Journal articles: 'Daytime behaviour'

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Wiggs, Luci, and Gregory Stores. "Behavioural Treatment for Sleep Problems in Children with Severe Learning Disabilities and Challenging Daytime Behaviour: Effect on Daytime Behaviour." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 40, no. 4 (May 1999): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00479.

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Giannotti, Flavia, Flavia Cortesi, Teresa Sebastiani, and Salvatore Ottaviano. "Circadian preference, sleep and daytime behaviour in adolescence." Journal of Sleep Research 11, no. 3 (September 2002): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00302.x.

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Karan, Deepak K., Duggirala Pallamraju, Kedar A. Phadke, Tatiparti Vijayalakshmi, Tarun K. Pant, and Shyamoli Mukherjee. "Electrodynamic influence on the diurnal behaviour of neutral daytime airglow emissions." Annales Geophysicae 34, no. 11 (November 16, 2016): 1019–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-1019-2016.

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Abstract. The diurnal variations in daytime airglow emission intensity measurements at three wavelengths OI 777.4 nm, OI 630.0 nm, and OI 557.7 nm made from a low-latitude location, Hyderabad (17.5° N, 78.4° E; 8.9° N MLAT) in India have been investigated. The intensity patterns showed both symmetric and asymmetric behaviour in their respective diurnal emission variability with respect to local noon. The asymmetric diurnal behaviour is not expected considering the photochemical nature of the production mechanisms. The reason for this observed asymmetric diurnal behaviour has been found to be predominantly the temporal variation in the equatorial electrodynamics. The plasma that is transported across latitudes due to the action of varying electric field strengths over the magnetic equator in the daytime contributes to the asymmetric diurnal behaviour in the neutral daytime airglow emissions. Independent magnetic and radio measurements support this finding. It is also noted that this asymmetric diurnal behaviour in the neutral emission intensities has a solar cycle dependence with a greater number of days during high solar activity period showing asymmetric diurnal behaviour compared to those during a low solar activity epoch. These intensity variations over a long timescale demonstrate that the daytime neutral optical emissions are extremely sensitive to the changes in the eastward electric field over low and equatorial latitudes.

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Christiansen, Svenja, Thor A. Klevjer, Anders Røstad, Dag L. Aksnes, and Stein Kaartvedt. "Flexible behaviour in a mesopelagic fish (Maurolicus muelleri)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 78, no. 5 (April 14, 2021): 1623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab075.

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Abstract Variability of mesopelagic scattering layers is often attributed to environmental conditions or multi-species layer composition. Yet, little is known about variation in behaviour among the individuals forming scattering layers. Based on a 10 months high-resolution dataset from stationary echosounders in a Norwegian fjord, we here assess short-term and long-term behaviour of a single mesopelagic fish species, the pearlside Maurolicus muelleri. The daytime vertical extension of the monospecific pearlside scattering layers spanned four orders of magnitude ambient light in the autumn and winter and less than one order of magnitude in summer. While the main layers tracked relatively stable light levels over daytime, some individuals actively crossed light gradients of up to 1.5 orders of magnitude. This included individuals that moved between scattering layers, and apparently bold individuals that made regular upward excursions beyond the main population distribution. During the daytime, M. muelleri mitigated the risk of predation by forming tight groups in the upper scattering layer and, at light levels >10−6 µmol m−2 s−1, by instantly diving into deeper waters upon encounters with predators. Our observations suggest that individual, and probably state-dependent, decisions may extend the pearlsides’ vertical distribution, with implications for predator–prey interactions.

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Benseñor, IJM, PA Lotufo, D. Mion-Jr, and MA Martins. "Blood Pressure Behaviour in Chronic Daily Headache." Cephalalgia 22, no. 3 (April 2002): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00340.x.

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The objective was to examine the association between high blood pressure (BP) and chronic daily headache using 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitorization (24-h ABPM). This was a cross sectional study in an out-patient clinic. Women were selected among patients referred for first evaluation, 62 with chronic daily headache and 57 without chronic daily headache. The main outcome measures were mean office systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), mean systolic and diastolic daytime and night-time BP and BP load, and mean systolic and diastolic nocturnal fall. Office systolic BP was 138.2 mmHg for women with chronic daily headache and 141.7 mmHg for women without headache ( P = 0.36). Office diastolic BP was 88.9 mmHg for women with headache and 92.7 mmHg for women without headache ( P = 0.17). Mean daytime and mean night-time systolic BP was, respectively, 122.2 mmHg and 108.8 mmHg for women with headache and 122.9 mmHg and 109.5 for women without headache ( P = 0.82 and P = 0.80, respectively). Mean daytime and mean night-time diastolic BP was, respectively, 78.6 mmHg and 65.4 mmHg for women with headache and 79.9 mmHg and 67.1 mmHg for the women without headache ( P = 0.80 and P = 0.45, respectively). There was no difference between the two groups regarding systolic and diastolic BP load and nocturnal systolic and diastolic fall. No significant difference in BP values was observed in women with chronic daily headache compared with women without headache using 24-h ABPM.

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Connell, K. A., U. Munro, and F. R. Torpy. "Daytime behaviour of the grey-headed flying fox Pteropus poliocephalus Temminck (Pteropodidae: Megachiroptera) at an autumn/winter roost." Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 1 (2006): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06002.

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The grey-headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus Temminck) is a threatened large fruit bat endemic to Australia. It roosts in large colonies in rainforest patches, mangroves, open forest, riparian woodland and, as native habitat is reduced, increasingly in vegetation within urban environments. The general biology, ecology and behaviour of this bat remain largely unknown, which makes it difficult to effectively monitor, protect and manage this species. The current study provides baseline information on the daytime behaviour of P. poliocephalus in an autumn/winter roost in urban Sydney, Australia, between April and August 2003. The most common daytime behaviours expressed by the flying foxes were sleeping (most common), grooming, mating/courtship, and wing spreading (least common). Behaviours differed significantly between times of day and seasons (autumn and winter). Active behaviours (i.e., grooming, mating/courtship, wing spreading) occurred mainly in the morning, while sleeping predominated in the afternoon. Mating/courtship and wing spreading were significantly higher in April (reproductive period) than in winter (non-reproductive period). Grooming was the only behaviour that showed no significant variation between sample periods. These results provide important baseline data for future comparative studies on the behaviours of flying foxes from urban and ?natural? camps, and the development of management strategies for this species.

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Kölbel, Melanie, Fenella J. Kirkham, and Dagmara Dimitriou. "Developmental Profile of Sleep and Its Potential Impact on Daytime Functioning from Childhood to Adulthood in Sickle Cell Anaemia." Brain Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10120981.

