Patients and Methods In this phase II randomized study, untreated patients with confirmed advanced gastric or gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma received either DCF (docetaxel 75 mg/m2, cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1, and fluorouracil 750 mg/m2/d as continuous infusion on days 1 to 5) or DC (docetaxel 85 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 on day 1) every 3 weeks. An independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) was to select one of the two regimens based primarily on ORR and safety profile. Results Of 158 randomly assigned patients, 155 (DCF, n = 79; DC, n = 76) received treatment. The confirmed ORR was 43% for DCF (n = 79) and 26% for DC (n = 76). Median time to progression was 5.9 months for DCF and 5.0 months for DC. Median overall survival time was 9.6 months for DCF and 10.5 months for DC. The most frequent grade 3 and 4 events per patient included neutropenia (DCF = 86%; DC = 87%) and GI (DCF = 56%; DC = 30%). Conclusion Both regimens were active, but DCF produced a higher confirmed ORR than DC. Toxicity profiles of DCF were considered manageable. The IDMC chose DCF for the phase III part of V-325, which compares DCF with cisplatin plus fluorouracil.
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Pérez-Alvarez, Itzayana, Hariz Islas-Flores, Livier Mireya Sánchez-Aceves, Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Olivan, and Germán Chamorro-Cevallos. "Effects of spirulina (Arthrospira maxima) on teratogenicity and diclofenac-induced oxidative damage in Xenopus laevis." Water Emerging Contaminants & Nanoplastics 2, no. 1 (2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/wecn.2022.23.
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Diclofenac (DCF) is a medication that is highly consumed and eliminated worldwide; it is constantly detected in the environment (primarily in water) and resists conventional degradation processes. It was included in the European Union watch list for the water framework. There are no regulations for this compound in Mexico. Therefore, this study evaluated the protective effect antioxidant activity of spirulina (Arthrospira maxima) against DCF-induced toxicity in Xenopus laevis at early life stages. X. laevis oocytes were exposed at the medium blastula stage for 96 h to three different mixtures: DCF+S 2 (149 µg L-1 DCF plus 2 mg L-1 spirulina), DCF+S 4 (149 µg L-1 DCF plus 4 mg L-1 spirulina), DCF+S 10 (149 µg L-1 DCF plus 10 mg L-1 spirulina). Other groups of oocytes were also exposed to DCF 149 µg L-1 and a control group. The mortality and malformation rate, growth, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were determined. Spirulina at 4 and 10 mg L-1 reduced DCF-induced mortality by 80% and reduced malformations in severity and frequency. The abnormalities were malformations of the eye, tail, notochord, intestine, and rectum. All spirulina exposure groups showed an increase in total body size compared to those exposed to DCF.
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Choi, Woo-Yong. "Enhancing MAC performance of DCF protocol for IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs." Journal of Electrical Engineering 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jee-2017-0012.
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Abstract The DCF (Distributed Coordination Function) is the basic MAC (Medium Access Control) protocol of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs and compatible with various IEEE 802.11 PHY extensions. The performance of the DCF degrades exponentially as the number of nodes participating in the DCF transmission procedure increases. To deal with this problem, we propose a simple, however efficient modification of the DCF by which the performance of the DCF is greatly enhanced.
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Niitsu, Nozomi, Yuri Yamamoto-Yamaguchi, Takashi Kasukabe, Junko Okabe-Kado, Masanori Umeda, and Yoshio Honma. "Antileukemic efficacy of 2′-deoxycoformycin in monocytic leukemia cells." Blood 96, no. 4 (August 15, 2000): 1512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.4.1512.
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Abstract 2′-Deoxycoformycin (dCF) as a single agent has been reported to be less effective against myeloid than against lymphoid malignancies in clinical trials. However, previous studies have shown that in the presence of 2′-deoxyadenosine (dAd), human monocytoid leukemia cell lines are much more sensitive to dCF with regard to the inhibition of cell proliferation. Thus, dCF might be useful for treating monocytoid leukemia with the aid of dAd analogs. The antiproliferative effects of dCF in combination with dAd or its derivatives were examined on normal and malignant blood and bone marrow cells. In the presence of 10 μmol/L dAd, the concentration of dCF required to inhibit the viability of primary monocytoid leukemia cells was much lower than that required to inhibit normal or non-monocytoid leukemic cells. Among the dAd analogs, 9-β-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (AraA) was also effective in combination with dCF. Athymic nude mice were inoculated with human monocytoid leukemia U937 cells and treated with dCF or a dAd analog or both. Although dCF alone slightly but significantly prolonged the survival of mice inoculated with U937 cells, combined treatment with dCF and AraA markedly prolonged their survival. These data suggest that the combination of dCF and AraA may be useful for the clinical treatment of acute monocytic leukemia.
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Niitsu, Nozomi, Yuri Yamamoto-Yamaguchi, Takashi Kasukabe, Junko Okabe-Kado, Masanori Umeda, and Yoshio Honma. "Antileukemic efficacy of 2′-deoxycoformycin in monocytic leukemia cells." Blood 96, no. 4 (August 15, 2000): 1512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.4.1512.h8001512_1512_1516.
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2′-Deoxycoformycin (dCF) as a single agent has been reported to be less effective against myeloid than against lymphoid malignancies in clinical trials. However, previous studies have shown that in the presence of 2′-deoxyadenosine (dAd), human monocytoid leukemia cell lines are much more sensitive to dCF with regard to the inhibition of cell proliferation. Thus, dCF might be useful for treating monocytoid leukemia with the aid of dAd analogs. The antiproliferative effects of dCF in combination with dAd or its derivatives were examined on normal and malignant blood and bone marrow cells. In the presence of 10 μmol/L dAd, the concentration of dCF required to inhibit the viability of primary monocytoid leukemia cells was much lower than that required to inhibit normal or non-monocytoid leukemic cells. Among the dAd analogs, 9-β-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (AraA) was also effective in combination with dCF. Athymic nude mice were inoculated with human monocytoid leukemia U937 cells and treated with dCF or a dAd analog or both. Although dCF alone slightly but significantly prolonged the survival of mice inoculated with U937 cells, combined treatment with dCF and AraA markedly prolonged their survival. These data suggest that the combination of dCF and AraA may be useful for the clinical treatment of acute monocytic leukemia.
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Sharikabad, Mohammad N., Kirsten M. Østbye, Torstein Lyberg, and Odd Brørs. "Effect of extracellular Mg2+ on ROS and Ca2+ accumulation during reoxygenation of rat cardiomyocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): H344—H353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.1.h344.
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The effects of Mg2+ on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell Ca2+ during reoxygenation of hypoxic rat cardiomyocytes were studied. Oxidation of 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCDHF) to dichlorofluorescein (DCF) and of dihydroethidium (DHE) to ethidium (ETH) within cells were used as markers for intracellular ROS levels and were determined by flow cytometry. DCDHF/DCF is sensitive to H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO), and DHE/ETH is sensitive to the superoxide anion (O2 −·), respectively. Rapidly exchangeable cell Ca2+ was determined by 45Ca2+uptake. Cells were exposed to hypoxia for 1 h and reoxygenation for 2 h. ROS levels, determined as DCF fluorescence, were increased 100–130% during reoxygenation alone and further increased 60% by increasing extracellular Mg2+concentration to 5 mM at reoxygenation. ROS levels, measured as ETH fluorescence, were increased 16–24% during reoxygenation but were not affected by Mg2+. Cell Ca2+ increased three- to fourfold during reoxygenation. This increase was reduced 40% by 5 mM Mg2+, 57% by 10 μM 3,4-dichlorobenzamil (DCB) (inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ exchange), and 75% by combining Mg2+ and DCB. H2O2 (25 and 500 μM) reduced Ca2+ accumulation by 38 and 43%, respectively, whereas the NO donor S-nitroso- N-acetyl-penicillamine (1 mM) had no effect. Mg2+ reduced hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release by 90%. In conclusion, elevation of extracellular Mg2+ to 5 mM increased the fluorescence of the H2O2/NO-sensitive probe DCF without increasing that of the O2 −·-sensitive probe ETH, reduced Ca2+ accumulation, and decreased LDH release during reoxygenation of hypoxic cardiomyocytes. The reduction in LDH release, reflecting the protective effect of Mg2+, may be linked to the effect of Mg2+ on Ca2+ accumulation and/or ROS levels.
