Journal articles on the topic 'Day care nurseries'
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1
Burns, E. G. "Infections in day-care nurseries." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2, no. 3 (June 1989): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-198906000-00024.
2
Lloyd-Williams, Ffion, Katie Bristow, Simon Capewell, and Modi Mwatsama. "Young children's food in Liverpool day-care settings: a qualitative study of pre-school nutrition policy and practice." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 10 (April 19, 2011): 1858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011000619.
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AbstractObjectiveTo explore nutrition and food provision in pre-school nurseries in order to develop interventions to promote healthy eating in early years settings, especially across deprived communities.DesignAn ethnographic approach was used combining participant observation with semi-structured interviews. Research participants were selected purposively using convenience sampling.SettingCommunity pre-school nurseries.SubjectsNursery managers (n 9), cooks (n 6), staff (n 12), parents (n 12) and children at six nurseries (four private and two attached to children's centres) in Liverpool, UK.ResultsPrivate nurseries had minimal access to information and guidelines. Most nurseries did not have a specific healthy eating policy but used menu planning to maintain a focus on healthy eating. No staff had training in healthy eating for children under the age of 5 years. However, enthusiasm and interest were widespread. The level and depth of communication between the nursery and parents was important. Meal times can be an important means of developing social skills and achieving Early Years Foundation Stage competencies.ConclusionsNurseries are genuinely interested in providing appropriate healthy food for under-5s but require support. This includes: improved mechanisms for effective communication between all government levels as well as with nurseries; and funded training for cooks and managers in menu planning, cost-effective food sourcing and food preparation. Interventions to support healthy eating habits in young children developed at the area level need to be counterbalanced by continued appropriate national-level public health initiatives to address socio-economic differences.
3
El-Nasr, Eman M. Seif. "Supportive Environment at Day Care Nurseries and Children’s Growth and Development." IOSR Journal of Nursing and Health Science 06, no. 02 (March 2017): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1959-0602025056.
4
Torr, Jane, and Lien Pham. "Educator Talk in Long Day Care Nurseries: How Context Shapes Meaning." Early Childhood Education Journal 44, no. 3 (April 8, 2015): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10643-015-0705-6.
5
Sønnichsen, Lise Hostrup, Jesper von Seelen, and Camilla Bak Høilund. "Playful and physical active storytelling in day care settings." BUKS - Tidsskrift for Børne- & Ungdomskultur 38, no. 66 (August 15, 2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/buks.v38i66.133773.
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This paper is about playful and physically active storytelling (PPAST) with children in day care. It is highlighting why this way of telling a story, combined with pedagogical tact for maintaining play mood during the story, can support 2–5-year-old children´s imaginary play. From 2016 to 2020 three prototypes of physical active stories for kindergartens and seven for nurseries and home-nurseries were designed to facilitate PPAST in day care. The stories were designed in a design-based research approach drawing on qualitative as well as quantitative data generation. The material was distributed to 3.000 day care facilities in Denmark. This paper aims at answering two questions: How does PPAST work for different groups of children? What makes PPAST playful? According to the participating pedagogues the children that benefit the most from PPAST are children in vulnerable positions. Seven principles of significance for play to emerge during or after PPAST can be deduced from the empirical data. PPAST must include children’s co-determination, children´s as well as the pedagogue’s embodiment of the story rituals, an imaginative open storyline that can be combined with aesthetic improvisations and the inclusion of affordances in the physical environment and finally, storytelling object(s) that inspire the story and remain when the storytelling ends are essential. And perhaps most importantly, the story must give room for children’s differentiated participation.
6
Harton, Anna, and Joanna Myszkowska-Ryciak. "Types of Milk and/or Its Substitutes Are Given to Children (6–36 Months) in Nurseries in Poland: Data from the Research and Education Project “Eating Healthy, Growing Healthy”." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 9, 2018): 2789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122789.
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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the types of milk and/or its substitutes given to children (aged 6–36 months) in nurseries in Poland. Methods: The study was conducted in 211 nurseries across Poland. The supply of milk and its substitutes was checked in ten-day menus and inventory documents. In total, 211 ten-day menus and 2110 daily inventory reports were analyzed. Additionally, data were obtained by interviews with day-care center (DCC) directors and/or staff responsible for nutrition. Results: Compared to non-public nurseries, public ones were characterized by a higher average number of children, most often maintained their own kitchens, and charged a lower financial fee. Public DCCs also more often employed dietitians. The type of milk and its substitutes offered to children in nurseries was dependent on the age of the children and type of DCC. In a larger percentage of public DCCs infants received a milk formula, and in smaller percentage they received breast milk. This regularity also occurred in older children’s diets (13–36 months). In toddlers’ diets in public nurseries, cow’s milk was more common. The share of other milk substitutes in the nutrition of children from both age groups was negligible. Conclusion: The types of milk given to children in nurseries in Poland varied and depended on the age of children and the type of DCCs. It is necessary to provide education to DCC staff regarding the type of milk recommended for children under one year of age.
7
Baczynska, Katarzyna A., Luke L. A. Price, Michael P. Higlett, and John B. O'Hagan. "Estimating Sun Exposure of Children in Day Care Nurseries in South Oxfordshire, UK." Photochemistry and Photobiology 92, no. 1 (November 26, 2015): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/php.12536.
8
Davis, Belinda, and Jane Torr. "Educators’ use of questioning as a pedagogical strategy in long day care nurseries." Early Years 36, no. 1 (October 13, 2015): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2015.1087974.
9
Klein, Ágnes, and Tünde Tancz. "Interaction Analysis in Nurseries." Acta Educationis Generalis 12, no. 3 (November 1, 2022): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/atd-2022-0028.
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Abstract Introduction: The present research aimed to review the qualitative aspects of communication between children and their caregivers. We focused on the presence of quality indicators, on the strategies we encounter in influencing language acquisition in the interaction between children and early childhood educators. Methods: We examined the diversity, awareness and efficiency with which educators use communication tools and techniques in various preschool education situations for children under 3 years of age. In the empirical survey of day-care interactions a questionnaire was based on the evaluation and observation of questionnaire responses. Results: The emotional and motivational basis of language acquisition is formed by the toddler’s social inclinations and attachment needs, as well as social inclinations, with his environment playing a prominent role in changing these processes. Discussion: These interactions provide a framework for language acquisition, where in the classic case language acquisition is not guided, but takes place through everyday situations, through participation in authentic communication situations. The axiom is that language skills develop in language use. Limitations: The questionnaire was validly completed by 60 people. The data collection concentrated on the region of southern and northern Transdanubia in Hungary. Although not in national terms, this offers the opportunity to evaluate and reflect on the situation at the regional level. Conclusions: The professional communication and competent language development activity of educators’ results from the interplay of scientific-theoretical knowledge, implicit empirical knowledge, competence-oriented procedures
10
Konstantyner, Tulio, José Augusto AC Taddei, Mariana de Novaes Oliveira, Domingos Palma, and Fernando AB Colugnati. "The impact of training for day-care educators on childhood anaemia in nurseries: an institutional randomised clinical trial." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 8 (October 5, 2010): 1450–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010001977.