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Young individuals with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) experience sleep disturbances and often experience daytime tiredness, which in turn may impact on their daytime functioning and academic attainment, but there are few longitudinal data. Methods: Data on sleep habits and behaviour were taken on the same day as an in-hospital polysomnography. This study assesses the developmental sleep profiles of children and young adults aged 4–23 years old with SCA. We examined retrospective polysomnography (PSG) and questionnaire data. Results: A total of 256 children with a median age of 10.67 years (130 male) were recruited and 179 returned for PSG 1.80–6.72 years later. Later bedtimes and a decrease in total sleep time (TST) were observed. Sleep disturbances, e.g., parasomnias and night waking, were highest in preschool children and young adults at their first visit. Participants with lower sleep quality, more movement during the night and increased night waking experienced daytime sleepiness, potentially an indicator of lower daytime functioning. Factors influencing sleep quantity included age, hydroxyurea prescription, mean overnight oxygen saturation, sleep onset latency, periodic limb movement, socioeconomic status and night waking. Conclusion: Sleep serves an important role for daytime functioning in SCA; hence, quantitative (i.e., PSG for clinical symptoms, e.g., sleep-disordered breathing, nocturnal limb movement) and qualitative (i.e., questionnaires for habitual sleep behaviour) assessments of sleep should be mutually considered to guide interventions.

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Chanfreau-Rona, Diana, Belinda Wylie, and Stuart Bellwood. "Behaviour Treatment of Daytime Incontinence in Elderly Male and Female Patients." Behavioural Psychotherapy 14, no. 1 (January 1986): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300012453.

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This paper describes an attempt at retraining continence in elderly psychogeriatric patients using behavioural methods. Thirty patients across four wards were selected and divided equally into experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent a training programme lasting a total of seven weeks whilst the control group continued with the usual nursing procedure.The results showed no significant differences in frequency of incontinence between the different groups at the end of the programme. However, there were indications that a continence training programme is more likely to be beneficial to those patients who have a low level of incontinence rather than those for whom incontinence is a more severe problem. For these patients, those in the experimental group showed increased levels of incontinence after the training period compared to the control group.

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Stevenson, Jim, and Robert Goodman. "Association between behaviour at age 3 years and adult criminality." British Journal of Psychiatry 179, no. 3 (September 2001): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.3.197.

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BackgroundThe continuity in antisocial behaviour into adulthood from middle childhood is well established but it is not clear whether this is also true of the pre-school period.AimsTo determine whether preschool behaviour problems increase the risk of later criminal convictions and add to risk associated with family and social circumstances.MethodThe records of adult convictions were traced for a general population sample (n=828) initially assessed at age 3 years.ResultsThe risk of having any adult conviction was related to soiling, daytime enuresis, activity level and management difficulties, and that of having an adult violent offence to recent-onset daytime enuresis, management difficulties and temper tantrums. The only other predictors of later convictions were the child's gender and social competence at age 3 years.ConclusionsThe presence of specific behaviour problems in the pre-school period places the child at increased risk of being convicted of an adult offence. Family and social circumstances at age 3 years did not predict later convictions.

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Billard, Pauline, Alexandra K. Schnell, Nicola S. Clayton, and Christelle Jozet-Alves. "Cuttlefish show flexible and future-dependent foraging cognition." Biology Letters 16, no. 2 (February 2020): 20190743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0743.

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Some animals optimize their foraging activity by learning and memorizing food availability, in terms of quantity and quality, and adapt their feeding behaviour accordingly. Here, we investigated whether cuttlefish flexibly adapt their foraging behaviour according to the availability of their preferred prey. In Experiment 1, cuttlefish switched from a selective to an opportunistic foraging strategy (or vice versa ) when the availability of their preferred prey at night was predictable versus unpredictable. In Experiment 2, cuttlefish exhibited day-to-day foraging flexibility, in response to experiencing changes in the proximate future (i.e. preferred prey available on alternate nights). In Experiment 1, the number of crabs eaten during the day decreased when shrimp (i.e. preferred food) were predictably available at night, while the consumption of crabs during the day was maintained when shrimp availability was unpredictable. Cuttlefish quickly shifted from one strategy to the other, when experimental conditions were reversed. In Experiment 2, cuttlefish only reduced their consumption of crabs during the daytime when shrimps were predictably available the following night. Their daytime foraging behaviour appeared dependent on shrimps' future availability. Overall, cuttlefish can adopt dynamic and flexible foraging behaviours including selective, opportunistic and future-dependent strategies, in response to changing foraging conditions.

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Haug-Schnabel, G. "Daytime and Nighttime Enuresis: a Functional Disorder and Its Ethological Decoding." Behaviour 120, no. 3-4 (1992): 232–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853992x00624.

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AbstractIn wetting children (functional enuresis nocturna and diurna) days and nights with perfect bladder control alternate with wet days and nights. Changes of behaviourial regulation are responsible for the temporary disfunction of bladder control when awake or asleep. By means of long-term behaviour observations of wetting children in their families and in kindergarten we succeeded in isolating different forms of wetting. Wetting during zealous play, referred to as enuresis diurna type A, occurs when the bladder is filled during an intensive play activity. Wetting due to conflict (enuresis diurna type B) as well as nighttime wetting (enuresis nocturna) occur independently of the filling of the bladder, but directly depending on preceding stressful events. Step by step the information from the behaviour observations are incorporated into the functional diagram of the regulation of micturition until the elements of the faulty regulation in functional enuresis can be demonstrated. In the wetting child the need for loving attention has become the signal for the micturition. This learned association is the pathological part within the behaviour regulation. Functional enuresis is an example for a modification of biologically adaptive behaviourial elements by unfavourable environmental conditions.

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Fuchs, T., D. Maury, F. R. Moore, and V. P. Bingman. "Daytime micro-naps in a nocturnal migrant: an EEG analysis." Biology Letters 5, no. 1 (November 5, 2008): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0405.

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Many species of typically diurnal songbirds experience sleep loss during the migratory seasons owing to their nocturnal migrations. However, despite substantial loss of sleep, nocturnally migrating songbirds continue to function normally with no observable effect on their behaviour. It is unclear if and how avian migrants compensate for sleep loss. Recent behavioural evidence suggests that some species may compensate for lost night-time sleep with short, uni- and bilateral ‘micro-naps’ during the day. We provide electrophysiological evidence that short episodes of sleep-like daytime behaviour (approx. 12 s) are accompanied by sleep-like changes in brain activity in an avian migrant. Furthermore, we present evidence that part of this physiological brain response manifests itself as unihemispheric sleep, a state during which one brain hemisphere is asleep while the other hemisphere remains essentially awake. Episodes of daytime sleep may represent a potent adaptation to the challenges of avian migration and offer a plausible explanation for the resilience to sleep loss in nocturnal migrants.