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Żur, Joanna, Artur Piński, Danuta Wojcieszyńska, Wojciech Smułek, and Urszula Guzik. "Diclofenac Degradation—Enzymes, Genetic Background and Cellular Alterations Triggered in Diclofenac-Metabolizing Strain Pseudomonas moorei KB4." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 6786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21186786.
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Diclofenac (DCF) constitutes one of the most significant ecopollutants detected in various environmental matrices. Biological clean-up technologies that rely on xenobiotics-degrading microorganisms are considered as a valuable alternative for chemical oxidation methods. Up to now, the knowledge about DCF multi-level influence on bacterial cells is fragmentary. In this study, we evaluate the degradation potential and impact of DCF on Pseudomonas moorei KB4 strain. In mono-substrate culture KB4 metabolized 0.5 mg L−1 of DCF, but supplementation with glucose (Glc) and sodium acetate (SA) increased degraded doses up to 1 mg L−1 within 12 days. For all established conditions, 4′-OH-DCF and DCF-lactam were identified. Gene expression analysis revealed the up-regulation of selected genes encoding biotransformation enzymes in the presence of DCF, in both mono-substrate and co-metabolic conditions. The multifactorial analysis of KB4 cell exposure to DCF showed a decrease in the zeta-potential with a simultaneous increase in the cell wall hydrophobicity. Magnified membrane permeability was coupled with the significant increase in the branched (19:0 anteiso) and cyclopropane (17:0 cyclo) fatty acid accompanied with reduced amounts of unsaturated ones. DCF injures the cells which is expressed by raised activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases as well as formation of lipids peroxidation products (LPX). The elevated activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) testified that DCF induced oxidative stress.
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Castellanos, Raquel, Vinicius Ernani, Ulas Darda Bayraktar, Lorraine Portelance, Alberto J. Montero, Caio Max S. Rocha Lima, and Peter Joel Hosein. "A retrospective study of neoadjuvant DCF (docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil) for locally advanced gastric or gastro-esophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2013): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.4_suppl.138.
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138 Background: Perioperative chemotherapy (chemo) with ECF (epirubicin/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil) plus surgery improved survival over surgery alone in GC in the MAGIC trial. Herein we report our experience using DCF in the perioperative setting in patients (pts) with locally advanced GC. Methods: We conducted a retrospective IRB-approved study of pts with potentially resectable locally advanced GC who were treated with DCF with neoadjuvant intent. Pts received 3 cycles of preoperative (pre-op) DCF every 3 weeks, followed by surgery, then 3 cycles of postoperative (post-op) DCF. Patients with a poor pathologic response could be changed to radiation (RT) or an alternate chemo regimen postop. Results: A total of 41 pts were identified, 24 with gastric and 17 with GEJ adenocarcinoma. All pts received at least 1 cycle of DCF and 78% received at least 3 cycles pre-op. Five pts progressed during neoadjuvant DCF, 4 were unresectable by CT after neoadjuvant DCF and 2 were lost to follow-up. The remaining 30 pts had surgery with curative intent. Post-op, 2 pts were lost to follow-up, 12 received DCF (with 6 of these also receiving RT), 11 received a different chemo regimen due to a poor response to neoadjuvant DCF (including 6 pts who also received RT). Two pts received post-op RT only. The median PFS was 16.8 months (95% CI 7.7 - 25.9) and the median OS was 26.9 months (95% CI 18.7–35.1). The PFS was longer for pts who had a radiological or pathological response to neoadjuvant DCF (log rank p = 0.005 and 0.02 respectively) and for pts who received DCF post-op (log rank p = 0.005). Among pts who did not receive DCF post-op, there was no survival difference between the pts who were switched to an alternative chemo or chemoRT regimen post-op compared to those who received no further therapy. The most common chemo-related adverse events were anemia (27% grade 3 or 4), nausea/vomiting (17% G3 or 4), and febrile neutropenia (12%). Conclusions: The DCF regimen is well tolerated in locally advanced GC. Patients who do not have a good response (either radiologic or pathologic) to pre-op DCF appear to have a poor prognosis regardless of the post-op treatment given.
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Kabir, Mohammad Faujul, Adam Karami, Anbin Mu, Don-Gerard Conde, and Kelly A. Whelan. "Abstract 5808: Diclofenac inhibits esophageal cancer cell growth by depleting mitochondrial functions." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 5808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-5808.
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Abstract Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive forms of human malignancy with a 5-yearsurvival rate of less than 20%. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that play essential roles in various cellular processes, including energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, and apoptotic cell death. Alterations in mitochondrial biology are associated with esophageal carcinogenesis and esophageal cancer cell response to therapy. As the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF)induces mitochondrial dysfunction, we hypothesized that DCF may inhibit esophageal carcinogenesis by affecting mitochondrial processes. In the human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell line TE11, we performed MTT assay and Annexin-V/Propidium Iodide (PI) to evaluate the impact of DCF on proliferation and cell death, respectively. RNA sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and altered canonical pathways in DCF-treated TE11 cells. To assess metabolic function, we measured the levels of pyruvate, lactate, and ATP. Mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS production were assessed by flow cytometry for MitoTracker red/green and MitoSox red, respectively. Mice bearing subcutaneous syngeneic ESCC tumors were treated with DCF.DCF inhibited proliferation of TE11 in dose dependent manner with an IC50 concentration of 76.7µM. By contrast, the IC50 concentration of DCF in normal esophageal keratinocytes was 876.2µM, supporting selectivity of DCF for esophageal cancer cells. In TE11, 200 µM DCF induced apoptosis in 60% of cells. RNA-sequencing identified that DCF significantly altered expression of3287 genes (FC ≥ 1.50) in TE11, including the top cancer-associated genes: PLK1, MCM2, MCM3,MCM7, MCM10 and SKP2. IPA analysis revealed that DCF activated p53 signaling while inhibited Gluconeogenesis I, Glycolysis I and Oxidative Phosphorylation. DCF significantly inhibited glycolysis as demonstrated by reduction in concentrations of pyruvate (1.76-fold) and lactate (7.30-fold) and downregulation of the glycolysis- associated genes PKM2, PFKM, LDHA, and PKM1. A decreased production of ATP (5-fold) was also noted in DCF-treated TE11 cells. In addition, DCF depleted mitochondrial membrane potential (2.5-fold) and increased mitochondrial ROS production (5-fold). A reduction in ROS by mitochondrial antioxidant MitoTempo increased viability of the DCF-treated TE11 cells, indicating that ROS contributes to the anticancer activity of DCF. Consistent with antitumor activity of DCF in TE11, the drug significantly decreased the tumor volume in syngeneic ESCC tumors in vivo. Our preclinical findings indicate that DCF may limit esophageal cancer cell growth through the inhibition of mitochondrial functions, identifying a novel experimental therapeutic for ESCC. Future studies will define the precise molecular mechanisms through which DCF promotes cell death in vitro and in vivo. Citation Format: Mohammad Faujul Kabir, Adam Karami, Anbin Mu, Don-Gerard Conde, Kelly A. Whelan. Diclofenac inhibits esophageal cancer cell growth by depleting mitochondrial functions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5808.
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Morovati, Roya, Mohammad Hoseini, Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor, Mansooreh Dehghani, Mohammad Ali Baghapour, and Saeed Yousefinejad. "Removal of Diclofenac Sodium from Wastewater in Microbial Fuel Cell by Anode Modified with MnCo2O4." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 13907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113907.
