Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Day weight'
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Smith, Anna. "Is the Newborn Weight Loss Tool Clinically Useful for Predicting Excess Weight Loss at Day 4 of Life?" University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592133479514458.
Full textReynolds, Staci Kayleen. "Effects of Same-day Strength Training on Serve Performance in Female Collegiate Tennis Players." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd746.pdf.
Full textWolfe, David Avram. "ACCELEROMETER-BASED PATTERNS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BY WEIGHT STATUS AND GENDER AMONG US ADULTS: NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY 2003-2006." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337879525.
Full textZetterström, Katharina. "Dagvård och Reglerbart gastriskt band som behandling för patienter med fetma." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-130235.
Full textIntroduktion: Övervikt och fetma är ett globalt växande folkhälsoproblem vilket leder till enorma ekonomiska samhällskostnader. Fetmakirurgi, bland annat Reglerbart gastriskt band (Adjustable Gastric Banding, AGB), har visat långsiktiga effekter på viktminskning, medan icke-kirurgisk fetmabehandling har visat mindre tydliga effekter. Detta har lett till att fetmakirurgin ökat dramatiskt. Trots detta har vissa kirurgipatienter svårigheter i att upprätthålla viktminskning över tid. Fetmakirurgi kan även leda till senkomplikationer och biverkningar. Flertalet experter argumenterar för att långtidsbehandling är väsentlig för vidmakthållande av beteendeförändring. Dagvårdsbehandling anses vara värd att överväga för patienter med fetma. Den har använts brett inom diabetesvård men ej lika mycket inom fetmabehandling. Syfte: Att strukturera och undersöka population och datamaterial från en redan genomförd men opublicerad, tre år lång interventionsstudie, med tre uppföljningar, om viktminskning och ätbeteende hos patienter med fetma, efter behandling med: Adjustable Gastric Banding, Dagvård alternativt en kombination av de båda behandlingarna. Metod: Datamaterial i 30 pärmar, från patienter (baseline: n= 212) i en redan genomförd men opublicerad interventionsstudie, lästes igenom och strukturerades in i ett index i Microsoft Words. Därefter skapades en databas i Microsoft Excel. I databasen räknades de patienter samman som visat angivna mått på viktminskning (BMI) och ätbeteende (TFEQ) vid något, några eller samtliga av de totalt tre uppföljningstillfällena i studien. Resultat: Efter strukturering och undersökning av datamaterialet framgick att enbart (n=10) av (n=212) fullföljt studien genom uppvisade mått på BMI samt TFEQ vid samtliga av studiens tre uppföljningstillfällen. För att i denna masteruppsats visa resultat från en större studiepopulation presenterades även uppvisade mått (BMI, TFEQ) från patienter som deltagit vid baseline och tredje uppföljningstillfället, men som nödvändigtvis inte deltagit vid uppföljnigstillfälle ett eller två (n=43). BMI och TFEQ presenterades i medelvärde och median för varje behandlingsgrupp. Slutsats: Resultatet visar att majoriteten av de deltagande patienterna inte fullföljde hela programmet. Därför kunde inga effekter av respektive behandling på förändring av vikt och ätbeteende beräknas.
Introduction: Overweight and obesity is a globally growing public health problem leading to enormous economic costs for the society. Obesity surgery, including Adjustable Gastric Banding (AGB), has shown long-term positive effects on weight loss, while non-surgical obesity treatment has shown less evident effects. This has led to a dramatic increase in obesity surgery. Still, some surgery patients have difficulties in maintaining weight loss over time. The majority of experts argue that long-term treatment is essential for maintaining behavioral changes. According to experts, Daycare treatment is worth considering for patients suffering from obesity. It has been used broadly within the diabetes care though not to the same extent in obesity treatment. Aim: To structure and investigate the population and data from an already completed but unpublished three year old intervention study, with three follow ups, of weight loss and eating behavior in patients with obesity after treatment with Adjustable Gastric Banding, Daycare or a combination of the both treatments. Method: Data in 30 binders, from participants (baseline n=212) in an already completed but unpublished intervention study, was read and structured into an index in Microsoft Words. A database in Microsoft Excel was then structured were patients with specified measures for weight loss (BMI) and eating behavior (TFEQ), for one, two or three of the total three follow ups, was counted together. Results: After the structuration and investigation of the material it became evident that due to drop-out or missing data only (n=10) out of (n=212) had fulfilled the study by showing specified measures of BMI and TFEQ at every of the total three follow ups. To, in the present Master thesis, show results from a greater sample, also participants with measures (BMI, TFEQ) from baseline and the third follow up, but not necessary from the first or second follow up (n=43), was included in the presentation. BMI and TFEQ were presented in mean and median for each of the treatment groups. Conclusion: The result shows that a majority of the participants not completed the program. Hence could no effect of the treatments on changes of weight and eating behavior be rated.
Sander, Elin. "Skip-a-day feeding does not cause difference in liver lipid content in broiler breeders." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138675.
Full textThomas, Craig W. "Current practices and future possibilities of performance recording extensively-grazed commercial beef herds in New Zealand." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/844.
Full textGomes, Gilson Alexandre. "Nutrição pós-eclosão de frangos de corte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-27042007-143146/.
Full textIt were performed two experiments with the aim of evaluate the effects of posthatch nutrition of broiler chickens. In the first trial were evaluated the effects of feeding a pre-starter diet (PSD) on duodenal morphology (DM), live performance (LP), and carcass yield (CY). Nine hundred and sixty day-old male Cobb-500 broiler, with two different weights at housing (until 42 g and more than 45 g) were placed in 32 floor pens, and then submitted to four different periods of feeding a PSD (0, 1 to 7 days, 1 to 10 days and 1 to 14 days), totalizing 8 treatments with 4 replications of 30 birds each. In the second trial were evaluated the effects of feeding different hatchling supplements (HS) for different periods on breast muscle satellite cell mitotic activity (SCMA), alometric growth of digestive organs, DM, LP, and CY of broiler chickens up to 42 days. One thousand and two hundred and eighty day-old male Cobb-500 broiler were used on a 2x2x2 factorial study (two different weights at hatch :until 44 g and more than 49 g; two HS: 8% of crude protein and 16% of carbohydrates - HS 8/16 - or 10% of crude protein and 20% of carbohydrates - HS 10/20; two feeding periods of HS: 24 or 48h), totalizing 8 treatments with 4 replications of 40 birds each. Additionally, it were housed 160 male chicks from the same broiler breeder flock, of 49g of mean weight at hatch, which were submitted to 24h fasting prior to placement. The animals of both experiments were fed with basal corn-soy pre-starter/starter/grower/finisher diets. All data were analyzed using SAS\'s GLM procedures, and significance were measured at p<0,05 using Tukey\'s multiple range test to determine differences between treatments means. Overall, heavier birds at hatch/housing caused significative effect on LP, presenting decreased villus height, and an increased body weight. The birds that were fed with the PSD up to 7 days presented an increased LP, and a smaller CY. Chicks which were fasted for 24h presented a better development of DM on the post-hatch period, showing a compensatory growth. Both HS were efficient on minimize the chick\'s weight loss prior to placement, however birds that were fed with 10/20 HS showed satisfactory effects not only on DM but also an increased breast meat yield. However, the period of feeding of HS should be as small as possible, because this supplement is not capable to supply efficiently the nutritional requirements of newly hatched chicks.
Correia, Maria Rasquilha Corado Ribeiro. "Efeito da utilização de um alimento diferenciado no primeiro terço de gestação na produtividade das porcas." Master's thesis, ISA, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7074.
Full textThe main aim of this work was to study the effect of a diet with 15% of crude protein in early gestation on sow’s productivity. The study included 40 sows divided into two treatments, control (13% of crude protein) and test, with three repetitions. There was obtained an average piglets born alive per litter of 12,4 in control treatment and 13,51 in test (P>0,05). Pre-weaning mortality was 1,43 piglets per sow in control treatment and 1,16 piglets per sow in test treatment (P>0,05). There was a significant interaction between treatment and repetition for these parameters (P<0,05). The number of piglets weaned per sow showed no differences (P>0,05) with 10,89 piglets weaned/sow in control treatment and e 11,67 in test. The average birth weight was 1,46 kg/piglet in control treatment and 1,36 kg/piglet in test treatment (P<0,05). At 24 hours post-farrowing the average weight was 1,59 kg/piglet for control treatment and 1,49 kg/piglet for test treatment (P<0,05). However there were no significant differences on piglet’s weight at weaning (P>0,05) with 7,29kg/piglet in control treatment and 7,12 kg/piglet in test. The results suggest that the use of a diet with 15% of crude protein in early gestation has no benefit in the sow’s productivity
Gunnersen, Morten. "Disability Adjusted Life Years in a Regional and Cultural Perspective. : Who Should weight the disabilities?" Thesis, Nordic School of Public Health NHV, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:norden:org:diva-3260.
Full textBegrebet Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY) kom frem i starten af 1990’erne som et redskab til at måle sygdomsbyrde. DALY kombinerer sygdomsbyrden med hensyn til for tidlig død og år levet med handicap. Megen kritik af DALY er rejst fx i forhold til etiske aspekter. Denne opgave fokuserer på manglen på kontekst i DALY-konceptet fordi instrumentet anvender en universel standard for alle sygdomme på tværs af lande. Ét formål med opgaven er at beskrive hvorledes regionale og kulturelle sammenhænge influerer synet på handicap og dermed er i modstrid med de bagvedliggende antagelser i DALY-konceptet. De regionale og kulturelle forskelle er illustreret ved eksempler som paraplegi. Publicerede sygdomsbyrde studier gennemgås i sammenhæng med regionale eller kulturelle overvejelser. Analysen konklusion er, at regionale og kulturelle hensyn ikke indarbejdet i DALY tilgangen. Det andet formål med opgaven er at diskutere, hvem skal vurdere handicappedes liv. Som følge af udviklingen af befolkningernes sundhedstilstand har opfattelse af helbred og adgang til sundhedsvæsenet ændret sig. I bedømmelsen heraf ligger en implicit vurdering af handicap bland såvel lægfolk som sundhedsprofessionelle. Hvis man anvender DALY som generelt mål for sygdomsbyrden og prioriterer på baggrund heraf, så diskuteres hvem der skal deltage i værdisætningen af vægtene, der indgår i beregningerne. En model for samarbejde omkring vægtene beskrives. Konklusionen er, at lægfolk bør involveres i processen med støtte af udefra kommende konsulenter. Overordnet viser opgaven, at udviklingen af DALY er et seriøst tiltag på et simpelt værktøj til at forstå og prioritere komplekse udfordringer i folkesundheden. For indeværende er der behov for en dagsorden for videreudviklingen af kontekstrelateret DALYs.
ISBN 91-7997-155-5
Faleiro, Elizângela Mirian Moreira. "Efeito da suplementação proteica no terço final da gestação de vacas Nelore associada a suplementação das crias em creep-feeding e o subseqüente desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo das bezerras e/ou novilhas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-20032017-171855/.
