Journal articles on the topic 'Daylight metric'
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1
Dogan, T., and YC Park. "Testing the residential daylight score: Comparing climate-based daylighting metrics for 2444 individual dwelling units in temperate climates." Lighting Research & Technology 52, no. 8 (June 17, 2020): 991–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153520924838.
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Evaluation metrics using climate-based daylight modelling paradigms have become the de-facto standard in work environments but have only limited applicability in residential architecture. Qualities of daylight cited in the architectural design literature, such as daily and seasonal availability of daylight as well as access to direct sunlight, are simulated in detail but are usually overlooked in the commonly used evaluation metrics. In a recent paper, a new climate-based, annual daylight evaluation framework called the residential daylight score has been proposed for cold and temperate climates. It assesses daylight autonomy and access to direct light in 12 daily and seasonal bins and proposes targets for seasonal and diurnal daylight autonomy and duration of direct sunlight exposure. While the metric aims to capture essential characteristics of residential daylight, only a few reference cases exist in the literature to adequately judge its achievability and applicability. This paper aims to thoroughly test the residential daylight score and provide reference cases for 2444 apartments from a set of 18 multifamily buildings that compare the new metric with currently used climate-based metrics.
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Gábrová, Lenka. "Comparison between Dynamic and Static Metrics for Daylight Evaluation in the Case of Obstructed Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 861 (December 2016): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.477.
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Daylight in buildings can be evaluated using dynamic and static daylight metrics. The daylight factor is a static daylight metric which evaluates daylight conditions under the overcast sky model according to the International Commission on Illumination. However, the dynamic daylight metrics (e.g. daylight autonomy, spatial daylight autonomy, useful daylight illuminance) can be more complex evaluation criteria because they are based on annual daylight illuminance data for a building site. While the daylight factor value depends only on a room geometry, optical properties of surfaces and positioning of daylight obstructions, the dynamic daylight metrics also include an effect of a building location, window orientation or building occupancy pattern. The article deals with a comparison of a daylight evaluation using dynamic and static daylight metrics in the case of buildings whose daylight is obstructed by external barriers.
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Lee, Jaewook, and Mohamed Boubekri. "INTRODUCTION OF NEW DAYLIGHTING METRICS FOR HEALTH, WELLBEING, AND FEASIBILITY: A STUDY OF THE INDOOR BUILDING ENVIRONMENT." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.17.1.105.
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ABSTRACT This study investigates the applicability of a new daylighting metric based on human health, an emerging framework for evaluating the effect of daylight on building occupants. Procedures based on modeling annual daylight availability are used to determine the mapping of daylight distribution on a daily, seasonal, and yearly basis. Literature review and experimental studies were performed to propose the new day-lighting metrics for health and wellbeing. The proposed metrics have two broad criteria, including daylighting level, timing, and duration. The two details are as follows: (1) 400 lux for 5 hours (2K lux·h) in the daytime; and (2) 500 lux for 1 hour (0.5K lux·h) in the early morning, 8AM–9AM. To verify the applicability of the proposed daylighting metrics to current buildings, sample buildings were selected and daily, spatial and seasonal differences were simulated through computer visualization techniques. Moreover, we evaluated the application of the daylighting metric on the building layout and compared the new daylighting metric for health and wellbeing with conventional daylighting metrics.
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Lee, Jaewook, and Mohamed Boubekri. "INTRODUCTION OF NEW DAYLIGHTING METRICS FOR HEALTH, WELLBEING, AND FEASIBILITY: A STUDY OF THE INDOOR BUILDING ENVIRONMENT." Journal of Green Building 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.17.1.105.
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ABSTRACT This study investigates the applicability of a new daylighting metric based on human health, an emerging framework for evaluating the effect of daylight on building occupants. Procedures based on modeling annual daylight availability are used to determine the mapping of daylight distribution on a daily, seasonal, and yearly basis. Literature review and experimental studies were performed to propose the new day-lighting metrics for health and wellbeing. The proposed metrics have two broad criteria, including daylighting level, timing, and duration. The two details are as follows: (1) 400 lux for 5 hours (2K lux·h) in the daytime; and (2) 500 lux for 1 hour (0.5K lux·h) in the early morning, 8AM–9AM. To verify the applicability of the proposed daylighting metrics to current buildings, sample buildings were selected and daily, spatial and seasonal differences were simulated through computer visualization techniques. Moreover, we evaluated the application of the daylighting metric on the building layout and compared the new daylighting metric for health and wellbeing with conventional daylighting metrics.
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Keskin, Zeynep, Yunhao Chen, and Steve Fotios. "Daylight And Seating Preference In Open-Plan Library Spaces." International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 17 (June 2, 2017): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v17i0.12.
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Daylight factor has long been the predominant metric to evaluate daylight performance. Recently, the profession has moved toward annual dynamic daylight metrics such as useful daylight illuminance and daylight autonomy, which are based on absolute values of time varying daylight illuminance for a period of full year. As opposed to static daylight metrics that only concentrate on individual sky conditions, such as the widely used daylight factor, these metrics provide a more comprehensive way to measure illuminance for a wide range of sun positions and sky conditions. Although there is a growing consensus assigning importance to dynamic daylight metrics, there is no common understanding of how to integrate the preference and behaviour of building occupants in assessing the applicability of these metrics. In fact, it is when these occupancy observations and quantitative measurements are taken together that the importance of daylight performance metrics is fully realized. This study seeks to investigate the extent to which the influence of daylight on behaviour can be predicted, and for this the behaviour investigated is seating preferences of occupants in open plan, hot-desking spaces in two university libraries in Sheffield: Western Bank Library and the Information Commons. The results suggest that the association between daylight and seat choice may not be strong, and that any effect is better associated with daylight factor than with useful daylight illuminance or daylight autonomy.
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Boubekri, Mohamed, and Jaewook Lee. "A COMPARISON OF FOUR DAYLIGHTING METRICS IN ASSESSING THE DAYLIGHTING PERFORMANCE OF THREE SHADING SYSTEMS." Journal of Green Building 12, no. 3 (September 2017): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.12.3.39.
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The assessment of the daylighting performance of a design solution is a complex task due to the changing nature of daylight. A few quantitative metrics are available to designers to assess such a performance, among them are the mean hourly illuminance (MHI), the daylight factor (DF), the daylight autonomy (DA) and the useful daylight illuminance (UDI). Each of these metrics has a purpose, a set of criteria and limitations that affect the outcome of the evaluation. When to use one metric instead of another depends largely on the design goals to be achieved. Using Design Iterate Validate Adapt (DIVA) daylighting simulation program, we set out to examine the performance behavior of these four metrics with the changing dimensions of three shading devices: a horizontal overhang, a horizontal louver system, and a vertical fin system, and compare their performance behavior as the orientation changes of the window to which these devices are attached. The context is a typical classroom of a prototypical elementary school. Our results indicate that not all four metrics behave similarly as we vary the size of each shading device and as orientation changes. The lesson learned is that not all daylighting metrics lead to the same conclusions and that it is important to use the metric that corresponds to the specific goals and objectives of the design and of the daylighting solution. The UDI is the metric that leads to outcomes most different than the other three metrics investigated in this paper.
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Ruiz, Alejandro, Miguel Ángel Campano, Ignacio Acosta, and Óscar Luque. "Partial Daylight Autonomy (DAp): A New Lighting Dynamic Metric to Optimize the Design of Windows for Seasonal Use Spaces." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 8228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178228.