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Microbial fuel cell (MFC) with a modified anode is one of the new methods to increase MFC efficiency. This study synthesized an anode modified with cobalt manganese oxide (MnCo2O4@CF) on carbon felt (CF) by easy hydrothermal method and binder-free. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) was measured with and without diclofenac (DCF). According to SEM results, MnCo2O4 was uniformly dispersed on the anode electrode surface. Moreover, the maximum power density in COD (1000 mg/L), 48 h. condition without DCF (726 mA/m2) was 165 ± 0.012 mW/m2 and with DCF concentration of 20 mg/L, it was 308 ± 0.013 mW/m2 (992 mA/m2). In addition, in the presence of 10 mg/L DCF concentration, the maximum COD removal efficiency was 82% ± 1.93 at 48 h. COD removal efficiency without DCF was 94.67% ± 0.02 at 72 h. After 72 h, the maximum removal efficiency of COD and DCF in the carbon anode was 41% ± 1.15 and 9.5% ± 0.23, respectively. Moreover, the maximum DCF removal efficiency using a MnCo2O4 anode was 56% ± 0.55, at 48 h; the initial COD concentration was 500 mg/L, and the DCF concentration was 20 mg/L. This research showed that coating the anode with MnCo2O4 could lead to the increased growth of microorganisms on the surface of the anode, decreased load transfer resistance, increased power density, and more removal of COD and DCF. As a result, the performance of fuel cells with modified anode and removal of DCF increased compared to anode with CF-MFC. Thus, the performance of fuel cells with modified anode and removal of DCF increased compared to anode with CF-MFC.
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Vignan, B. Suvarna, and B. Lalu Naick. "Enhanced Distributed Coordination Function of MAC for VoIP Services Using IEEE802.11 Networks." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 2304–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.2304.
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Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is an important service with strict Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements with in wireless local area networks. The popular Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) of IEEE802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol adopts Multiplicative Increase and linear Decrease procedure to reduce the packet collision probability in WLANs. In DCF, the size of contention window is doubled upon a collision regardless of the network loads. This paper presents an enhanced DCF scheme to improve the QoS of VoIP in WLANs. This scheme applies a threshold of the collision rate to switch between two different functions for increasing the size of contention window based on the status of network loads. The performance of this scheme investigated and compared to the original DCF using the network simulator NS-2. Under the high traffic loads the packet loss probability decreases with the enhanced DCF compared to the original DCF. Some other parameters like throughput and access delay is decreased with the enhanced DCF.
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Schwartz, C. L., C. P. Minniti, P. Harwood, S. Na, M. L. Banquerigo, L. C. Strauss, J. Kurtzberg, S. D. Smith, and C. I. Civin. "Elimination of clonogenic malignant human T cells using monoclonal antibodies in combination with 2'-deoxycoformycin." Journal of Clinical Oncology 5, no. 12 (December 1987): 1900–1911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1987.5.12.1900.
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2'Deoxycoformycin (dCF) specifically inhibits adenosine deaminase (ADA) and causes selective cytotoxicity of normal and malignant T cells. In clinical trials, dCF caused rapid lysis of malignant T lymphoblasts. Although dCF has been associated with dose-limiting nonhematopoietic toxicities, myelosuppression has not been observed. Since dCF is relatively nontoxic to hematopoietic stem cells, we tested dCF for utility in the ex vivo purging of malignant T lymphoblasts from remission leukemic bone marrow for autologous bone marrow transplantation. We found that T lymphoblast cell lines were sensitive to dCF (plus deoxyadenosine [dAdo]) under conditions that did not ablate human hematopoietic colony-forming cells. Moreover, combined pharmacologic (dCF plus dAdo) and immunologic (anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies [McAb] plus complement) purging resulted in additive reduction in clonogenic T lymphoblasts. These results provide the basis for a clinical trial of bone marrow transplantation using combined pharmacologic/immunologic purging of T lymphoblasts from patients' harvested autologous marrow.
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Ramirez-Alcantara, Veronica, Amanda LoGuidice, and Urs A. Boelsterli. "Protection from diclofenac-induced small intestinal injury by the JNK inhibitor SP600125 in a mouse model of NSAID-associated enteropathy." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 297, no. 5 (November 2009): G990—G998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00219.2009.
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Small intestinal ulceration, bleeding, and inflammation are major adverse effects associated with the use of diclofenac (DCF) or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The underlying mechanisms of DCF enteropathy are poorly understood, but there is increasing evidence that topical effects are involved. The aim of this study was to explore the role of c-Jun- N-terminal kinase (JNK) in DCF-induced enterocyte death because JNK not only regulates mitochondria-mediated apoptosis but also is a key node where many of the proximal stress signals converge. Male C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with DCF or vehicle (Solutol HS-15), and the extent of small intestinal ulceration was determined. A single dose of DCF (60 mg/kg) produced numerous ulcers in the third and fourth quartiles of the jejunum and ileum, with maximal effects after 18 h and extensive recovery after 48 h. To study the molecular pathways leading to enterocyte injury, we isolated villi-enriched mucosal fractions from DCF-treated mice. Immunoblot studies with a phosphospecific JNK antibody revealed that JNK1/2 (p46) was activated at 6 h, leading to phosphorylation of the downstream target c-Jun. The levels of the JNK-regulated proapoptotic transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) were also increased after DCF. The selective JNK inhibitor SP600125 (30 mg/kg ip), given both 1 h before and 1 h after DCF, blocked JNK kinase activity and afforded significant protection against DCF enteropathy. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the JNK pathway is critically involved in the pathogenesis of DCF-induced enteropathy and suggest a potential application of JNK inhibitors in the prevention of NSAID-induced enteropathy.
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Van Cutsem, Eric, Vladimir M. Moiseyenko, Sergei Tjulandin, Alejandro Majlis, Manuel Constenla, Corrado Boni, Adriano Rodrigues, et al. "Phase III Study of Docetaxel and Cisplatin Plus Fluorouracil Compared With Cisplatin and Fluorouracil As First-Line Therapy for Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Report of the V325 Study Group." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 31 (November 1, 2006): 4991–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.06.8429.
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Purpose In the randomized, multinational phase II/III trial (V325) of untreated advanced gastric cancer patients, the phase II part selected docetaxel, cisplatin, and fluorouracil (DCF) over docetaxel and cisplatin for comparison against cisplatin and fluorouracil (CF; reference regimen) in the phase III part. Patients and Methods Advanced gastric cancer patients were randomly assigned to docetaxel 75 mg/m2 and cisplatin 75 mg/m2 (day 1) plus fluorouracil 750 mg/m2/d (days 1 to 5) every 3 weeks or cisplatin 100 mg/m2 (day 1) plus fluorouracil 1,000 mg/m2/d (days 1 to 5) every 4 weeks. The primary end point was time-to-progression (TTP). Results In 445 randomly assigned and treated patients (DCF = 221; CF = 224), TTP was longer with DCF versus CF (32% risk reduction; log-rank P < .001). Overall survival was longer with DCF versus CF (23% risk reduction; log-rank P = .02). Two-year survival rate was 18% with DCF and 9% with CF. Overall response rate was higher with DCF (χ2 P = .01). Grade 3 to 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 69% (DCF) v 59% (CF) of patients. Frequent grade 3 to 4 toxicities for DCF v CF were: neutropenia (82% v 57%), stomatitis (21% v 27%), diarrhea (19% v 8%), lethargy (19% v 14%). Complicated neutropenia was more frequent with DCF than CF (29% v 12%). Conclusion Adding docetaxel to CF significantly improved TTP, survival, and response rate in gastric cancer patients, but resulted in some increase in toxicity. Incorporation of docetaxel, as in DCF or with other active drug(s), is a new therapy option for patients with untreated advanced gastric cancer.
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Bougie, D., S. T. Johnson, L. A. Weitekamp, and R. H. Aster. "Sensitivity to a Metabolite of Diclofenac as a Cause of Acute Immune Hemolytic Anemia." Blood 90, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.1.407.
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Abstract A 75-year-old woman taking the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF ) presented with acute Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia and subsequently developed renal failure. A drug-dependent antibody specific for red blood cells (RBCs) could not be demonstrated by in vitro testing with DCF. However, her serum was found to contain an IgM antibody that reacted strongly with RBCs in the presence of urine from any of four subjects who had ingested DCF. The active substance in urine was isolated, subjected to high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis, and found to be a glucuronide conjugate of a known DCF metabolite, 4′-hydroxydiclofenac (4′-OH DCF ). Negative results were obtained with four other DCF metabolites. Two 4′-OH DCF glucuronides were synthesized in vitro using a liver microsomal system. One promoted agglutination of normal RBCs by the patient's serum and was identified as the glucuronide ester of 4′-OH DCF by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Studies with a panel of RBCs showed that the patient's antibody reacted preferentially with the e antigen of the Rh system. Acute immune hemolytic anemia in this patient appears to have been caused by sensitization to DCF modified by 4′ hydroxylation and glucuronidation. This is the first reported example of immune cytopenia caused by sensitivity to a glucuronide conjugate of a drug metabolite. Since glucuronidation is a common pathway of drug metabolism, studies of the frequency with which glucuronide derivatives of primary medications cause immune cytopenia seem warranted.