Full textThe objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of dam supplementation on least trimester of gestation of Nellore cows and creep-feeding supplementation on productive and reproductive performance of heifers. For this purpose, a factorial arrangement (2X2) was used, which the factor I was dam supplementation of cows in the least trimester of gestation (n = 350) and the factor II was creep-feeding supplementation (n = 153). Cows were supplemented with 0.5 kg of soybean meal by 90 days before partum, and the female calves were supplemented in creep-feeding from 30 days after birth until weaning at 6.38 months of age. The experimental period comprised the least trimester of gestation up to 30 months of age. There was no interaction between supplementations on body weight (P = 0.66) and BCS (P = 0.58) of cows, and on body weight (P = 0.62), and ADG (P = 0.73) of heifers from 1.2 to 26.0 months. In the same way, there was no effect of dam supplementation (P = 0.98), and creep-feeding (P = 0.78) on body weight of heifers. However, dam supplementation exerted punctual influence on body weight of heifers at 24.9 months of age, when heifers that dam were supplemented were heavier (P = 0.040). The reproductive parameters such puberty rate at 12.5 (P = .31) and 24.9 (P = 0.75) months and the pregnancy rate at 18.7 (P = 0.86) and 26.0 (P = 0.36) months were not influenced by any nutritional strategies. However, there was interaction between supplementations on the pregnancy rate at 30 months of age, which heifers from cows that received supplement on least trimester of gestation and were submitted to creep-feeding showed higher pregnancy rate (92%, P = 0.019) than heifers who received only one of two types of supplementation. The association between dam supplementation and creep-feeding did not affect body weight, ADG, and puberty onset in Nellore heifers.
Hooper, Margaret Berrey. "Selection of an Evidence-Based Pediatric Weight Management Program for the Dan River Region." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/47969.
Full textMaster of Science
Odermatt, Freia. "Der Himmel in uns : das Selbstverständnis des Seelsorgers Valentin Weigel (1533-1588) /." Bern : P. Lang, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783039117840.
Full textWeigt, Claudia [Verfasser]. "Das "Kumulationsverbot" als Grenze außervertraglicher Kooperation in der EU / Claudia Weigt." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163024546/34.
Full textSILVA, Nathália Lins. "Análise comparativa do mesozooplâncton e das partículas em suspensão em dois ambientes costeiros, Pernambuco, Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18332.
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FACEPE
Material particulado em suspensão (séston) em ecossistemas aquáticos contém dois compartimentos: organismos (plâncton) e partículas. Conhecimento sobre a contribuição das partículas para o séston é essencial para a compreensão da dinâmica de fluxos tróficos em ecossistemas marinhos. Este estudo tem como objetivo medir a biomassa sestônica úmida total e avaliar as contribuições relativas do mesozooplâncton e das partículas em suspensão em amostras de plâncton. As amostras foram obtidas no estuário do Rio Formoso e na Baía de Tamandaré (Pernambuco, Brasil). Arrastos subsuperficiais horizontais foram realizados durante dois anos (junho / 2013 a maio / 2015) em intervalos bimestrais com redes de plâncton (malhas: 200 e 300 µm) durante as estações seca e chuvosa. Um total de 155 amostras foram analisadas para estimar a biomassa sestônica úmida total e posterior identificação e estimativa de densidade e volume do zooplâncton e das partículas usando o equipamento ZooScan. Foram detectados, identificados, quantificados e medidos 26 grupos taxonômicos do zooplâncton. Dentre estes os grupos mais abundantes foram Copepoda (Calanoida e Cyclopoida), zoeas de Brachyura, outros decápodes, apendiculárias e náuplios de crustáceos. Foram detectadas 15 categorias de partículas, entre elas, as partículas opacas, transparentes e escuras, fibras vegetais, e exúvias de copépodos foram as mais abundantes. O ambiente estuarino apresentou os maiores valores de biomassa sestônica úmida, densidade e volume, e, também apresentou as maiores concentrações de partículas e contribuições relativas em termos de volume (72% e 59% do volume, para as malhas de 200 e 300 micrômetros, respectivamente). No entanto, o ambiente marinho também mostrou concentrações e volumes de partículas muito elevadas (32% e 44% do volume, para as malhas de 200 e 300 micrômetros, respectivamente). Zooplâncton e partículas mostraram maiores densidades durante o período seco. A comparação entre os volumes totais obtidos com medidas semi-automáticas de imagens digitalizadas e a biomassa sestônica úmida revelou uma relação linear significativa (R² = 0,73; p <0,0001). Este estudo confirma a importância de mesopartículas (maiores do que 200 micrômetros) na estrutura do séston em áreas costeiras tropicais.
Suspended particulate matter (seston) in aquatic ecosystems contains two compartments: organisms (plankton) and particles. Knowledge on the contribution of particles to the seston is essential in understanding the dynamics of trophic energy flows in marine ecosystems. This study aims to measure the total wet seston biomass (wet weight) and to assess the relative contributions of zooplankton and particles to plankton net samples. The samples were obtained in the Rio Formoso estuary and in Tamandaré Bay (Pernambuco State, Brazil). Subsurface horizontal tows were performed during two years (June / 2013 to May / 2015) at bimonthly intervals with plankton nets (meshes: 200 and 300 µm) during dry and rainy seasons. 155 samples were analyzed to estimate the total wet seston biomass and subsequent identification and estimation of density and zooplankton volume and particle volume using a ZooScan equipment. 26 taxonomic groups of zooplankton were detected, identified, quantified, and measured. The most abundant were Copepoda (Calanoida and Cyclopoida), brachyuran zoea, other decapods, appendicularians and crustacean nauplius. 15 categories of particles were detected, among these, opaque, transparent and dark particles, plant fibers, and copepod exuviae were the most abundant. The estuarine environment showed the highest values of wet seston biomass, density and volume and also had the highest particle concentrations and relative volume contributions, (72% and 59% volume, for 200 and 300 µm mesh nets, respectively). However, the marine environment also showed very high concentrations and volumes of particles (32% and 44% volume, for 200 and 300 µm mesh nets, respectively). Zooplankton and particles showed highest densities during the dry period. The comparison between total volumes obtained with semi-automatic measurements of scanned images with wet seston biomass revealed a significant linear relationship (R² = 0.73; p < 0.0001). This study underlines the importance of particles (greater than 200 micrometers) in the structure of the seston in tropical coastal areas.
Pinto, João Manuel Luciano Nunes da Silveira. "Contributo para a caracterização das raças serpentinas e charnequeira." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20573.
Full textRahal, Natália Machado. "Ocorrência e efeito temporal das espécies do gênero Eimeria Schneider, 1875 em cordeiros confinados /." Araçatuba, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/166408.
Full textCoorientador: Marcelo Vasconcelos Meireles
Banca: Alex Akira Nakamura
Banca: Fernanda Bovino
Resumo: A infecção patogênica por Eimeria spp., denominada eimeriose ou coccidiose, tem sido indicada como responsável por mortes, queda no desenvolvimento e baixa produtividade em criações animais, ocorrendo principalmente em indivíduos jovens devido à imaturidade do sistema imunológico. Quando são submetidos a um sistema intensivo de produção, como em situação de confinamento, cordeiros podem se tornar ainda mais susceptíveis às infecções por espécies de Eimeria, devido à alta concentração de indivíduos, que potencializa a dispersão do parasito, e ao estresse associado à criação. No estado de São Paulo, já foram identificadas dez espécies de Eimeria em estudos prévios e, dentre elas, E. ovinoidalis foi considerada a mais patogênica para ovinos. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever as espécies do gênero Eimeria Schneider, 1875 que ocorreram em um confinamento de cordeiros, bem como as dinâmicas da eliminação de oocistos no ambiente e correlação com o ganho de peso médio diário (GMD) durante nove semanas. Cento e quatro cordeiros de diversas raças e cruzas, com aproximadamente 60 dias de vida, foram confinados e submetidos a pesagens, avaliações clínicas e coprológicas periódicas. Amostras de fezes que continham mais de 500 oocistos de Eimeria por gramas de fezes (OoPG) foram separadas para esporulação, posteriormente determinando-se as espécies às quais os oocistos pertenciam. Dentre os 677 oocistos avaliados, as seguintes espécies foram identificadas: E. parva Kotla... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Pathogenic infection caused by Eimeria spp., denominated eimeriosis or coccidiosis, has been pointed out as responsible for deaths, decreased development and low productivity for livestock animals, affecting mainly young individuals due to immature immunological system. When submitted to an intensive breeding system, as a feedlot, lambs can become even more susceptible to Eimeria infections, due to high concentration of animals, which potentializes parasite dispersion, and to stress generated by farming conditions. In São Paulo State, ten Eimeria species were identified in previous studies and, among them, E. ovinoidalis, was considered the most pathogenic for ovine. So, this study aimed to describe species of the Eimeria Schneider, 1875 that occurred in a lamb feedlot, as well as the dynamics of oocyst output in the environment and its correlation with daily weight gain (DWG) during nine weeks. One hundred and four lambs of various breeds and crossbreeds, at approximately 60 days old, were placed in a feedlot and submitted to periodic weighing, clinical and coprological evaluations. Fecal samples that had more than 500 Eimeria spp. oocysts per gram (OPG) were separated for sporulation, and oocysts were identified at species level. Among the 677 evaluated oocysts, the following species were identified: E. parva Kotlan, Moscy & Vajda, 1929, E. crandallis Honess, 1942, E. ovinoidalis McDougald, 1979, E. weybridgensis Norton, Joyner & Catchpole 1974, E. bakuensis Musaev, 1970 (s... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Odermatt, Freia. "Der Himmel in uns das Selbstverständnis des Seelsorgers Valentin Weigel (1533 - 1588)." Bern Berlin Bruxelles Frankfurt,M. New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2007. http://d-nb.info/991183282/04.
Full textCosta, Tatiana Gouveia Pinto. "Avaliação do ganho de peso, desempenho, morfometria e características de carcaça de ovinos das raças Santa Inês e Somalis brasileiro, no Estado do Ceará." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/19020.
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The objective present work was to evaluate the weight earnings, the morfometric and the characteristics of carcass of two genotype of lambs fedlot hair, Santa Ines and Somalis. Two experiments were accomplished: I - for weight earnings and morfometric of males and females, in confinement, and II - for evaluation of the characteristics of carcass of the males. In the experiment I, 10 males and 10 females of the race Santa Ines, and 10 males and 06 females of the race Somalis, were used, in a completely randomized design, in factorial outline 2x2 (two races and two sexes), which totaled four treatments. The adopted alimentary handling was the supply of pricked grass-elephant and concentrated (400g/head/day), distributed in the morning and in the afternoon. The experimental period had duration of 60 days, where every fifteen days the animals were heavy and accomplished the following weight measures: withers height (HW), crop height (CH),thorax height (TH), length of the body (LB), thoracic perimeter (TP), width of the thorax (WT), width of the croup (WC), croup length (CL), ileum width (IW) and width isqueum (IW). In the experiment II, a completely randomized design, where nine males Santa Ines and six Somalis were abated when they reached an average of 28 kg of alive weight. The appraised characteristics were, the alive discount weight (DW), hot carcass weigh (HCW), cold carcass weigh (CCW), hot carcass revenues (HCR) and cold (CCR), cooling loss (CL), internal length of the carcass (CLI) and the index of compactness of the carcass (ICC). In the cold carcass they were appraised the revenue of the following commercial cuts: neck, palette, whole loin, leg, chest, rack, rib and flank. There was significant difference (P<0.05) among the races and enter the sexes so much for the corporal weight as for most of the accomplished measures, of the 150 to the 210 days of age, and the race Santa Ines was superior the race Somalis, and the superior males the females. Among the carcass characteristics, the race Somalis presented smaller averages for PR and ML (P<0.05) than Santa Ines. There were not significant differences for the other carcass characteristics, as well as for the revenues of the cuts, among the appraised races. Santa Ines presented larger weights, weight measures, internal length of the carcass and it breaks for cooling than Somalis. With relationship to the revenue of the commercial cuts accomplished in the carcass the races sheeps Santa Ines and Somalis they were similar to each other
O objetivo presente trabalho foi avaliar o ganho de peso, a morfometria e as características de carcaça de dois genótipos de ovinos deslanados, Santa Inês e Somalis. Foram realizados dois experimentos: I – para ganho de peso e morfometria de machos e fêmeas, em confinamento, e II – para avaliação das características de carcaça dos machos. No experimento I, foram utilizados 10 machos e 10 fêmeas da raça Santa Inês, e 10 machos e 06 fêmeas da raça Somalis Brasileiros, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2 (duas raças e dois sexos), o qual totalizou quatro tratamentos. O manejo alimentar adotado foi o fornecimento de capim-elefante picado e concentrado (400g/ cabeça/dia), distribuídos pela manhã e à tarde. O período experimental teve duração de 60 dias, onde a cada quinze dias os animais foram pesados e realizadas as seguintes medidas corporais: altura da cernelha (ACE), altura da garupa (AGA), altura do tórax (ATO), comprimento do corpo (CCO), perímetro torácico (PTO), largura do tórax (LTO), largura da garupa (LGA), comprimento da garupa (CGA), largura do ílio (LIL) e largura do ísquio (LIS). No experimento II, foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, onde nove machos Santa Inês e seis Somalis foram abatidos quando atingiram uma média de 28 kg de peso vivo. As características avaliadas foram, o peso vivo ao abate (PVA), peso da carcaça quente (PCQ), peso da carcaça fria (PCF), rendimentos de carcaça quente (RCQ) e fria (RCF), perda por resfriamento (PR), comprimento interno da carcaça (ML) e o índice de compacidade da carcaça (ICC). Na carcaça fria foram avaliados o rendimento dos seguintes cortes comerciais: pescoço, paleta, lombo inteiro, perna, peito, carré, costela e fraldinha. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre as raças e entre os sexos tanto para o peso corporal como para a maioria das medidas realizadas, dos 150 aos 210 dias de idade, sendo que a raça Santa Inês foi superior a raça Somalis, e os machos superiores as fêmeas. Dentre as características de carcaça, a raça Somalis apresentou menores médias para PR e ML (p<0,05) do que a Santa Inês. Não houve diferenças significativas para as demais características de carcaça, como também para os rendimentos dos cortes, entre as raças avaliadas. A Santa Inês apresentou maiores pesos, medidas corporais, comprimento interno da carcaça e quebra por resfriamento do que a Somalis. Quanto ao rendimento dos cortes comerciais realizados na carcaça as raças ovinas Santa Inês e Somalis foram semelhantes entre si.