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AbstractObjectiveTo test the impact of training for educators on the health of children enrolled in public and philanthropic day-care nurseries.DesignA randomised, institutional, non-blind clinical trial was conducted. An educational intervention was performed in four day-care centres and the control group consisted of four other day-care centres. Interviews with the mothers, collection of blood from the children by digital puncture and anthropometry were performed. The chosen indicator for the improvement of health was anaemia (Hb <11 g/dl). An unconditional logistic regression model was set for the risk factors for anaemia, considering associations with P ≤ 0·05 as statistically significant.SettingEight day-care centres in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil.SubjectsTwo hundred and fifty-two children from day-care nurseries.ResultsThe children from the day-care centres that were not subject to intervention presented a 2·11 times greater risk (95% CI 1·04, 4·30; P = 0·40) of having anaemia at the end of the study independent of the control variables (sex, age, time in the day-care centre, anaemia at the beginning of the study, maternal age, use of oral iron supplements, number of siblings, per capita family income, use of antibiotics and the necessity of avoidable hospitalisations) used in the construction of the final logistical model.ConclusionsThe assessed educational intervention promoted significant changes in the health status of the children, reinforcing the importance of training for professionals who care for young children in day-care centres in developing countries in order to promote child health.
11
LUCEY, JEROLD F. "Parent Dissatisfaction With Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Care and Suggestions for Improvements." Pediatrics 92, no. 5 (November 1, 1993): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.92.5.724.
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The article, "The Principles for Family-Centered Neonatal Care," in this issue is unique. I believe it is the first article we've published that is authored by a group of parents. This special group of parents whose infants were cared for in intensive care nurseries was selected because of their previous attempts in the lay literature to communicate with the medical establishment through newspapers, association newsletters, books, or television interviews. They are unhappy with the present situation, and they want to see change. Ross Laboratories sponsored a 2-day meeting of some of these parents with a small group of neonatologists. pediatricians, social workers, and intensive care nursery nurses.
12
Chmielewski, Witold. "The beginnings of the closedown of catholic foster care educational institutions after WW II." Family Upbringing 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.61905/wwr/171242.
Abstract:
After World War II an important position in Polish protective and educational system was taken by institutions conducted by Catholic church and convents. Especially important were orphanages, nurseries, day nurseries, kindergartens, special institutions and dispensaries, mother and child information centers. After the election to Sejm in 1947 the government gradually started to limit religious education in all three types of schools, close down Catholic schools and protective and educational institutions. The aim of such activities was to prevent the Catholic church in Poland from educating children and youth. Every year the numberof protective and educational institutions conducted by orders and convents decreased. The representatives of most important social groups tried to defend the institutions which were being closed down. Unfortunately, the activities did not have any positive effect.
13
N., Shahidah, Hasnah, S., Shuhaili, S., Syamzany, A., and Mohd Shukri, M.A. "Indoor Airborne Bacteria And Fungi Atdifferent Background Area In Nurseries And Day Care Centres Environments." Journal CleanWAS 1, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2017.35.38.
14
N., Shahidah, Hasnah S., Shuhaili S., Syamzany A., and Mohd Shukri M.A. "Indoor Airborne Bacteria And Fungi Atdifferent Background Area In Nurseries And Day Care Centres Environments." Journal CleanWAS 1, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2017.36.39.
15
PENN, HELEN. "Policy and Practice in Childcare and Nursery Education." Journal of Social Policy 29, no. 1 (January 2000): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400005869.
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Historically there have been three strands of policy concerning provision for young children. Nursery education has traditionally been provided for three and four-year-olds as a free, part-time, school based service provided by qualified teachers, and is regulated by education legislation. Childcare for working parents is a full-time care service for children 0–5 to cover working hours, provided by nursery nurses or unqualified care staff in a variety of private settings including domestic settings; finding and paying for this service has until now been the responsibility of parents. Childcare is subject to the 1989 Children Act and the regulation is carried out by social services departments. Welfare care for vulnerable children or children in need is provided for young children aged 0–5 referred by social workers to local authority social services or voluntary run day nurseries or family centres, and also regulated under the terms of the Children Act. All these policy strands are now under review by the government.There are a number of local authorities, voluntary organisations and private firms who have attempted to provide nurseries which combine all three strands of nursery education, childcare and welfare for vulnerable children. This article draws on case study research carried out in 1995–97 on five such innovative integrated nurseries. The findings suggest that there are very different kinds of practices with children which go on in nursery education, childcare and welfare settings, and that these practices tend to persist even when the functions of the institution are broadened. The article concludes that a more fundamental analysis of daily practice in nurseries is necessary to underpin any policy changes.
16
Roberts, Kathryn, Christine Paynter, and Beryl McEwan. "A Comparison of Kangaroo Mother Care and Conventional Cuddling Care." Neonatal Network 19, no. 4 (June 2000): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.19.4.31.
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Purpose: To compare kangaroo mother care (KMC) and conventional cuddling care (CCC) in premature and smallfor-gestational-age infants.Design and Sample: Thirty mother-infant dyads in two Australian neonatal nurseries were randomly assigned to the KMC group or the CCC group. Both groups of mothers cuddled their babies for a minimum of two hours a day, five days a week while in the study, with the KMC group having skin-to-skin contact while the CCC group had contact through normal clothing.Main Outcome Variable: The main outcome variables were infant weight gain, temperature maintenance during KMC and CCC, and length of hospital stay.Results: The results showed no difference between groups on the Parental Stress Scale (NICU) or the Parental Expectations Survey. Infants in both groups experienced equivalent maintenance of or rise in temperature while out of the incubators, equal weight gain, equal length of stay in the hospital, and equal duration of breastfeeding.
17
Longo-Silva, Giovana, Maysa Toloni, Sara Rodrigues, Ada Rocha, and José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei. "Qualitative evaluation of the menu and plate waste in public day care centers in São Paulo city, Brazil." Revista de Nutrição 26, no. 2 (April 2013): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-52732013000200002.
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: This study assessed menu quality and plate waste in public day care centers of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected data from the nurseries of seven day care centers, totaling 366 children aged 12 to 36 months. Each day care center was assessed for three days, totaling 42 days and 210 meals. Menu quality was assessed by the Qualitative Analysis of Menu Preparations method (Análise Qualitativa das Preparações do Cardápio), adapted for day care centers, which provides nutritional and sensory criteria. Food waste was determined by the Plate Waste-Ingestion Index. RESULTS: The supply of vegetables was inadequate in more than 90% of the days, and the amount of leafy vegetables and high-sulfur foods met the recommended amounts on 50% of the days. The supply of sweets and foods containing trans fatty acids was considerable. The Plate Waste-Ingestion Index for daycare centers varied from 25% to 43%, and the Plate Waste-Ingestion Index for food items varied from 11% to 47%. CONCLUSION: The preparations served and serving sizes clearly need to be reviewed, and new menu creation strategies are needed to control food waste.
18
KOIKE, Takako, and Mariko SADAYUKI. "A STUDY ON ENVIRONMENTS FOR DAY NURSERIES IN TOKYO FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT OF CHILD CARE FACILITIES." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 71, no. 605 (2006): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.71.47_3.
19
Toloni, Maysa Helena de A., Giovana Longo-Silva, Tulio Konstantyner, and Jose Augusto de A. C. Taddei. "Consumption of industrialized food by infants attending child day care centers." Revista Paulista de Pediatria 32, no. 1 (March 2014): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-05822014000100007.