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Bougie, D., S. T. Johnson, L. A. Weitekamp, and R. H. Aster. "Sensitivity to a Metabolite of Diclofenac as a Cause of Acute Immune Hemolytic Anemia." Blood 90, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.1.407.407_407_413.
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A 75-year-old woman taking the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF ) presented with acute Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia and subsequently developed renal failure. A drug-dependent antibody specific for red blood cells (RBCs) could not be demonstrated by in vitro testing with DCF. However, her serum was found to contain an IgM antibody that reacted strongly with RBCs in the presence of urine from any of four subjects who had ingested DCF. The active substance in urine was isolated, subjected to high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis, and found to be a glucuronide conjugate of a known DCF metabolite, 4′-hydroxydiclofenac (4′-OH DCF ). Negative results were obtained with four other DCF metabolites. Two 4′-OH DCF glucuronides were synthesized in vitro using a liver microsomal system. One promoted agglutination of normal RBCs by the patient's serum and was identified as the glucuronide ester of 4′-OH DCF by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Studies with a panel of RBCs showed that the patient's antibody reacted preferentially with the e antigen of the Rh system. Acute immune hemolytic anemia in this patient appears to have been caused by sensitization to DCF modified by 4′ hydroxylation and glucuronidation. This is the first reported example of immune cytopenia caused by sensitivity to a glucuronide conjugate of a drug metabolite. Since glucuronidation is a common pathway of drug metabolism, studies of the frequency with which glucuronide derivatives of primary medications cause immune cytopenia seem warranted.
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Bojanowska-Czajka, Anna. "Decomposition of diclofenac in sewage from municipal wastewater treatment plant using ionizing radiation." Nukleonika 66, no. 4 (November 25, 2021): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2021-0029.
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Abstract The decomposition of diclofenac (DCF) in sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant was investigated. It was found that adsorption of DCF on sludge is about 40%. Compared to previous studies, where the degradation yield in aqueous solution was 100%, in those experiments at the dose up to 5 kGy, only 50% of initial DCF concentration of 50 mg L−1 was decomposed in sediment and in solution over the sediment. The experiments were carried out using both gamma radiation and electron beam. It has been observed that DCF in the aqueous phase, above the sediment, was decomposed with the same efficiency using both gamma radiation and electron beam. Whereas for DCF in the sediment, a higher degradation efficiency was found when gamma radiation was applied. This is most likely due to the limited penetration depth of the electron beam into the sludge layer. It was shown that the applied peroxide addition (in a stoichiometric amount needed for complete mineralization of 50 mg L−1 DCF) did not cause increase in yield of DCF decomposition.
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Rosilawati, Yeni, Naufal Daffa, and Sri Khairunnisa Ariyati. "Promotion strategy of Dieng Culture Festival (DCF) as sustainable tourism based on local community." E3S Web of Conferences 316 (2021): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131604012.
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The Dieng Culture Festival (DCF) is an innovation of sustainable tourism development, which refers to the character development of local community-based tourism products. The DCF combines the concept of cultural and natural tourism. It shows visitors that Dieng has a variety of natural and cultural tourism objects with a sustainable tourism concept. This study aims to analyze the promotional strategies carried out by the DCF as sustainable tourism based on local communities. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews on 2020 with 10 interviewees included tourism awareness group (Pokdarwis) Dieng Pandawa administrators and the local community involved in the DCF. The results revealed that (1) the promotion strategy was implemented using online media (Facebook and Instagram), (2) publicity through television channels has collaborated with the DCF organizer and (CNN) Pesona Indonesia to publish activities during the DCF to the broader community, (3) the DCF organizer also created an official website containing a series of events, ticket sales, and information on Dieng Plateau tourism objects.
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Grever, M. R., J. M. Leiby, E. H. Kraut, H. E. Wilson, J. A. Neidhart, R. L. Wall, and S. P. Balcerzak. "Low-dose deoxycoformycin in lymphoid malignancy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 3, no. 9 (September 1985): 1196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1985.3.9.1196.
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Deoxycoformycin (dCF), a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA), was explored for its antineoplastic potential in 28 patients with advanced lymphoid malignancy. Both normal and malignant B lymphocytes have low levels of ADA activity, and low doses of dCF profoundly inhibit this enzyme in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The low doses of dCF administered in this trial (4 mg/m2) were not associated with prohibitive toxicity. Five of 28 patients had an objective response. Four additional patients had clinical improvement. No significant difference in the pretreatment ADA activity existed between responding patients and treatment failures. The demonstration of responses to dCF following failure on standard alkylating agents suggests that dCF may not be cross-resistant with current agents used to treat CLL. Additional studies should be pursued using low-dose dCF in patients with advanced malignancy.
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Moradi, M., and M. Kavosh Tehrani. "Solvation force in a hard-sphere fluid." Canadian Journal of Physics 77, no. 8 (December 1, 1999): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p99-052.
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The solvation force in a hard-sphere fluid is obtained by the denisty functional theory proposed by Rickayzen and Augousti. The direct correlation function (DCF) with the tail introduced by Tang and Lu is used. This DCF (hereafter TL DCF ) is postulated to hold the Yukawa form outside the hard core; and the generalized mean spherical approximation (GMSA) approach has been applied. The results are compared with those obtained by using the Percus-Yevick (PY) DCF. These results are also compared with those of Monte Carlo simulations. At low densities and fairly high densities the results are in agreement. But at high densities there is more oscillation in the solvation force obtained by using TL DCF in comparison with the PY DCF. There are no simulation results at high densities to be compared with these results.PACS No. 61.20
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Arcade, S. H. "Robustness of DCF solutions." Omega 15, no. 3 (January 1987): 260–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0483(87)90076-4.
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Soltanpour, Fatemeh, and Mohammadreza Valizadeh. "Revision-mediated and Attention-mediated Feedback: Effects on EFL Learners’ Written Syntactic Accuracy." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 4 (August 31, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.4p.83.
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Based on the literature, revision requirement (i.e., when students rewrite their whole text based on the teacher feedback) can perhaps be a necessary intermediate step towards the development of written accuracy because learners have more time to think about and process the corrections; however, some state drawing learner’s attention can be achieved by asking them to take time to look over the received feedback and carefully examine their errors. This quantitative quasi-experimental study, which followed a pretest-treatment-posttest-delayed posttest design, investigated the effects of revision mediation versus attention mediation on EFL learners’ syntactic accuracy of their argumentative essays. 83 Iranian EFL learners, studying at upper-intermediate level were assigned to three groups: comprehensive direct corrective feedback plus a revision requirement (DCF/+R), comprehensive DCF plus a time to pay careful attention to and study the errors and received feedback (DCF/+S) and the control group that received the comprehensive DCF without any extra assignment (DCF/-R,-S). Each group received three sessions of treatment. The existence of any statistically significant differences among the three groups with regard to each received treatment was investigated both in the short and long term. It was found that both revision requirement (DCF/+R) and careful attention requirement (DCF/+S) significantly outperformed the group that only received the feedback. Nevertheless, it was also proved that the group that was required to pay careful attention to and study the feedback (DCF/+S) significantly outperformed the one that experienced the revision requirement (DCF/+R). Discussion focuses on the importance of two levels of awareness: noticing and understanding.
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Niitsu, Nozomi, Yuri Yamaguchi, Masanori Umeda, and Yoshio Honma. "Human Monocytoid Leukemia Cells Are Highly Sensitive to Apoptosis Induced by 2′-Deoxycoformycin and 2′-Deoxyadenosine: Association With dATP-Dependent Activation of Caspase-3." Blood 92, no. 9 (November 1, 1998): 3368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.9.3368.