Jakobi, Christoph. "Entwicklung und Evaluation eines Gewichtsfenstergenerators für das Strahlungstransportprogramm AMOS." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-234133.
Full textThe purpose of efficiency increasing methods is the reduction of the computing time required to solve radiation transport problems using Monte Carlo techniques. Besides additional geometry manipulation and source biasing this includes in particular the weight windows technique as the most important variance reduction method developed in the 1950s. To date the difficulty of this technique is the calculation of appropriate weight windows. In this work a generator for spatial and energy dependent weight windows based on the forward-adjoint generator by T.E. BOOTH and J.S. HENDRICKS is developed and implemented in the radiation transport program AMOS. With this generator the weight windows are calculated iteratively and set automatically. Furthermore the generator is able to autonomously adapt the energy segmentation. The functioning is demonstrated by means of the deep penetration problem of photon radiation. In this case the efficiency can be increased by several orders of magnitude. With energy dependent weight windows the computing time is decreased additionally by approximately one order of magnitude. For a practice-oriented problem, the irradiation of a dosimeter for individual monitoring, the efficiency is only improved by a factor of four at best. Source biasing and geometry manipulation result in an equivalent improvement. The use of energy dependent weight windows proved to be of no practical relevance
Stevenson, Clint W. "A Logistic Regression Analysis of Utah Colleges Exit Poll Response Rates Using SAS Software." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1116.
Full textCosta, Júnior Braz Melo. "Qualidade das silagens de gramíneas tropicais e desempenho de cordeiros Santa Inês." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2012. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6635.
Full textNo Nordeste a base da alimentação dos ovinos é a caatinga, entretanto, a produção de forragens é abundante e de boa qualidade na época das chuvas enquanto que no período seco a qualidade e disponibilidade são reduzidas. Uma das formas de se minimizar a variação da disponibilidade de alimentos é fazer uso da conservação de forragem, sendo que a forma mais comum é a ensilagem. Esse trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de cordeiros Santa Inês alimentados com silagens de gramíneas tropicais e a influência dessas silagens sobre a composição da carcaça e dos componentes não carcaça. Foram usados 16 cordeiros da raça Santa Inês distribuídos nos seguintes tratamentos: silagem de milho (testemunha); silagem de capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum cv Napier), com 15% de fubá de milho; silagem de Brachiaria brizantha cv MG5 com 15% de fubá de milho; silagem de Panicum máximum cv Tanzânia com 15% de fubá de milho. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e quatro repetições. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para as variáveis ganho de peso total, peso de carcaça quente, peso de carcaça fria, rendimento de carcaça quente, rendimento de carcaça fria, espessura de gordura e área de olho de lombo e ingestão de matéria seca. Os animais tratados com silagem de capim elefante apresentaram melhor ganho de peso médio diário, conversão alimentar e eficiência alimentar que os animais tratados com silagem de Tanzânia (P<0,05), entretanto em relação aos outros não houve diferença significativa. Em relação à variável perda por resfriamento os animais tratados com silagem de capim elefante apresentaram maior perda. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para pescoço, paleta, lombo, serrote e costela. Em relação aos órgãos não houve diferença para rins, baço, língua, coração, órgãos genitais, retículo/rúmen, omaso, cabeça e patas. Os animais alimentados com silagem de milho apresentaram maior proporção de fígado e de couro que os demais. Animais alimentados com silagem de capim elefante apresentaram pulmões, intestino delgado e gordura cavitária mais pesados enquanto os animais alimentados com silagem de Tanzânia obtiveram maior proporção de omaso e sangue. Concluímos, portanto que os animais alimentados com dieta contendo silagem de capim Tanzânia apresentam baixo ganho de peso médio diário, menor conversão alimentar e menor eficiência. A utilização de silagem de milho, de capim elefante e de MG-5 na alimentação de cordeiros, em confinamento, proporcionam bom desempenho aos animais bem como de rendimento de carcaça e de seus cortes. A utilização de silagens de gramíneas tropicais não altera o desenvolvimento normal de vísceras, gordura cavitária e peso de corpo vazio.
Majid, Abdul, and Abdul Waheed Malik. "Design and Implementation of a Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizer using Sum of Weighted Bit Products." Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19986.
Full textDirect Digital Frequency Synthesis (DDFS) is a method of producing an analog waveform by
generating a time-varying signal in digital form, succeeded by digital-to-analog reconstruction.
At behavioral level the bit products with specified weights are used to generate the sine wave. In representation of a sine wave both positive and negative weights are generated. Since negative weights are not desired in design, the negative weights are transformed to positive weights. To reduce the number of current sources and control signals, bit product signals of those current sources which cannot be switched on simultaneously and have equal weights are shared. After sharing weights, the control signals are reduced to from 59 to 43 and current sources from 207 to 145.
Different control words are used by the DDFS system in order to generate different frequencies. The control word is successively added to the previous value in a 20-bit accumulator. Nine most significant bits out of these twenty bits are used for the DAC.
Since the Current Steering DAC architecture is suitable for high speed and high resolution purposes, so a 9-bit nonlinear current steering DAC is used to convert the output of bit products to the analog sine wave. Seven bits are used to generate one quarter of the sine wave. Eighth and ninth bits are used to generate the full sine wave.
HCMOS 9 (130 nm) ST Microelectronics process is used by employing high speed NMOS and PMOS transistors. The bit products (control signals) are computed by using complementary static CMOS logic which then act as control signals for the current sources after passing through D-flip flops. Practical design issues of current sources and parts of digital logic were studied and implemented using the Cadence full-custom design environment.
Kappel, Jan. "Das Ubiquitätsprinzip im Internet : wie weit reicht das deutsche Strafrecht? /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2007. http://www.verlagdrkovac.de/978-3-8300-2978-6.htm.
Full textRocha, Alexandre Gomes da. "Uniformidade de mistura das rações e seu efeito no desempenho de frangos de corte." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10182.
Full textObjetivou-se comparar diferentes indicadores utilizados no controle de qualidade para a determinação da eficiência de mistura de rações, e realizaram-se análises de correlações entre os métodos analíticos utilizados na mensuração dos indicadores empregados. Em etapa complementar, avaliou-se o efeito da falta de homogeneidade de mistura das rações sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte. Na primeira etapa, após análise da eficiência do equipamento de mistura foram comparados nove indicadores de eficiência de mistura seca e dois de mistura úmida. Nos testes de eficiência de mistura constataram-se valores inconstantes do coeficiente de variação (CV) após o tempo necessário para atingir CV inferior a 5%. Na comparação de indicadores de mistura seca, cinco destes apresentaram coeficientes de variação (CVs) médios menores do que 5% e no teste comparação de indicadores de mistura úmida, com um dos indicadores obteve-se este resultado. Nas análises de correlações não se observaram valores expressivos que justifiquem o emprego de métodos alternativos de análises dos indicadores. Na segunda etapa, frangos de corte foram criados em quatro fases produtivas, com rações com CVs entre 5,35 e 49,48%, e foram avaliados o desempenho zootécnico e a uniformidade dos pesos destes animais. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que rações com CVs até 22,63%, não causam efeitos sobre o desempenho zootécnico dos frangos de corte com idade superior a 12 dias. A falta de uniformidade das rações, com CV até 49,48%, não afeta a uniformidade dos pesos dos frangos de corte durante o crescimento e no momento do abate. Concluindo o estudo, foi desenvolvido um sistema computacional orientativo para avaliações de eficiência de mistura em equipamentos industriais de produção de rações.
Sahadev, Keshav. "A volume-weighted-average-price (VWAP) method for estimating beta in the context of reference-day risk." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64923.
Full textMini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
lt2018
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
Magalhães, Bóris Ribeiro [UNESP]. "Para além da forma: impactos das práticas dos vigilantes do peso no corpo e na auto-imagem dos obesos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88792.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A presente dissertação busca em seus objetivos compreender as representações sociais do corpo, com ênfase na construção do corpo obeso através das práticas corretivas que visam agir sobre o controle do peso. A pesquisa pretende observar as práticas, os discursos e os métodos de normalização do corpo na instituição dos “Vigilantes do Peso” (VP), entidade voltada à correção dos hábitos alimentares considerados irregulares. Ao mesmo tempo, a pesquisa pretende compreender a maneira com que os obesos representam seu corpo e como justificam a sua adesão às práticas do VP. A reflexão baseia-se nas leituras de Michel Foucault sobre disciplina e norma, bem como sobre bio-política. O que está em jogo no debate são as diferentes maneiras de como, na modernidade, o corpo passou a ser objeto de intervenção de poderes e de investimento subjetivo. A pesquisa pretende adicionalmente descrever e analisar as práticas cotidianas dos usurários do VP. Para tanto, foram realizadas observações diretas dessas práticas com o intuito de descrever as confissões realizadas durante as reuniões da instituição. Os VP representam um novo tipo de instituição na modernidade tardia. Em sua prática corretiva, apontam para processos mais sutis de institucionalização da norma. A dissertação, por último, pode contribuir para a compreensão dos temas relacionados ao corpo e à obesidade no âmbito das Ciências Sociais.
The present work seeks in its objectives to understand the social representations of body, stressing the correctives practices that underlies the weight control and the construction of the overweight body. The research intends to observe the practices, the speeches and the methods of normalization of the body within the “Weight Watchers” (VP), entity devoted above all to the correction of alimentary habits considered not regular. At the same time, the research intends to understand the way in which somebody with overweight represents its body and justifies its adhesion to the practices of weight control. The purpose is to discuss these problems using the Michel Foucault’s thought on discipline, normalization and bio-politics. The main concern is to grasp the different ways in late modernity the body became object of powers interventions and subjective investment. The research also intends to describe and to analyze the VP daily practices. To accomplish that, will be made direct observations of VP daily practices and the confessions emerged within the VP meetings as well. VP is a type of institution that encompasses the emergency of new modernity configuration in the body corrections practices. The dissertation intends lastly to understand the studies related to body and obesity, in the knowledge realm of Social Sciences.