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Nowadays, daylight dynamic metrics are the most useful indicators to quantify the use of natural light, with daylight autonomy (DA) being one of the most widespread among all of them. This metric represents the percentage of the occupied time throughout the year in an indoor space when daylight reaches the minimum illuminance level to develop a specific task. Accordingly, the higher the percentage of DA, the shorter the switching on time of electric lighting. However, this metric considers for its calculations all business days of a whole standard year, and is thus not an accurate indicator for seasonal use spaces such as school classrooms. In this context, a variant of this metric is proposed, namely partial daylight autonomy (DAp), which is a non-lineal derivation of DA that considers those seasonal use spaces, helping to define the real percentage of indoor daylight use in order to properly quantify the accurate switching on time of electric lighting and therefore its energy consumption. As deduced from the analysis, the more precise results provided by DAp reach divergences close to 10% in comparison with the original conception of DA. Thus, this metric serves to estimate more accurately the impact on energy consumption if an electric lighting control system is implemented through lux meters. This new proposal has been monitored under real sky conditions in a test cell, providing converging results with those observed in the simulation process.
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Wienold, J., T. Iwata, M. Sarey Khanie, E. Erell, E. Kaftan, RG Rodriguez, JA Yamin Garreton, et al. "Cross-validation and robustness of daylight glare metrics." Lighting Research & Technology 51, no. 7 (March 14, 2019): 983–1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153519826003.
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This study evaluates the performance and robustness of 22 established and newly proposed glare prediction metrics. Experimental datasets of daylight-dominated workplaces in office-like test rooms were collected from studies by seven research groups in six different locations (Argentina, Denmark, Germany, Israel, Japan and the United States). The variability in experimental setups, locations and research teams allowed reliable evaluation of the performance and robustness of glare metrics for daylight-dominated workplaces. Independent statistical methods were applied to individual datasets and also to one combined dataset to evaluate the performance and robustness of the 22 glare metrics. As performance and robustness are not established in literature, we defined performance as: (1) the ability of the metric value to describe the glare scale (evaluated by Spearman rank correlation), and (2) the ability of the metric to distinguish between disturbing and non-disturbing situations (evaluated by diagnostic receiver operating characteristic curve analysis tests). Furthermore, we defined robustness as the ability of a metric to deliver meaningful results when applied to different datasets and to fail as few as possible statistical tests. Average Spearman rank correlation coefficients in the range of 0.55–0.60 as well as average prediction rates to distinguish between disturbing and non-disturbing glare of 70–75% for several of the metrics indicate their reliability. The results also show that metrics considering the saturation effect as a main input in their equation perform better and are more robust in daylight-dominated workplaces than purely contrast-based metrics or purely empirical metrics. In this study, the daylight glare probability (DGP) delivered the highest performance amongst the tested metrics and was also found to be the most robust. Future research should aim to optimise the terms of glare equations which combine contrast and saturation effects, such as DGP, PGSV or UGRexp, to achieve metrics that also perform reliably in dimmer lighting conditions than the ones explored in this study.
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Dogan, T., and YC Park. "A critical review of daylighting metrics for residential architecture and a new metric for cold and temperate climates." Lighting Research & Technology 51, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 206–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153518755561.
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Residential architecture constitutes one of the largest market segments in the construction sector. However, the attention that it is given in the field of daylight performance simulation is surprisingly low. This poses the question of whether existing daylighting metrics are well suited for residential design. Findings from 79 references are summarized, and a critical review of current climate-based daylighting metrics in the context of residential architecture is provided. It is found that existing workflows often overlook relevant aspects of daylight in residential spaces, such as diurnal and seasonal availability of daylight and access to direct sunlight. Hence, a concept for a new climate-based, annual evaluation framework that overcomes these shortcomings, called the residential daylight score, is introduced.
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Hraška, Jozef. "Nonvisual aspects of daylight in the built environment." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1252, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1252/1/012063.
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Abstract This paper investigates melanopic equivalent daylight vertical and horizontal illuminances within an indoor space as a metric for the nonvisual effects of its lighting. The article is based on the findings of photobiological research and the recommendations of several institutions for the threshold values of melanopic illuminance at the eyes of users of indoor spaces, which is sufficient for the proper functioning of the circadian system. This study uses a computer workplace as an environment to investigate experimentally the applicability of melanopic daylight metrics for the practical evaluation of the circadian potential of the indoor daylight environment. The article points out a number of problems associated with the practical evaluation of vertical melanopic daylight illuminance in a specific space. The paper also outlines practical guidelines for designing facades and color treatment of building surfaces in terms of their circadian potential.
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Czachura, Agnieszka, Niko Gentile, Jouri Kanters, and Maria Wall. "Identifying Potential Indicators of Neighbourhood Solar Access in Urban Planning." Buildings 12, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101575.
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Solar access describes the capacity of urban spaces to receive sunlight and daylight. Rapid urbanization and unbridled densification pose a threat to sustainable solar access, reducing the penetration of sunlight and daylight into cities. To effectively assess solar access at such an early design stage, at the urban planning level, it is critical that evaluation metrics are simple and reliable. This paper examines a cross section of solar metrics, from simple to more complex ones, to find potential solar performance indicators for urban planning evaluations. The metric datasets were created based on iterations of homogeneous neighbourhood designs, based on the three commonest typologies in the Swedish context: courtyard, slab, and tower. The results were validated using case studies sampled from districts of Malmö. The findings indicate that simple geometrical and latitudinal metrics may be suitable for assessing the solar access of urban designs due to high correlation with built density. Potential performance indicators aimed at indoor and outdoor evaluation of daylighting (VSC, SVF) and sunlighting (ASH_F, RD_G) in urban planning stages were suggested. Possible methods of applying the provided metric database into assessments were proposed. Future work should find evidence-based thresholds for the metric values to establish performance benchmarks.
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Ershov, Sergey, Vadim Sokolov, Vladimir Galaktionov, and Alexey Voloboy. "Virtual Light Sensing Technology for Fast Calculation of Daylight Autonomy Metrics." Sensors 23, no. 4 (February 17, 2023): 2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042255.
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Virtual sensing technology uses mathematical calculations instead of natural measurements when the latter are too difficult or expensive. Nowadays, application of virtual light sensing technology becomes almost mandatory for daylight analysis at the stage of architectural project development. Daylight Autonomy metrics should be calculated multiple times during the project. A properly designed building can reduce the necessity of artificial lighting, thus saving energy. There are two main daylight performance metrics: Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE). To obtain their values, we have to simulate global illumination for every hour of the year. A light simulation method should therefore be as efficient as possible for processing complex building models. In this paper we present a method for fast calculation of Daylight Autonomy metrics, allowing them to be calculated within a reasonable timescale. We compared our method with straightforward calculations and other existing solutions. This comparison demonstrates good agreement; this proves sufficient accuracy and higher efficiency of the method. Our method also contains an original algorithm for the automatic setting of the sensing area. The sDA metric is calculated considering blinds control, which should open or close them depending on overexposure to direct sunlight. Thus, we developed an optimization procedure to determine the blinds configuration at any time.
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Atthaillah, Atthaillah, and Andik Bintoro. "USEFUL DAYLIGHT ILLUMINANCE (UDI) PADA RUANG BELAJAR SEKOLAH DASAR DI KAWASAN URBAN PADAT TROPIS (STUDI KASUS: SD NEGERI 2 DAN 6 BANDA SAKTI, LHOKSEUMAWE, ACEH, INDONESIA)." LANGKAU BETANG: JURNAL ARSITEKTUR 6, no. 2 (December 13, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/lantang.v6i2.33940.