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Esbensen, A. J., E. K. Hoffman, D. W. Beebe, K. C. Byars, and J. Epstein. "Links between sleep and daytime behaviour problems in children with Down syndrome." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 62, no. 2 (December 28, 2017): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jir.12463.

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Ellis, W. A. H., A. Melzer, F. N. Carrick, and M. Hasegawa. "Tree use, diet and home range of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) at Blair Athol, central Queensland." Wildlife Research 29, no. 3 (2002): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr00111.

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Free-ranging koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) were monitored by means of radio-relocation in the area of Blair Athol Coal Mine and surrounding properties. Daytime tree use, home range and diet of these koalas was determined in spring and autumn, as was the leaf moisture composition of potential fodder species. Koalas used on average 93 (male koalas) and 56 (female koalas) trees during the period of observation, occupying home ranges of 135 and 101 ha respectively. Mean sightings per tree were 1.19 for both males and females and home-range sizes were not significantly different between sexes or seasons. Koalas were observed returning to previously used daytime roosting trees infrequently (<12%). Although koalas were observed roosting in trees of the species that they ate, proportional species representation in the diet of these koalas during spring and autumn did not accurately reflect concurrent observations of their daytime tree-roosting behaviour. Koalas were observed to utilise non-fodder species for daytime roosting, and patterns of daytime tree use and diet selection varied between individuals inhabiting adjacent communities within the site. Leaf moisture of tree species represented in koala diets was greater in autumn than spring.

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Lhomme, J. P., and E. Elguero. "Examination of evaporative fraction diurnal behaviour using a soil-vegetation model coupled with a mixed-layer model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 2 (June 30, 1999): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-3-259-1999.

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Abstract. In many experimental conditions, the evaporative fraction, defined as the ratio between evaporation and available energy, has been found stable during daylight hours. This constancy is investigated over fully covering vegetation by means of a land surface scheme coupled with a mixed-layer model, which accounts for entrainment of overlying air. The evaporation rate follows the Penman-Monteith equation and the surface resistance is given by a Jarvis type parameterization involving solar radiation, saturation deficit and leaf water potential. The diurnal course of the evaporative fraction is examined, together with the influence of environmental factors (soil water availability, solar radiation input, wind velocity, saturation deficit above the well-mixed layer). In conditions of fair weather, the curves representing the diurnal course of the evaporative fraction have a typical concave-up shape. Around midday (solar time) these curves appear as relatively constant, but always lower that the daytime mean value. Evaporative fraction decreases when soil water decreases or when solar energy increases. An increment of saturation deficit above the mixed-layer provokes only a slight increase of evaporative fraction, and wind velocity has almost no effect. The possibility of estimation daytime evaporation from daytime available energy multiplied by the evaporative fraction at a single time of the day is also investigated. It appears that it is possible to obtain fairly good estimates of daytime evaporation by choosing adequately the time of the measurement of the evaporative fraction. The central hours of the day, and preferably about 3 hr before or after noon, are the most appropriate to provide good estimates. The estimation appears also to be much better when soil water availability (or evaporation) is high than when it is low.

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Harmange, Clément, Vincent Bretagnolle, Nathan Chabaud, Mathieu Sarasa, and Olivier Pays. "Diel cycle in a farmland bird is shaped by contrasting predation and human pressures." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 134, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 68–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab060.

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Abstract In human-dominated landscapes, human disturbances may contrast (spatially and/or temporally) with risk imposed by non-human predators. However, how prey adjust behaviour to minimize risk from multiple threats remains unclear. In Central-Western France, we investigated patterns of activity, space and habitat use, and causes of variations during the diel cycle of the grey partridge (captive-reared, released), a farmland bird facing multiple risks (nocturnal predation, diurnal hunting pressure). We also investigated influence of individual space use, relative to risk-related features on the fate of birds. Birds adjusted their behaviours in ways consistent with the reduction of risk from nocturnal carnivores at night and hunters during daytime. We recorded bimodal crepuscular activity, likely explained by commuting movements between spatially-separated diurnal and nocturnal sites composed of different habitats: selection of open terrains and avoidance of predator reservoirs at night vs. use of high-vegetation cover during daytime. We observed space use differences between surviving, hunted and predated birds. Predation and hunting activities act as contrasting pressures, selecting birds based on their spatial behaviour, which has likely shaped diel adjustments at the population level. An improved consideration of temporal variation in environmental pressures would help to reliably address factors constraining populations, so increasing wildlife management efficiency.

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Tyne, Julian A., Fredrik Christiansen, Heather L. Heenehan, David W. Johnston, and Lars Bejder. "Chronic exposure of Hawaii Island spinner dolphins ( Stenella longirostris ) to human activities." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 10 (October 2018): 171506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171506.

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Habitat selection is strongly influenced by spatial variations in habitat quality and predation risk. Repeated exposure of wildlife to anthropogenic activities in important habitats may affect habitat selection, leading to negative biological consequences. We quantified the cumulative human exposure of a small, genetically isolated and behaviourally constrained spinner dolphin ( Stenella longirostris ) population, off Hawaii Island, and exposure effects on their daytime cumulative activity budget. Dolphins were exposed to human activities within 100 m for 82.7% of the daytime, with a median duration of 10 min between exposure events. Individual dolphins spent on average 61.7% (s.d. = 6.5) of their daytime resting. Of their total rest time, greater than 90% occurred inside sheltered bays. Despite high levels of human exposure, we did not observe an effect on dolphin resting behaviour. The short intervals between exposure events probably prevent dolphins from returning to a natural resting state before the next event. Consequently, ‘control’ observations may represent a resting behaviour of a more vigilant nature. Chronic levels of exposure to human activities could lead to rest deprivation, displacement from preferred resting habitats and ultimately negative population level effects. These results have implications for new proposed legislation aiming to reduce dolphin exposure to human activities.

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Wiggs, L., and G. Stores. "Severe sleep disturbance and daytime challenging behaviour in children with severe learning disabilities." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 40, no. 6 (December 1996): 518–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.1996.tb00662.x.

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Braam, W., R. Didden, A. P. H. M. Maas, H. Korzilius, M. G. Smits, and L. M. G. Curfs. "Melatonin decreases daytime challenging behaviour in persons with intellectual disability and chronic insomnia." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 54, no. 1 (November 2, 2009): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2009.01223.x.

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Suissa, Jacob S., and Walton A. Green. "CO2 starvation experiments provide support for the carbon-limited hypothesis on the evolution of CAM-like behaviour in Isoëtes." Annals of Botany 127, no. 1 (August 22, 2020): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa153.