Abstract:
Objective: To identify the age of introduction of petit suisse cheese and instant noodles in the diet of infants attending nurseries of public day care centers and to compare the nutritional composition of these foods with the healthy recommended diet (breast milk and salt meal) for this age, in order to estimate nutritional errors. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 366 children (from nine to 36 months old) who attended day care centers, whose mothers were interviewed about the age of introduction of those foods. The means of the nutrients indicated on the labels of the most consumed brands were considered. For the calculation of the percent composition of breast milk and salt meal, Tables of Food Composition were used. To assess the nutritional adequacy, we used the Dietary Reference Intakes by age group. The percentage of adequacy evaluation of the petit suisse cheese and the instant noodles nutritional compositions was made by comparing them with those of the human milk and the salt meal, respectively. Results: The petit suisse cheese and the instant noodles were consumed by 89.6 and 65.3% of the children in the first year of life. The percentages of adequacy for carbohydrates were more than twice and the percentages for sodium were 20 times higher than those found in the recommended foods. Conclusions: Both industrialized products are inappropriate for infants, emphasizing the need for adoption of norms that can inform health professionals, educators and parents about the risks of consumption.
20
KOIKE, Takako, and Mariko SADAYUKI. "A STUDY ON OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS FOR DAY NURSERIES IN TOKYO FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT OF CHILD CARE FACILITIES." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 73, no. 628 (2008): 1197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.73.1197.
21
Castagnola, Elio, Livia Gargiullo, Salvatore Renna, Anna Loy, Francesco Risso, Andrea Moscatelli, Ivana Baldelli, Giuliana Cangemi, and Roberto Bandettini. "What Is the Best Initial Empirical Treatment of Suspected Sepsis in a Newborn Readmitted Soon after Discharge Home in an Era of Increased Resistance to Antibiotics? A Report of Two Cases." American Journal of Perinatology 33, no. 11 (September 2016): 1090–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1586104.
Abstract:
Background Colonization/infection by antibiotic-resistant bacteria is becoming a major threat to health care systems. Case report Two septic neonates were readmitted in our hospital few days after hospital discharge. In both of them, microbiological workup revealed an infection caused by multiresistant pathogens. Noteworthy, one baby had received intensive care management for 4 weeks, whereas the other had been vaginally delivered and sent home on his second day of life. Conclusion These cases suggest that in countries and/or hospital with high prevalence of colonization/infection by resistant pathogens in nurseries, neonatal intensive care units, and obstetric wards, the choice of initial therapy of suspected sepsis in a neonate readmitted from home soon after discharge should take into account the possibility of an infection due to a multiresistant pathogen.
22
Radwańska, Marta, and Olga Wysłowska. "Muzyka w żłobku – refleksja nad praktyką." Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji 33, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.4836.
Abstract:
The Act of 4 February 2011 on care for children under the age of 3, states that nurseries are to provide children with care, upbringing and education. Still no curriculum has been established for this sector of educare, no regulations specify what types of experiences should be provided to the youngest children. This paper presents the results of the diagnostic research on the role of music, one of the potential educational areas in the nursery curriculum, in the day-to-day practice of the Public Crèche Network in Łódź settings. By employing the mix of methods: field notes, observations and questionnaires researchers tried to answer the following questions: How, in practice the music activities look like?, How often and what kind of music activities are organized?, Are there any activities conducted by external specialists? The article is the starting point for the discussion on the role of music education in the provision for children under the age of 3 in Poland, and training programs for caregivers.
23
Paulozzi, Leonard J., Kathleen E. Johnson, Lawrence M. Kamahele, Carla R. Clausen, Lee W. Riley, and Steven D. Helgerson. "Diarrhea Associated With Adherent Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in an Infant and Toddler Center, Seattle, Washington." Pediatrics 77, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.77.3.296.
Abstract:
During November 1983, the Seattle-King County Department of Public Health investigated an outbreak of diarrhea associated with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, serogroup 0111:K58, in an infant and toddler day-care center. Of the 25 children in the center, ranging in age from 4 to 30 months (median age 11 months), diarrhea occurred in 14 characterized by watery, greenish stools. The median duration of diarrhea was 12 days. Two of the ill children were hospitalized because of severe dehydration. Stool cultures from the children diagnosed initially did not yield the common bacterial pathogens, parasites, or rotavirus. Stool cultures from 11 of 14 ill children and two of 11 well children (P <.005), however, yielded an E coli serogroup, 0111: K58, which was not invasive or toxigenic by standard tests. The source of the organism was not identified. Although this organism has been recognized as a cause of diarrhea in newborn nurseries, this is the first published report of a documented outbreak of enteropathogenic E coli-induced diarrhea in a day-care center in the United States.
24
Rahim, Nur Rifhan A., Nur Hanisah Mohamad Razali, Zarith Sofia Jasmi, Siti Noorhaslina Abd Halim, Nurfarhana Hassan, and Nur Syafiqah A. Rahim. "Integrity and Child Maltreatment at Child Care Centers : A Conceptual Paper." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 11, no. 4 (April 13, 2024): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.114.16096.
Abstract:
The Department of Social Welfare (JKM) reported 5572 child maltreatment cases until November 2022. According to the Deputy Women, Family and Community Development Minister, Datuk Siti Zailah Mohd Yusoff, the welfare department recorded a total of 336 child maltreatment cases in various categories involving day care centers, register and unregistered nurseries and kindergartens were reported in year 2021 to 2022. Child maltreatment or child abuse is defined as “all forms of physical, emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development, or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power” (World Health Organization, 1999). With alarming statistics nationwide for several years consecutively, child abuse cases have sparks outrage to many; police, media, politicians, authorities, UNICEF representative and Tunku Mahkota of Johor. Taking the concept of IHSAN (care and compassion) under Malaysia MADANI, this study is timely and appropriate. Therefore, this conceptual paper analyzes the concept of integrity and child maltreatment at child care centers in Malaysia
25
Radziszewska-Zielina, E., W. Grabowska, and B. Szewczyk. "Market Research Concerning Functional and Material Solutions Employed in Nursery Facilities." Archives of Civil Engineering 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2019-0014.
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AbstractA great number of non-functional child care facilities for children up to the age of three have been created in Poland to this day. This state of affairs may be the consequence of the low level of knowledge in this field, as well as few available studies on topics associated with nursery facilities, which may familiarise readers with the legal aspects, administrative procedures, or examples of good functional and material solutions of such units. What is more, there is also little information about the needs and preferences of people directly related to the topic. The aim of the article is to analyse the expectations and preferences of nursery facilities’ users in terms of the functional and material solutions. Based on a survey conducted among the nurseries’ employees and parents placing their children in the care of such institutions, a number of guidelines has been defined, allowing for the design of an optimal nursery facility that would meet the market’s expectations.
26
Hinitz, Blythe E. "The United States and the World: A History of Connections in Early Childhood Education." History of Education Quarterly 49, no. 2 (May 2009): 235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2009.00199.x.
Abstract:
As examples from this issue show, early education practice around the world has long been intertwined and the care and education provided for young children in most places draws at least in part from non-indigenous sources. A review of the articles reveals numerous parallels and even direct linkages between U.S. early childhood advocates and educators and each of the countries highlighted. Similarities are to be found, for example, in their patterns of development and in the impediments faced by the advocates and founders of day nurseries, kindergartens, and nursery schools in each country. Collaboration between early childhood educators in the United States and their counterparts around the world, beginning in the 1800s with ocean voyages and postal mail, has grown today with the use of modern technology and the continuation of consultative visits by U.S. experts to many lands.
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Kamerman, Sheila B. "International Perspectives on Child Care Policies and Programs." Pediatrics 91, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.91.1.248.