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Studi ini melakukan evaluasi pencahayaan alami pada ruang belajar Sekolah Dasar Negeri 2 dan 6 Banda Sakti, Lhokseumawe. Sekolah tersebut berada pada lokasi urban padat dan merupakan sekolah dengan bangunan terluas di kecamatan Banda Sakti. Ada 36 (tiga puluh enam) ruang kelas yang dilakukan simulasi pencahayaan alami pada objek studi ini. Simulasi pencahayaan alami dilakukan dengan metrik useful daylight illuminance (UDI). Metrik ini menggunakan data cuaca lokasi objek penelitian dalam hal ini data cuaca Kota Lhokseumawe dalam format energyplus weather (EPW) file. Pemodelan untuk simulasi dilakukan dengan piranti Rhinoceros, sementara algoritma simulasi dibuat menggunakan Grasshopper dengan tambahan plugin Ladybug Tools. Ladybug Tools memberikan akses ke engine simulasi Daysim yang merupakan perangkat simulasi pencahayaan alami yang tervalidasi. Pada penelitian ini ketegori UDI terpenuhi dialterasi sesuai dengan standar pencahayaan alami disarankan dalam SNI 03-6197 yaitu 250-750 Lux untuk ruangan yang digunakan pada bangunan pendidikan dalam hal ini sekolah dasar. Hasil menunjukkan tidak ada ruang kelas yang dikategorikan baik pada SDN 2 dan 6 Banda Sakti. Hanya terdapat 29 (dua puluh sembilan) kelas dengan kategori cukup dan 7 (tujuh) ruang dengan kategori kurangUSEFUL DAYLIGHT ILLUMINANCE (UDI) IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CLASSROOMS IN TROPICAL HIGH DENSITY URBAN AREA (CASE STUDY: SD NEGERI 2 AND 6 BANDA SAKTI, LHOKSEUMAWE, ACEH, INDONESIA) This study evaluated the daylight distribution within classrooms at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 2 and 6 Banda Sakti, Lhokseumawe. The school is located in high-density urban area, and it was the largest state elementary school building in Banda Sakti. 36 (thirty-six) classrooms were simulated for its daylight performance. The simulation utilized useful daylight illuminance (UDI) metric. The metric used the local weather file for Lhokseumawe in energyplus weather (EPW) format. Modeling for simulation utilized Rhinoceros; further, the simulation algorithm was created using Grasshopper with the extension of Ladybug Tools. Ladybug Tools opened access to a Daysim, a validated daylight simulation engine. In this study, the useful daylight was referenced to SNI 03-6197, which was 250-750 Lux for educational spaces at this study classrooms for the elementary school. The result showed there was none of the classroom fallen under a good category. 29 (twenty-nine) classrooms was under insufficient category and 7 (seven) classrooms under a bad category
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Nourkojouri, Hanieh, Nastaran Seyed Shafavi, Mohammad Tahsildoost, and Zahra Sadat Zomorodian. "Development of a Machine-Learning Framework for Overall Daylight and Visual Comfort Assessment in Early Design Stages." Journal of Daylighting 8, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2021.21.
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Application of machine learning methods as an alternative for building simulation software has been progressive in recent years. This research is mainly focused on the assessment of machine learning algorithms in prediction of daylight and visual comfort metrics in the early design stages and providing a framework for the required analyses. A dataset was primarily derived from 2880 simulations developed from Honeybee for Grasshopper. The simulations were conducted for a side-lit shoebox model. The alternatives emerged from different physical features, including room dimensions, interior surfaces’ reflectance factor, window dimensions, room orientations, number of windows, and shading states. Five metrics were applied for daylight evaluations, including useful daylight illuminance, spatial daylight autonomy, mean daylight autonomy, annual sunlit exposure, and spatial visual discomfort. Moreover, view quality was analyzed via a grasshopper-based algorithm, developed from the LEED v4 evaluation framework. The dataset was further analyzed with an artificial neural network algorithm. The proposed predictive model had an architecture with a single hidden layer consisting of 40 neurons. The predictive model learns through a trial and error method with the aid of loss functions of mean absolute error and mean square error. The model was further analyzed with a new set of data for the validation process. The accuracy of the predictions was estimated at 97% on average. The View range metric in the quality view assessment, mean daylight autonomy and useful daylight illuminance had the best prediction accuracy among others respectively. The developed model which is presented as a framework could be used in early design stage analyses without the requirement of time-consuming simulations.
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Arango-Díaz, Lucas, Maria Alejandra Garavito-Posada, Juan Sebastian Calle-Medina, Adriana Marcela Murcia-Cardona, Olga Lucia Montoya-Flórez, and Sebastián Pinto-Quintero. "Suficiencia lumínica de ambientes interiores en escenarios de cambio climático." Revista Hábitat Sustentable 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07190700.2022.12.02.03.
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The bioclimatic performance of buildings under climate change scenarios has been extensively studied from a thermo-energy perspective but hardly studied at all from the perspective of indoor daylight sufficiency. This shortcoming is related to the invariability of radiation data in the available weather files of future scenarios. This research proposes identifying the impacts that the variability of radiation data in weather files of future scenarios would have on daylight sufficiency in indoor spaces. The methodology includes the adaptation of available weather files and the running of daylight simulations for hypothetical workspaces located in Medellín, Colombia. The results show differences in the Spatial Daylight Autonomy – SDA metric of up to 18% in different future scenarios. In conclusion, the need is outlined to refine predictions of outdoor daylight availability that allow improving daylight performance evaluations under climate change scenarios.
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Pinem, Leo Sani Muslim, Atthaillah Atthaillah, Effan Fahrizal, Eri Saputra, and Badriana Badriana. "SIMULASI PENCAHAYAAN ALAMI SIANG HARI TERHADAP DESAIN FASAD (STUDI KASUS: GEDUNG LABORATORIUM TEKNIK ELEKTRO UNIVERSITAS MALIKUSSALEH)." Nature: National Academic Journal of Architecture 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/nature.v9i1a6.
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Abstrak_ Pencahayaan Alami Siang Hari (PASH) perlu diterapkan pada bangunan sebagai langkah awal penghematan energi pada bangunan dan peningkatan kinerja pengguna. Untuk mencapai PASH yang baik perlu dihadirkan desain fasad yang dapat mengoptimasi PASH. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Gedung Laboratorium Fakultas Teknik Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe, Indonesia. . Selanjutnya, studi ini mengadopsi Climate Based Daylight Modeling (CBDM) dengan metrik Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) sebagai kriteria PASH. Metrik PASH tersebut hanya efisien dan akurat dilakukan dengan metode simulasi komputasional. Studi ini menggunakan Daysim yang merupakan mesin simulasi PASH tahunan yang dikembangkan dari mesin simulasi Radiance. Mesin simulasi tersebut diakses melalui piranti Grasshopper dan Ladybug Tools. Hasil simulasi pada lantai 1 didapat nilai rata-rata UDI <100 Lux = 27,55%, UDI 100-2000 Lux = 62,89% dan terakhir UDI >2000 = 9,51%. Sedangkan Hasil simulasi pada lantai 2 didapat nilai rata-rata UDI <100 Lux = 26,01%, UDI 100-2000 Lux = 65,56% dan terakhir UDI >2000 = 8,38%. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa ruangan yang sama tidak mendapatkan PASH yaitu ruangan yang terletak di bagian dalam dan terhalangi oleh ruangan terluar. Sehingga hal ini perlu dilakukan optimasi kondisi PASH dengan cara memodifikasi desain fasad pada gedung laboratorium tersebut dengan tujuan kinerja PASH pada gedung menjadi lebih baik. Kesimpulan kategori yang didapat untuk PASH dari Gedung Laboratorium Teknik Elektro adalah 64,23% dan termasuk dalam Kategori Baik
Kata kunci : Pencahayaan Alami Siang Hari; Simulasi Komputasi, Pemodelan PASH Berbasis Iklim; Desain Fasad; Iluminasi Cahaya Matahari Bermanfaat.