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Abstract The adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor 2′-deoxycoformycin (dCF) significantly inhibits the proliferation of leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. When cells were incubated in the presence of both dCF and 2′-deoxyadenosine (dAd), the concentration of dCF required to induce apoptosis of monocytoid leukemia cells was much lower than that required for myeloid, erythroid, or lymphoma cell lines. Among the cell lines tested, U937 cells were the most sensitive to this treatment. The concentration of dCF that effectively inhibited the proliferation of U937 cells was 1/1,000 of that required for lymphoma cell lines, on a molar basis. However, the uptake of dCF or dAd in U937 cells was comparable with that in other leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. The intracellular accumulation of dATP in U937 cells was only slightly higher than that in other leukemia cells in dCF-treated culture. Treatment with dCF plus dAd induced apoptosis in U937 cells at low concentrations, and this apoptosis was reduced by treatment with caspase inhibitors. Induction of caspase-3 (CPP32) activity accompanied the apoptosis induced by dCF plus dAd. No activation of CPP32 was observed in cytosol prepared from exponentially growing leukemia and lymphoma cells. However, dATP effectively induced CPP32 activation in cytosol from monocytoid cells, but not in that from nonmonocytoid cells, suggesting that dATP-dependent CPP32 activation is at least partly involved in the preferential induction of apoptosis in monocytoid leukemia cells. The combination of dCF and dAd may be useful for the clinical treatment of acute monocytic leukemia. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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Niitsu, Nozomi, Yuri Yamaguchi, Masanori Umeda, and Yoshio Honma. "Human Monocytoid Leukemia Cells Are Highly Sensitive to Apoptosis Induced by 2′-Deoxycoformycin and 2′-Deoxyadenosine: Association With dATP-Dependent Activation of Caspase-3." Blood 92, no. 9 (November 1, 1998): 3368–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.9.3368.421k27_3368_3375.
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The adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor 2′-deoxycoformycin (dCF) significantly inhibits the proliferation of leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. When cells were incubated in the presence of both dCF and 2′-deoxyadenosine (dAd), the concentration of dCF required to induce apoptosis of monocytoid leukemia cells was much lower than that required for myeloid, erythroid, or lymphoma cell lines. Among the cell lines tested, U937 cells were the most sensitive to this treatment. The concentration of dCF that effectively inhibited the proliferation of U937 cells was 1/1,000 of that required for lymphoma cell lines, on a molar basis. However, the uptake of dCF or dAd in U937 cells was comparable with that in other leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. The intracellular accumulation of dATP in U937 cells was only slightly higher than that in other leukemia cells in dCF-treated culture. Treatment with dCF plus dAd induced apoptosis in U937 cells at low concentrations, and this apoptosis was reduced by treatment with caspase inhibitors. Induction of caspase-3 (CPP32) activity accompanied the apoptosis induced by dCF plus dAd. No activation of CPP32 was observed in cytosol prepared from exponentially growing leukemia and lymphoma cells. However, dATP effectively induced CPP32 activation in cytosol from monocytoid cells, but not in that from nonmonocytoid cells, suggesting that dATP-dependent CPP32 activation is at least partly involved in the preferential induction of apoptosis in monocytoid leukemia cells. The combination of dCF and dAd may be useful for the clinical treatment of acute monocytic leukemia. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
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Thi Minh Tam, Nguyen, Yunguo Liu, Hassan Bashir, Zhihong Yin, Yuan He, and Xudong Zhou. "Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aqueous Solution by Potassium Ferrate-Activated Porous Graphitic Biochar: Ambient Condition Influences and Adsorption Mechanism." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010291.
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Porous graphitic biochar was synthesized by one-step treatment biomass using potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) as activator for both carbonization and graphitization processes. The modified biochar (Fe@BC) was applied for the removal of diclofenac sodium (DCF) in an aqueous solution. The as-prepared material possesses a well-developed micro/mesoporous and graphitic structure, which can strengthen its adsorption capacity towards DCF. The experimental results indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of Fe@BC for DCF obtained from Langmuir isotherm simulation was 123.45 mg·L−1 and it was a remarkable value of DCF adsorption in comparison with that of other biomass-based adsorbents previously reported. Thermodynamic quality and effect of ionic strength studies demonstrated that the adsorption was a endothermic process, and higher environmental temperatures may be more favorable for the uptake of DCF onto Fe@BC surface; however, the presence of NaCl in the solution slightly obstructed DCF adsorption. Adsorption capacity was found to be decreased with the increase of solution pH. Additionally, the possible mechanism of the DCF adsorption process on Fe@BC may involve chemical adsorption with the presence of H-bonding and π–π interaction. With high adsorption capacity and reusability, Fe@BC was found to be a promising absorbent for DCF removal from water as well as for water purification applications.
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Falla, Deborah, Gwendolen Jull, Paul Dall'Alba, Alberto Rainoldi, and Roberto Merletti. "An Electromyographic Analysis of the Deep Cervical Flexor Muscles in Performance of Craniocervical Flexion." Physical Therapy 83, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 899–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/83.10.899.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. This study evaluated an electromyographic technique for the measurement of muscle activity of the deep cervical flexor (DCF) muscles. Electromyographic signals were detected from the DCF, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), and anterior scalene (AS) muscles during performance of the craniocervical flexion (CCF) test, which involves performing 5 stages of increasing craniocervical flexion range of motion—the anatomical action of the DCF muscles. Subjects. Ten volunteers without known pathology or impairment participated in this study. Methods. Root-mean-square (RMS) values were calculated for the DCF, SCM, and AS muscles during performance of the CCF test. Myoelectric signals were recorded from the DCF muscles using bipolar electrodes placed over the posterior oropharyngeal wall. Reliability estimates of normalized RMS values were obtained by evaluating intraclass correlation coefficients and the normalized standard error of the mean (SEM). Results. A linear relationship was evident between the amplitude of DCF muscle activity and the incremental stages of the CCF test (F=239.04, df=36, P<.0001). Normalized SEMs in the range 6.7% to 10.3% were obtained for the normalized RMS values for the DCF muscles, providing evidence of reliability for these variables. Discussion and Conclusion. This approach for obtaining a direct measure of the DCF muscles, which differs from those previously used, may be useful for the examination of these muscles in future electromyographic applications.
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Dereszewska, Alina, and Stanislaw Cytawa. "Effect of Diclofenac Concentration on Activated Sludge Conditions in a Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant." Water 15, no. 10 (May 11, 2023): 1838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15101838.
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Significant quantities of pharmaceutical substances enter biological wastewater treatment plants, where they interact with activated sludge microorganisms. An example of a pharmaceutical commonly used is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF). The presence of high concentrations of DCF in wastewater can disrupt nutrient removal processes, which are highly sensitive to external environmental factors. This paper discusses the effect of high DCF concentrations (1.04 mg/dm3–12.5 mg/dm3; 0.25 mg/gTS–3.0 mg/gTS) on the efficiency of nitrifying, denitrifying and phosphate-accumulating organisms in the wastewater treatment cycle. The condition of the activated sludge was assessed on the basis of the oxygen and nitrogen uptake rates values and the ability to biologically remove phosphorus compounds from the wastewater. The effect of DCF on the ability of methane-forming bacteria to produce biogas in the anaerobic digester was also investigated. None of the biochemical reactions of activated sludge were inhibited at applied DCF concentrations. A 33% reduction in biogas production was observed at a DCF dose of 0.0391 mg/gTS. Slight deviations from the typical course of biochemical transformation of ammonium compounds were recorded at a DCF concentration of 3 mg/gTS of sludge. However, in the concentration range studied, no negative effect of DCF, on the operation of the activated sludge, was found.
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Wimmerova, Lenka, Olga Solcova, Marketa Spacilova, Nadija Cehajic, Simona Krejcikova, and Petr Marsik. "Toxicity Assessment and Treatment Options of Diclofenac and Triclosan Dissolved in Water." Toxics 10, no. 8 (July 27, 2022): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080422.
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The presence of pharmaceutical and personal care products in water is increasing tremendously nowadays. Typical representatives are diclofenac (DCF) and triclosan (TCS). Acute toxicity of these substances was experimentally assessed using the freshwater algae Raphidocelis subcapitata (living, immobilized). The IC50 achieved for R. subcapitata was 177.7–189.1 mg·L−1 for DCF and 5.4–17.2 µg·L−1 for TCS, whereas, regarding DCF, the results corresponded to the values observed by other authors. Concerning TCS, the results were lower than predicted and indicated TCSs’ higher toxicity. The immobilized R. subcapitata showed comparable results with its living culture for DCF only. Regarding K2Cr2O7 and TCS, the immobilized alga was more sensitive. The DCF and TCF removal from water was tested by sorption, photocatalytic and photolytic processes. TiO2 was used as a photocatalyst. Norit and SuperSorbon were used as sorbents based on activated charcoal. The DCF decomposition achieved by both photo-processes was very fast. The starting concentration fell below the detection limit in less than one minute, while bioluminescence on Aliivibrio fischeri showed no toxic intermediates formed only in the case of photocatalysis. DCF and TCS removals by sorption were significantly faster on Norit than SuperSorbon, while the bioluminescence inhibition remained insignificant.