Abstract:
Child development research is more extensive and more sophisticated in the United States than in any other country in the world. US policy makers have access to more and better information about the factors known to enhance or impede good child development than those in almost any other country. Nonetheless, the United States lags far behind almost all the major advanced industrialized countries with regard to supply, quality, and affordability of out-of-home child care services for children under the age at which compulsory school begins (5, 6, or 7 years). This paper provides a brief overview of child care internationally, primarily in northern and western Europe, the leaders in this field. The objective is to document the availability and quality of child care services and related policies in these countries. The paper begins by defining the terms that will be used in discussing child care internationally. The major focus is on identifying and describing the policy choices that the advanced, industrialized, western countries have made regarding child care for young children of different ages (preschoolers and infants). DEFINING THE TERMS The child care programs I will describe include preschools (kindergartens, prekindergartens, compensatory early-education programs, nursery schools); day-care centers (nurseries, creches); and family-day-care-homes (both regulated and unregulated). Relative care, occasional baby-sitting, and care provided within a child's own home are not included in this discussion, nor are programs for children with special needs (handicapped children). Nor, because of space limitations, are before- and after-school programs covered. The major cross-national differences have to do with the financing of services and the extent of the role of the public sector; the predominance of the education, health, or social welfare system in delivering the services; the proportion of children of different ages served by these programs; whether services are limited to the children of working mothers; and the quality of the care provided.
28
Konstantyner, Tulio, José Augusto Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei, Thais Cláudia Roma Oliveira Konstantyner, and Laura Cunha Rodrigues. "Frequency of nutritional disorders and their risk factors among children attending 13 nurseries in São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional study." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 133, no. 4 (August 2015): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2014.8800711.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTCONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Nutritional disorders are associated with health problems earlier in life. The objective here was to estimate the frequency of nutritional disorders and their risk factors among children. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in nurseries at 13 day-care centers in São Paulo, Brazil.METHODS: The mothers of 482 children were interviewed, with anthropometry on these children. Children whose anthropometric indices for weight and height were greater than two standard deviations were considered to have nutritional disorders.RESULTS: Children in families with lower per capita income (odds ratio [OR]: 2.25; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.08-4.67) and who presented neonatal risk (OR 8.08; 95% CI: 2.29-28.74), had incomplete vaccinations (OR 3.44; 95% CI: 1.15-10.31) or were male (OR 3.73; 95% CI: 1.63-8.56) were more likely to be malnourished. Children in families with lower per capita income were also less likely to be overnourished (OR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19-0.88). Children who were exclusively breastfed for less than two months (OR 2.95; 95% CI: 1.35-6.44) or who were male (OR 2.18; 95% CI: 1.02-4.65) were also at greater risk of being overnourished. Children who presented neonatal risk (OR 3.41; 95% CI: 1.04-11.23), had incomplete vaccinations (OR 3.18; 95% CI: 1.307.76), or were male (OR 2.76; 95% CI: 1.56-4.90) were more likely to have a nutritional disorder.CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional disorders remain present in children attending nurseries in São Paulo. Actions should focus on boys, children who were exclusively breastfed for less than two months and those without up-to-date vaccinations.
29
MATSUHASHI, Keiko, Norie MIWA, Ineko TANAKA, Shin TANIGUCHI, Kazuoki OHARA, and Yasuhiro FUJIOKA. "A STUDY ON REGIONAL RESOURCES UTILIZED BY DAY NURSERIES FROM THE VIEW POINT OF OUTDOOR ACTIVITY SPACE AND ACTIVITIES IN THE CHILD-CARE FACILITIES." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 75, no. 651 (2010): 1017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.75.1017.
30
Konstantyner, Tulio, José Augusto de Aguiar Carrazedo Taddei, and Laura Cunha Rodrigues. "Risk factors for incomplete vaccination in children less than 18 months of age attending the nurseries of day-care centres in Sao Paulo, Brazil." Vaccine 29, no. 50 (November 2011): 9298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.020.
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McVERNON, J., A. J. HOWARD, M. P. E. SLACK, and M. E. RAMSAY. "Long-term impact of vaccination on Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) carriage in the United Kingdom." Epidemiology and Infection 132, no. 4 (July 9, 2004): 765–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268804002122.
Abstract:
A recent resurgence in serious infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) has been observed in the United Kingdom. More information on Hib transmission in the population is required in order to better understand the mechanism of this increase. The Public Health Laboratory Service (subsumed into the Health Protection Agency since April 2004) conducted four cross-sectional studies of asymptomatic oropharyngeal Hib carriage in children attending day-care nurseries in England and Wales in 1992, 1994, 1997 and 2002. These demonstrated a marked reduction in the prevalence of Hib colonization over time since vaccine introduction (3·98% in 1992; 0·70% in 1994; 0% in 1997; 0% in 2002), which did not explain the increase in invasive disease reports from 1999 onwards. We believe that a reduction in antibody levels over the first 5 years of life in immunized children in recent years has fuelled the rise in reported cases in the absence of an obvious increase in transmission.
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Jung, August L., and Nan Sherman Streeter. "Total Population Estimate of Newborn Special-Care Bed Needs." Pediatrics 75, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.75.6.993.
Abstract:
In 1977, 7% of the 38,855 infants born in Utah were estimated to have required a total of 27,439 special-care hospital days. About half (53%) were mildly ill; their average length of stay was 4.6 days, or 24% of the total hospital-days. Another 20% of the infants had intermediate illness, with a 12-day average stay, or 23% of the total hospital-days. The remaining 27% of the infants required intensive care and used 53% of the total hospital-days; their average length of stay was 20 days. As a total population, the state's 38,855 births generated a need for two beds per 1,000 annual live births in special-care facilities. The estimated bed need was: mild illness (Level I), 0.5 beds per 1,000 annual live births; intermediate illness (Level II), 0.5 beds per 1,000 annual live births; and intense illness (Level III), one bed per 1,000 annual live births. Results are based on the assumption that nonstudy births, 30% of the total, have needs proportionate to study births. The following considerations are necessary to extrapolate these bed needs to other populations: (1) convalescence of intensely ill babies may require that up to 50% of their bed needs may be shifted to intermediate care; (2) compliance with criteria for transport to the next level of care may not be 100% as assumed in the study, thus redistributing bed needs; (3) census characteristically fluctuates in special-care nurseries (study results are reported for an unchanging daily census); and (4) the low birth rate of a population is intimately related to the bed needs.
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Saccani, Raquel, and Nadia Cristina Valentini. "Cross-cultural analysis of the motor development of Brazilian, Greek and Canadian infants assessed with the Alberta Infant Motor Scale." Revista Paulista de Pediatria 31, no. 3 (September 2013): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-05822013000300012.
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: To compare the motor development of infants from three population samples (Brazil, Canada and Greece), to investigate differences in the percentile curves of motor development in these samples, and to investigate the prevalence of motor delays in Brazilian children. METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study with 795 Brazilian infants from zero to 18 months of age, assessed by the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) at day care centers, nurseries, basic health units and at home. The Brazilian infants' motor scores were compared to the results of two population samples from Greece (424 infants) and Canada (2,400 infants). Descriptive statistics was used, with one-sample t-test and binomial tests, being significant p≤0.05. RESULTS: 65.4% of Brazilian children showed typical motor development, although with lower mean scores. In the beginning of the second year of life, the differences in the motor development among Brazilian, Canadian and Greek infants were milder; at 15 months of age, the motor development became similar in the three groups. A non-linear motor development trend was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The lowest motor percentiles of the Brazilian sample emphasized the need for national norms in order to correctly categorize the infant motor development. The different ways of motor development may be a consequence of cultural differences in infant care.