Magalhães, Bóris Ribeiro. "Para além da forma : impactos das práticas dos vigilantes do peso no corpo e na auto-imagem dos obesos /." Marília : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88792.
Full textBanca: José Luís Guimarães
Banca: Lídia Viana Possas
Resumo: A presente dissertação busca em seus objetivos compreender as representações sociais do corpo, com ênfase na construção do corpo obeso através das práticas corretivas que visam agir sobre o controle do peso. A pesquisa pretende observar as práticas, os discursos e os métodos de normalização do corpo na instituição dos "Vigilantes do Peso" (VP), entidade voltada à correção dos hábitos alimentares considerados irregulares. Ao mesmo tempo, a pesquisa pretende compreender a maneira com que os obesos representam seu corpo e como justificam a sua adesão às práticas do VP. A reflexão baseia-se nas leituras de Michel Foucault sobre disciplina e norma, bem como sobre bio-política. O que está em jogo no debate são as diferentes maneiras de como, na modernidade, o corpo passou a ser objeto de intervenção de poderes e de investimento subjetivo. A pesquisa pretende adicionalmente descrever e analisar as práticas cotidianas dos usurários do VP. Para tanto, foram realizadas observações diretas dessas práticas com o intuito de descrever as confissões realizadas durante as reuniões da instituição. Os VP representam um novo tipo de instituição na modernidade tardia. Em sua prática corretiva, apontam para processos mais sutis de institucionalização da norma. A dissertação, por último, pode contribuir para a compreensão dos temas relacionados ao corpo e à obesidade no âmbito das Ciências Sociais.
Abstract: The present work seeks in its objectives to understand the social representations of body, stressing the correctives practices that underlies the weight control and the construction of the overweight body. The research intends to observe the practices, the speeches and the methods of normalization of the body within the "Weight Watchers" (VP), entity devoted above all to the correction of alimentary habits considered not regular. At the same time, the research intends to understand the way in which somebody with overweight represents its body and justifies its adhesion to the practices of weight control. The purpose is to discuss these problems using the Michel Foucault's thought on discipline, normalization and bio-politics. The main concern is to grasp the different ways in late modernity the body became object of powers interventions and subjective investment. The research also intends to describe and to analyze the VP daily practices. To accomplish that, will be made direct observations of VP daily practices and the confessions emerged within the VP meetings as well. VP is a type of institution that encompasses the emergency of new modernity configuration in the body corrections practices. The dissertation intends lastly to understand the studies related to body and obesity, in the knowledge realm of Social Sciences.
Mestre
Hoffmann, Beatriz Motta. "Parametrização e validação de um modelo de estimativas das exigências e do desempenho de gado de corte." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11139/tde-12062007-104908/.
Full textAlthough simulation models to estimate the nutritional requirements and the performance of beef cattle exist (e.g. National Research Council NRC, 1996), these have been developed mostly for temperate conditions and European cattle. There are no update publications with information on nutritional requirements and feeding recommendations for ruminants. The objective of this study was to parametrize and then validate a model based on the California net energy system, and incorporate recent results of research with Bos indicus (mostly Nellore) cattle and tropical feeds. After the inclusion of new equations (e.g. for feed intake) and new equation parameters, the resulting model was evaluated in two manners: first using independent experimental results and, later using results obtained in commercial feedlots of Brazil (from the central region). The accuracy and the precision of the model were tested getting the model predicted dry matter intake (DMI) and shrunk daily weight gain (SDWG) and comparing these with observed values. Linear regressions between predicted and observed values and the residues of predicted less observed were plotted and described as a function of certain variables. The model predicted DMI and SDWG in experimental situations with R2 of 67,9 and 48,7%, respectively. For the regression analysis of DMI from commercial feedlots results the R2 were of 85,0 and 74,0% for crossbred and Nellore bulls, respectively. However for steers the model predictions were less efficient with R2 of 62,4% for crossbred. The lower efficiency of these predictions seems to be associated to large variability in frame score and the intensity of the compensatory growth, since these variables were not adequately described in our data. A better description of the animals may improve the potential of the model to estimate gain and feed intake. Additionally, the orts were not collected, and this may suggest that the observed DMI were not in fact the real DMI. In the prediction of gains in commercial feedlots, the model tended to overestimate probably because these predictions were calculated from the observed DMI, which do not incorporate the orts. The model did not estimate well the long-term performance of animals which grew slower and had to be fed longer. These animals tend to gain less weight and deposit more fat. This can be explained because compensatory growth is a short-term event, and animals fed longer do not express compensatory growth during the second half of the feeding period. This suggests that the simulation must be made in two stages. The lower efficiency of the predictions for commercial data seems to be related to the imperfections in the description of compensatory growth, in the evaluation of frame size and in not accounting of the orts on the feeders.
Hudrlíková, Lenka. "Kompozitní indikátory: konstrukce, využití, interpretace." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191786.
Full textBarbusci, Luciana de Oliveira Domingos. "Influência da conformação corpórea e da freqüência cardíaca nos parâmetros ecodopplercardiográficos em cães das raças Teckel e Labrador Retriever." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-06082007-173054/.
Full textEcocardiography is the study of the heart and great vessels through ultrasounds that allows qualitative and quantitative cardiovascular evaluation. The objective of this work was to suggest mode-M and Doppler echocardiographic parameters for Teckel and Labrador Retriever dogs and to evaluate the influence of body conformation and heart rate in these parameters. A total of 16 Teckel dogs, 4 males and 12 females, from 2 to 7 years in age, bodyweighting from 5 to 10 kg and 16 Labrador Retriever dogs, 5 males and 11 females, from 2 to 7 years in age, bodyweighting from 25 to 42 kg, without any cardiovascular disease (verified by means of anamnese, physical exams, radiography, electrocardiography and arterial blood pressure measurement previously) were used. By the body and conformation size mensurations and echocardiographic evaluation, it was possible to obtain M mode and Doppler reference values and correlated them with heart rate and body size measurements. The heart rate correlated with the ventricular filling time in both of breeds. Animal height was the parameter that most correlated to the ecodopplercardiographic parameters in Teckel dogs and body weight, body surface area and animal lenght were the indices that most correlated to Labrador dogs.
Cao, Feishu. "Caractérisation de l'hydrophobie des polymères extracellulaires (PEC) extrait de biofilms : une étude basée sur la technique de la résine DAX-8." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1048/document.
Full textThe hydrophobic properties of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) exert a profound influence on the cell surface properties. However, many factors such as EPS extractions methods, substrate type influence EPS characteristics, and limited information regarding to the hydrophobic features of EPS can be found. The main aim of this study is to develop a proper method to study EPS hydrophobicity, and then investigate the hydrophobic features of EPS.The hydrophobic fractionation by Supelite™ DAX-8 resin was first applied on the EPS extracted from anaerobic granular sludge, two elution pH conditions i.e. pH 2 and 5 were tested. The impact of seven EPS extraction methods on the hydrophobic features of EPS was assessed. The results showed that the extraction methods and bulk solution pH dramatically influenced the EPS composition and their hydrophobicity. Besides, the EPS extracting reagents namely formaldehyde, ethanol, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and Tween 20 not only introduced extra carbon content during total organic carbon (TOC) measurement, but also interacted with the DAX-8 resin. By comparing the apparent molecular weight (aMW) distribution of the untreated and pH-adjusted EPS samples detected by size exclusion chromatography, more complete EPS aMW information was preserved at pH 5. Thus, the hydrophobic fractionation by DAX-8 resin at pH 5 and physical EPS extraction methods were preferred in this study.After identifying the proper conditions for DAX-8 resin fractionation, detailed qualitative analysis of the EPS hydrophobic features was further investigated. The results showed that the humic-like substances (HS-like) were the major organic constituent of the EPS extracted from the anaerobic granular sludge, and they were also the main molecular support of the EPS hydrophobicity. Those hydrophobic HS-like compounds were mainly small molecules ranging from 8 kDa to <1 kDa. Proteins (PN) and polysaccharides (PS) contributed to the EPS hydrophobicity to a lesser extent.The role of PN and PS in the EPS hydrophobicity was difficult to be shown. It is known that the major organic constituents of the EPS extracted from bacteria, algae and fungi are PN and PS. Therefore, to explore the hydrophobic features of PN and PS, as well as to investigate the impact of Ni(II) addition, on the EPS hydrophobicity, the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was chosen. The results showed that the contents of PN and PS in the extracted fungal EPS varied with the Ni(II) concentration. With an increase in the Ni concentration from 0 mg/L to 25 mg/L, the PN content was decreased whereas the PS content was increased. The fungal EPS hydrophobicity, determined by the DAX-8 resin treatment, was decreased as the Ni concentration increased.Besides, the peak intensity on the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) corresponding to the PN-like molecules (Ex/Em = 225/345 nm) ranging from 1.9×103 to 10 kDa were intensified by the Ni addition, while the aMW distribution of the total organics (UV/210) in the EPS remained almost stable. These results indicated that those PN-like compounds may determine the hydrophobicity of fungal EPS under stress conditions.For the more heterogeneous EPS extracted from anaerobic granular sludge, HS-like compounds were identified as the major organic component, as well as the main molecular support of the EPS hydrophobicity. By studying the hydrophobic features of the EPS extracted from the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, it showed that the PN and PS in the EPS played an active role in protecting the fungus under Ni stress. The increased Ni concentration decreased the hydrophobicity of fungal EPS, but it increased the cell surface hydrophobicity of the fungus. It seems that the presence of Ni promoted the fungus becoming more hydrophobic
Camargo, Tatiana Souza de. "O governo dos excessos : uma análise das práticas de prevenção e controle do excesso de peso realizadas por profissionais da Atenção Básica à Saúde, em Porto Alegre/RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/40489.
Full textIn the past decade, Brazil topped the consumption of diet drugs per capita, and also in 2009, was the country that held the largest number of liposuctions. Prompted by these surprising and worrying Brazilian data, this doctoral thesis sought to think about the topic of weight loss, nutrition and care of self in their relations with the constitution of the body. Initially, I present the perception that, nowadays, functions the dispositive of the culture of aversion to fat, that is, a heterogeneous network of strategically targeted elements for the government of bodies, in order to prevent and control overweight. Based on the understanding that the discourses from Health Sciences, somehow, seem to be involved in the arrangements of the dispositive of the culture of aversion to fat, I looked for investigate how the professional teams of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) through their practices for prevention and control of overweight, are associated with such dispositive. For this, I performed a research using ethnographic tools in some practices of health promotion carried out by professionals from a Health Unit (HU). I followed the meetings of a group of weight loss and the activities related to the School Health Program conducted by these professionals in an Elementary School enrolled in this HU territory. In addition to the feld notebook built through participant observation of the practices mentioned above, the analysis also included some Brazilian offcial documents - Food Guide for the Brazilian Population, Operational Manual for Health and Education Professionals, Science in School Today - provided as theoretical and/or didactical support for health promotion practices formulated and carried out by FHS team. From this analysis, I point out that - through its focused approach in the prevention of disease, pathologisation of overweight, the use of surveillance techniques and the teaching self-control technologies - the professionals of the HU accompanied, by enrolling their health promotion practices in the dispositive of the culture of aversion to fat, ended up reinforcing the stigmatization of overweight, and perhaps exacerbating feelings of worthlessness and body dissatisfaction experienced by some participants. I understand that the movement to think and discuss the stigma of excess weight is necessary, especially for public health professionals involved in the formulation of offcial documents, activities, training and implementation of health promotion practices. In order that the practices of health promotion, conducted by professionals from FHS can contribute to the discussion of health and aesthetic standards of today; that do not reinforce the stigmatization of overweight; and that bring contributions which enable that care food, engaging in physical activity, among other attitudes of habits changing, could be experienced as multiple potentials activities – and not only as an effort of adaption to the aesthetic/medical standard of the lean/healthy body.