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Swift, Luther M., and Narine Sarvazyan. "Localization of dichlorofluorescin in cardiac myocytes: implications for assessment of oxidative stress." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 278, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): H982—H990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.3.h982.
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Localization and staining features of the oxidant-sensitive fluorescent probe 2′7′-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) were evaluated in isolated cardiac muscle cells. Cardiomyocytes rapidly accumulated the probe and retained steady levels of DCFH and its highly fluorescent oxidized product dichlorofluorescein (DCF) in probe-free medium for 1.5 h. DCF was associated with mitochondria and was released by the proton ionophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone but not by saponin, which permeabilizes the plasma membrane. A mitochondrial distribution of DCF was also suggested by experiments with the mitochondrial marker MitoTracker Red, in which quenching was observed between DCF and MitoTracker Red in live cells. Isolated cardiac mitochondria rapidly accumulated DCF, and high micromolar concentrations of the probe inhibited ADP-stimulated respiration rate. The study provides an information base essential for the interpretation and design of experiments with DCF as a marker of oxidative stress in cardiac muscle and reveals preferential localization of the probe in mitochondria.
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Patatoukas, Panos N., Richard G. Sloan, and Jenny Zha. "On the Pricing of Mandatory DCF Disclosures: Evidence from Oil and Gas Royalty Trusts." Accounting Review 90, no. 6 (April 1, 2015): 2449–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-51128.
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ABSTRACT We identify a setting in which firms are required to disclose discounted cash flow (DCF) estimates relating to the value of their primary assets. ASC 932 (formerly SFAS No. 69) has mandated DCF disclosures for proved oil and gas reserves since 1982, and these reserves constitute the primary assets of oil and gas royalty trusts. For a hand-collected sample of oil and gas royalty trusts, we find that (1) the mandatory DCF disclosures are incrementally value-relevant over historical cost accounting variables, (2) investors misprice royalty trust units because they underweight the disclosed DCF estimates when forecasting future distributions, and (3) media articles bringing attention to discrepancies between price and the disclosed DCF estimates are significant stock price catalysts. While our evidence indicates that mandatory DCF disclosures can be incrementally useful for security valuation, it also indicates that investors may overlook such information, potentially due to lack of attention and accounting expertise. Data Availability: Data are publicly available from sources indicated in the text.
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Grandclément, Camille, Anne Piram, Marie-Eléonore Petit, Isabelle Seyssiecq, Isabelle Laffont-Schwob, Guillaume Vanot, Nicolas Tiliacos, Nicolas Roche, and Pierre Doumenq. "Biological Removal and Fate Assessment of Diclofenac Using Bacillus subtilis and Brevibacillus laterosporus Strains and Ecotoxicological Effects of Diclofenac and 4′-Hydroxy-diclofenac." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (April 30, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9789420.
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Since bacterial consortia involved in conventional wastewater treatment processes are not efficient in removing diclofenac (DCF), an emerging pollutant frequently detected in water bodies, the identification of microorganisms able to metabolise this pharmaceutical compound is relevant. Thus, DCF removal was investigated using bacteria isolated from aqueous stock solutions of this micropollutant and identified as Bacillus and Brevibacillus species using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A 100% DCF removal was achieved after 17 hours of experiment at 20°C in a nutrient medium; the biodegradation kinetic followed a pseudo-first order (kbiol = 11 L·gSS−1·d−1). Quantitative assessment of DCF removal showed that its main route was biotic degradation. The main degradation product of DCF, 4′-hydroxy-diclofenac (4′-OH-DCF), was identified using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation high-resolution mass spectrometry. Since the ecotoxicological impact of 4′-hydroxy-diclofenac was not reported in the literature, the ecotoxicity of DCF and its metabolite were tentatively evaluated using Vibrio fischeri bioassays. Results from these tests showed that this metabolite is not more toxic than its parent compound and may hopefully be an intermediate product in the DCF transformation. Indeed, no significant difference in ecotoxicity was observed after 30 min between DCF (50 should be writtten in subscript all along the manuscript in EC50 = 23 ± 4 mg·L−1) and 4′-hydroxy-diclofenac (EC50 = 19 ± 2 mg·L−1). Besides, the study highlighted a limit of the Microtox® bioassay, which is largely used to assess ecotoxicity. The bioluminescence of Vibrio fischeri was impacted due to the production of microbial activity and the occurrence of some carbon source in the studied medium.
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Lièvre, A. "Kim S, François E, André T, et al. (2018) Lancet Oncol 19:1094–106 Schéma de chimiothérapie associant docétaxel, cisplatine et fluoro-uracile pour le traitement d’un carcinome épidermoïde anal localement récurrent métastatique ou non résécable (Épitopes HPV02) : une étude multicentrique de phase 2 à bras unique." Côlon & Rectum 13, no. 2 (May 2019): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/cer-2019-0075.
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Contexte: L’incidence du carcinome épidermoïde anal a nettement augmenté au cours des dernières décennies. Il n’existe actuellement aucun traitement validé pour le carcinome épidermoïde anal de stade avancé. Par conséquent, nous avons cherché à valider l’activité clinique et l’innocuité de la chimiothérapie à base de docétaxel, de cisplatine et de 5-FU (DCF) chez des patients atteints d’un carcinome épidermoïde anal récurrent, métastatique ou non résécable.Méthodes: Nous avons mené une étude de phase 2 multicentrique monobras, ayant inclus des patients de 25 CHU, centres de lutte contre le cancer et CHG en France, âgés de 18 ans ou plus atteints d’un carcinome épidermoïde anal métastatique ou récidivant non résécable confirmé histologiquement ; avec un indice de performance de 0 ou 1 ECOG et avec au moins une lésion évaluable selon les critères RECIST (version 1.1). Les patients, naïfs de chimiothérapie, ont reçu soit six cycles de DCF standard (75 mg/m2de docétaxel et 75 mg/m2de cisplatine à j1 et 750 mg/m2par jour de 5-FU pendant cinq jours, toutes les trois semaines), soit huit cycles de DCFmodifié (docétaxel à 40 mg/m2et cisplatine à 40 mg/m2à j1 et 1 200 mg/m2par jour de fluoro-uracile pendant deux jours, toutes les deux semaines), administrés par voie intraveineuse. Le choix entre les schémas standard et modifiés a été recommandé en fonction, mais sans s’y limiter, de l’âge (≤ 75 vs > 75 ans) et de l’indice de performance ECOG (0 vs 1). Le critère d’évaluation principal était la survie sans progression évaluée par l’investigateur 12 mois après le premier cycle de DCF. Pour que le critère d’évaluation principal soit atteint, au moins 11 (17 %) des 66 patients inclus devaient être en vie sans progression tumorale à 12 mois. Des analyses d’efficacité et de tolérance ont été réalisées dans une population en intention de traiter modifiée, définie comme l’ensemble des patients évaluables pour la progression à 12 mois et qui avaient reçu au moins un cycle de DCF. Cet essai est enregistré à ClinicalTrials.gov, numéro NCT02402842, et les résultats finaux sont présentés ici.Résultats: Entre le 17 septembre 2014 et le 7 décembre 2016, nous avons inclus 69 patients. Parmi ces patients, trois n’ont pas reçu de DCF. Sur les 66 patients qui ont reçu un traitement, 36 ont reçu le schéma DCF standard, et 30 ont reçu un DCF modifié. Le critère d’évaluation principal a été atteint : 31 (47 %) des 66 patients étaient en vie et sans progression à 12 mois. Vingt-deux (61 %) des 36 patients ayant reçu le schéma DCF standard et 18 (60 %) des 30 patients ayant reçu le DCF modifié ont présenté une progression de la maladie à la date de point. Quarante-six (70 %) des 66 patients ont eu au moins un événement indésirable de grade 3 ou 4 (30 [83 %] sur 36 traités par DCF standard et 16 [53 %] sur 30 traités par DCF modifié). Les effets indésirables de grade 3 ou 4 les plus fréquents étaient la neutropénie (15 [23 %], 8 [22 %] pour le DCF standard vs 7 [23 %] pour le DCF modifié), la diarrhée (12 [18 %], 9 [25 %] vs 3 [10 %]), l’asthénie (10 [15 %], 8 [22 %] vs 2 [7 %]), l’anémie (10 [15 %], 6 [17 %] vs 4 [13 %]), la lymphopénie (8 [12 %], 3 [8 %] vs 5 [17 %]), la mucite (7 [11 %], 7 [19 %] vs 0) et les vomissements (7 [11 %], 5 [14 %] vs 2 [7 %]). Aucun effet indésirable non hématologique de grade 4 ni neutropénie fébrile n’a été observé avec le DCF modifié, alors que trois (8 %) effets indésirables non hématologiques de grade 4 et cinq (14 %) neutropénies fébriles ont été rapportés avec du DCF standard. Quatre-vingt-dix-sept événements indésirables graves ont été rapportés (69 chez les patients recevant le DCF standard [61 liés au médicament] et 28 chez ceux ayant reçu le DCF modifié [14 liés au médicament]). Aucun décès lié au traitement n’a été enregistré.Conclusion: Comparé au DCF standard, le DCF modifié a permis, en première ligne, une réponse durable avec une bonne tolérance chez les patients ayant un carcinome épidermoïde anal métastatique ou récidivant non résécable, avec indice de performance ECOG de 0–1, et pourrait donc être considéré comme un nouveau traitement standard de soins chez ces patients. En raison du risque élevé d’événements indésirables graves, de toxicité sévère et de neutropénie fébrile, le DCF standard ne peut pas être recommandé dans cette situation.