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Ramalingam, Sandeep, Catriona Graham, Katherine Oatey, Phillip Rayson, Andrew Stoddart, Aziz Sheikh, and Steve Cunningham. "Study protocol of the Edinburgh and Lothian Virus Intervention Study in Kids: a randomised controlled trial of hypertonic saline nose drops in children with upper respiratory tract infections (ELVIS Kids)." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e049964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049964.
Abstract:
IntroductionEdinburgh and Lothians’ Viral Intervention Study Kids is a parallel, open-label, randomised controlled trial of hypertonic saline (HS) nose drops (~2.6% sodium chloride) vs standard care in children <7 years of age with symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI).Methods and analysisChildren are recruited prior to URTI or within 48 hours of developing URTI symptoms by advertising in areas such as local schools/nurseries, health centres/hospitals, recreational facilities, public events, workplaces, local/social media. Willing parents/guardians, of children <7 years of age will be asked to contact the research team at their local site. Children will be randomised to either a control arm (standard symptomatic care), or intervention arm (three drops/nostril of HS, at least four times a day, until 24 hours after asymptomatic or a maximum of 28 days). All participants are requested to provide a nasal swab at the start of the study (intervention arm: before HS drops) and then daily for four more days. Parent/guardian complete a validated daily diary, an end of illness diary, a satisfaction questionnaire and a wheeze questionnaire (day 28). The parent/guardian of a child in the intervention arm is taught to prepare HS nose drops. Parent/guardian of children asymptomatic at recruitment are requested to inform the research team within 48 hours of their child developing an URTI and follow the instructions already provided. The day 28 questionnaire determines if the child experienced a wheeze following illness. Participation in the study ends on day 28.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the West of Scotland Research Ethics Service (18/WS/0080). It is cosponsored by Academic and Clinical Central Office for Research and Development—a partnership between the University of Edinburgh and National Health Service Lothian Health Board. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and via the study website.Trial registration numberNCT03463694.
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Duran, Munise. "The evaluation of the education program for 'The children aged 0-36 months' by teachers." Research in Pedagogy 10, no. 2 (2020): 184–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/istrped2002184d.
Abstract:
The aim of this study is to reveal the teachers' evaluation of the educational program for infants and children aged 0-36 months old. In order to collect data, 18 teachers from day care centers and nurseries in Malatya province were interviewed. The Educational Program prepared for infants and children aged 0-36 months old by the General Directorate of Basic Education of the T.R Ministry of National Education was evaluated using the interview form developed by the researcher. The findings of the research were analysed by means of descriptive method. The following results were obtained: teachers only performed the activity of "sending a notification to families" out of all the available participation activities. Among the adoption and developmental indicators, they had difficulties in designing activities in order to gain cognitive and psychomotor development indicators, and in evaluating emotional development. They used the plans already available in the market for activity planning, and they mostly preferred finger games. According to the results obtained in the evaluation, the teachers did not evaluate themselves at all, and they evaluated the program and the children at a limited level.
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Jaworski, Piotr, and Pawel Jusko. "Działalność opiekuńcza Zgromadzenia Sióstr Służebniczek Najświętszej Maryi Panny Niepokalanie Poczętej w Małopolsce Wschodniej w II połowie XIX wieku." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 43 (June 15, 2021): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2021.43.273-285.
Abstract:
In the vast majority of establishments, the relations between the sisters and the local community were correct or good. They were valued for their dedication, modesty, diligence and perseverance. Huge hopes were placed everywhere about their work in nurseries. It was hoped that the orphanage would not only be a place of care for abandoned, neglected and deprived of Christian upbringing children, but also contribute to raising the spiritual level of parishioners. The vast majority of the orphanages were an exemplary example of cooperation between the handmaid sisters and their parents, founders, as well as local clergy and residents. From the very beginning, the sisters gained the respect and trust of the local population. This was evidenced by the large number of children attending nurseries and the help in running the work in various situations. The sisters' first contact with the inhabitants took place right after their arrival or during the blessing of the orphanage. The ceremony was an opportunity to present the sisters, explain the purpose of their activities and present the benefits of the operation of the nursery. It was also supposed to shape a positive image of the sisters among the local population, so that they could perform their duties more effectively and not encounter obstacles on the part of the inhabitants. In the vast majority of establishments, the relations between the sisters and the local community were good or very good. They were valued for their dedication, modesty, hard work and perseverance. It was expected that the orphanage would not only be a place of care for abandoned, neglected and deprived of Christian upbringing children, but also contribute to raising the spiritual level of parishioners. In addition, their duties included caring for the sick, catechizing school children, working with youth associated in associations, and church work. During World War I, orphanages played a special role. In the face of the threat, the orphanage was a place where inhabitants sought shelter, help or just comfort at any time of the day. Risking their lives, the sisters hid priests and other people wanted by the Russian soldiers stationed in the town There is no doubt that their ministry was an expression of responsibility for the fate of the child and, in a broader perspective, for the religious and moral condition of the entire society.
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Hady, Aisha F. Abdel, Heba M. Farag, and Ayatallah R. Sheikhany. "A preliminary study on the composition of the early expressive lexicon in Egyptian infants and toddlers." Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology 35, no. 2 (April 2019): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejo.ejo_96_18.
Abstract:
Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to gain insight into early vocabulary size in Egyptian children aged between 12 and 30 months and to study the children’s lexicon composition at that young age while studying some demographic factors that might affect early vocabulary development. Participants and methods Parents of 150 children joining day care nurseries in Cairo were asked to fill in the Arabic vocabulary checklist designed in this study. The children were divided according to their age into three groups and then further subdivided according to their vocabulary size into low-vocabulary and high-vocabulary groups. Results Range and median and vocabulary percentages were estimated. Vocabulary size in older children is larger than younger children. More word types developed in the high-vocabulary group in younger age than in low-vocabulary group. All types of vocabulary continued to grow in older children in both low-vocabulary and high-vocabulary groups. There are differences between high-vocabulary and low-vocabulary groups in some demographic factors. Conclusion In this study, the vocabulary size for Arabic infants and toddlers is less than some languages. There are delays and differences between low-vocabulary and high-vocabulary groups regarding the linguistic composition and some demographic factors.
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Shalak, Alexander V., and Darya A. Burdina. "The Problem of Preserving Younger Generation in the Policy of Local Authorities of the Baikal Region (1936–50)." Herald of an archivist, no. 2 (2022): 571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-2-571-583.
Abstract:
The article studies social policy of the authorities of the Baikal region in 1936–50 aimed at protection of children, including regional specifics of their formation, their main activities in the field of child protection and mechanisms of its implementation. It draws on materials from the regional archives and periodicals to study combating homelessness and neglect, organization of summer wellness campaign, work of kindergartens, nurseries, orphanages, as well as Soviet legal framework ensuring the protection of childhood. The need for construction of social facilities, meal arrangements for children, providing clothing and things led to inclusion of almost all departmental institutions in the process of preserving younger generation: orphans, children who lost contact with parents and relatives, children left without parental care. The authors note that preserving younger generation became one of the primary tasks of the local authorities’ social policy; in the wartime it became urgent due to the need to attract women to industries. It is noted that local governments created guarantees to improve social and financial situation of children even in the wartime crisis. The criterion for evaluating the authorities’ activities is reduction of the mortality rate of children. In the following years, the social policy in sphere of motherhood and childhood was repeatedly corrected, but the experience of 1936–50 remains relevant to this day.