Quadros, Andreza Urba de. "Novo método de avaliação da incapacidade articular na artrite experimental: investigação do papel das células da glia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17133/tde-25052018-155256/.
Full textA good experimental model must rely on effective methods of evaluation of its parameters. This is an important observation when it is necessary to evaluate the articular nociception and disability in experimental animals. Establishing new criteria to test animals is essential for inflammatory joint can continue being studied, understood and resolved. Seeking help in this sense, this work constitutes a test dynamic weight bearing (DWB) standardization for assessment of articular incapacitation in experimental models of arthritis. The results show that the DWB is sensitive in assessing the impairment models articular antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) or zimosana. Furthermore is predictive for studying the pharmacological effects of drugs that interfere with articular incapacitation as antiinflammatory or analgesic. Since the early 90s, when participation of glial cells in pain was described, several studies have emerged showing its role in different animal models. The involvement of glial cells in the spinal pain and disability in experimental models of arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis have been reported, but no description of this contribution versus time of induction of joint inflammation. Through molecular and pharmacological tools, this work shows that the glial cells, both as the spinal dorsal root ganglio are participating in the genesis and maintenance of inflammatory joint incapacitation in AIA model. The participation of these cells occurs through the release of IL-1? and TNF? in the spinal cord and the first time it is shown that astrocytic activation appears to precede the microglial activation in this model.
Pereira, Junior Wolney Alvim. "Desempenho e viabilidade econômica da suplementação proteica de novilhos de corte em pasto no período das águas e transição águas-seca." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5978.
Full textThe objective of this experiment was to evaluate performance and economic viability of protein supplementation of grazing beef cattle in the dry-wet transition season. Eight non-castrated Nellore steers with body weight in fasting of 371±11.3 kg were used in the experiment. The experimental treatments were the following: MS Mineral supplement; PMS 20% FS Protein mineral supplementation with 20% CP composed of corn, soybean meal, urea and mineral mixture with daily average intake of 410 g/animal; PMS 40% UR protein mineral supplementation with 40% of CP, composed of corn, urea and mineral mixture with average daily intake of 223 g/animal; and PMS 40% UP Protein Mineral Supplementation with 40% of CP, composed of corn, urea, protect urea and mineral mixture with daily average intake of 236 g/animal. It was used a complete random design with 20 replicates per treatment and the test of Tuckey in the statistical analysis of the data. There was a difference in the results (P<0.05) of PMS 40% UP compared with MS with daily average gains of 1.06 kg/animal for PMS 40% UP and 0.95 kg/animal for MS, respectively. There were no differences in the daily average gain (DAG) (P>0.05) between PMS 40% UP, PMS40% UR and PMS 20% FS. There was difference (P<0.10) in the fat accumulation rate in longissimus dorsi muscle in the treatment PMS 40% UP, which presented 0.018 mm of fat accumulation/day in relation to the treatment PMS 40% UR, which presented 0.011 mm of fat accumulation/day. Fat accumulation rate in longissimus dorsi did not differ (P>0.10) among treatments PMS 40% UP, PMS 20% FS and MS. It was not found any effect (P>0.10) on any of the treatments on fat accumulation rate in the rump region (FARP8). All treatments presented a positive net margin. The best net margin was observed for treatment PMS 40% UP, that is, R$123.92 per animal/period, whereas the smallest was observed in treatment PMS 20% FS, that is, R$98.91 per animal/period. The greatest differential of net margin in relation to treatment MS was found in treatment PMS 40% UP, R$9.29 per animal/period or 8,1% of additional revenue. When simulating pasture production integration with confinement system, it was found that supplements PM and PMS 20% did not reduce permanence time of animals in confinement. Animals supplemented with PMS 40% UR can reduce confinement period by two days, saving R$9.60, whereas those supplemented with PMS 40% UP can reduce condiment period by five days saving R$24.00.
Neste experimento, o objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho e viabilidade econômica da suplementação proteica de bovinos de corte em pasto no período das águas e transição águas-seca. Foram utilizados 80 novilhos Nelore não castrados, com média de peso corporal em jejum de 371±11,3 kg. Os tratamentos experimentais foram: SM Suplemento Mineral; SMP 20% FS Suplementação Mineral Proteica com 20% de PB, composta de milho, farelo de soja, ureia e mistura mineral, com ingestão média diária de 410 g/animal; SMP 40% UR Suplementação Mineral Proteica com 40% de PB, composta de milho, ureia e mistura mineral, com ingestão média diária de 223 g/animal; e SMP 40% UP Suplementação Mineral Proteica com 40% de PB, composta de milho, ureia, ureia protegida e mistura mineral, com ingestão média diária de 236 g/animal. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 20 repetições por tratamento. Empregou-se o teste de Tukey na análise estatística dos dados. Houve diferença nos resultados (P<0,05) do SMP 40% UP, comparado com o SM, com ganhos médios diários de 1,06 kg/animal para SMP 40% UP e 0,95 kg/animal para SM. Não ocorreu diferença no ganho médio diário (GMD) (P>0,05) entre SMP 40% UP, SMP 40% UR e SMP 20% FS. Houve diferença (P<0,10) na taxa de acúmulo de gordura no músculo Longissimus dorsi (TAEGLD) no tratamento SMP 40% UP, que apresentou 0,018 mm de acúmulo de gordura/dia em relação ao tratamento SMP 40% UR, que teve 0,011 mm de acúmulo de gordura/dia. A taxa de acúmulo de gordura no músculo Longissimus dorsi (TAEGLD) não diferiu (P>0,10) entre os tratamentos SMP 40% UP, SMP 20% FS e SM. Não houve efeito (P>0,10) em nenhum dos tratamentos sobre a taxa de acúmulo de gordura na região da garupa (TAGP8). Todos os tratamentos apresentaram margem líquida positiva. A melhor margem líquida foi observada no tratamento SMP 40% UP, ou seja, R$123,92 por animal/período, enquanto a menor, no tratamento SMP 20% FS, ou seja, R$98,91 por animal/período. O maior diferencial de margem líquida em relação ao tratamento SM foi verificado no tratamento SMP 40% UP, R$9,29 por animal/período ou 8,1% de receita adicional. Na simulação de integração de produção em pasto com o sistema de confinamento, observou-se que os suplementos SM e SMP 20% FS não reduziram o tempo de permanência dos animais no confinamento. Os animais suplementados com SMP 40% UR podem diminuir o tempo de confinamento em dois dias, com economia de R$9,60, enquanto aqueles suplementados com SMP 40% UP, reduzir o tempo de confinamento em cinco dias, com economia de R$24,00.
Tristram, Hildegard L. C. "Wie weit sind die inselkeltischen Sprachen (und das Englische) analytisiert?" Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4125/.
Full textI discuss the joint shift of the Insular Celtic languages and of the English language from, typologically speaking, predominantly synthetic languages c. 1500 years ago to predominantly analytical languages today. The demise of the inflectional morphology is most advanced in Present Day English. Welsh follows suit. Then come Breton and Irish. Intensive linguistic interaction across the boundaries of the Germanic and the Insular Celtic languages are proposed to have been instrumental for this type of linguistic convergence.
Lima, Gilson José de. "Avaliação do desenvolvimento pondero-estatural em pacientes pediátricos submetidos a transplante renal no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17137/tde-07012016-104855/.
Full textIntroduction: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the pediatric age range is still unknown. The treatment of choice is a renal transplant, regardless of age. The main objectives of treatment are the maintenance of physical, neurological and skeletal development, the prevention of renal osteodystrophy, and appropriate sexual and endocrine function maturation. The growth deficit is related to the age at onset of renal failure and is due to energy-calorie malnutrition, to renal osteodystrophy and to corticoid use, in addition to the deleterious effects of anemia, uremia and of resistance to growth hormone. Additional patient-related causes are intrauterine growth retardation and congenital malformations. Objectives: to assess the weight-height development of pediatric patients submitted to renal transplantation at the University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (HC FMRP-USP). Patients: The medical records of pediatric patients submitted to renal transplantation at HC FMRP-USP were reviewed and weight-height development was analyzed by comparing the zscores for height for age and body mass index (BMI) for age during follow-up. The variables analyzed were: sex, age range, use of Basiliximab, having undergone dialysis or not, type of transplant performed (cadaver donor or related live donor), arterial hypertension, and maintenance dose of prednisone. Results: it was possible to assess the data of 31 patients, 10 girls and 21 boys. A significant weight gain (p<0.0001) and height (p<0.0001) occurred over time but none of the variables analyzed showed a statistically significant difference. There was a significant interaction between age range and BMI, between the use of Basiliximab and age range and between the prednisone dose used and height evolution. Height was below the standard mean value throughout follow-up and no patient reached the expected final height. BMI was below the standard mean value at the time of transplantation, but recovered after the first year and remained stable at a value of about 0. Conclusions: renal failure during childhood compromises the weight-height development of affected patients.
Weigel, Stephanie [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Döllinger. "Das Hemilarynxmodell: Reproduzierbarkeit der Stimmlippenbewegung und Bestimmung der Materialeigenschaften von Stimmlippen / Stephanie Weigel. Betreuer: Michael Döllinger." Erlangen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022931520/34.
Full textJÃnior, Francisco Ranulfo Freitas Martins. "A teoria aliada a experimentaÃÃo na abordagem das leis ponderais da matÃria para a promoÃÃo de aprendizagem significativa no ensino mÃdio." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7496.
Full textA QuÃmica à uma ciÃncia que se caracteriza por estudar os aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos da matÃria, tais como: a constituiÃÃo, a estrutura, as transformaÃÃes e a energia envolvida nas transformaÃÃes. Tal estudo se inicia com a temÃtica das leis ponderais da matÃria, que sÃo a base da QuÃmica como ciÃncia. Buscou-se trabalhar tal temÃtica com diferentes metodologias, aliando a teoria com a experimentaÃÃo no Ensino MÃdio em busca da obtenÃÃo de aprendizagem significativa, em seguida uma pesquisa de campo foi realizada com a utilizaÃÃo de testes e questionÃrios a 6 turmas de 1 ano do Ensino MÃdio regular, com uma mÃdia de 30 alunos por turma, de duas escolas de Fortaleza. AtravÃs da coleta de dados dos testes e questionÃrios, foram analisados os resultados numa perspectiva da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de David Ausubel. Ao final da pesquisa ficou evidente que os alunos anseiam por uma educaÃÃo que realmente promova aprendizagem, tal aprendizagem tende a ocorrer ao serem utilizadas diferentes metodologias de estudo, (teoria aliada a experimentaÃÃo no caso) sem que haja hierarquia entre elas, para que o aluno tenha mais de uma opÃÃo de aprendizagem. Do presente trabalho foi extraÃdo um produto educacional, um caderno temÃtico acerca das leis ponderais da matÃria, que tem por objetivo dar um apoio a prÃtica docente dos educadores em QuÃmica, na temÃtica das leis ponderais da matÃria.