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Abstract Background and Aims Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is an adaptation to increase water use efficiency in dry environments. Similar biochemical patterns occur in the aquatic lycophyte genus Isoëtes. It has long been assumed and accepted that CAM-like behaviour in these aquatic plants is an adaptation to low daytime carbon levels in aquatic ecosystems, but this has never been directly tested. Methods To test this hypothesis, populations of Isoëtes engelmannii and I. tuckermanii were grown in climate-controlled chambers and starved of atmospheric CO2 during the day while pH was measured for 24 h. Key Results We demonstrate that terrestrial plants exposed to low atmospheric CO2 display diel acidity cycles similar to those in both xerophytic CAM plants and submerged Isoëtes. Conclusions Daytime CO2 starvation induces CAM-like nocturnal acid accumulation in terrestrial Isoëtes, substantiating the hypothesis that carbon starvation is a selective pressure for this physiological behaviour.

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Nicol, S., and R. K. O'dor. "Predatory behaviour of squid (Illex illecebrosus) feeding on surface swarms of euphausiids." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-003.

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Squid (lllex illecebrosus) were observed and filmed feeding on daytime surface swarms of the euphausiid, Meganyctiphanes norvegien. in the Bay of Fundy. The squid captured euphausiids by tentacular attack, a predatory behaviour described previously for this and other species of squid feeding on mobile prey. This method of prédation is quite different from the only other documented account of squid feeding on euphausiid surface swarms.

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Rohani, Munzilah Md, Rosnawati Buhari, Basil David Daniel, Joewono Prestijo, Kamaruddin Ambak, Norsabahiah Abd Sukor, and Sitti Asmah Hasan. "Car Driving Behaviour on Road Curves: A Study Case in Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (July 2015): 990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.990.

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The World Health Organization (WHO) predicted that in 2020, road accidents will become the third cause of deaths in the world. Several factors contribute to road accidents, among them are human error, speeding, irregularities in road design and period of driving (either nighttime or daytime). In road design, horizontal curves are of particular interest to the designer, given that accidents are very likely to occur at such locations if drivers lose control of their vehicles due to inappropriate speed choices. This study was conducted to investigate the variation of driving behaviour on horizontal curves. The test car was fitted with a Global Positioning System (GPS) device and driven by 30 participants. The research findings show that drivers’ choice of speed varies while approaching horizontal curve, on the curve and just after leaving the curve. Apart from this, although drivers were found to have driven at a slightly higher speed during daytime compare to evening driving, however the difference was not significant. A comparison between genders also revealed that female and male drivers drive at similar speed behaviour

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Bauer, Robert Klaus, Fabien Forget, Jean-Marc Fromentin, and Manuela Capello. "Surfacing and vertical behaviour of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Mediterranean Sea: implications for aerial surveys." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 5 (June 26, 2020): 1979–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa083.

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Abstract Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) (ABFT) frequently engage in surface basking and foraging behaviour that makes them detectable from afar. This behaviour is utilized for the development of fisheries-independent abundance indices based on aerial surveys, although changes in the surface-feeding dynamics of ABFT are not yet accounted for. We investigated the daytime surfacing behaviour of ABFT at different temporal and vertical resolutions based on 24 individuals (117–158 cm fork length), tagged with pop-up archival tags in the Gulf of Lion, NW-Mediterranean Sea between 2015 and 2016. The results suggest that ABFT remain usually <2 min continuously within the visible surface (0–1 m) during daytime. ABFT presence in the 0–1 and 0–20 m layers varied over time and between individuals but showed a seasonal decline towards autumn with the breakdown of thermal stratification. Furthermore, the rate of surfacing events was highly correlated with the time spent in the 0–20 m layer. Geolocation estimates confirm a strong site fidelity of ABFT during the aerial survey period (August–October) in the Gulf of Lion. Our results support the choice of the survey region and period, but related indices should account for the seasonality of ABFT surface behaviour [i.e. the time spent in the 0–20 m layer.

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Kobayashi, Daiki, Hana Hayashi, Hironori Kuga, Nagato Kuriyama, Yoshihiro Terasawa, Yasuhiro Osugi, Osamu Takahashi, Gautam Deshpande, and Ichiro Kawachi. "Alcohol consumption behaviours in the immediate aftermath of earthquakes: time series study." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e026268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026268.

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ObjectivesEarthquakes are a distressing natural phenomenon that can disrupt normal health-related behaviours. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in alcohol consumption behaviours in the immediate aftermath of mild to moderate earthquakes.SettingThis retrospective cohort study was conducted at a large academic hospital in Tokyo, Japan from April 2004 to March 2017.ParticipantsWe included all adult patients presenting with acute alcohol intoxication in the emergency room.Primary and secondary outcome measuresOur outcome was the number of such patients per 24 hours period comparing days with and without earthquake activity. We mainly focused on mild to moderate earthquakes (Shindo scale of less than 3). We conducted a simple generalised autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) analysis, followed by a multivariate GARCH, including year-fixed effects and secular changes in alcohol taxation. Subanalyses were conducted by gender and age group.ResultsDuring the study period, 706 earthquakes were observed with a median Shindo scale of 2 (IQR: 1). During this period, 6395 patients were admitted with acute ethanol intoxication; the mean age was 42.6 (SD: 16.9) years and 4592 (71.8%) patients were male. In univariate analyses, the occurrence of daytime earthquakes was marginally inversely related to the number of acutely intoxicated patients (β coefficient: −0.19, 95% CI −0.40 to 0.01). This finding remained similar in multivariate analyses after adjustment for covariates. In analyses stratified by gender, the inverse association between daytime earthquakes and alcohol intoxication was only observed among men (p<0.03 for males and p=0.99 for females). In subanalyses by age, older people were less likely to be admitted to the hospital due to acute alcohol intoxication on days with daytime earthquakes (p=0.11), but this was not the case for younger people (p=0.36).ConclusionOn days when a mild to moderate daytime earthquake occurred, the number of patients with acute alcohol intoxication was lower compared with days without earthquakes. Even milder forms of potentially catastrophic events appear to influence social behaviour; mild to moderate earthquake activity is associated with the avoidance of excessive alcohol consumption.

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Tucker, G., A. Melzer, and W. Ellis. "The development of habitat selection by subadult koalas." Australian Journal of Zoology 55, no. 5 (2007): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo07035.