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Endo, Fumitaka, Yuji Akiyama, Takeshi Iwaya, Haruka Nikai, Akira Umemura, Shigeaki Baba, Takehiro Chiba, et al. "PS02.122: PREOPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY WITH BIWEEKLY DOCETAXEL, CISPLATIN, AND 5-FLUOROURACIL FOR ADVANCED ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps02.122.
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Abstract Background Docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) therapy can have severe adverse events, including neutropenia and febrile neutropenia. Feasibility of DCF is a concern especially for elderly patients, patients with moderate organ disorder, and those with dysphagia or insufficient oral intake causing malnutrition. We introduced biweekly DCF therapy (bDCF) for the purpose of reducing severe adverse events for these fragile patients. This study investigated the feasibility and efficacy of bDCF therapy for patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent radical esophagectomy after chemotherapy. Methods The parent DCF regimen consisted of 60–70 mg/m2 of docetaxel on day 1, administered intravenously for 2 h; 80 mg/m2 of cisplatin on day 1, administered intravenously for 2 h; and 5-fluorouracil administered by continuous infusion at a dose of 800 mg/m2 on days 1–5. The DCF regimen was repeated every 3–4 weeks. The bDCF regimen consisted of docetaxel (30 mg/m2) on days 1 and 15 in combination with cisplatin (80 mg/m2 on day 1) and 5-fluorouracil (800 mg/m2 on days 1–5), repeated every 4 weeks. Results Thirty-seven patients were treated with the DCF regimen (DCF group) and 22 patients were treated with the bDCF regimen (bDCF group). The age of patients was significantly higher in the bDCF group than in the DCF group. The bDCF group had more patients with heart and pulmonary comorbidities. Biweekly DCF group was significantly higher in the clinical response rate (DCF group 62.2% vs. bDCF group 86.4%, P = 0.0472). Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia was less frequent in the bDCF group (40.9%) than in the pDCF group (81.1%) (P = 0.0016). Among non-hematologic toxicities, anorexia was less frequent in the bDCF group (0%) than in the pDCF group (18.9%) (P = 0.0298). There were no significant differences between the groups in postoperative morbidity rate (bDCF group 45.5% vs. pDCF group 32.4%). Conclusion Preoperative bDCF therapy was feasible and safety without reduction of the efficacy of DCF therapy for fragile patients such as elderly patients, patients with moderate functional disorder, and that with malnutrition caused by dysphagia or insufficient oral intake. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
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Ma, Nan, Nannan Zhang, Ling Gao, Rongfang Yuan, Huilun Chen, Xuerui Hou, Jiawei Hou, Fei Wang, and Beihai Zhou. "Removal of Diclofenac in Effluent of Sewage Treatment Plant by Photocatalytic Oxidation." Water 12, no. 10 (October 17, 2020): 2902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102902.
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Diclofenac (DCF) has been widely found in sewage treatment plants and environmental water bodies, and has attracted worldwide attention. In this paper, the photocatalytic degradation of DCF was investigated using a laboratory-scale simulated solar experimental device. This study focused on exploring the effects of the actual secondary effluent from sewage treatment plants (SE-A and SE-B) on the photocatalytic degradation of DCF and the changes of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during the photocatalytic degradation process. The results showed when SE-A and SE-B were used as the background water of the DCF solution, they displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the degradation of DCF, and the values of k were 0.039 and 0.0113 min−1, respectively. Among them, DOM played a major inhibitory role in photocatalytic degradation of DCF in sewage. In the photocatalytic process, the biological toxicity of the DCF solution was the least after 30 min of reaction, and then gradually increased. Furthermore, the organic matters in the sewage were greatly degraded after the photocatalytic reaction, including 254 and 365 nm ultraviolet (UV254, UV365) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Moreover, titanium dioxide (TiO2) first catalyzed the degradation of macromolecular organic matters, and then degraded the small molecular organic matters.
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Therre, Steffen, Jens Fohlmeister, Dominik Fleitmann, Albert Matter, Stephen J. Burns, Jennifer Arps, Andrea Schröder-Ritzrau, Ronny Friedrich, and Norbert Frank. "Climate-induced speleothem radiocarbon variability on Socotra Island from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Younger Dryas." Climate of the Past 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-409-2020.
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Abstract. In this study, the dead carbon fraction (DCF) variations in stalagmite M1-5 from Socotra Island in the western Arabian Sea were investigated through a new set of high-precision U-series and radiocarbon (14C) dates. The data reveal an extreme case of very high and also climate-dependent DCF. For M1-5, an average DCF of 56.2±3.4 % is observed between 27 and 18 kyr BP. Such high DCF values indicate a high influence of aged soil organic matter (SOM) and nearly completely closed-system carbonate dissolution conditions. Towards the end of the last glacial period, decreasing Mg∕Ca ratios suggest an increase in precipitation which caused a marked change in the soil carbon cycling as indicated by sharply decreasing DCF. This is in contrast to the relation of soil infiltration and DCF as seen in stalagmites from temperate zones. For Socotra Island, which is influenced by the East African–Indian monsoon, we propose that more humid conditions and enhanced net infiltration after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) led to dense vegetation and thus lowered the DCF by increasing 14CO2 input into the soil zone. At the onset of the Younger Dryas (YD) a sudden change in DCF towards much higher, and extremely variable, values is observed. Our study highlights the dramatic variability of soil carbon cycling processes and vegetation feedback on Socotra Island manifested in stalagmite DCF on both long-term trends and sub-centennial timescales, thus providing evidence for climate influence on stalagmite radiocarbon. This is of particular relevance for speleothem studies that aim to reconstruct past atmospheric 14C (e.g., for the purposes of 14C calibration), as these would rely on largely climate-independent soil carbon cycling above the cave.
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Pireddu, Rosa, Michele Schlich, Salvatore Marceddu, Donatella Valenti, Elena Pini, Anna Maria Fadda, Francesco Lai, and Chiara Sinico. "Nanosuspensions and Microneedles Roller as a Combined Approach to Enhance Diclofenac Topical Bioavailability." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2020): 1140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12121140.