Chemistry is a science that is characterized by studying the qualitative and quantitative aspects of matter, such as the establishment, structure, transformations, and energy involved in the transformations. This study begins with the topic of weight laws of matter, which are the foundation of Chemistry a science. It tried to work this theme if with different methodologies, combine theory with experiment in high school in search of obtaining meaningful learning, then a field survey was conducted with the use of tests and questionnaires to six classes in 1st year high school medium regular whit an average of 30 students per class, two schools in Fortaleza. By collecting data from tests and questionnaires, the results were analyzed from the perspective of learning theory of David Ausubel significant. At the end of the study if became evident that students yearn for an education that actually promote learning, such learning tends to occur when user different study methodologies, (theory combined experiment in the case) without any hierarchy between them, so that the student have more than one learning option. Of this study was extracted from an education product, a special issue on the laws of matter by weight, which aims to support the practice of teacher educators Chemistry at the thematic weight of the laws of matter.
Maiorano, Amanda Marchi. "Análise genética da espessura do couro, do crescimento pós desmama e das resistências ao carrapato e à babesiose em bovinos de corte /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124066.
Full textBanca: Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
Banca: Joslaine Noely dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo
Resumo: Estudos recentes sobre mecanismos de resistência dos bovinos aos carrapatos são raros, justificando a necessidade de novos estudos. O couro dos animais é um dos habitats do carrapato, e algumas características do mesmo podem propiciar condições mais ou menos favoráveis para a fixação e desenvolvimento das larvas. O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar parâmetros genéticos para as características espessura do couro (EC) e ganho de peso pós desmama (GPD550) em bovinos Nelore, e verificar as associações de espessura do couro, resistência aos carrapatos e nível de parasitemia por Babesia bovis em fêmeas, Caracu e Nelore, infestadas artificialmente. O banco de dados do programa de melhoramento genético Nelore Qualitas foi utilizado para estimação da herdabilidade das características EC e GPD550 assim como na verificação da associação genética. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados por análise bayesiana com uso de modelo multivariado. Outra etapa do projeto foi conduzida com uso de 20 novilhas Nelore e 20 novilhas Caracu, provenientes do Centro de Pesquisa em Pecuária de Corte do Instituto de Zootecnia de forma a possibilitar a verificação da associação da resistência ao carrapato com nível de parasitemia por B. bovis e espessura do couro. As novilhas foram submetidas a três (3) infestações artificiais de carrapatos, em intervalos de 14 dias. A EC foi medida na região posterior à escápula dos animais com uso de paquímetro. Foram realizadas contagens de fêmeas ingurgitadas no intervalo entre o 19º e 23º dia após a infestação e colheitas de sangue no 1o, 7o, 21o, 35o e 49o dia do experimento. As amostras de sangue foram utilizadas para avaliar o nível de parasitemia por B. bovis por meio de reações de PCR quantitativo (qPCR). Análises estatísticas foram executadas com o procedimento MIXED do programa SAS. As estimativas de herdabilidade (h²) das características EC e GPD550 foram...
Abstract: Recent studies about mechanisms of resistance to the tick are rare in cattle, justifying the need for further research. The hide of the animals is one of the tick habitats and some hide features can provide favorable conditions for the establishment and development larval. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the skin thickness (ST) and post weaning weight gain (PWG550) of Nellore cattle, and to verify the relationship among skin thickness, tick resistance and parasitaemia level by Babesia bovis in heifers, Caracu and Nellore, that it were artificially infested with ticks. The database of the Nellore Qualitas breeding program was used to estimate the heritability of the ST and PWG550 traits and to verify the genetic association among these traits. Genetics parameters were estimated by bayesian analysis with a multivariate model. Another project phase was developed with 20 Nellore heifers and 20 Caracu heifers, belonging to the Instituto de Zootecnia, in order to allow the study the association of the resistance to tick with parasitaemia level by B. bovis and skin thickness. Heifers were submitted to three (3) ticks' artificial infestations, with 14 days interval. ST was measured in the mid-side area of animals with a double caliper. Engorged females counts were performed in the range of 19th and 23th days after infestation. Blood samples were collected on the 1st, 7th, 21th, 35th and 49th day of the experiment. Blood samples were used to evaluate the parasitaemia level by B. bovis, by quantitative PCR (qPCR) method. Statistical analysis were performed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Estimates heritability (h²) of the ST and PWG550 traits were 0.12 and 0.29, respectively. Correlation coefficient among the EC and GPD550 traits was 0.17. Nellore showed lower amount of ticks in artificial infestations, however, both groups were efficient to control the B. bovis parasitaemia. The skin thickness group effect was ...
Mestre
Maiorano, Amanda Marchi [UNESP]. "Análise genética da espessura do couro, do crescimento pós desmama e das resistências ao carrapato e à babesiose em bovinos de corte." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/124066.
Full textEstudos recentes sobre mecanismos de resistência dos bovinos aos carrapatos são raros, justificando a necessidade de novos estudos. O couro dos animais é um dos habitats do carrapato, e algumas características do mesmo podem propiciar condições mais ou menos favoráveis para a fixação e desenvolvimento das larvas. O objetivo do trabalho foi estimar parâmetros genéticos para as características espessura do couro (EC) e ganho de peso pós desmama (GPD550) em bovinos Nelore, e verificar as associações de espessura do couro, resistência aos carrapatos e nível de parasitemia por Babesia bovis em fêmeas, Caracu e Nelore, infestadas artificialmente. O banco de dados do programa de melhoramento genético Nelore Qualitas foi utilizado para estimação da herdabilidade das características EC e GPD550 assim como na verificação da associação genética. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados por análise bayesiana com uso de modelo multivariado. Outra etapa do projeto foi conduzida com uso de 20 novilhas Nelore e 20 novilhas Caracu, provenientes do Centro de Pesquisa em Pecuária de Corte do Instituto de Zootecnia de forma a possibilitar a verificação da associação da resistência ao carrapato com nível de parasitemia por B. bovis e espessura do couro. As novilhas foram submetidas a três (3) infestações artificiais de carrapatos, em intervalos de 14 dias. A EC foi medida na região posterior à escápula dos animais com uso de paquímetro. Foram realizadas contagens de fêmeas ingurgitadas no intervalo entre o 19º e 23º dia após a infestação e colheitas de sangue no 1o, 7o, 21o, 35o e 49o dia do experimento. As amostras de sangue foram utilizadas para avaliar o nível de parasitemia por B. bovis por meio de reações de PCR quantitativo (qPCR). Análises estatísticas foram executadas com o procedimento MIXED do programa SAS. As estimativas de herdabilidade (h²) das características EC e GPD550 foram ...
Recent studies about mechanisms of resistance to the tick are rare in cattle, justifying the need for further research. The hide of the animals is one of the tick habitats and some hide features can provide favorable conditions for the establishment and development larval. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for the skin thickness (ST) and post weaning weight gain (PWG550) of Nellore cattle, and to verify the relationship among skin thickness, tick resistance and parasitaemia level by Babesia bovis in heifers, Caracu and Nellore, that it were artificially infested with ticks. The database of the Nellore Qualitas breeding program was used to estimate the heritability of the ST and PWG550 traits and to verify the genetic association among these traits. Genetics parameters were estimated by bayesian analysis with a multivariate model. Another project phase was developed with 20 Nellore heifers and 20 Caracu heifers, belonging to the Instituto de Zootecnia, in order to allow the study the association of the resistance to tick with parasitaemia level by B. bovis and skin thickness. Heifers were submitted to three (3) ticks' artificial infestations, with 14 days interval. ST was measured in the mid-side area of animals with a double caliper. Engorged females counts were performed in the range of 19th and 23th days after infestation. Blood samples were collected on the 1st, 7th, 21th, 35th and 49th day of the experiment. Blood samples were used to evaluate the parasitaemia level by B. bovis, by quantitative PCR (qPCR) method. Statistical analysis were performed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Estimates heritability (h²) of the ST and PWG550 traits were 0.12 and 0.29, respectively. Correlation coefficient among the EC and GPD550 traits was 0.17. Nellore showed lower amount of ticks in artificial infestations, however, both groups were efficient to control the B. bovis parasitaemia. The skin thickness group effect was ...
PEREIRA, NETO João Batista. "Avaliação das comunidades planctônicas e bentônicas de microalgas em viveiros de camarão (Litopenaeus vannamei)." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2006. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6340.
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The present study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of planktonic and benthic communities of microalgae, and establish relationships with the hydrological variables, management practices and the production data of the shrimp ponds. During one year, three Litopenaeus vannamei ponds and the affluent channel were analyzed by taking phytoplankton and benthos samples twice a week. In the ponds were recorded informations about the hydrological variables (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and salinity), climatic (precipitation), culture management (fertilization data) and the production data (culture time, final weight, weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio and productivity). The density, abundance and occurrence frequency were used as parameters to evaluate the microalgae community. The Cyanobacteria dominated the plankton in all cycles, reaching the relative abundance of 80%, being the Pseudoanabaena genus the main responsible for this domination. In the benthos, the diatoms dominated with abundance over 85%. The phytoplankton reached higher densities in the ponds, whereas thephytobenthos was dominant in the affluent channel. A positive relation between the benthos diatoms and the shrimps´ growth was observed.
O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a dinâmica das comunidades planctônica e bentônica de microalgas, procurando estabelecer relações com as variáveis hidrológicas, o manejo e os dados de produção dos viveiros de camarão. Acompanharam-se durante um ano (set/2005 – set/2006) três viveiros de cultivo do camarão marinho (Litopenaeus vannamei) e o canal de abastecimento, nos quais se coletaram quinzenalmente amostras de fitoplâncton e fitobentos. Nos viveiros foram registradas informações sobre as variáveis hidrológicas (temperatura, pH, oxigênio dissolvido e salinidade), climáticas (precipitação pluviométrica), de manejo (data de fertilização) e dados de produção dos cultivos (tempo de cultivo, peso final, ganho de peso, sobrevivência, conversão alimentar e produtividade). Utilizaram-se a densidade, a abundância e a freqüência de ocorrência como parâmetros de avaliação das microalgas. As cianobactérias dominaram o plâncton em todos os ciclos, atingindo abundância relativa superiores a 80%, sendo o gênero Pseudoanabaena o principal responsável por essa dominância. No bentos as diatomáceas dominaramcom abundância acima de 85%. O fitoplâncton obteve maiores densidades nos viveiros e o fitobentos no canal de abastecimento. Foi observada uma relação positiva das diatomáceas do bentos com o crescimento dos camarões.
Terra, Guilherme Teixeira Coelho. "Aplicação das imagens de ressonância magnética convencionais e ponderadas por difusão no diagnóstico de alterações das glândulas salivares maiores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23139/tde-10062017-111546/.
Full textAlterations of the salivary glands are usually detected by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. However, their imaging presentation may present similar aspects. The aim of this study was to compare apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) among normal salivary glands, cases with sialadenitis and with pleomorphic adenoma of major salivary glands. Twenty-two patients (totaling 44 major salivary glands) diagnosed with either unilateral sialadenitis (on either parotid or submandibular gland) or parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma were selected. Contralateral non-affected glands (normal) were also analyzed. DWI images were achieved using a spin-echo (SE) pulse sequence with a 1.5T MRI device. Mean ADC values were compared among the three groups analyzed (contralateral normal glands, sialadenitis and pleomorphic adenoma). Furthermore, diagnostic performance of MRI and DWI were calculated for three observers. DWI also presented better diagnostic performance results. In addition, cases of pleomorphic adenoma presented the highest ADC values of the study. Within the limitations of this study, the present results suggest that DWI allows for differentiation between parotid sialadenitis and pleomorphic adenoma.