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Dispersal by subadults is the principal source of gene flow between groups of koalas in Queensland, so understanding the behaviour of these immature animals is a priority for understanding the ecology of the species. Recent reports postulate that dispersing young koalas may inherit maternal tree selection, but avoid competing with adults. We compared the tree use and diet of adult female koalas with that of their offspring on St Bees Island, Queensland, using radio-tracking and faecal cuticle analysis, to examine this prediction. Koalas at St Bees Island used both fodder and non-fodder species during daytime, moving into fodder species at night. Koala diets were dominated by Eucalyptus tereticornis with E. platyphylla and Corymbia intermedia also represented. Utilisation of daytime tree species was diverse, but at night koalas were found almost exclusively in those species present in their diet. Use of trees during daytime by natal young and young adult koalas were similar to that of maternal adults, but tree use by intermediate stages (independent and dispersing young) during daytime varied from that of the mothers. This resource separation indicates that if tree utilisation for resting is learned from the mother, young animals are excluded from preferred trees while dispersing.

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Kelmanson, Igor A. "Snoring, noisy breathing in sleep and daytime behaviour in 2–4-month-old infants." European Journal of Pediatrics 159, no. 10 (September 9, 2000): 734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00008337.

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Su, Y. Z., G. J. Bailey, and K. I. Oyama. "Annual and seasonal variations in the low-latitude topside ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 8 (August 31, 1998): 974–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0974-0.

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Abstract. Annual and seasonal variations in the low-latitude topside ionosphere are investigated using observations made by the Hinotori satellite and the Sheffield University Plasmasphere Ionosphere Model (SUPIM). The observed electron densities at 600 km altitude show a strong annual anomaly at all longitudes. The average electron densities of conjugate latitudes within the latitude range ±25° are higher at the December solstice than at the June solstice by about 100 during daytime and 30 during night-time. Model calculations show that the annual variations in the neutral gas densities play important roles. The model values obtained from calculations with inputs for the neutral densities obtained from MSIS86 reproduce the general behaviour of the observed annual anomaly. However, the differences in the modelled electron densities at the two solstices are only about 30 of that seen in the observed values. The model calculations suggest that while the differences between the solstice values of neutral wind, resulting from the coupling of the neutral gas and plasma, may also make a significant contribution to the daytime annual anomaly, the E×B drift velocity may slightly weaken the annual anomaly during daytime and strengthen the anomaly during the post-sunset period. It is suggested that energy sources, other than those arising from the 6 difference in the solar EUV fluxes at the two solstices due to the change in the Sun-Earth distance, may contribute to the annual anomaly. Observations show strong seasonal variations at the solstices, with the electron density at 600 km altitude being higher in the summer hemisphere than in the winter hemisphere, contrary to the behaviour in NmF2. Model calculations confirm that the seasonal behaviour results from effects caused by transequatorial component of the neutral wind in the direction summer hemisphere to winter hemisphere.

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Hampton, Stephanie E., and Ian C. Duggan. "Diel habitat shifts of macrofauna in a fishless pond." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 7 (2003): 797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02165.

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Most studies of pond animals are undertaken during the daytime, despite evidence that many pond organisms demonstrate marked nocturnal changes in behaviour. Nocturnal studies of animals in fishless ponds are particularly rare, probably because diel changes in aquatic animal behaviour are often found to be a response to visual predation by fish. We used non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) to detect patterns of similarity in the community composition of macroinvertebrates and amphibians in samples taken from vegetated and unvegetated areas during the day and night in a fishless Vermont pond. We tested the hypotheses that (i) macrofaunal activity increased at night near the pond surface, and (ii) horizontal movement of the pond community was occurring on a diel cycle. At night, many taxa were more abundant in the surface waters and the community showed a general habitat expansion or shift from the littoral zone towards the edge and central waters. Our results challenge the assumptions that one would make about pond animal habitat use and interactions based solely on daytime studies. Even in fishless systems, where diel changes are unexpected, habitat use and behaviour might change at night and affect the strength and variety of species interactions.

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Puorger, Arno, Christian Rossi, Rudolf M. Haller, and Pia Anderwald. "Plastic adaptations of foraging strategies to variation in forage quality in Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 3 (March 2018): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0073.

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Foraging efficiency strongly affects individual fitness and is influenced by diverse factors such as food quality and quantity, as well as intra- and inter-specific interactions. We investigated whether Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus, 1758)) in a protected area in the Swiss Alps adapted their foraging behaviour to forage availability and quality by modeling the bite and step rates of individuals on vegetation nitrogen content, relative plant cover, sex, daytime, air temperature, and slope. Vegetation characteristics were derived using remote sensing data from airborne imaging spectroscopy data sets and feeding locations determined using a theodolite. Chamois increased their bite rates with decreasing forage nitrogen content, decreasing slope, and increasing temperature. Step rates were higher at high temperatures and decreased with increasing relative plant cover. Males showed higher bite rates and lower step rates than females. Daytime had no influence on either bite or step rates. An increase in bite rate may represent a plastic adaptation of foraging behaviour to compensate for lower nutritional quality of the available vegetation. Our results show variability in foraging behaviour according to both vegetation characteristics and physical environment and emphasize the use of remote sensing data to investigate relationships between habitat and subtle behavioural adaptations in ungulates.

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Binder, Thomas R., and D. Gordon McDonald. "Is there a role for vision in the behaviour of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) during their upstream spawning migration?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-102.

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This study found no evidence to support a role for vision in the behaviour of sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) during their spawning migration. Blindness had no affect on the migratory propensity of lampreys, and control and blinded animals moved upstream at the same rate. The diel activity pattern of control and blinded lampreys was identical in both the laboratory and field. Activity was mostly nocturnal, but lampreys in the field did show some daytime activity. Diel activity broke down when lampreys were unable to locate suitable daytime refuge, but blindness did not affect the willingness or ability of lampreys to do so in either the laboratory or field. Laboratory studies indicate that light avoidance is mediated by dermal photoreceptors located in the tail, but the data suggests that refuge sites are sought out before sunrise using tactile and possibly hydraulic cues. Thus, light-induced searching only occurs when the sites chosen at night do not provide adequate concealment after sunrise.

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Berger, Anne, Briseida Lozano, Leon M. F. Barthel, and Nadine Schubert. "Moving in the Dark—Evidence for an Influence of Artificial Light at Night on the Movement Behaviour of European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus)." Animals 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081306.

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With urban areas growing worldwide comes an increase in artificial light at night (ALAN), causing a significant impact on wildlife behaviour and its ecological relationships. The effects of ALAN on nocturnal and protected European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are unknown but their identification is important for sustainable species conservation and management. In a pilot study, we investigated the influence of ALAN on the natural movement behaviour of 22 hedgehogs (nine females, 13 males) in urban environments. Over the course of four years, we equipped hedgehogs at three different study locations in Berlin with biologgers to record their behaviour for several weeks. We used Global Positioning System (GPS) tags to monitor their spatial behaviour, very high-frequency (VHF) loggers to locate their nests during daytime, and accelerometers to distinguish between active and passive behaviours. We compared the mean light intensity of the locations recorded when the hedgehogs were active with the mean light intensity of simulated locations randomly distributed in the individual’s home range. We were able to show that the ALAN intensity of the hedgehogs’ habitations was significantly lower compared to the simulated values, regardless of the animal’s sex. This ALAN-related avoidance in the movement behaviour can be used for applied hedgehog conservation.