Abstract_ Daylighting is required for a building as an initial step for energy saving and improvement of its users’ performance. To achieve good daylighting, it requires a proper façade design. This research investigated the Laboratory of Electrical Engineering building of Universitas Malikussaleh, Lhokseumawe, Indonesia. Next, this study adopted Climate Based Daylight Modeling (CBDM) utilizing Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) metric as the criteria for the daylight performance. The metric calculation is only efficient and accurate using computational simulation. Also, this study utilized Daysim, the Radiance derivative, as the annual daylight simulation engine. The engine was accessible through the interface of Grasshopper and Ladybug Tools. The simulation results on the 1st floor obtained an average value of UDI <100 Lux = 27.55%, UDI 100-2000 Lux = 62.89% and UDI> 2000 = 9.51%. While the simulation results on the 2nd floor obtained an average value of UDI <100 Lux = 26.01%, UDI 100-2000 Lux = 65.56% and UDI> 2000 = 8.38%. Results showed several internal spaces had not obtained the daylight at all caused by its adjacent perimeter spaces that blocked the daylight. Therefore, it is required to optimize the façade design of the building by altering the façade of the laboratorium building for better daylight performance inside the spaces. The conclusion of the category obtained for PASH from investigated the Laboratory of Electrical Engineering building is 64,23% and is included in the good category
Keywords: Daylighting; Computational Simulation; Climate Based Daylight Modeling; Facade Design; Useful Daylight Illuminance.
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Hosseini, Seyed Morteza, Fodil Fadli, and Masi Mohammadi. "Biomimetic Kinetic Shading Facade Inspired by Tree Morphology for Improving Occupant’s Daylight Performance." Journal of Daylighting 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2021.5.
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Many recent studies in the field of the kinetic façade developed the grid-based modular forms through primary kinetic movements which are restricted in the simple shapes. However, learning from biological analogies reveals that plants and trees provide adjustable daylighting strategies by means of multilayered and curvature morphological changes. This research builds on a relevant literature study, observation, biomimicry morphological approach (top-down), and parametric daylighting simulation to develop a multilayered biomimetic kinetic façade form, inspired by tree morphology to improve occupants’ daylight performance. The first part of the research uses a literature review to explore how biomimicry influences the kinetic façade’s functions. Then, the study applies the biomimicry morphological approach to extract the formal strategies of tress due to dynamic daylight. Concerning functional convergence, the biomimicry principles are translated to the kinetic façade form configuration and movements. The extracted forms and movements are translated into the design solutions for the kinetic façade resulting in the flexible form by using intersected-multilayered skin and kinetic vectors with curvature movements. The comprehensive annual climate-based metrics and luminance-based metric simulation (625 alternatives) confirm the high performance of the bio-inspired complex kinetic façade for improving occupants’ daylight performance and preventing visual discomfort in comparison with the simple plain window as the base case. The kinetic façade provides daylight performance improvement, especially the best case achieves spatial Daylight Autonomy, Useful Daylight Illuminance, and Exceed Useful Daylight Illuminance of 50.6, 85.5, 7.55 respectively.
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Eriksson, Sara, Lovisa Waldenström, Max Tillberg, Magnus Österbring, and Angela Sasic Kalagasidis. "Numerical Simulations and Empirical Data for the Evaluation of Daylight Factors in Existing Buildings in Sweden." Energies 12, no. 11 (June 10, 2019): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12112200.
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Point Daylight Factor (DFP) has been used for daylighting design in Sweden for more than 40 years. Progressive densification of urban environments, in combination with stricter regulations on energy performance and indoor environmental quality of buildings, creates complex daylight design challenges that cannot be adequately solved with DFP. To support a development of the current and future daylight indicators in the Swedish context, the authors have developed a comprehensive methodology for the evaluation of daylight levels in existing buildings. The methodology comprises sample buildings of various use and their digital replicas in 3D, detailed numerical simulations and correlations of diverse DF metrics in existing buildings, a field investigation on residents’ satisfaction with available daylight levels in their homes, and a comparison between the numerical and experimental data. The study was deliberately limited to the evaluation of DF metrics for their intuitive understanding and easy evaluation in real design projects. The sample buildings represent typical architectural styles and building technologies between 1887 and 2013 in Gothenburg and include eight residential buildings, two office buildings, two schools, two student apartment buildings, and two hospitals. Although the simulated DFP is 1.4% on average, i.e., above the required 1%, large variations have been found between the studied 1200 rooms. The empirical data generally support the findings from the numerical simulations, but also bring unique insights in the residences’ preferences for rooms with good daylight. The most remarkable result is related to kitchens, typically the spaces with the lowest DF values, based on simulations, while the residents wish them to be the spaces with the most daylight. Finally, the work introduces a new DF metric, denoted DFW, which allows daylighting design in early stages when only limited data on the building shape and windows’ arrangement are available.
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Kuhlenengel, Michael, Iason Konstantzos, and Clarence Waters. "The Effects of the Visual Environment on K-12 Student Achievement." Buildings 11, no. 11 (October 21, 2021): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11110498.
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The varying indoor environments among educational buildings can have an impact on students’ ability to learn. This study looks at field data from 220 classrooms in the Midwest, United States, over a two-year period, to analyze the effects of the visual environment on student achievement. The visual environmental metrics considered within this scope include the three new view metrics introduced within the EN 17037 “Daylight of Buildings” standard (Horizontal Sight Angle, Outside Distance of View, and Number of View Layers), as well as standard daylight and electric lighting metrics, focusing on light availability and glare. To capture student achievement, math and reading achievement scores were used, accompanied by auxiliary demographic variables. This allowed for a correlational analysis using multivariate regression. Among the notable results of this study, there was a positive effect of the availability of view on reading achievement. However, another view metric, Horizontal Sight Angle, showed a significant negative interaction with free and reduced lunch recipients on reading achievement, indicating that demographics can also have a significant role in the way the visual environment can affect learning.
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Acosta, Ignacio, Jesús León, and Pedro Bustamante. "Daylight Spectrum Index: A New Metric to Assess the Affinity of Light Sources with Daylighting." Energies 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 2545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102545.
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The current scenario of colorimetry shows a wide variety of different metrics which do not converge in the assessment of the color rendering of light sources. The limitations of the Color Rendering Index have promoted the emergence of new metrics, such as the Color Quality Scale. As in the case of the previous metric, these new concepts are based on the analysis of the deviation of different color samples in a color space, contrasting the results with those obtained with a light source reference, which can vary depending on the color temperature. Within this context, the Daylight Spectrum Index is proposed. This new concept aims to determine the affinity with daylighting of electric light sources, comparing the resulting spectral power distributions of the lamps studied and that observed under natural light. The affinity of an electric light source with daylighting allows for lower energy consumption due to the better performance of human vision. The new metric proposed is evaluated following the results obtained from 80 surveys, demonstrating the usefulness of this new concept in the quantification of color rendering of LED lamps and the affinity of electric light sources with daylighting.