Verdi, Cezar Augusto. "Implicações das estratégias de seleção na obtenção de genótipos superiores de aveia branca." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3418.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Aveia branca é uma cultura de particular importância para a os sistemas de cultivos brasileiros, com maior importância econômica na Região Sul. Entre os múltiplos propósitos, destaca-se na produção de grãos de excelente qualidade para a alimentação humana. Constantes trabalhos de melhoramento genético e pesquisas fitotécnicas, tem possibilitado o crescimento da importância desse cereal. Os maiores desafios para o melhoramento são o desenvolvimento de cultivares com ampla adaptação, que respondam eficientemente em diferentes ambientes. A seleção de genótipos promissores encontra dificuldades pela origem dita complexa da maioria dos caracteres de interesse agronômico e sua interação com o ambiente de seleção. Com isso, algumas estratégias diferenciadas devem ser analisadas visando melhorar o ganho na seleção de genótipos superiores para diversos caracteres, bem como, a seleção de genótipos com adaptação aos mais variados ambientes. Este estudo propõe analisar estratégias de seleção aplicadas em geração inicial e a influência promovida por diferentes ambientes de seleção, na obtenção de genótipos com destaque no rendimento de grãos e qualidade industrial. Foram utilizadas seis combinações que sofreram seleção inicial (F2) quanto ao rendimento de grãos por planta, índice de grãos maior que dois milímetros e massa da panícula. Formou-se 24 bulks, os quais foram conduzidos durante três anos em Capão do Leão – RS e Augusto Pestana – RS. Posteriormente na geração F7 todos os bulks foram conduzidos em Capão do Leão – RS, totalizando assim 48 bulks, além dos genitores e testemunhas comerciais. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados com três repetições. As seleções via massa da panícula principal e rendimento de grãos por planta são eficientes, mas devem combinar o índice de grãos, para elevar a qualidade industrial. Genótipos complementares são mais eficientes na obtenção de recombinantes superiores independentemente do ambiente de seleção. Os caracteres massa da panícula e massa do hectolitro são promissores para a seleção inicial, porém, devem ser aliados ao índice de grãos, índice de descasque e número de grãos por panícula para melhorar a aptidão industrial.
Oat is a culture of particular importance to the Brazilian farming systems, with greater economic importance in the southern region. Among the multiple purposes, stands out in the production of excellent quality grain for human consumption. Constants works of breeding and phytotechnical research has enabled the growth of the importance of this cereal. The greatest challenges are to improve the development of cultivars with wide adaptation, which efficiently respond in different environments. The selection of promising genotypes is difficult by the complex said source of most agronomically important traits and their interaction with the selection environment. With this, some different strategies should be analyzed to improve the gain in the selection of superior genotypes for various characters, as well as the selection of genotypes with adaptation to the most varied environments. This study proposes to analyze selection strategies applied in early generation and the influence promoted by different selection environments in obtaining genotypes with emphasis on grain yield and industrial quality. Six combinations were used that have undergone initial selection (F2) and grain yield per plant, grain index greater than two millimeters and panicle weight. Formed 24 bulks, which were conducted for three years in Capão do Leão - RS and Augusto Pestana - RS. Later in the generation F7 all bulks were conducted in Capão do Leão - RS, totaling 48 bulks, in addition to parents and commercial checks. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. The selections via panicle weight and grain yield per plant are efficient, but must match the grain index, to raise industrial quality. Complementary genotypes are more effective in achieving superior recombinant regardless of selection environment. The mass character of panicle and mass of hectoliter are promising for the initial selection, however, must be coupled with the grain index, peel index and number of grains per panicle to improve industrial capability.
Pinheiro, Maciel. "Argumentos a favor do peso do ar: o experimento barométrico de Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13290.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The aim of this dissertation is to approach several arguments by Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647) for the weight of air being the cause that explains the effects observed in his barometric experiment. To this end, we analyse a letter by Torricelli to Michelangelo Ricci (1619-1682) dated the 11th of June of 1644, which reports the experiment. The analysis revealed that, in order to understand Torricelli s interpretation of the experiment, we must take into account the intellectual context of that time. At first sight the experiment seems only to point to the evidence that vacuum can be generated in nature, since the phenomenon can be attributed to the weight of air. However, it reveals other aspects that were very important to the origins of modern science
Esta dissertação tem por finalidade abordar alguns argumentos apresentados por Evangelista Torricelli (1608-1647) a favor do peso do ar como causa para explicar os efeitos observados em seu experimento barométrico. Para tanto, analisamos uma carta encaminhada por Torricelli a Michelangelo Riccci (1619-1682) em 11 de junho de 1644 em que o experimento é relatado. A análise nos revelou que para compreender a interpretação dada por Torricelli ao experimento é preciso considerar o contexto intelectual daquela época. O experimento que, à primeira vista parece apenas apontar para a evidência de que era possível produzir vácuo na natureza, visto que o fenômeno poderia ser atribuído ao peso do ar, revela outros aspectos que foram importantes na origem da ciência moderna
Hernandez, Alessandra Rivero. "Tendência das taxas de mortalidade infantil e de seus fatores de risco um estudo de série temporal no sul do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/30975.
Full textIn recent decades, there has been a significant reduction of infant mortality rates in Brazil and worldwide. Several factors contributed to this reduction such as improved socioeconomic conditions and health care. The aim of this study was to investigate the secular trends of infant mortality rates and evaluate the factors that contributed to its change over time series in Porto Alegre, a medium-sized developed town which is the capital of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. This is a study based on information from the registry of births and infant deaths in the period from 1996 to 2008 which were obtained, respectively, from the Information System Live Births (SINASC) and Mortality Information System (SIM). It was analyzed the temporal trend in the number of births and infant, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality rates, overall and according to variables in SINASC (maternal education, maternal age, number of live births and dead, number of prenatal visits, type of delivery, type of hospital, gestational age, birth weight and sex of the newborn). The percentage of annual change, with an confidence interval of 95% was calculated by linear regression using the logarithm of mortality rates. Sequential Poisson regression was used to estimate the influence of socioeconomic status, healthcare variables, maternal variables and variables of the live births in the trend rates of infant, neonatal and post-neonatal mortality. During the period analyzed, there were 265,242 births. The rates of infant, neonatal and post neonatal mortality showed a trend of significant decrease, respectively from 15.8/1,000 live births in 1996 to 9.1/1,000 live births in 2008 (3.7% per year, P<0.001), from 8.7 to 5.9 (3.5% per year, P<0.001) and from 7.1 to 3.0 (4.1% per year, P<0.001). Reducing the infant mortality rate for live births to mothers with less than eight years of schooling occurred due to the reduction of neonatal mortality rate (2.5% per year, P=0.026) and for live births to mothers with eight to eleven years of schooling, due to the reduction of post-neonatal mortality (3.3% per year, P=0.004). Among live births of mothers with twelve or more years of schooling there was no significant change in infant mortality rates. The changes in the maternal variables (biological and social) had greater impact on the declining trend in mortality rates in the period, followed by health care variables (RR=0.979; 95%CI=0.969 to 0.989; P<0.001). The increased level of maternal education was the factor with greatest effect for the decline in infant mortality rates (RR=0.981; 95%CI=0.971 to 0.990; P<0.001). On the other hand, the variables of live births, mainly due to the trend of increased of low birth weight rates, had a negative effect, slowing the trend of reducing mortality in Porto Alegre (RR=0.955; 95%CI=0.946 to 0.963; P<0.001).
Souza, Daiana Almeida de. "Aspectos reprodutivos de rainhas africanizadas (Apis mellifera L.): influência do peso ao nascer no desempenho das colônias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59131/tde-23042010-154811/.
Full textThe queen is the progenitor of all the honey bee colony members. The quality of a queen is determined mainly by factors closely related to her reproductive structure, including weight, egg-laying activity and longevity. We evaluated the influence of adult eclosion weight on the reproductive behavior of naturally mated and instrumentally inseminated Africanized queens, and we monitored the development and productivity of colonies headed by these queens. Twelve colonies of Africanized honey bees were divided into two groups: six colonies with naturally mated queens and six with instrumentally inseminated queens; there were three light queens (<180 mg) and three heavy queens (> 200 mg) in each mating type group; queen weight was recorded immediately after the virgin queens emerged. The virgin queens in the naturally mated queens group were introduced into observation hives, to compare the mating behavior of the light and heavy queens. The other six queens were artificially inseminated with 6 l semen. After the inseminations, all of the artificially inseminated queens were introduced into four standard Langstroth frame nuclei, which were established with similar numbers of bees and brood area. Beginning 20 days after the introduction of these queens, the colonies were evaluated twice per month, by mapping combs to estimate the areas containing eggs, open and closed brood and stored pollen; the viability of the brood was also investigated. We observed the time it took to outgrow the nucleus boxes (three combs plus an internal frame-size feeder); the colonies were then transferred to 10 frame hives (with nine combs and a feeder). We observed that the light queens made more nuptial flights than heavy queens; five of the nine light queens made more than one nuptial flight, whereas only three of the nine heavy queens took more than a nuptial flight, though this difference was not significant. We also observed a one day difference in the age of queen when she made her mating flights; the light queens went on their first mating flights at a mean age of 6.11 ± 1.53 days, while for the heavy queens the mean was 7.09 ± 4.59 days. A similar tendency was observed in the age at which the queens started oviposition, which was 7.77 ± 1.86 days for light queens and 9.88 ± 3.02 days for heavy queens. The two types of queens had similar duration and time of day of nuptial flights. Heavy queens (both artificially and naturally inseminated) produced significantly more eggs (P = 0.117) and more sealed brood (P = 0.003) than did light queens. Brood viability was significantly greater in the colonies headed by heavy queens. Colony expansion was also faster in colonies with heavy queens. It took an average of 24 days less for the heavy-queen colonies to expand to a point that they needed to be transferred from the four-frame nucleus hives to the 10-frame standard hives. Oviposition by the naturally mated queens began earlier (9.31 ± 2.49 days) than by instrumentally inseminated queens (10.43 ± 0.51 days). Naturally mated queens laid significantly more eggs (P = 0.004), although this difference did not affect the rate of colony population expansion. We concluded that the use of instrumental iv insemination of honey bees is a viable methodology for use in bee breeding programs, since we found no differences in development between colonies with artificially versus naturally inseminated queens. We also concluded that queen weight above 200 mg is a useful characteristic to select for in Africanized honey bees.
Xavier, Júnior Antonio Fernando Silva. "Perímetro cefálico de crianças das populações remanescentes dos quilombos do estado de Alagoas, segundo adequação estatural, peso ao nascer e exposição ao aleitamento materno." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/642.