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Stores, Rebecca. "A preliminary study of sleep disorders and daytime behaviour problems in children with Down syndrome." Down Syndrome Research and Practice 1, no. 1 (1993): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3104/reports.8.

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Nilsson, Lovisa, Malin Aronsson, Jens Persson, and Johan Månsson. "Drifting space use of common cranes—Is there a mismatch between daytime behaviour and management?" Ecological Indicators 85 (February 2018): 556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.11.007.

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Bruck, Dorothy, and Roger Broughton. "Achieving Control over Sleepiness in Narcolepsy." Australian Journal of Primary Health 7, no. 1 (2001): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py01003.

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Using unstructured interviews, and informed by a grounded theory approach, this qualitative study sought to conceptualise adaptive processes that people with narcolepsy use in coping with their daytime sleepiness. From the interview data of 20 informants, two conceptual frameworks were developed. The core category that emerged was control. One conceptual framework considered factors that affect success in controlling sleep-wake behaviour in narcolepsy, while another focused on behavioural strategies. A descriptive narrative illustrated these frameworks and included quotes indicative of features relevant to coping with sleepiness. This article provides a more positive, person-orientated dimension than may be found in quantitative studies of the implications of this disorder. The findings are potentially an important resource from which professionals can draw in providing therapy to people with a disorder of daytime sleepiness.

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Zwolinski, Juan, Alexandre Morais, Vitor Marques, Yorgos Stratoudakis, and Paul G. Fernandes. "Diel variation in the vertical distribution and schooling behaviour of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) off Portugal." ICES Journal of Marine Science 64, no. 5 (June 11, 2007): 963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm075.

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Abstract Zwolinski, J., Morais, A., Marques, V., Stratoudakis, Y., and Fernandes, P. G. 2007. Diel variation in the vertical distribution and schooling behaviour of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) off Portugal. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 963–972. Diel patterns in the schooling behaviour and vertical distribution of pelagic fish schools were studied by examining their echotraces from repeated acoustic survey transects at three inshore sites off the Portuguese coast. At two sites, sardine was the dominant pelagic species, and echotrace characteristics of fish schools were similar to those reported in the literature. At the third site, where there was a multispecies pelagic assemblage that included sardine, there was more variability in several of the school descriptors. At all sites, fish schools expanded after sunset, enlarging their cross-sectional area along the horizontal plane and reducing their mean internal acoustic density, while maintaining their overall mean abundance. Downward migration was rapid (within 1 h) after sunset and simultaneous with school expansion. School-like aggregations with total backscattering similar to daytime schools were present throughout the night, although the proportion of small schools and scattered fish appeared to increase at that time. At dawn, sardine rose back up the water column and rapidly reformed into the typical daytime schools. This pattern of diel vertical migration is opposite to that described for most clupeoids worldwide. The implications of this behaviour on abundance estimation by acoustic monitoring surveys for small pelagic fish are discussed.

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Fujioka, Haruna, Yasukazu Okada, and Masato S. Abe. "Bipartite network analysis of ant-task associations reveals task groups and absence of colonial daily activity." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 201637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201637.

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Social insects are one of the best examples of complex self-organized systems exhibiting task allocation. How task allocation is achieved is the most fascinating question in behavioural ecology and complex systems science. However, it is difficult to comprehensively characterize task allocation patterns due to behavioural complexity, such as the individual variation, context dependency and chronological variation. Thus, it is imperative to quantify individual behaviours and integrate them into colony levels. Here, we applied bipartite network analyses to characterize individual-behaviour relationships. We recorded the behaviours of all individuals with verified age in ant colonies and analysed the individual-behaviour relationship at the individual, module and network levels. Bipartite network analysis successfully detected the module structures, illustrating that certain individuals performed a subset of behaviours (i.e. task groups). We confirmed age polyethism by comparing age between modules. Additionally, to test the daily rhythm of the executed tasks, the data were partitioned between daytime and nighttime, and a bipartite network was re-constructed. This analysis supported that there was no daily rhythm in the tasks performed. These findings suggested that bipartite network analyses could untangle complex task allocation patterns and provide insights into understanding the division of labour.

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Ramos, Diogo Nunes da Silva, Gilberto Fisch, and Julio Pablo Reyes Fernandez. "Perfil do vento e estabilidade atmosférica próxima da superfície no Centro de Lançamento de Alcântara." Ciência e Natura 40 (March 22, 2018): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x30451.

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Wind and atmospheric stability are fundamental for aerospace research and development activities at the Alcântara Launch Center, situated in the Maranhão Brazilian state. The physical processes related to these meteorological parameters during the dry season are well known. However, there is still gap concerning the rainy season. The data obtained in the anemometric tower are here studied considering vertical profiles of wind and temperature, and the Richardson bulk number. The mechanical characteristics showed weaker vertical gradient during the daytime-nighttime transition. A primary reason of that behaviour is the sea breeze from 60 m height of the tower. Those near-surface winds are more intense at night in the rainy season. As expected, the surface layer tends to be statically neutral throughout the daytime cycle in the dry season. Meanwhile, this stability classification was seen more frequently at the nighttime in the rainy season. Rainfall events along wet months were typically nocturnal. The deeper convective cells and its derived downdrafts help to understand this behavior. Due to -40% precipitation anomaly reported in this rainy season, these results may have been a direct response to this condition. In future studies, turbulent measurements are required to investigate how the thermodynamic and mechanical pertubations interacts with the rainfall stability patterns during the wet season.

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Cooper, JJ, J. Campbell, and P. Harris. "Observations on the 24 hour activity patterns of stabled horses." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2007 (April 2007): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200019372.

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Activity patterns of domesticated animals have largely focussed on hours of daylight and relatively few studies include detailed observations of night time activity. This has the potential to overlook behaviours of significance to the assessment of welfare. For example, stereotypic activities in laboratory mice are largely confined to dark periods, and consequently are not commonly reported by daytime laboratory workers. Use of low light video cameras coupled with infra-red or low intensity lighting now makes observation over entire light-dark cycle practical, whilst minimising disturbance to the sampled population. This paper describes the activity patterns of stabled horses over 24 hour periods. These observations can then be used as baseline for investigating the effects of changes to the stable environment on horses’ behaviour and welfare.