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Konis, Kyle. "A novel circadian daylight metric for building design and evaluation." Building and Environment 113 (February 2017): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.11.025.
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Chi, Doris A., David Moreno, and Jaime Navarro. "Correlating daylight availability metric with lighting, heating and cooling energy consumptions." Building and Environment 132 (March 2018): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.01.048.
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Soleimani, Kamyar, Nastaran Abdollahzadeh, and Zahra Sadat Zomorodian. "Improving Daylight Availability in Heritage Buildings: A Case Study of Below-grade Classrooms in Tehran." Journal of Daylighting 8, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15627/jd.2021.9.
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Refurbished heritage buildings usually lack in meeting the required standards defined for the new function especially when reused as educational buildings. Therefore, they are usually equipped with different post-occupancy retrofit strategies to achieve an acceptable level of environmental quality and energy demand. Daylight quality and the distribution of natural light is a critical issue in educational spaces, given that the low level of illuminance in classrooms can decrease students' performance and disrupt visual tasks. In this study, daylight performance of below-grade south-facing classrooms in a heritage building in Tehran, Iran is investigated by implementing 57 different daylighting retrofit strategies using climate-based daylight simulations, in relation to the metric Useful Daylight Illuminance 300-3000lux (UDI-Autonomous). The research proposes the use of reflectors on the interior ceiling and exterior side of the windows (on the ground) to achieve the highest result possible. Although, applying these two systems individually, can boost the spatial distribution of daylight to 75 % and 71%, respectively, the combination of them provide users with UDI-Autonomous in 99% of the classroom space for more than half of the occupancy time.
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Saraoui, Selma, Azeddine Belakehal, Abdelghani Attar, and Amar Bennadji. "The Topological Reading of Ambiances in the Built Environment: The New Methodology for the Analysis of the Luminous Ambiance in the Museum Space." SHS Web of Conferences 64 (2019): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196403004.
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Daylight is currently at the centre of discourse on architectural space. The definition of architectural space takes essence from Euclidean geometry related to metric dimensions. The present study is an attempt to shed light on topology which is a non-Euclidean geometry. It can support non-metric components of space such as light to define architectural space. A corpus of six European museums has been chosen to study the immaterial or material relationships between form and daylight, since light is an essential element for the success of the exhibition. It also seeks to highlight discontinuity reports, and to confirm their existence through their software visualizations Therefore, the current study has taken into account an analysis model based on the notions of "route" and "sequence". The contemporary architectural project focused on taking into account human postures, both physical and psychological, within the architectural space. The results obtained show that light can release other spatial features for the museum space that can be highlighted by visualization with sequential analysis.
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Berardi, Umberto, and Hamid Khademi Anaraki. "The benefits of light shelves over the daylight illuminance in office buildings in Toronto." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 2 (October 12, 2016): 244–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16673413.
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Modern envelope technologies and architectural trends often encourage the adoption of large glazing surfaces. Light shelves are then proposed to reduce glare complaints, while providing better indoor daylight distribution. In this paper, the benefits of light shelves over the illuminance levels in office buildings in Toronto are evaluated. The useful daylight illuminance was used as the metric of analysis in this study. Annual simulations for buildings with different window-to-wall ratios were compared. Moreover, the effects of different window shapes, façade orientation and external obstructing elements were investigated. Results show that in the context of analysis, light shelves increase the useful daylight illuminance values mainly in the first 6 m from the windows and provide a more homogeneous distribution of the daylight. Window-to-wall ratios above 35% consistently result in increasing glare risks. This study indicates that narrow full-height windows provide better daylighting compared to shorter but wider windows. The west orientation shows higher useful daylight illuminance compared to the south-facing ones, although light shelves are far less beneficial when applied to windows but not facing south. Finally, the illuminance levels in buildings with different obstruction angles of the façade are presented in order to provide a comprehensive analysis about the benefits of adopting light shelves in office buildings in the urban context of Toronto, Canada.
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Trinh, Vinh Quang, Sebastian Babilon, Paul Myland, and Tran Quoc Khanh. "Processing RGB Color Sensors for Measuring the Circadian Stimulus of Artificial and Daylight Light Sources." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 21, 2022): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031132.
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The three main tasks of modern lighting design are to support the visual performance, satisfy color emotion (color quality), and promote positive non-visual outcomes. In view of large-scale applications, the use of simple and inexpensive RGB color sensors to monitor related visual and non-visual illumination parameters seems to be of great promise for the future development of human-centered lighting control systems. In this context, the present work proposes a new methodology to assess the circadian effectiveness of the prevalent lighting conditions for daylight and artificial light sources in terms of the physiologically relevant circadian stimulus (CS) metric using such color sensors. In the case of daylight, the raw sensor readouts were processed in such a way that the CIE daylight model can be applied as an intermediate step to estimate its spectral composition, from which CS can eventually be calculated straightforwardly. Maximal CS prediction errors of less than 0.0025 were observed when tested on real data. For artificial light sources, on the other hand, the CS approximation method of Truong et al. was applied to estimate its circadian effectiveness from the sensor readouts. In this case, a maximal CS prediction error of 0.028 must be reported, which is considerably larger compared to daylight, but still in an acceptable range for typical indoor lighting applications. The use of RGB color sensors is thus shown to be suitable for estimating the circadian effectiveness of both types of illumination with sufficient accuracy for practical applications.
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Adel A. Mahmoud, Muhammad, Islam Ayman Mashaly, Yussra Mohamed Rashed, and Khaled Nassar. "A New Dynamic Climate-Based Daylight Metric for Sustainable Building Design in Hot Climates." Modern Environmental Science and Engineering 2, no. 05 (May 20, 2016): 358–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/mese(2333-2581)/05.02.2016/009.
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Lee, Jaewook, Mohamed Boubekri, and Feng Liang. "Impact of Building Design Parameters on Daylighting Metrics Using an Analysis, Prediction, and Optimization Approach Based on Statistical Learning Technique." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 10, 2019): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051474.
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Daylighting metrics are used to predict the daylight availability within a building and assess the performance of a fenestration solution. In this process, building design parameters are inseparable from these metrics; therefore, we need to know which parameters are truly important and how they impact performance. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between building design attributes and existing daylighting metrics based on a new methodology we are proposing. This methodology involves statistical learning. It is an emerging methodology that helps us to analyze a large quantity of output data and the impact of a large number of design variables. In particular, we can use these statistical methodologies to analyze which features are important, which ones are not, and the type of relationships they have. Using these techniques, statistical models may be created to predict daylighting metric values for different building types and design solutions. In this article we will outline how this methodology works, and analyze the building design features that have the strongest impact on daylighting performance.
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Shamseldin, Amal. "Improvement of the Psychological Lighting Effect Assessment in the Environmental Building Rating Systems." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 29, no. 2 (October 27, 2021): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.29.2.28475.