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Markova, Gergana V., and Evgeniya K. Dimitrova. "Preparedness of Pregraduate Student Nurses to Practice Their Profession in Crèches." Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research 12, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jbcr-2019-0009.
Abstract:
Summary Nursing degree courses in Bulgaria provide a wide range of career opportunities to graduates. These opportunities, however, do not solve the current problems of the healthcare system. This communication presents the results of a survey conducted among graduate students majoring in the nursing specialty at the Medical University in Pleven. The survey aimed to acquire information on the graduates’ willingness to practice in nurseries. A questionnaire containing 26 questions specially designed for the study was used. The data were processed with statistical software packages Statgraphics; SPSS v. 19 and Excel for Windows. Despite the sound theoretical and practical course of training, 13 (21.67%) of the students were embarrassed, and 13 said they had been cautious when they first entered a crèches during their training. Almost half of the respondents – 29 (48.33%) reported that they might work in a crèches only if it is necessary, and 16 (26.66%) – never. Only 9 (15.00%) declared they would be committed to caring for children aged one to three years. At the end of their training, student nurses did not feel sufficiently prepared for the psychological and pedagogical challenges to practice their profession in such child day care centers. The respondents had no clear idea of the role of the nurse in a crèches. Very few of the student nurses reported a willingness to work in a crèches.
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Kuhns, Michael, Brook Lee, and Douglas Reiter. "Characteristics Of Urban Forestry Programs In Utah, U.S." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 31, no. 6 (November 1, 2005): 285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2005.037.
Abstract:
Urban/community forestry programs in Utah, U.S., were studied; a questionnaire was sent to community forestry contacts in every incorporated community in the state in summer 2002. Respondents reported on program support, budget, management authority and practices, strengths and weaknesses, and training and information needs. Program support from residents, town officials, and employees was fairly strong, with 80% indicating some support. One-quarter of towns have a tree board and celebrate Arbor Day. Towns obtain assistance from nurseries or tree care businesses, Extension, and state forestry, in that order. Two-thirds of communities have a tree-related budget, with a mean budget of US$44,000 and a median budget of $3,000, averaging $2.58 per resident and $25.16 per tree. Total budget generally increased with population, but the smallest towns had the largest per capita and per tree budgets. Most towns spend enough to qualify for Tree City USA's requirement of $2 per capita. The ratio of spending for maintenance versus planting increased from 0.6 for small towns to 4.1 for larger cities. Just under two-thirds of communities have forestry programs. The average number of public trees per town is about 2,300 (median 150), with numbers of trees increasing as population increased, but with trees per capita generally decreasing as population increased, ranging from 0.21 to 0.43 trees per person.
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Herdman, Michael Trent, Rebecca Cordery, Basel Karo, Amrit Kaur Purba, Lipi Begum, Theresa Lamagni, Chuin Kee, Sooria Balasegaram, and Shiranee Sriskandan. "Clinical management and impact of scarlet fever in the modern era: findings from a cross-sectional study of cases in London, 2018–2019." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (December 2021): e057772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057772.
Abstract:
ObjectivesIn response to increasing incidence of scarlet fever and wider outbreaks of group A streptococcal infections in London, we aimed to characterise the epidemiology, symptoms, management and consequences of scarlet fever, and to identify factors associated with delayed diagnosis.Design and settingCross-sectional community-based study of children with scarlet fever notified to London’s three Health Protection Teams, 2018–2019.ParticipantsFrom 2575 directly invited notified cases plus invitations via parental networks at 410 schools/nurseries with notified outbreaks of confirmed/probable scarlet fever, we received 477 responses (19% of those directly invited), of which 412 met the case definition. Median age was 4 years (range <1 to 16), 48% were female, and 70% were of white ethnicity.Outcome measuresPreplanned measures included quantitative description of case demographics, symptoms, care-seeking, and clinical, social, and economic impact on cases and households. After survey completion, secondary analyses of factors associated with delayed diagnosis (by logistic regression) and consequences of delayed diagnosis (by Cox’s regression), and qualitative analysis of free text comments were added.ResultsRash was reported for 89% of cases, but followed onset of other symptoms for 71%, with a median 1-day delay. Pattern of onset varied with age: sore throat was more common at onset among children 5 years and older (OR3.1, 95% CI 1.9 to 5.0). At first consultation, for 28%, scarlet fever was not considered: in these cases, symptoms were frequently attributed to viral infection (60%, 64/106). Delay in diagnosis beyond first consultation occurred more frequently among children aged 5+ who presented with sore throat (OR 2.8 vs 5+without sore throat; 95% CI 1.3 to 5.8). Cases with delayed diagnosis took, on average, 1 day longer to return to baseline activities.ConclusionsScarlet fever may be initially overlooked, especially among older children presenting with sore throat. Raising awareness among carers and practitioners may aid identification and timely treatment.
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Franconi, Andrea, and Kamila Naumowicz. "Remote Work During COVID-19 Pandemic and the Right to Disconnect – Implications for Women´s Incorporation in the Digital World of Work." Z Problematyki Prawa Pracy i Polityki Socjalnej 19, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/zpppips.2021.19.09.
Abstract:
Access is a key foundation to achieve digital inclusion, however, in many countries, including G20 economies, structural inequalities such as those in income, education and employment opportunities increase barriers to technology access and use, which women are likely to experience more severely.
When promoting policies to facilitate the participation of women in the paid economy, flexible working (including teleworking), is often promoted as a solution. However, studies in several countries show that the digital world of work could further cement traditional gender roles.
The digital gender divide has been recognized as a challenge to achieve gender equality for women, particularly as the 4th Industrial Revolution continues to increase the pace of change of information and communication technologies.
As societies become increasingly dependent on digital technology, women are at risk of losing out on the positive promise of full participation in digital economies.
Reports around the world are showing that during COVID-19 crisis, inequalities are being exacerbated, and so across the world, women are being affected more severely by the socioeconomic impacts of this Pandemic.
Many women are juggling an increase in unpaid care work while also contending with paid work, now in a new form: the Digital World of Work, Teleworking and its implications. The pressure of balancing work and family life is taking a severe toll on women’s well-being.
Before the pandemic of COVID-19, women globally did nearly three times as much unpaid care and domestic work as men. But after the Pandemic, the care work at home has really grown exponentially. Besides the direct impacts of the pandemic, the response is also exacerbating inequalities. In particular, the closure of schools and nurseries has revealed the fragility of women’s participation in the paid economy. The school closures and household isolation are moving the work of caring for children from the paid economy ‒ nurseries, schools, babysitters ‒ to the unpaid one.
This really underpins so many of the inequalities that women experience. While both women and men are suffering the economic fallout of the virus across the world, it is women who are being disproportionately more constricted by it.
The right to disconnect, is design to establish boundaries around the use of electronic communication after working hours and to provide employees with the right to not engage in any work-related activities at home. It is often looked upon as an individual right of the employee to not only disconnect but also to not be reprimanded for failing to connect – or rewarded for constantly staying connected.
Because of social and cultural roles and stereotypes, women have more responsibility for their families and homes than men, and may not be able to stay connected after the formal working day ends even if they wanted to. This is particularly the case for single mothers, for whom a right to disconnect could have a proportionally larger positive impact than for other employees.