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Patti, B., A. Bonanno, M. D'Elia, E. Quinci, G. Giacalone, I. Fontana, S. Aronica, G. Basilone, and S. Mazzola. "Daytime pelagic schooling behaviour and relationships with plankton patch distribution in the Sicily Strait (Mediterranean Sea)." Advances in Oceanography and Limnology 2, no. 1 (June 17, 2011): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiol.2011.5318.

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In this study, hydroacoustic data collected with a scientific echosounder working at two frequencies (38 and 120 kHz) over the continental shelf off the southern Sicilian coast were used in order to investigate the relationship between fish schools and plankton patches. Specifically, image analysis algorithms were applied to raw echograms in order to detect and characterise pelagic fish schools and plankton aggregations, considered as a proxy of food availability. The relationship was first investigated using estimated total plankton biomass over the whole water column and, second, by dividing the study area into three sub-regions and further distinguishing plankton patches between the surface and the bottom. In the relatively lower plankton abundance areas of Zone 1 (northern sector of the study area), results showed an inverse relationship between the biomass (and density) of fish schools and the biomass of co-occurring plankton patches located close to the bottom. Instead, over the Sicilian-Maltese shelf (Zone 3), characterised by higher plankton abundances, a direct relationship was found when using plankton data from the whole water column. The observed difference between Zones 1 and 3 is probably due to diverse dominant fish species in the two sub-regions.

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Patti, B., A. Bonanno, M. D’Elia, E. Quinci, G. Giacalone, I. Fontana, S. Aronica, G. Basilone, and S. Mazzola. "Daytime pelagic schooling behaviour and relationships with plankton patch distribution in the Sicily Strait (Mediterranean Sea)." Advances in Oceanography and Limnology 2, no. 1 (June 2011): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475721.2011.571288.

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Brylewski, Jane, and Luci Wiggs. "Sleep problems and daytime challenging behaviour in a community-based sample of adults with intellectual disability." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 43, no. 6 (December 1999): 504–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.1999.00234.x.

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Oliveira, Caroline Carvalho de, Roberto Giolo de Almeida, Nivaldo Karvatte Junior, Severino Delmar Junqueira Villela, Davi José Bungenstab, and Fabiana Villa Alves. "Daytime ingestive behaviour of grazing heifers under tropical silvopastoral systems: Responses to shade and grazing management." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 240 (July 2021): 105360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105360.

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Vosylis, Rimantas, Aidas Perminas, and Rita Žukauskienė. "VYRESNIŲJŲ KLASIŲ MOKSLEIVIŲ MIEGO KOKYBĖS, SU JA SUSIJUSIO ELGESIO IR ASMENYBĖS BRUOŽŲ SĄSAJOS." Psichologija 40 (January 1, 2009): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.2009.0.2583.

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Užsienyje yra atlikta nemažai tyrimų, rodančių, kad dėl didėjančių reikalavimų mokykloje ir naujai atsiradusių socialinių interesų, taip pat biologinių pokyčių paaugliai miega nepakankamai ilgai ir kokybiškai. Dėl to nukenčia jų pažangumas mokykloje, didėja psichoaktyvių medžiagų naudojimo rizika ir kita. Užsienyje šia kryptimi atlikta nemažai tyrimų, vis dėlto nedaug yra tyrinėtas miego kokybės ryšys su tyrimų, vertinančių, kaip asmenybės bruožai gali būti susiję su miego kokybe, per miegui nepalankų elgesį, rasti pavyko nedaug, o paauglių tokių tyrimų neradome. Taigi, siekdami įvertinti Lietuvos paauglių miego kokybės rodiklius, asmenybės bruožų ir miego kokybės sąsajas bei kaip asmenybės bruožai yra susiję su įvairia sveikatai nepalankia elgsena, kuri savo ruožtu gali turėti didelę įtaką ir miego kokybei, apklausėme 88 vaikinus ir 124 merginas (amžiaus vidurkis 17,7 metų) iš dviejų Kauno mokyklų. Tyrimui buvo sudarytas klausimynas, skirtas įvertinti įvairius miego kokybės aspektus ir miegui nepalankų elgesį. Asmenybės bruožams tirti buvo naudotas NEO PI-R klausimynas. Rezultatai parodė, kad vaikinų ir merginų neurotizmo bruožas yra susijęs su didesniais sunkumais užmigti ir mažesniu pasitenkinimu nakties poilsiu, kad ir koks būtų elgesys, susijęs su miego kokybe. Merginų grupėje atvirumo patyrimui bruožas yra susijęs su mieguistumu dieną, o ekstraversija ir mažesnis sutariamumas yra susiję su sunkumais užmigti. Ši sąsaja yra veikiama dažnesnio psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimo. Vaikinų sąmoningumo bruožas yra susijęs su dažnesniu miegojimu dieną. Ši sąsaja yra veikiama dažnesnio sportavimo. Užsiėmimas atpalaiduojančia veikla prieš miegą merginų grupėje yra susijęs su atvirumo patyrimui ir sąmoningumo bruožais bei su didesniais sunkumais užmigti ir miegojimu dieną. Vaikinų ekstravesija, atvirumas patyrimui ir sutariamumas su miego kokybe bei su miego kokybe susijusiu elgesiu nėra susiję.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: miego kokybė, su miego kokybe susijęs elgesys, paaugliai, asmenybės bruožai, penkių faktorių modelis.The Relationship among Sleep Quality, Sleep-related Behaviour and Personality Traits in Older SchoolchildrenRimantas Vosylis, Aidas Perminas, Rita Žukauskienė SummaryObjectives. Adolescence is a period of various physical, cognitive activities, emotional and social alterations, which need additional bodily resources and naturally good and sufficient sleep for renewing these resources. However, increased requirements in school, new social interests, biological alterations make adolescents’ sleep not sufficiently long and qualitative enough, so achievements at school and the quality of life generally suffer. There are a lot of researches on this topic in foreign countries, but we couldn’t find any in Lithuania. Little research, both in Lithuania and abroad, has been done on personality and sleep quality relations in adolescence and on how personality traits can be related to sleep quality, how this relation can be affected by sleep-related behaviour.Purpose. To evaluate the relationship of personality features to sleep quality and sleep-related behaviour in older schoolchildren. The research involved 88 boys and 124 girls from two Kaunas schools. Methods. A questionnaire was prepared to evaluatesleep quality. It contained 31 questions concerning various sleep quality aspects. Four indices (troubles in falling asleep, night rest satisfaction, daytime fatigue, habit to sleep in the daytime) were selected after a factor analysis. Additionally, 12 questions concerning sleep-related behaviour were asked, from which four indices (use of psychoactive substances, sport, PC games and watching TV, relaxation activity before sleep) were constructed after factor analysis and used in this study. The NEO PI-R questionnaire was used to measure personality traits.Results. In boys and girls, neuroticism is related with the difficulties of falling asleep and less satisfaction with night’s rest independently of sleep-related behaviour. Girls’ openness to experience is related to daytime fatigue, and their extraversion andsmaller agreeableness are related with difficulties of falling asleep, but this association is affected by the use of psychoactive substances. Boys’ conscientiousness is related to daytime sleeping, but this relation is affected by engaging in sport activities. Girls’ engagement in the activities that help relax before sleep is related to their higher conscientiousness, higher agreeableness, more frequent difficulties with falling asleep and daytime sleeping. Boys’ extraversion, openness, agreeableness and sleep quality are not related to each other.Keywords: sleep quality, sleep quality-related behaviour, adolescents, personality traits, five-factor model.