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Green Architecture is not only about the way of controlling the resources consumption within sustainable limits, but it also emphasizes the positive effect on the different human requirements including his physiological sides. People spend a lot of time indoors under artificial lighting that usually lacks the dynamism and biological effect of daylight. Dynamic lighting, as an application of circadian lighting, has been used and studied in several buildings' functions with different scenarios to achieve better human performance and wellbeing. This article shed a light on the importance and the way of including the circadian lighting effects within the globally-concerned Environmental Building Rating Systems (EBRSs); to advance more steps towards the Green Architecture goals when assessing buildings. Then, it proposed the use of qualitative metrics such as a linked Kano model questionnaire to the EBRSs besides their quantitative metrics; to ensure the proper lighting characteristics and the achievement of the users’ desired satisfaction and wellbeing by more accurate and creditable results. Then, case studies were used to prove the importance of using the proposed qualitative metric within the EBRSs.
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Wang, Tsung-Hsien, Yichun Huang, and Jihyun Park. "Development of Daylight Glare Analysis Method Using an Integrated Parametric Modelling Approach: A Comparative Study of Glare Evaluation Standards." Buildings 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 1810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111810.
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Conducting lighting simulations to investigate lighting performance, such as glare, is widely accepted and of particular interest in the design development stage. However, the main challenge remains in integrating lighting performance metrics into a streamlined modelling and evaluation workflow. With the advancement in digital and modelling technologies, an automatic workflow of modelling parametric design studies with lighting performance evaluation becomes feasible. This study investigates a parametric modelling approach to facilitate glare evaluation using China Green Building Standard as an example. Their glare evaluation adopted the known daylight glare index (DGI) with a revised glare source definition in the calculation. An evaluation toolkit is presented, demonstrating its applications with the sky model. Compared with DGI, the results articulate how a parametric modelling workflow can automate lighting performance evaluation and facilitate technical investigation and clarifications for glare evaluation. Through the parametric simulation studies, the differences in the limited metric scale and the sensitivity of capturing window sizes on the glare evaluation suggest future evaluation protocols for the environmental standard development.
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Acosta, Ignacio. "Daylight Spectrum Index: Development of a New Metric to Determine the Color Rendering of Light Sources." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 9, no. 6 (December 2017): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2017.v9.1014.
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Sigura, Verda, Ellen Kathrine Hansen, and Henrik Clausen. "Designing Natural Atmosphere in Office Environment Through Daylight Responsive Dynamic Lighting." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1099, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1099/1/012029.
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Abstract Often the criteria for designing office lighting is to increase efficiency through a bright and evenly distributed lighting. Yet, research has found that this static lighting leads to an unstimulating, boring, and dull luminous environment that supports neither task focus, nor a pleasant atmosphere. The goal of this paper is to create a closer connection to a natural light environment by designing an office lighting that inspired by light as natural phenomenon creates a lively and more nature-based atmosphere. We developed a lighting design with focus on analysing the perceived atmosphere as a metric for a dynamic lighting design for a meeting room of a real estate company in Denmark. Through a mixed method approach, we explore the design factors that determine the desired natural atmosphere. Our design aims at enhancing the function of the meeting room as a formal space where negotiations are held by 1) presenting the identity of the company to the business partners; and 2) supporting employees’ sense of belonging to the company culture. As a result, our lighting design creates a lighting hierarchy in line with the architectural elements of the space, complementing daylight through electric lighting in a dynamic way, accounting for both sky-type and daylight inflow.
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Zazzini, P., A. Di Crescenzo, and R. Giammichele. "Numerical Analysis of the Performance of an Innovative Daylighting System Named Modified Double Light Pipe." TECNICA ITALIANA-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 65, no. 2-4 (July 30, 2021): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.652-432.
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This paper focuses on the performance of an innovative daylighting system named Modified Double Light Pipe (MDLP). It consists of a device integrating a Double Light Pipe (DLP) with a light shelf. The DLP has been created by the authors to enter daylight into two levels underground buildings. It involves an excessive bulk and the risk of glare in the passage environment. The MDLP is an attempt to solve these problems by coupling the DLP and the light shelf technologies. The authors used a numerical approach modeling the MDLP by the software Rhinoceros and simulating its performance by Grasshopper plugins Ladybug and Honeybee. After calibrating the software by the comparison between numerical and experimental data on the DLP, they carried out a numerical analysis on the MDLP in steady-state and dynamic conditions. In steady-state regime, the MDLP performs better than the DLP, giving quite a uniform illuminance distribution on the horizontal work plane. This is confirmed by the results of the dynamic analysis, carried out evaluating the metric Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA). Moreover, the risk of glare is avoided by the MDLP, thanks to the presence of the light shelf that prevents the observer from seeing the device directly.
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Suk, Jae Yong, Marc Schiler, and Karen Kensek. "Absolute glare factor and relative glare factor based metric: Predicting and quantifying levels of daylight glare in office space." Energy and Buildings 130 (October 2016): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.08.021.
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Sorooshnia, Ehsan, Maria Rashidi, Payam Rahnamayiezekavat, and Bijan Samali. "Optimizing Window Configuration Counterbalancing Energy Saving and Indoor Visual Comfort for Sydney Dwellings." Buildings 12, no. 11 (October 31, 2022): 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111823.
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Building penetrations are the most-potent elements providing daylight and moderating the lighting energy consumption and affecting indoor comfort and consequent energy usage. In a semi-tropical climate with a green environment such as Sydney, there is a radical demand to extend windows providing views. This research aims to optimize sunlight admission and maintain indoor comfort while minimizing energy consumption. The method for investigation is to simulate a multiobjective optimization using NSGA-II considering visual and thermal comfort along with energy usage and view of the outside. A combination of human and machine assessments responding to manual and microcontroller-operated indoor validating simulation improves the generalizability. The solutions were assessed for local codes compliance and double-checked against statistical sky conditions. Regarding north, a window-to-wall ratio of 10.7–20% delivers an optimum daylight metric, yielding a 12.16% decrease in energy use intensity. For an east-facing window, altering 26.4% of WWR decreases 2% in lighting energy and a provides a drastic change in visual comfort. Regarding west, changing WWR by about 51% brings about a 50% saving in lighting but no change in other energy loads. Regarding south, when window length is limited to 39% envelope width, it delivers the optimum energy consumption. This study covers visual and thermal comfort together with energy usage and view of the outside, which has not been investigated for southern hemisphere dwellings. A combined simulation and field measurement of human and machine assessment justifies the solutions.
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Witus, Gary, and R. Darin Ellis. "Computational Modeling of Foveal Target Detection." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 45, no. 1 (March 2003): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/hfes.45.1.47.27231.
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This paper presents the VDM 2000, a computational model of target detection designed for use in military developmental test and evaluation settings. The model integrates research results from the fields of early vision, object recognition, and psychophysics. The VDM2000 is image based and provides a criterion-independent measure of target conspicuity, referred to as the vehicle metric (VM). A large data set of human responses to photographs of military vehicles in a field setting was used to validate the model. The VM adjusted by a single calibration parameter accounts for approximately 80% of the variance in the validation data. The primary application of this model is to predict detection of military targets in daylight with the unaided eye. The model also has application to target detection prediction using infrared night vision systems. The model has potential as a tool to evaluate the visual properties of more general task settings.
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Frank, Jeremy, Minh Do, and Tony Tran. "Scheduling Ocean Color Observations for a GEO-Stationary Satellite." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 26 (March 30, 2016): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v26i1.13780.