We intend to analyze how the structural and sociological phenomenon, that women experience, articulates with the Digital World of Work and the Right to Disconnect, paying special attention to family work balance and fair family responsibilities distribution.
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Cosma, Ghizela. "Institutii de ocrotire sociala si sanitara ale societatilor de femei din Clujul interbelic." Banatica 1, no. 33 (2023): 423–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.56177/banatica.33.1.2023.art.23.
Abstract:
Using a succession of monographic notes, the present study reconstitutes the image of the social/ sanitary protection institutions in Cluj, during the interwar period, founded and supported by the women’s societies. The oldest such an institution, dating from the second half of the 19th century, was “Maria Valeria” Orphanage under the patronage of the homonymous society. The most numerous were the day nurseries supported by the Israelite, Reformed, Roman Catholic, Greek‑Catholic, and Unitarian women’s societies. These provided care and education for needy children for the time their parents were at work. Besides these, the Israelite and Reformed nursing homes for old ladies also worked. The Unitarian establishment and “Grinţescu” House worked for needy young schoolgirls and students; the needy young girls who came in the town were assisted by the station mission and the employment office of the Romanian University Women’s Association from Cluj. The estab‑ lishments for sanitary protec‑tion were supported by the Association for the Protection of Mother and Infant from Cluj and the “Principele Mircea” society, Cluj branch. The Charity Fund of “Principesa Elena”, Cluj branch, and “Caritatea” Society used to send the needy children and young men to spend their holidays in sanatoriums/ camps organized under their patronage. There are results which reveal the fact that the women in Cluj mainly dedicated their work, through their societies, to needy women and their children, as they understood the social responsibility as their own duty to voluntary contribute to a better society. There were founded exemplary establishments to protect ethnic and religious communities, but charity frequently ignored such limits. To continuously support those establishments, the women organized events, campaigns, and collections, generating a voluntary redistribution of welfare to the deprived persons. On the whole, the study spotlights the women’s contribution to the actions of the civil society in the interwar period, related to the social/ sanitary assistance.
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Adoe, Dominggus G. H., and Rima Nindia Selan. "PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA LAPEOM MELALUI PEMBUATAN BEDENG DAN PEMBIBITAN DI KEBUN GIZI." SELAPARANG: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 7, no. 2 (June 17, 2023): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v7i2.15177.
Abstract:
ABSTRAKLapeom adalah nama sebuah desa di kecamatan Insana Barat, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. Desa Lapeom terletak sekitar 14 Km dari Ibu Kota Kabupaten TTU dan sekitar 27 Km dari ibu kota kecamatan dengan jarak tempuh sekitar 0,5 jam dengan kendaraan roda empat, atau 1 jam dari ibukota kecamatan.Mata pencaharian penduduk Desa Lapeom sebagian besarnya adalah petani. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memberi penyuluhan dan pelatihan kepada masyarakat desa Lepeom untuk memanfaatkan pekarangan rumah menjadi lahan yang bisa ditanami sayuran untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizi keluarga. Metode yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan ini adalah tahap sosialisasi, tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan dan terakhir tahap penndampingan serta evaluasi. Kegiatan bercocok tanaman dilakukan semuanya oleh masyarakat mulai dengan pembibitan, persiapan lahan, perawatan sampai pemanenan dibantu fasilitator. Bedeng terdapat di pekarangan tempat tinggal warga sehingga warga dengan mudah untuk mengurusnya setiap hari. Kata kunci: desa Lepeom; pertanian; kebun gizi. ABSTRACTLapeom is the name of a village in the West Insana sub-district, North Central Timor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. Lapeom Village is located about 14 Km from the capital city of TTU Regency and about 27 Km from the sub-district capital, with a distance of about 0.5 hours by four-wheeled vehicle, or 1 hour from the sub-district capital. The livelihoods of residents of Lapeom Village are mostly farmers. The purpose of this activity is to provide counseling and training to the people of Lepeom village to use their yards as land that can be planted with vegetables to meet the nutritional needs of their families. The method used in this activity is the socialization stage, the preparation stage, the implementation stage and finally the mentoring and evaluation stage. Community farming activities are all carried out by the community starting with nurseries, land preparation, and maintenance to harvesting assisted by facilitators. nutrition garden is located in the yard where residents live so that residents can easily take care of it every day. Keywords: lepeom village; agriculture; nutrition garden.
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Sobaszek, A., P. Frimat, A. Tiberguent, A. Domont, H. Chevalier, and P. Catilina. "Venous Insufficiency of the Lower Limbs and Working Conditions." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 13, no. 4 (December 1998): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559801300402.
Abstract:
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of venous insufficiency (VI) in a population of women working in the health and social sectors. In a second stage, we assessed the relative contributions of the different occupational and personal risk factors for venous disease. Design: Descriptive, randomized, multicentre, cross-sectional study during January to September 1995. Study group: One thousand eight hundred and twenty-three women working in four health sectors: operating rooms, hospital laundries, day-nurseries and offices. Methods: The study was based on a physical examination and a medical questionnaire (personal and family history of VI, symptoms, use of medical care). Working conditions, temperature and humidity recordings were studied for each activity. A typological analysis and a discriminant analysis were carried out to determine the contribution of personal and occupational factors to the course of VI. Findings: VI is highly prevalent: 76% of subjects and up to 84% in the surgical room and laundry population. Functional symptoms and the presence of varicosities (small varicose veins of the ankle and medial plantar arch) and large varicose veins are more frequent, with the highest prevalence among operating room staff (respectively, 68% and 41%). Seniority is the first and main factor to explain the severity of the disease, independently of age. The number of pregnancies is also an important factor for the severity of VI, while a family history is not. Occupational factors such as high temperature and load-carrying have a significant direct influence. Conclusion: We observed a strong relationship between occupational factors and severity of VI. Occupational factors and personal factors could be quantified on the basis of scores identified in the discriminant analysis.
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Kelen, Gabor D., Melissa L. McCarthy, Chadd K. Kraus, Ru Ding, Edbert B. Hsu, Guohua Li, Judy B. Shahan, James J. Scheulen, and Gary B. Green. "Creation of Surge Capacity by Early Discharge of Hospitalized Patients at Low Risk for Untoward Events." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 3, S1 (June 2009): S10—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e3181a5e7cd.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTObjectives:US hospitals are expected to function without external aid for up to 96 hours during a disaster; however, concern exists that there is insufficient capacity in hospitals to absorb large numbers of acute casualties. The aim of the study was to determine the potential for creation of inpatient bed surge capacity from the early discharge (reverse triage) of hospital inpatients at low risk of untoward events for up to 96 hours.Methods:In a health system with 3 capacity-constrained hospitals that are representative of US facilities (academic, teaching affiliate, community), a variety (N = 50) of inpatient units were prospectively canvassed in rotation using a blocked randomized design for 19 weeks ending in February 2006. Intensive care units (ICUs), nurseries, and pediatric units were excluded. Assuming a disaster occurred on the day of enrollment, patients who did not require any (previously defined) critical intervention for 4 days were deemed suitable for early discharge.Results:Of 3491 patients, 44% did not require any critical intervention and were suitable for early discharge. Accounting for additional routine patient discharges, full use of staffed and unstaffed licensed beds, gross surge capacity was estimated at 77%, 95%, and 103% for the 3 hospitals. Factoring likely continuance of nonvictim emergency admissions, net surge capacity available for disaster victims was estimated at 66%, 71%, and 81%, respectively. Reverse triage made up the majority (50%, 55%, 59%) of surge beds. Most realized capacity was available within 24 to 48 hours.Conclusions:Hospital surge capacity for standard inpatient beds may be greater than previously believed. Reverse triage, if appropriately harnessed, can be a major contributor to surge capacity. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3(Suppl 1):S10–S16)
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Osafo-Acquah, Aaron. "Pre-service teacher preparation for early childhood education in Ghana: A review of literature." Ghana Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation, Sports and Dance (GJOHPERSD) 11, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/gjohpersd.v11i1.529.