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Green, Andy J., and Mustapha El Hamzaoui. "Diurnal behaviour and habitat use of nonbreeding Marbled Teal, Marmaronetta angustirostris." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 2112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-152.

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The diurnal behaviour and habitat use of the globally threatened Marbled Teal, Marmaronetta angustirostris, were studied in Morocco and Spain from October to March. This is the first study of nonbreeding Marbled Teal, the most primitive member of the pochards (tribe Aythyini). Like other Aythyini, Marbled Teal pair relatively late: only 35% of individuals were paired by mid-March. Feeding was mainly nocturnal, and less than 2% of daytime was spent feeding from November to March. Feeding behaviour was similar to that of dabbling ducks (tribe Anatini). A steady increase in swimming activity from October to March was related to increased courtship activity and raptor-avoidance behaviour. Teal selected areas close to the shoreline and avoided open water. Selection of shoreline habitats and distance to shoreline covaried with month and behaviour type. The Marbled Teal is an aberrant pochard with a stronger ecological affinity with the Anatini.

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Davenport, John. "Observations on the behaviour, salinity relations and colour change of Ligia italica from madeira." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74, no. 4 (November 1994): 959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400090184.

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Ligia italica Fabricius is a day-active isopod on the shores of Madeira. The population migrates up and down the shore with the tide, browsing on lichens and macroalgae. Shore bird predation is negligible; foraging wall lizards are the only daytime predators. Ligia italica retreats into crevices at night. It exploits plant material within supralittoral and intertidal pools and enters pools with salinities as high as 74‰. Ligia italica emerges from pools at intervals to breathe in air; such emersion lasts no more than two minutes. Ligia italica on Madeira has no colour change ability, the isopods remaining dark grey/black whatever the background.

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Simpson, Stephen D., Philip L. Munday, Matthew L. Wittenrich, Rachel Manassa, Danielle L. Dixson, Monica Gagliano, and Hong Y. Yan. "Ocean acidification erodes crucial auditory behaviour in a marine fish." Biology Letters 7, no. 6 (June 2011): 917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0293.

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Ocean acidification is predicted to affect marine ecosystems in many ways, including modification of fish behaviour. Previous studies have identified effects of CO 2 -enriched conditions on the sensory behaviour of fishes, including the loss of natural responses to odours resulting in ecologically deleterious decisions. Many fishes also rely on hearing for orientation, habitat selection, predator avoidance and communication. We used an auditory choice chamber to study the influence of CO 2 -enriched conditions on directional responses of juvenile clownfish ( Amphiprion percula ) to daytime reef noise. Rearing and test conditions were based on Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predictions for the twenty-first century: current-day ambient, 600, 700 and 900 µatm p CO 2 . Juveniles from ambient CO 2 -conditions significantly avoided the reef noise, as expected, but this behaviour was absent in juveniles from CO 2 -enriched conditions. This study provides, to our knowledge, the first evidence that ocean acidification affects the auditory response of fishes, with potentially detrimental impacts on early survival.

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Di Rocco, Richard T., Cowan F. Belanger, István Imre, Grant E. Brown, and Nicholas S. Johnson. "Daytime avoidance of chemosensory alarm cues by adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 6 (June 2014): 824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0381.

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Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) avoid damage-released and predator chemosensory cues at night, but their response to these cues during the day is unknown. Here, we explored (i) whether sea lamprey avoid these cues during the day and (ii) the effect of water temperature on the avoidance of chemosensory alarm cues in two diurnal laboratory experiments. We hypothesized that daytime activity would be temperature-dependent and that only sea lamprey vulnerable to predation (i.e., not hiding) would behaviourally respond to chemosensory alarm cues. Ten groups of ten sea lamprey were exposed to one of a variety of potential chemosensory cues. The experiments were conducted over a range of temperatures to quantify the effect of temperature on avoidance behaviour. Consistent with our hypothesis, a higher proportion of animals were active during daytime as water temperature increased. Moving sea lamprey showed an avoidance response to 2-phenylethylamine (a compound found in mammalian urine) and human saliva once water temperatures had risen to mean (±SD) = 13.7 (±1.4) °C. Resting and hiding sea lamprey did not show an avoidance response to any of the experimental stimuli.

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Ree, Melissa J., and Allison G. Harvey. "Investigating Safety Behaviours in Insomnia: The Development of the Sleep-related Behaviours Questionnaire (SRBQ)." Behaviour Change 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.21.1.26.35971.

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AbstractA safety behaviour is an overt or covert strategy employed in order to prevent a feared outcome from occurring. These behaviours can, however, prevent the disconfirmation of unhelpful beliefs, and may make the feared outcome more likely to occur (Salkovskis, 1991). The current study extends Harvey's (2002a) investigation of safety behaviours in insomnia by developing a questionnaire measure designed to assess the use of safety behaviours that are employed to promote sleep and cope with tiredness. A development sample of 132 individuals with and without insomnia was employed to develop the 32-item Sleep-Related Behaviours Questionnaire (SRBQ). The SRBQ showed good internal consistency and was able to discriminate normal sleepers from those with insomnia. Interestingly, most safety behaviours were associated with impairment in both sleep and daytime functioning. This highlights that day- and night-time processes may be interlinked in insomnia, and stresses the importance of research and treatment focusing on both the day and night. Future research is needed to further investigate the psychometric properties of the SRBQ, and to explore the relationships between safety behaviours and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep.

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Tsuji, Yamato, Bambang Prayitno, Sarah Nila, Kanthi Arum Widayati, and Bambang Suryobroto. "Diurnal Resting Site Selection and Daytime Feeding Behaviour of Wild Malayan Flying LemurGaleopterus variegatusin Western Java, Indonesia." Mammal Study 40, no. 1 (March 2015): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3106/041.040.0107.

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Fisher, B. E., K. McGuire, and K. Honeyman. "Relationships between nocturnal activity, parental ratings of daytime activity and measues from the Children's Sleep Behaviour Scale." Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 26, no. 4 (1994): 476–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0008-400x.26.4.476.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Daytime behaviour'

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