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The GEO-Stationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission plans to put a visible spectrum imaging instrument on a satellite in geo-stationary orbit to perform ocean color remote sensing. Two different instrument designs, Filter Radiometer (FR) and COastal Ecosystems Dynamic Imager (COEDI), with different shape for the imaged area and image acquisition time, are being evaluated. Scheduling observations for either instrument requires optimizing science objectives in the presence of predicted cloud cover and available daylight. We model this scheduling problem as both Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP) and Constraint Programming (CP) problems, and compare these two formulations for FR and COEDI using real cloudiness data collected at different times throughout the year. Our results show that MILP is the more suitable technique, and the schedule quality metric shows FR is the preferred design. We have reported our results to the GEO-CAPE mission team to assist them making an informed decision for the next step in formulating this mission.
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Wagiman, Khairul Rijal, Mohd Noor Abdullah, Mohammad Yusri Hassan, and Nur Hanis Mohammad Radzi. "A new metric for optimal visual comfort and energy efficiency of building lighting system considering daylight using multi-objective particle swarm optimization." Journal of Building Engineering 43 (November 2021): 102525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102525.
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Benke, Kurt, Nathan Robinson, Sorn Norng, David Rees, and Garry O'Leary. "Epistemic Uncertainties in the Assessment of Regional Soil Acidification." Environments 9, no. 8 (August 3, 2022): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9080097.
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The increasing acidification of soil due to pollution and agricultural management practices is a growing problem worldwide, where food production is already under threat by climate change, more frequent droughts, and soil nutrient depletion. Soil acidification is quantified by pH measurements and is a primary metric for soil health. High soil acidity is a constraint on the production of grains and other crops because it decreases the bioavailability of important plant nutrients while increasing soil toxicity arising from an imbalance of essential soil elements. Field pH can be estimated by colour test kits which are very cost-effective and particularly suitable for developing countries where laboratory services are not available or fail to provide timely results. Because the pH test kit is based on visual colour matching between a colour card scale and a soil sample in solution, there are epistemic uncertainties, such as variability in expert opinion, differences in colour vision, measurement error, instrumentation, and changes in daylight spectral content. In this study, expert human observers were compared in experiments conducted using a standard pH test kit under a range of environmental conditions. A significant difference in uncertainty in colour discrimination was evident between male and female experts, whereas changes in daylight conditions had lower impact on the variance of pH estimates. In a group of subject matter experts, the male standard error (0.35 pH) was 57% higher on average over the range of pH values (pH = 4 → 10) compared to females (0.22 pH). This error was largest (70%) in the low pH 4 to 6.5 range, which is a critical range for successful amelioration of soil acidification. The results suggest that historical database measurements may have hitherto unrecognised uncertainties that affect confidence intervals for experimental data that in turn will have an impact on predictive models and policy development.
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Woo, May, Roxana Jafarifiroozabadi, Piers MacNaughton, Sahar Mihandoust, Sara Kennedy, and Anjali Joseph. "Using Discrete Choice Methodology to Explore the Impact of Patient Room Window Design on Hospital Choice." Journal of Patient Experience 9 (January 2022): 237437352211072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23743735221107240.
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Evidence-based design has been fundamental to designing healthcare environments for patient outcomes and experience, yet few studies have studied how design factors drive patient choice. 652 patients who recently received care at hospitals across the United States were administered an online discrete choice survey to investigate the factors playing into their choice between hypothetical hospitals. Discrete choice models are widely used to model patient preferences among treatment alternatives, but few studies have utilized this approach to investigate healthcare design alternatives. In the current study, respondents were asked to choose between hypothetical hospitals that differed in patient room design, window features of the room, appointment availability, distance from home, insurance coverage, and HCAHPS ratings. The results demonstrate that patient room design that allowed unobscured access to daylight and views through windows, in-network insurance coverage, closer distance from home, and one-star higher patient experience rating increased the likelihood of a patient's hospital choice. The study broadly explores discrete choice model's applicability to healthcare design and its ability to quantify patient perceptions with a metric meaningful for hospital administrators.
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Chi, Doris A. "Solar energy density as a benchmark to improve daylight availability and energy performance in buildings: A single metric for a single-objective optimization." Solar Energy 234 (March 2022): 304–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2022.01.068.
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Koenderink, J. J., A. J. van Doorn, and J. S. Lappin. "Exocentric Directions in Egocentric Space." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96p0115.
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Observers had to direct a pointer (using a radio link for remote control) at some location towards a beacon at another location such that the pointer appeared to point straight at the beacon. Experiments were done in the natural landscape under broad daylight with the subjects using natural (binocular) vision. Distances were in the range of 1 – 24 m. The location of the vantage point was prescribed, but the observers were allowed (indeed needed) to make eye, head, and body movements, including placement of the feet. Only one or two beacons were visible at any time, but positions were taken from configurations composed of many points. In this way samples of the nexus of pregeodesics of visual space were obtained. The results are interpreted in terms of a curvature of optical space, and in terms of a nonlinear range — depth relation. The results are in conflict with constant-curvature models (such as Luneburg's) of optical space: the curvature is elliptical in near space and changes to hyperbolical in far space. The nexus of pregeodesics does not necessarily involve a metric at all and is thus a more primitive structure of optical space than conventionally considered in the literature.
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Rockcastle, S., ML Amundadottir, and M. Andersen. "Contrast measures for predicting perceptual effects of daylight in architectural renderings." Lighting Research & Technology 49, no. 7 (April 15, 2016): 882–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153516644292.
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Daylit architecture is perceived as a dynamic luminous composition, yet most existing performance metrics were designed to evaluate natural illumination for its ability to adequately illuminate a two-dimensional task surface and avoid glare-based discomfort. It may be argued that task-driven approaches based on surface illumination and glare ignore the likelihood that contrast can provide positive impacts on our visual perception of space. Advances in these metrics to accommodate climate-based sky conditions and occupant behaviour have improved our ability to evaluate task illumination and glare, yet the same attention has not been paid to evaluating positive perceptual responses to daylight. Existing studies have attempted to link subjective ratings of composition to simple global contrast metrics without reaching consensus. More advanced metrics have been developed in computational graphics and vision fields but have not been applied to studies in qualitative lighting research. This paper introduces the results from an online experiment where subject ratings of daylight composition are compared to quantitative contrast measures across a series of renderings. This paper will identify which measures correlate to subjects’ ratings of visual interest and introduces a modified contrast algorithm, which can be used as a novel prediction model for visual interest in daylit renderings.
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Lu, Yihan, Wenye Hu, and Wendy Davis. "The Calculated Circadian Effects of Light Exposure from Commuting." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 13, 2021): 11846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411846.
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Light entrains human circadian rhythms, but increased time spent indoors and decreased daylight exposure may disrupt human circadian regulation and cause health problems. Much research is focused on improving indoor lighting conditions to minimize the adverse circadian impact of electric lights, and few studies investigate the circadian impact of daylight during the incidental time that people spend outdoors. For instance, when people commute from home to work, they are exposed to daylight. The purpose of this study is to investigate daylight’s impact on commuters’ circadian rhythms. Measurements of the illuminance and the spectral irradiance distribution (SID) of daylight were taken for three modes of commuting: driving, riding on trains, and walking; and under different weather conditions, on different days, and at different locations throughout the summer and autumn in the Sydney metropolitan region in Australia. With the SID data, three metrics were calculated to estimate the circadian impacts: α-opic irradiance, circadian stimulus (CS), and equivalent melanopic lux (EML). The results suggest that driving or walking on sunny or cloudy days and riding trains on sunny days are beneficial for the commuters’ circadian synchronization.