Abstract:
As a result of the continued interest in the expansion of early childhood education opportunities in Ghana, questions have arisen about how to prepare teachers for work in this context. This literature review explores the state of pre service teacher preparation for early childhood education in Ghana. Findings from the review show that Ghana faces a lot of challenges including lack of trained teachers, poor infrastructure, and poorly developed teaching and learning. The first formal declaration to address early childhood education in Ghana came in the form of the Gold Coast Colony Education Department schedule of 1930, which included a syllabus for infant classes as part of a primary schedule. The syllabus included instruction based on games, physical exercises, spoken English, singing, and arithmetic (McWilliam, H.O.A., & Kwamena-Po, M. A. (1975). After Ghana gained independence in 1957, the Education Act of 1961 was enacted to designate preschool as the responsibility of the Ministry of Education, and also declared compulsory basic education (Kindergarten- Middle school) as free for all children from age Four (4) to age Fifteen( 15). Four years later, the Nursery and Kindergarten Unit of the Ghana Education Service was created. The purpose of that unit was to develop preschools, nurseries, Kindergartens, as well as assist in the evaluation, control, and registration of these institutions. The idea of employing teaching staff who were trained teachers and professionals, led to the establishment of the National Nursery Teachers’ Training Centre in Accra in 1965 to train early childhood personnel (Morrison, 2002). By the year 1975, the Department of Social Welfare supervised 488 day care centres and the Ghana Education Service supervised 567 nursery schools and Kindergartens which enrolled 56,089 children. In an effort to regulate these early childhood centres and their programmes, the Department of Social Welfare established guidelines, which required centres to apply for permit and therefore register with the Department of Social Welfare. The Children’s Act of 1989 was therefore established and put into effect.
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Hegyi, Thomas, Mujahid Anwar, Mary Terese Carbone, Barbara Ostfeld, Mark Hiatt, Anne Koons, Jennifer Pinto-Martin, and Nigel Paneth. "Blood Pressure Ranges in Premature Infants: II. The First Week of Life." Pediatrics 97, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.97.3.336.
Abstract:
Objective. To examine the arterial blood pressure in the first week of life in a healthy premature population. Design. Population-based cohort study. Setting. Three intensive care nurseries in central New Jersey. Patients. Premature infants with birth weights less than 2000 g. Main Outcome Measures. We documented daily maximum and minimum systolic and maximum and minimum diastolic blood pressures during the first 7 days of life. To examine the effects on these ranges of blood pressure of specific risk factors likely to affect blood pressure, we identified four groups of infants: (1) healthy infants without any of the major risk factors (n = 193); (2) infants who were mechanically ventilated but free of any of the other conditions (n = 225); (3) infants with histories of maternal hypertension or preeclampsia (n = 38); and (4) infants with low Apgar scores (less than 3 at 1 minute and less than 6 at 5 minutes) regardless of the presence of other conditions (n = 86). Results. Blood pressure increased steadily in the first week of life in all four groups. There was no relationship between any of the four blood pressure variables, or trends in blood pressure over time, with birth weight, gender, or race. Regression equations (based on all infants with available data) for blood pressure ranges by day of life revealed that the maximum systolic blood pressure increased by 2.6 mm Hg/d, the minimum systolic blood pressure increased by 1.8 mm Hg/d, the maximum diastolic blood pressure increased by 2.0 mm Hg/d, and the minimum diastolic blood pressure increased by 1.3 mm Hg/d. Conclusions. Infants with birth asphyxia and ventilated infants had significantly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressures than healthy infants.
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Goldsborough, Nicola, Catherine Homer, Rebecca Atchinson, and Margo E. Barker. "Healthy eating in the early years." British Food Journal 118, no. 4 (April 4, 2016): 992–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2015-0014.
Abstract:
Purpose – A nutritious diet is critical to the health and development of pre-school children. Children in the UK consume much food outside the home yet day-care food provision is unregulated, and informed by disparate and conflicting dietary guidelines. Factors affecting nursery food provision have been much studied, but less is known about food provision in the child-minder setting. The purpose of this paper is to examine factors influencing child-minders’ food provision. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative methods were employed, combining participant observation with semi-structured interviews. Participants were selected via purposive and convenience sampling. Eight child-minders from an English borough were interviewed. Findings – The food provided by child-minders was not consistent with dietary guidelines for young children, following menu plans was reported to be difficult, and knowledge about healthy eating guidelines for young children was various. Child-minders reported limited time for food preparation, and problems catering for fussy children. Some child-minders obtained support through an informal peer network group. Only one child-minder reported availing of professional nutritional advice on healthy food provision. Communication with parents about food was considered important, although there was some evidence of discord between providers and parents in dietary objectives. Research limitations/implications – The study was small in size and regionally based. Due to the local nature of the study, it is not possible to make generalisations to the wider national context. Corroboration of the findings is necessary in a larger study. Practical implications – Child-minders have a pivotal role to play in the nutritional health and development of young children, and whilst their interest in provision of nutritious food was great, outside support was lacking. Support should include provision of one clear set of authoritative guidelines, practical guidance that accommodates the realities of providing food in the child-minder setting, investment to strengthen support structures at local level and the development of network groups. Originality/value – Whilst the factors underpinning food provision in nurseries have been examined in various regions of the UK, little attention has been given to child-minder settings. The current study addresses this gap.
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M M*, Safeer, and Susha S. Thara. "Impact of Cymbidium mosaic virus on Native and Cultivated Orchids in Western Ghat - Kerala." Current Agriculture Research Journal 11, no. 2 (September 21, 2023): 633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.11.2.25.
Abstract:
Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) and Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) are two major orchid viruses detected in native and imported orchid plants of India. These viruses are growth debilitating with high stability and high spread rates. A survey was conducted in eight districts of Kerala for detecting the prevalence of CymMV and ORSV in native and cultivated orchid plants. DAC- ELISA technique using specific antibodies for CymMV and ORSV was used to detect viruses in collected orchid samples. The presence of CymMV was detected in all orchid nurseries surveyed, and the incidence varied from five to 100% in different areas. The coat protein of the CymMV strain was cloned and sequenced and its similar sequences were observed against the available database, and it was found to be more related to foreign strains. It was confirmed that the plants acquired the infection either during importation or later during close maintenance in the nurseries post-importation. Whereas the wild population of orchids surveyed from the Western Ghat of Kerala, did not test positive for CymMV, they were able to take up the infection upon artificial inoculation. CymMV is highly contagious and can easily transmit through infected plant sap, there is a greater possibility of spread of this virus to other orchids when kept in its vicinity. Even though CymMV was not a quarantined pathogen, there are possibilities of its spread to the native wild orchid population, and it may have unfavourable results, especially in the biodiversity hotspots like the Western Ghats of Kerala.