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Topical application of the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) reduces the severity of systemic unwanted effects compared to its oral administration. A number of transdermal formulations are available on the market and routinely used in clinical and home-care settings. However, the amount of DCF delivered across the skin remains limited and often insufficient, thus making the oral route still necessary for achieving sufficient drug concentration at the inflamed site. In attempting to improve the transdermal penetration, we explored the combined use of DCF nanosuspensions with a microneedle roller. Firstly, DCF nanosuspensions were prepared by a top-down media milling method and characterized by spectroscopic, thermal and electron microscopy analyses. Secondly, the pore-forming action of microneedle rollers on skin specimens (ex vivo) was described by imaging at different scales. Finally, DCF nanosuspensions were applied on newborn pig skin (in vitro) in combination with microneedles roller treatment, assessing the DCF penetration and distribution in the different skin layers. The relative contribution of microneedle length, nanosuspension stabilizer and application sequence could be identified by systemically varying these parameters.
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Wang, Yingling, Tianjun Ni, Jianmei Yuan, Chunfeng Wang, and Guoguang Liu. "Oxidative treatment of diclofenac via ferrate(VI) in aqueous media: effect of surfactant additives." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 6 (December 27, 2016): 1342–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.601.
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The potential reaction of diclofenac (DCF) with ferrate(VI) and influences of coexisting surfactants have not been investigated in depth, and are the focus of this study. The results demonstrated that DCF reacted effectively and rapidly with Fe(VI) and approximately 75% of DCF (0.03 mM) was removed by excess Fe(VI) (0.45 mM) within 10 min. All of the reactions followed pseudo first-order kinetics with respect to DCF and Fe(VI), where the apparent second-order rate constant (kapp) was 5.07 M−1 s−1 at pH 9.0. Furthermore, the degradation efficiencies of DCF were clearly dependent on the concentrations of dissolved organic matter additives in the substrate solution. Primarily, inhibitory effects were observed with the samples that contained anionic (sodium dodecyl-benzene sulfonate, SDBS) or non-ionic (Tween-80) surfactants, which have been attributed to the side reactions between Fe(VI) and surfactants, which led to a reduction in the available oxidant for DCF destruction. Furthermore, the addition of a cationic surfactant (cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB) and humic acid (HA) conveyed significantly promotional effects on the DCF-Fe(VI) reaction. The rate enhancement effect for CTAB might be due to micellar surface catalysis, through the Coulomb attraction between the reactants and positively charged surfactants, while the catalytic action for HA resulted from the additional oxidation of Fe(V)/Fe(IV) in the presence of HA. The results provided the basic knowledge required to understand the environmental relevance of DCF oxidation via Fe(VI) in the presence of surfactant additives.
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Al-Rehiayani, S., and K. A. Osman. "Fate of Preharvest-Sprayed Dicofol in Date Fruits: Residue Analysis by HPLC-UV." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol10iss1pp21-26.
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The fate of pre-harvest-sprayed dicofol (DCF) on date fruits has been investigated. Date palm trees, variety Sukkari, were sprayed with DCF (18.5%, EC) at the rate of 200 ml/100 L. DCF residues in date fruits were determined at different time intervals using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection at 220 nm. The method was based on extraction with ethyl acetate. The results showed that the HPLC response was linear (r2 > 0.98) for DCF in the range of 0.0 to 2 mμg. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.24 and 0.80 ppm, respectively. The method was developed by using spiked date fruits at levels of 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 ppm. Recovery percentage was satisfactory with a range of 77.2 to 103.6% and an RSD ranging from 6.33 to 11.84%. A biphasic model was assumed in order to carry out the statistical study of the loss of DCF from date fruits. The results showed that the initial deposit of DCF on date fruits was 11.22 ppm, while the residue value decreased to 1.90 ppm seven days after spraying, which is below the tolerance limit for fruits and vegetables (2 ppm). Also, the data indicate that there was a faster rate of DCF loss in the first phase than the second one. This is clearly reflected in the t1/2 values, where the half-lives of DCF were 1.35 and 38.52 days, for the first and second phase model, respectively. The described method is rapid and sensitive, with satisfactory recoveries and reproducibility.
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Peterson, Kristin, and Thomas Straka. "Specialized Discounted Cash Flow Analysis Formulas for Valuation of Benefits and Costs of Urban Trees and Forests." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 37, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2011.026.
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Urban trees and forests have distinct benefits and costs that can be evaluated financially. While there are appraisal methods commonly used to value individual trees and urban forests, one method that is difficult to use in practice is a discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis. This is the appraisal method that best accounts for the time value of money and allows for a temporal comparison of benefits and costs. Current timber appraisal methods are discussed for urban situations and DCF analysis is presented as a viable supplemental appraisal method for valuation of the urban trees. Simple models are presented that allow for the solution of DCF-type urban forestry valuations using conventional software valuation packages. Examples are provided of typical urban tree benefit and cost scenarios, with DCF calculations of present value (PV) and net present value using the specialized DCF formulas.
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Yamashita, Keishi, Natsuya Katada, Chikatoshi Katada, Kei Hosoda, Hiomitsu Moriya, Katsuhiko Higuchi, Wasaburo Koizumi, and Masahiko Watanabe. "Neoadjuvant chemotherapy using concurrent docetaxel/CDDP/5-FU (DCF) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its excellent short-term prognosis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e15122-e15122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e15122.
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e15122 Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) using 5-FU/CDDP (FP) followed by surgery is a standard treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, this therapy often encountered progression during the early course of treatment. We are developing the novel NAC using Docetaxel/CDDP/5-FU (DCF). Methods: Thirty eight patients who underwent DCF NAC in cStage II/III ESCC was compared with the 41 counterparts treated by FP NAC. Docetaxel and CDDP were both given to 70-75 mg/ m2 with concurrent 5-FU at 750 mg/m2in 3 cycles. Median follow-up term of DCF NAC reached 18 months. Results: In DCF NAC, grade 3 adverse effects (AEs) were recognized in 97% (37/38), however non-hematological AEs exhibited 8% in stomatitis and 5% in anorexia, and completion rate of the DCF NAC was 86 %. In terms of PR+CR rate, DCF NAC was remarkably more excellent (33/38: 86.8%) than FP NAC (24/41: 58.5%)(P=0.0050). In DCF NAC therapy, 30 patients underwent surgery including 24 R0 esophagectomy, whereas another 8 patients selected definitive chemoradiation therapy. We experienced 3 patients with a pathologic complete response (ypCR)(10%) in DCF NAC. The 1st univariate prognostic analysis for progression free survival (PFS) among all the cases with NAC revealed that significant factors were R0 resection (P<0.0001), cT factor (P=0.0098), and NAC modality (P=0.1), and multivariate proportional hazard model identified these 3 factors as independent prognostic factors (IPFs). We then performed the 2nd stage multivariate prognostic analysis limited to R0 cases including pathologic factors for PFS. The univariate negative prognostic factors were FP NAC (P=0.0064), ypT3 (P=0.032), ypN3 (P=0.0017), ypv2/3 (P=0.0072), as well as cT3 (P=0.033), and multivariate analysis identified only NAC modality. DCF NAC was significantly associated with less frequency of ypT3 (P=0.019) and ypv2/3(P=0.013). Conclusions: Novel DCF NAC for ESCC demonstrated high response rates, and is promising for excellent survival in R0 cases, with acceptable feasibility. It improved the patient survival through downstage of the significant prognostic factors.
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Gai, Junyue. "Buffett’s Value Investment Theory Based on Improved DCF Model." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (August 1, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4293248.
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With the development of global economy, the investment theory of capital market needs to be further developed in order to provide investors with various references in the process of value investment. Value theory is very important for international investors. Since Graham put forward the theory of value investment, he has always emphasized the importance of discounted cash flow model (DCF model) in investment evaluation. Therefore, the DCF model has great influence on investment. In order to provide some domestic investors with value-added analysis methods when investing, we will investigate the practical theory of improving the DCF model in extreme environment. Based on the theory of value investment, time series analysis is introduced to improve the DCF model. The improved DCF model can estimate the original value of an enterprise by combining the factors that affect the change of enterprise value. In the research of securities investment, considering that the existing DCF model based on the American capital market has some shortcomings in domestic capital market, it needs to be improved. To forecast the future cash flow, the time series analysis method should be used instead of the sales ratio method. American investor Warren Buffett’s philosophy and practice of value investment have been paid attention to and studied by the world. Value theory is a series of famous theories put forward by Graham and applied and developed by Buffett. By combining the improved DCF model with Buffett’s personal business experience, this paper analyzes and summarizes the relevant contents of Buffett’s value investment theory based on the improved DCF model and puts forward some suggestions worthy of reference for Chinese investors.