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Brunsell, N. A., S. J. Schymanski, and A. Kleidon. "Quantifying the thermodynamic entropy budget of the land surface: is this useful?" Earth System Dynamics 2, no. 1 (June 20, 2011): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-2-87-2011.
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Abstract. As a system is moved away from a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, spatial and temporal heterogeneity is induced. A possible methodology to assess these impacts is to examine the thermodynamic entropy budget and assess the role of entropy production and transfer between the surface and the atmosphere. Here, we adopted this thermodynamic framework to examine the implications of changing vegetation fractional cover on land surface energy exchange processes using the NOAH land surface model and eddy covariance observations. Simulations that varied the relative fraction of vegetation were used to calculate the resultant entropy budget as a function of fraction of vegetation. Results showed that increasing vegetation fraction increases entropy production by the land surface while decreasing the overall entropy budget (the rate of change in entropy at the surface). This is accomplished largely via simultaneous increase in the entropy production associated with the absorption of solar radiation and a decline in the Bowen ratio (ratio of sensible to latent heat flux), which leads to increasing the entropy export associated with the latent heat flux during the daylight hours and dominated by entropy transfer associated with sensible heat and soil heat fluxes during the nighttime hours. Eddy covariance observations also show that the entropy production has a consistent sensitivity to land cover, while the overall entropy budget appears most related to the net radiation at the surface, however with a large variance. This implies that quantifying the thermodynamic entropy budget and entropy production is a useful metric for assessing biosphere-atmosphere-hydrosphere system interactions.
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Brunsell, N. A., S. J. Schymanski, and A. Kleidon. "Quantifying the thermodynamic entropy budget of the land surface: is this useful?" Earth System Dynamics Discussions 2, no. 1 (January 26, 2011): 71–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esdd-2-71-2011.
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Abstract. As a system is moved away from a state of thermodynamic equilibrium, spatial and temporal heterogeneity is induced. A possible methodology to assess these impacts is to examine the thermodynamic entropy budget and assess the role of entropy production and transfer between the surface and the atmosphere. Here, we adopted this thermodynamic framework to examine the implications of changing vegetation fractional cover on land surface energy exchange processes using the NOAH land surface model and eddy covariance observations. Simulations that varied the relative fraction of vegetation were used to calculate the resultant entropy budget as a function of fraction of vegetation. Results showed that increasing vegetation fraction increases entropy production by the land surface while decreasing the overall entropy budget (the rate of change in entropy at the surface). This is accomplished largely via simultaneous increase in the entropy production associated with the absorption of solar radiation and a decline in the Bowen ratio (ratio of sensible to latent heat flux), which leads to increasing the entropy export associated with the latent heat flux during the daylight hours and dominated by entropy transfer associated with sensible heat and soil heat fluxes during the nighttime hours. Eddy covariance observations also show that the entropy production has a consistent sensitivity to land cover, while the overall entropy budget appears most related to the net radiation at the surface. This implies that quantifying the thermodynamic entropy budget and entropy production is a useful metric for assessing biosphere-atmosphere-hydrosphere system interactions.
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Huang, M., G. R. Carmichael, T. Chai, R. B. Pierce, S. J. Oltmans, D. A. Jaffe, K. W. Bowman, et al. "Impacts of transported background pollutants on summertime western US air quality: model evaluation, sensitivity analysis and data assimilation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 1 (January 14, 2013): 359–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-359-2013.
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Abstract. The impacts of transported background (TBG) pollutants on western US ozone (O3) distributions in summer 2008 are studied using the multi-scale Sulfur Transport and dEposition Modeling system. Forward sensitivity simulations show that TBG contributes ~30–35 ppb to the surface Monthly mean Daily maximum 8-h Average O3 (MDA8) over Pacific Southwest (US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 9, including California, Nevada and Arizona) and Pacific Northwest (EPA Region 10, including Washington, Oregon and Idaho), and ~10–17 ppm-h to the secondary standard metric "W126 monthly index" over EPA Region 9 and ~3–4 ppm-h over Region 10. The strongest TBG impacts on W126 occur over the grass/shrub-covered regions. Among TBG pollutants, O3 is the major contributor to surface O3, while peroxyacetyl nitrate is the most important O3 precursor species. W126 shows larger responses than MDA8 to perturbations in TBG and stronger non-linearity to the magnitude of perturbations. The TBG impacts on both metrics overall negatively correlate to model vertical resolution and positively correlate to the horizontal resolution. The mechanisms that determine TBG contributions and their variation are analyzed using trajectories and the receptor-based adjoint sensitivity analysis, which demonstrate the connection between the surface O3 and O3 aloft (at ~1–4 km) 1–2 days earlier. The probabilities of airmasses originating from Mt. Bachelor (2.7 km) and 2.5 km above Trinidad Head (THD) entraining into the boundary layer reach daily maxima of 66% and 34% at ~03:00 p.m. Pacific Daylight Time (PDT), respectively, and stay above 50% during 09:00 a.m.–04:00 p.m. PDT for those originating 1.5 km above California's South Coast. Assimilation of the surface in-situ measurements significantly reduced the errors in the modeled surface O3 during a long-range transport episode by ~5 ppb on average (up to ~17 ppb) and increased the estimated TBG contributions by ~3 ppb. Available O3 vertical profiles from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and THD sonde identified this transport event, but assimilation of these observations in this case did not efficiently improve the O3 distributions except near the sampling locations, due to their limited spatiotemporal resolution and/or possible uncertainties.
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Mardaljevic, J., L. Heschong, and E. Lee. "Daylight metrics and energy savings." Lighting Research & Technology 41, no. 3 (September 2009): 261–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153509339703.
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Reinhart, Christoph F., and Daniel A. Weissman. "The daylit area – Correlating architectural student assessments with current and emerging daylight availability metrics." Building and Environment 50 (April 2012): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.10.024.
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Miri, Majid, and Elmira Ashtari. "Implementing a Digital Solution for Architectural Daylight Analysis in BIM Based Projects by developing a new plugin." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1099, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1099/1/012013.
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Abstract To achieve a successful architectural project, it is essential for architects to truly understand and collaborate with other designers and engineers during the whole project. Regarding daylight analysis, what architects decide about the fenestration types, sizes, and their placements, interior layout design, interior or exterior materials, and finally the outer shape of the buildings may change the quantity and quality of natural light in the interiors. Moreover, such decisions about room configurations, fenestration, and materials can also directly or indirectly affect thermal comfort which is needed to be checked and confirmed by energy experts in the project. In this paper, a newly developed digital solution, and a new plugin called AftabRad is introduced. Its main goal is to export the 3D model from the BIM Modeling software to Radiance, as its daylight simulation core, and present the results back to the BIM software. This plugin can help daylight specialists to be fully or partially involved in any projects to assist architects or urban designers to easily calculate different types of static or dynamic daylight metrics by themselves. However, daylight specialists can do daylight calculations in the final stage or the project if it is needed. In such a project, since most of the daylight analyses for different types of alternatives can be done by architects, and regarding the nature of BIM-based project, by having direct dialogs with energy experts, the probability of achieving a well-daylit space, being thermally and visually comfortable, and fulfilling the daylight requirements can be much higher in comparison with doing daylight simulation just at the end of a project.