Full textObjetivo: Investigar se o perímetro cefálico de crianças quilombolas com déficit estatural difere daquela observado em crianças com crescimento linear adequado e se o peso insuficiente ao nascer e o aleitamento materno exclusivo no primeiro mês de vida interfere nessa relação. Métodos: Estudo transversal envolvendo todas as crianças de 12 a 60 meses (n=725) pertencentes às comunidades quilombolas (n=39) de Alagoas. Coletaram-se dados demográficos, socioeconômicos, de saúde e antropométricos. Estes foram comparados às curvas do padrão de referência da OMS-2006. As crianças foram categorizadas em 2 grupos conforme a presença ou não da desnutrição (desnutrida/eutrófica), diagnosticada por meio do déficit estatural (estatura-para-idade < - 2,0 desvio-padrão). Cada grupo foi subdivido em 2 sub-grupos conforme o Peso Insuficiente ao Nascer (PIN < 3000g). Finalmente, cada sub-grupo formou duas outras categorias segundo a exposição ou não ao aleitamento materno exclusivo por 30 ou mais dias (mamou/não mamou). Assim, formaram-se oito grupos de estudos, os quais, para a análise estatística, foram expressos como variáveis categóricas ordinais (1 a 8), de modo que o grupo 1 fora formado pelas crianças submetidas às piores condições (desnutridas, com PIN e que não mamaram) e o grupo 8 pelas melhores (eutróficas, com peso adequado ao nascer e que mamaram). A média do perímetro cefálico-para-idade (PC) foi comparada utilizando ANOVA e o teste de Tukey como pos-hoc. Para isso, assumiu-se o grupo 8 como controle. Para investigar os principais fatores de risco associados à ocorrência do déficit de PC (z < -1,5), utilizou-se a análise de regressão logística, mantendo-se no modelo final as variáveis independentes cujas associações apresentaram p<0,05. Resultados: As prevalências de déficits nutricionais para os índices altura-para-idade, peso-para-idade, peso-para-altura e PC foram, respectivamente, 10,8%, 1,9%, 1,3% e 10,5%. O sobrepeso (peso-para-altura > 2 DP) representou 6,4%. As médias de escore Z do perímetro cefálico para os grupos 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 e 8 foram -1,67*, -1,09, -0,97, -0,94, - 1,02, -0,69, -0,68 e -0,53, respectivamente. O grupo 1 foi o único que apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) em relação ao grupo controle, sugerindo um papel protetor do aleitamento materno contra a redução do PC, quando da vigência da desnutrição crônica (expressa pelo déficit estatural) em crianças nascidas com PIN, haja vista que a exposição ao aleitamento materno foi o único diferencial utilizado na formação dos grupos 1 e 2. Na análise multivariada, os fatores que se apresentaram significativamente associados ao déficit de PC foram o déficit estatural, o PIN, o sexo feminino e o aumento da idade cronológica em um 1 mês, as quais, elevaram as chances de ocorrência desse desfecho em, respectivamente, 119%, 77%, 63% e 2%. O aumento do tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo em um mês, reduziram essas chances em 10%. Conclusões: As crianças que apresentam baixa estatura, nascem com peso insuficiente e que não foram expostas ao aleitamento materno exclusivo por pelo menos 1 mês apresentam menores valores de perímetro cefálico, quando comparadas a crianças não submetidas a esses estresses. Nesse contexto, a exposição ao aleitamento materno exclusivo por 30 ou mais dias constitui-se num importante fator de proteção, no sentido de preservar o crescimento do perímetro cefálico e possivelmente, do sistema nervoso central. Apesar de tratar-se de uma população dita tradicional, o tempo médio de aleitamento materno exclusivo ficou aquém do preconizado pela OMS. Diante desses resultados, sugere-se maiores investimentos no sentido de aumentar entre as crianças quilombolas de Alagoas, o período de exposição ao aleitamento materno exclusivo.
Campos, Sandro Xavier de. "Influência das substâncias húmicas de diferentes massas molares na coagulação, floculação e sedimentação no tratamento de água." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-09052016-113048/.
Full textThe present thesis deals with the influence of humic substances (HS) on coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation tests for water treatment. These substances were extracted from peat, had different molecular weight and were used for the preparation of water with 100 ± 5 uH color. Characterizations of HS were performed by the following techniques ultra filtration (UF), elemental analysis (EA), ultraviolet/ visible (UV/Vis), infrared (IF), C13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR of C13) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Such characterizations showed that fractions of smaller molecular weight (30 - 100 kDa and < 30 kDa) obtained by UF presented a higher concentration of groups containing oxygen, while the fraction with the largest molecular weight (>100 kDa) and the one containing all the molecular weight together (filtered only in membrane with pore size of 0,45 μm) presented a higher concentration of aromatic groupings. It was also possible to verify that in the fractions with smaller molecular weight (30 - 100 kDa e <30 kDa) the percentage of fulvic acids was higher than the one of humic acids . However the opposite occurred of larger molecular weight (>100 kDa and filtered in membrane with pore size of 0,45 μm). The tests of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation conducted with waters prepared with different fractions of different molecular weight showed that the larger the molecular weight, the easier the coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation, resulting in higher efficiency in the removal of the apparent color. The coagulation diagrams obtained for aluminum sulphate (Al2(SO4)3 .14,3 H2O) showed that independently of the molecular weight, the region with optimum pH for coagulation was between 6 and 7 and the removal of the apparent color increased with the decrease in the sedimentation velocity (Vs= 3,0, 1,5 e 0,5 cm/min). Due to the decrease in the molecular weight there was as increase in the dosage of Al2(SO4)3 .14,3 H2O necessary to obtain curves of the removal of the apparent color similar to the ones obtained with the water prepared with the fraction of the largest molecular weight (> 100 kDa). Tests of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration showed good reproducibility in relation to the results of removal of apparent color, obtained for the construction of coagulation diagrams. After filtration it was possible to verify that the values of apparent color were not detected by the technique of color measurement utilized for all the waters studied, except for the water prepared with the fraction of the smallest molecular weight (< 30 kDa). It was possible concluded that the smaller the molecular weight, the higher the percentage of present fulvic acids and the higher the concentration of groupings with bond oxygen. Thus a higher dosage of coagulant Al2(SO4)3 .14,3 H2O will be necessary for an efficient removal of color.
Soares, Letícia Borges Mendonça. "Impacto das alterações ponderais na filtração glomerular e proteinúria em doadores renais." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2011. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/12717.
Full textIntrodução: A nefrectomia (Nx) para doação renal intervivos é respaldada por trabalhos que relatam poucas alterações clínicas a longo prazo para os doadores. Mas os parâmetros de avaliação são os mesmos empregados para a população geral. Assim, é necessário rever a adequação destes valores e avaliar doadores obesos, visto que a incidência de obesidade está aumentando mundialmente. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto das variações ponderais e dos valores utilizados como referência para normalidade na função renal de doadores renais. Métodos: O estudo é uma série de casos, com 48 doadores renais, submetidos à uninefrectomia, entre 1983 e 2006. Foram avaliados dados antropométricos, pressão arterial sistêmica, taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (eTFG) pelo clearance de creatinina e proteinúria de 24h. Resultados: A eTFG em 52,08% da amostra apresentava-se entre 60 e 89 ml/min sendo que apenas 4,2% apresentavam eTFG ≥ 120 ml/min. Pode-se inferir que 77,1 % estão submetidos à hiperfiltração, se considerarmos como valor normal para rim único 50% do valor de 120 ml/min utilizado para a população com 2 rins. Em 22,9% observou-se a presença de proteínas na urina, mas se utilizando o mesmo raciocínio anterior e tomando como valor de referência 75mg/24h, 64,6% apresentam valores elevados de proteinúria. A amostra apresentava, na época da Nx, 10,4% de obesos e evoluiu para 31,3%. O grupo estudado também apresentou elevação do IMC médio. Pacientes com obesidade apresentavam maiores valores de eTFG e de pressão arterial sistólica. Os indivíduos com maiores valores de proteinúria apresentavam valores ponderais maiores. Conclusão: Utilizando valores de eTFG e proteinúria para o rim isolado, a hiperfiltração e proteinúria foram respectivamente 18,3 e 2,8 vezes mais elevadas em relação as taxas obtidas quando utilizados os parâmetros empregados para a população geral. Após a doação, houve elevação do IMC e dos obesos na amostra. Assim, obesidade parece estar associada à maior hiperfiltração e à hipertensão arterial sistólica e consequente proteinúria, o que justifica um rigoroso controle ponderal para esta população a fim de evitar uma sobreposição de fatores de injúria renal.
Mestre em Ciências da Saúde
Rocha, Filipe Marinho da. "Efeito da suplementação proteica no terço final da gestação sobre a programação fetal, e o desempenho das crias submetidas a diferentes estratégias de suplementação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10135/tde-16072013-151947/.
Full textThe primary objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of protein supplementation of cows in the final third of pregnancy on fetal programming, as measured by the performance of their offspring submitted to growth rates up to 318 days old. The secondary objective, was to economically evaluate the different strategies of supplementation. In phase I we used 411 Nellore pregnant cows at the beginning of last trimester of gestation, with a mean age of 7.6 ± 2.1 years, mean body weight of 429 ± 49 kg and body condition score (BCS) of 2.84 ± 0.44 (range from1 to 5). Cows were assigned to two treatments according to BCS, body weight, age and father of calves . The treatments consisted of Supplemented-Cow group (SCO) (n = 212) and Control-Cow group (CCO) (n = 199). The cows SCO received daily 0.56 kg of protein supplement composed of 0.50 kg of soybean meal and 0.06 kg of minerals. The cows CCO received only mineral supplement. In phase II, which correspond to the period in which supplementation was offered to calves. Half of cows of each group from the first phase, with their offspring (2 months old), were redistributed in two treatments. 1- creep-feeding, offered ad libitum, Supplemented-Calf (SCA) (n = 201). 2 - Only mineral supplementation, Control-Calf (CCA) (n = 188). During phase II the animals were weighed four times, at 108, 149, 182 208 (weaning time) days old. After weaning they were sent to a pasture and remained for 25 days until the start of phase III. In phase III, which corresponds to winter season, lasted 85 days, the calves were regrouped into two groups. In group I, the calves were kept in feed lot, Supplemented-Growth group (SGG) (n = 209). In group II, the calves were kept in pasture composed predominantly of Panicum maximum or Brachiaria brizantha, Control-Growth group (CGG) group (n = 180). In this phase males and females were kept separated and finished when claves reached 318 days old. The economic analysis was based on the calculation of gross margin, obtained by subtracting the cost differential of total revenue. Effect was observed (P <0.05) of maternal supplementation during the first three weighings of phase II, the control group had higher weights. However, the weight at 208 days, was not (P> 0.05) influenced by maternal supplementation. Effect was observed (P<0.05) supplementing in the creep feeding at weaning time affected the body weight , (P <0.05), calves supplemented were heavier. The effect of sex of calves, bull calves were heavier, had higher (P <0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and total weight gain (TWG) than females in all weighings of phase II. The maternal supplementation on the offspring did not affect (P> 0.05) ADG in phase II between treatments. The effect of supplementation of calves in creep-feeding on daily gain (DG) and total weight gain (TWG) was higher for supplemented calves (P <0.05). The effect of maternal supplementation on weight of calves during phase III, did not showed differences (P> 0.05) between treatments. Supplementation of calves on creepfeeding was effective in keeping the weight difference obtained at weaning time for all phase III. The ADG and TWG of offspring at 318 days old were not affected (P> 0.05) by pre-partum maternal supplementation. Calves that were supplemented on creep-feeding in the phase III lost less weight (P <0.05) than control group. Interaction effect was observed (P <0.05) between feeding management in phase III and sex, both the animals fed in fed lot as well as for animals kept at pasture, males had better weight gains than females. Gross margin was higher for treatments CCO-CCA-SGG (R$ 40,014.48) and CCO-CCA-CGG (R$ 38,266.03), followed by treatments SC-CCA-CGG (R$ 35,574.47) and CCO-SCA-SGG (R$ 35,501.23). The lower gross margin was obtained by treatment SCO-SCA-CGG (32,452.03). The costs of acquiring supplements, machine works and other differential costs of treatments impacted significantly on the gross margin. The animals fed SCO-SCA-SGG, SCO-SCA-CGG, SCO-CCA-SGG, SCO-CCA-CGG, SCO-SCA-SGG, CCO-SCA-CGG CCO-CCA-CGG should have an additional gain of 29.08, 32.62, 20.61, 19.15, 19.47, 20.01, and 7.54 kg respectively, so that the gross margin of these treatments was equal to CCO-CCA-SGG treatment. The protein supplementation of cows in the last trimester of gestation had no effect on weight and weight gain of offspring. Thus, creep-feeding provided greater weaning weight, but the calve were not programmed for greater performance in subsequent phases. Calves in feedlot was effective in providing greater weight to 318 days and higher ADG. Investments in pre-partum supplementation and supplementation pre-weaning were not effective in providing higher gross margins, suggesting that better performance does not necessarily imply better economic performance.